RussianPatents.com

For meteorological use (G01S13/95)

Method of obtaining ionogram

Method of obtaining ionogram

Invention relates to radio engineering, telecommunication, radar and can be used in systems for diagnosis of plasma phenomena in the Earth's ionosphere. The method of obtaining an ionogram includes, at each probing cycle, emitting a radio pulse in the form of a discrete-frequency signal (DFS) packet, which is a sequence of N pulses with a different frequency and the same duration from an array of fixed probing frequencies; receiving and measuring parameters of the reflected radio signal during propagation from the emitter to the receiver simultaneously and independently at each of the N frequencies of the DFS packet; readjusting the DFS frequencies to a new packet of DFS frequencies from the array of fixed probing frequencies, and emitting and receiving the reflected signal on the new DFS packet; successively selecting resetting the frequencies of the array of fixed probing frequencies with new DFS packets at each probing cycle until complete resetting of all frequencies in the array of probing frequencies over the time interval ΔTDFS=ΔT/N, where ΔT is the standard time for obtaining an ionogram.

Method of measuring ice thickness and determining properties of medium under ice and device therefor (versions)

Method of measuring ice thickness and determining properties of medium under ice and device therefor (versions)

Method comprises measuring the propagation time of electromagnetic waves to the surface and the ice layer and comparing the amplitude and phase of spectral components of the differential frequency signal, corresponding to the upper and lower surfaces, taking into account the thickness of the ice layer and attenuation of the electromagnetic waves. The difference in attenuation coefficients of electromagnetic waves in the ice layers on different water bodies is taken into account via preliminary calibration of the device, which is carried out with a fixed starting position of the carrier of the device and presence of water under the ice, by selecting a frequency-dependent function of converting the differential frequency signal in the device, until amplitudes of peaks of the spectrum of the differential frequency signal, which correspond to reflection of the electromagnetic waves from the upper and lower surfaces of the ice, are equal. The number of discrete readings of the frequency and the differential frequency signal is discretely reduced in proportion to the measured ice thickness while maintaining a fixed modulation frequency range. The device which carries out the method is based on a radio range finder. The device is characterised by a controlled frequency-dependent function of converting the differential frequency signal and presence of a device for receiving a reference signal.

Method of predicting hydrologic environment on obstruction-hazard parts of river

Method of predicting hydrologic environment on obstruction-hazard parts of river

Method comprises constructing a model of the investigated section based on electrophysical data; at selected obstruction-hazard sections of a river in the summer period, performing ground-penetrating radar investigation of the geometry of the bottom and thickness distribution of bottom deposits; in the prefreshet period, using ground-penetrating radar to determine snow depth of the river basin, as well as the structure and thickness of the ice cover of the river, by merging the obtained ground-penetrating radar data, predicting the hydrologic environment on obstruction-hazard parts of the river.

Remote determinations of sea surface level

Remote determinations of sea surface level

Radar is arranged at spacecraft to generate short constant-duration radio pulses for irradiation of sea surface to nadir and recording of reflected radio pulse. Reflected radio pulse leading front inclination is used to define the significant height of waves and distance from radiation source to undisturbed sea surface level. Additionally, sea surface is probed at incidence angle other than zero to record the reflected signal and to define the surface wind. Wave model is applied to define dominant wave length and velocity. Defined are asymmetry and excess distribution of sea surface elevation. Wave height, asymmetry and excess allowed for, said distance from radiation source to undisturbed sea surface level is corrected.

Remote determination of surface wind velocity

Remote determination of surface wind velocity

Spacecraft altimeter is used to irradiate water surface so that reflected signal can be registered. Radio pulse front is used to determine the surface wave significant height. Time of signal transmission to and from water surface defines a surface large-scale relief. Said relief is used to calculate surface stream field and to define wind velocity by reflected signal magnitude with due allowance for wave height and stream field effects on reflected signal.

Method for remote sounding of non-homogeneous atmosphere

Method for remote sounding of non-homogeneous atmosphere

Invention relates to meteorology and can be used to determine atmosphere transparency. Essence of the invention is as follows: sending to non-homogeneous atmosphere of light pulses of low duration. Echo signals are received. Correction of echo signals to a geometrical lidar factor is provided. Corrected signals are accumulated during the specified time interval depending on total distance of the section being tested. Light pulses are diverted at least at two points of a sounding route in a backward direction. In order to determine transparency of atmosphere, echo signals of pulses are measured at one and the same point of the sounding route before and after diversion. An atmosphere attenuation coefficient is determined as per received and accumulated echo signals.

Method of determining spatial distribution of ionospheric inhomogeneities

Method of determining spatial distribution of ionospheric inhomogeneities

Invention relates to radiophysical methods of investigating the ionosphere and is intended for determining spatial distribution of ionospheric inhomogeneities by a radar method using a linear FM ionosonde-radio direction-finder. The method includes probing the ionosphere with a broadband chirp signal; receiving the emitted chirp signal synchronously with transmission thereof; measuring the distance-frequency characteristics (DFC) and angular frequency characteristics (AFC) of all received signals (forward and scattered by ionospheric inhomogeneities); based on an ionospheric model and the measured DFC and AFC, calculating characteristics of the forward signal propagating on an arc of a large circle between the transmitter and the receiver; correcting the ionospheric model until the measured and calculated characteristics of the forward signal match; for the calculated ionospheric model and measurement data of the DFC and AFC of the scattered signal, calculating characteristics of the scattered signal until the measured and calculated data match and determining spatial distribution of ionospheric inhomogeneities based thereon.

System for radio probing atmosphere with packet transmission of meteorological information

System for radio probing atmosphere with packet transmission of meteorological information

System comprises an aerological radiosonde (ARS) and a base station, which is a radar station, wherein the ARS includes a unit for preflight preparation of the ARS, which consists of a preflight preparation panel and an ARS parameter monitoring and recording unit, wherein the preflight preparation panel is connected through the ARS parameter monitoring and recording unit by a bidirectional bus M1 to the inputs of an ARS microcontroller; the radar station includes packet remote information decoding unit and a unit for secondary processing of the remote information and outputting atmospheric meteorological parameter signals, wherein the unidirectional bus M2 of the transceiving device of the radar station is connected through the packet remote information decoding unit to the unit for secondary processing of the remote information and outputting atmospheric meteorological parameter signals, the output of which is the output of the system.

Artificial ionospheric formation direction-finding apparatus

Artificial ionospheric formation direction-finding apparatus

Method includes receiving electromagnetic signals from each navigation satