Artificial ionospheric formation direction-finding apparatus

IPC classes for russian patent Artificial ionospheric formation direction-finding apparatus (RU 2523912):

G01S13/95 - for meteorological use

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FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method includes receiving electromagnetic signals from each navigation satellite, wherein a double-frequency receiver generates an evaluation vector of digital signals corresponding to each of the j=1…m visible navigation satellites; based on phase propagation times τ_ph1,2(t_k), calculating phase paths of the signal D_ph1,2(t_k)=cτ_ph1,2(t_k) for each of the j=1…m visible navigation satellites; determining full electronic content of the ionosphere I, mathematical expectation of the full electronic content of the ionosphere $\bar{I}$ and the mean-square deviation of the full electronic content of the ionosphere σ_ΔI; determining the intensity of ionosphere irregularities; comparing the obtained values of the intensity of ionosphere irregularities β_{i j} with a threshold β_{i thres}; determining all signal passage lines on which high (β_{i j}≥β_{i thres}) intensity of ionosphere irregularities is determined; generating a feature for presence of an artificial ionospheric formations; based on the information contained in navigation messages and coordinates of the double-frequency receiver, determining the bearings of the beginning and end of the artificial ionospheric formation.

EFFECT: high accuracy of determining full electronic content in diffusivity conditions and obtaining information on the state of the ionosphere in a given direction.

3 dwg

The invention relates to radar systems, radio communication and navigation and can be used for radio sounding of the ionosphere, determine the intensity of ionospheric irregularities in the conditions of the manifestations of diffusely and direction finding artificial ionospheric formations.

The level of technology

It is known that the effect on the ionosphere powerful (P>1 MW) radiation KB range, leads to artificial ionospheric formations (t & e), has a significant impact on the propagation of radio waves [1, 2].

The presence of artificial ionospheric entities can be defined in ascending order of intensity inhomogeneities β_andon the road ERE.

There is a method of determining the parameters of the ionosphere, which is implemented in the device to measure the total electron content of the ionosphere at two-frequency operation of satellite navigation systems [3] on the basis of the two-frequency navigation receiver satellite navigation systems such as GLONASS and/or GPS (NAVSTAR) and includes: the reception of radio signals with frequencies F1 and F2 from navigation satellites, amplification and frequency selection, analog-to-digital conversion, generating estimates of the phase time τ_f(t_k) distribution of the signal, calculating a phase signal path (pseudorange) D_f(t_k)=τ_f(t_k m) by the well-known expressions.

The device includes: a receiving antenna that is connected to the input of dual-frequency radio navigation receiver, radio navigation receiver connected to the output of the reference oscillator and frequency synthesizer and to the input of analog-to-digital processor, an analog-to-digital processor connected to the output of the reference oscillator and frequency synthesizer and to the input of the transmitter phase path of the signal, the transmitter phase of the signal paths connected to the input of the transmitter of the total electron content of the ionosphere, which is connected to the output of the reference oscillator and frequency synthesizer and to the input of the output device information.

The disadvantage of this method and device are limited functionality, because the method allows to determine only the total electron content of the ionosphere and do not permit the assessment of high-altitude distribution of the electron concentration of the ionosphere, to determine the intensity of ionospheric irregularities in the conditions of the manifestations of diffusely and to make finding local regions with the electron concentration, different from the background, i.e. artificial ionospheric formations.

The closest in nature to the invention is a method of determining the parameters of the ionosphere, which is implemented in the device of dual-frequency signal is of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere [4] and includes: the reception of radio signals with frequencies F1 and F2 from navigation satellites, amplification and frequency selection, analog-to-digital conversion, generating estimates of the phase time τ_f(t_k) distribution of the signal, calculating a phase signal path (pseudorange) D_f(t_k)=τ_f(t_kand determining the current value of the total electron content of the ionosphere I(t_m), fluctuations in the total electron content of the ionosphere ΔI and calculation of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere β_andaccording to well-known expressions.

The main disadvantage of this method and device is the inability to make finding artificial ionospheric formations. However, in this method there is a technical possibility of selection from the navigation message information about the number and coordinates of the navigation satellites in orbit at the current time, which contributes to the location of the artificial ionospheric formations.

Objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method that allows finding artificial ionospheric formations.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the accuracy of the determination of the total electron content in terms of diffusely and obtaining complete information about the state of the ionosphere in a given direction, which will allow data-based information to make hell the rotation radio radar and radio navigation nominal operating frequency, the width of the signal spectrum, the parameters of antennas and power the radio.

Disclosure of inventions

For the development of the inventive method will first analyse the known method, implemented in the device of dual-frequency measurements of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere [4]. According to him, using dual-frequency signal receiver GPS/GLONASS receive electromagnetic waves emitted from the navigation satellites; on the basis of the vector evaluation of digital signals y(t_jconsisting of signals j=1...m visible navigation satellites, coming from a dual frequency receiver with step T_k=t_k-t_k-l=0,02 to calculate the phase propagation time τ_F1,2(t_k), the phase path of the signal D_F1,2(t_k)=τ_F1,2(t_k), total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere $I = \overset{}{I} + Δ I$ on the basis of the PES determine its mathematical expectation (mean value) $\overset{}{I}$ and standard deviation (SD) σ_ΔIafter which, according to the expression $β_{and /msub> = \frac{σ_{Δ I}}{\overset{}{I}} k}$ and $k = \sqrt{\frac{h_{e}}{\sqrt{π} l_{s}}}$ where h_e- equivalent thickness of the ionosphere, l_s- the characteristic scale of the inhomogeneities (200-1000 m) determine the value of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere β_and.

For direction finding artificial ionospheric formations using GPSr proposed method is implemented in several stages.

At the first stage, receiving electromagnetic signals from each of the navigation satellite, dual-frequency receiver are formed vector evaluation of digital signals corresponding to each of the j=1...m visible navigation satellites; and then, on the basis of the phase time distribution τ_F1,2(t_k) calculate the phase path of the signal D_F1,2(t_k)=τ_F1,2(t_kfor each j=1...m visible navigation satellites.

The second step is the determination of the total electron content of the ionosphere I, the mathematical expectation of the total electron content of the ionosphere $\overset{}{I}$ (mean values of total electron content) and standard deviation of the total electron content of the ionosphere σ_ΔI, and then determine the values of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere according to the $β_{and j} = \frac{σ_{Δ I}}{\overset{}{I}} k,$ and $k = \sqrt{\frac{h_{e} \cos e c α_{j}}{\sqrt{π} l_{s}}}$ where h_e- equivalent thickness of the ionosphere, l_s- the characteristic scale of the inhomogeneities (200-1000 m), α_j- the angle between the tangent to the Earth's surface at the point of location of the dual-frequency receiver and direction for j=1...m visible navigation satellites (figure 1, figure 2).

In the third stage, the comparison of the obtained values of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere β_{and j}- threshold β_{and then}. For threshold selection must consider that in the normal ionosphere intensity inhomogeneities is small and β_{and j}=0,1...1% [5], and in the us is the conditions of the t & e of the ionosphere, it can significantly increase [6, 7]: β_{and j}=1...20%. Based on this threshold level, it is advisable to select equal to β_{and then}=1%. After the comparison is the definition of all lines of the signal (with the number of navigation satellites and time parcels signal), which identified increased (β_{and j}≥β_{and then}intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere.

In the fourth stage on the basis of information about all lines of the signal, which identified increased (β_{and j}≥β_{and then}intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere, forming the sign of the presence of artificial ionospheric education. Then the information contained in the navigation message (number of navigation satellites, the time of sending the signal, the coordinates of the satellite in orbit) and the coordinates of the placement of dual-frequency receiver, determined by the positions at the beginning and end of the artificial ionospheric education. Thus, the obtained solid angle at a point where dual-frequency receiver will limit their faces artificial ionospheric education.

Thus, in four stages implemented proposed method of direction finding artificial ionospheric formations.

Brief description of drawings

Figure 1 shows the inhomogeneous ionosphere with equivalent thickness h and characteristic scale inhomogeneities (200-1000 m)l_s; route the signal is located at an angle α_jbetween the tangent to the Earth's surface at the point of location of the dual-frequency receiver and direction for j=1...m visible navigation satellites; figure 2 presents the route of the signal from j=1...m visible navigation satellites in different moments of time t=i,...n, and some of the tracks pass through artificial ionospheric education. Figure 3 shows the functional diagram of the device bearing artificial ionospheric formations that implements the proposed method.

The implementation of the invention

The structural scheme of the device that implements the proposed method is presented in figure 3. The structure of the device includes: a receiving antenna (1), dual-frequency receiver (2), a reference oscillator and a frequency synthesizer (3), analog-to-digital processor primary processing (4), the evaluation unit of the phase signal path (5), the computing unit total electron content of the ionosphere (6), the output device information (7), the unit for computing the standard deviation of the total electron content of the ionosphere (8), the unit for computing the mathematical expectation of the total electron content of the ionosphere (the average value of the total electron content) (9) and the computing unit intensity ambiguity is the ionosphere porodnostiu (10), the block threshold device (11), the block coordinates (12) and the unit direction finding (13).

The proposed method is implemented as follows.

Receiving antenna (1) receives electromagnetic waves emitted from the navigation satellites. From the output of the receiving antenna (1) voltage u_I(t) is fed to the input of dual-frequency receiver (2)for amplification and selection of received signals. Output dual frequency receiver (2) to the input of analog-to-digital processor primary processing (4) is the vector of evaluations of digital signals y(t_jconsisting of signals j=1...m visible navigation satellites. Reference oscillator and a frequency synthesizer (3) establishes the nominal operating frequency f₁and f₂the inputs of dual-frequency receiver (2), analog-to-digital processor primary processing (4) and computing unit total electron content of the ionosphere I (6). In analog-to-digital processor primary processing (4) implemented the search schema and tracking signal parameters. From the output of analog-to-digital processor (4) to the input of the computing unit of the phase signal path (5)that implements the algorithm D_F1,2(t_k)=cτ_F1,2(t_k) incrementsT_k=t_k-t_k-l=0,02, proceed to the evaluation phase propagation time τ_F1,2(t_k). From the output of the computing unit of the phase signal path (5) value is s D _F1,2(t_k) is fed to the input of the computing unit total electron content of the ionosphere $I = \overset{}{I} + Δ I (6)$ . Then from the output of the computing unit total electron content of the ionosphere I (6) estimates of the total electron content ( $I = \overset{}{I} + Δ I$ fed to the input of the unit for computing the standard deviation of the total electron content of the ionosphere σ_ΔI(8)where, according to the formula $σ_{Δ I} = {[\overset{}{{(I - \overset{}{I})}^{2}}]}^{1 / 2}$ operations occur alignment, squaring, averaging and square root extraction [8], and to the input of the computing unit mathematical ogidan is I the total electron content of the ionosphere $\overset{}{I}$ (mean values of total electron content) (9) [8]. From the output of the computing unit standard deviation of the total electron content of the ionosphere σ_ΔI(8) and the output of the computing unit of the mathematical expectation of the total electron content of the ionosphere $\overset{}{I}$ (9) the values of the standard deviation of the total electron content of the ionosphere σ_ΔIand the value of the mathematical expectation of the total electron content of the ionosphere $\overset{}{I}$ arrive at the inputs of the computing unit intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere β_and(10). In the computing unit of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere β_and(10) is determined by the value of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere according to the expression (2) $β_{and} = \frac{σ_{Δ I}}{\overset{}{I}} k$ where $k = \sqrt{\frac{h_{e} \cos e c α_{j}}{\sqrt{π} msub> l s}}$ . The calculated value is fed to the input of the pore device (11), which is compared to the value characteristic of the normal ionosphere and the selected threshold (β_{and then}=1%). In case does not exceed the threshold value calculated value is supplied to the output device information (7).

The values of intensity inhomogeneities in excess of the threshold level, is fed to the input of block coordinates (12), in which, according to the information contained in the navigation message is determined by the number NSV (m), transmitted signal and its coordinates on the orbit at the current time. This information is then passed to the block bearing (13). In block bearing (13) according to the information contained in the navigation message (number of navigation satellites, the time of sending the signal, the coordinates of the satellite in orbit), and the coordinates of the placement of dual-frequency receiver determines the azimuth and elevation of each NCA, after which there is the sorting of the results obtained by the azimuth and elevation of each NCA and the determination of the positions of the beginning and end of t & e, as well as the sector of finding the ERI. This information is displayed on the output device information (7).

Thus, in the developed device (Figure 3) on the basis of the greates the n intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere are determined by the positions of the beginning and end of the artificial ionospheric formations.

The present invention allows on the basis of the results of measurements of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere to determine the positions of the beginning and end of the artificial ionospheric formations, thus defining the area of location of the artificial ionospheric education.

List of used sources

1. Grodinsky G.P. Propagation of radio waves. Tutorial for Radiotekh. spec. higher education institutions. Ed. 2nd, Rev. and supplementary Moscow, "Above. school, 1975. - 280 S.

2. Pashentsev VP, Soldatov ME, Gakhov R.P. Effect of the ionosphere on the characteristics of the space communication systems: Monograph. - Moscow: Phys matlet, 2006. - 184 S.

3. RF patent for useful model №81340, publ. 10.03.2009.

4. RF patent for useful model №108150, publ. 10.09.2011.

5. Alpert AL Propagation of electromagnetic waves and the ionosphere. - M.: Nauka, 1972. - 563 S.

6. Afraimovich EL, Perevalova N.P. GPS monitoring of the upper atmosphere of the Earth. - Irkutsk, 2006. - 480 S.

7. Gershman B.N., Eruhimov L.M., Yashin UA Wave phenomena in the ionosphere and space plasmas. - M.: Nauka. 1984. - 392 S.

8. Smirnov, N.N., Fedosov V.P. Tsvetkov, F. W. Measurement of characteristics of random processes / Edited. edited VP Fedosov: Textbook. manual for schools. - M.: SCIENCE PRESS, 2004. - 64 S.

Method of direction finding artificial ionospheric formations, namely, that first receive the electromagnetic signal is from each of the navigation satellite, in dual-frequency receiver are formed vector evaluation of digital signals corresponding to each of the j=1...m visible navigation satellites; and then, on the basis of the phase time distribution τ_F1,2(t_k) calculate the phase path of the signal D_F1,2(t_k)=τ_F1,2(t_kfor each j=1...m visible navigation satellites, determine the total electron content of the ionosphere I, the mathematical expectation of the total electron content of the ionosphereand standard deviation of the total electron content of the ionosphere σ_ΔIthen determine the value of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere, characterized in that after the calculations compare the obtained values of intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere β_{and j}with the threshold β_{and then}value, determine all lines of the signal, which identified increased (β_{and j}≥β_{and then}intensity inhomogeneities in the ionosphere, forming the sign of the presence of artificial ionospheric education, according to information contained in the navigation message and coordinates placement of dual-frequency receiver determine the positions at the beginning and end of the artificial ionospheric education.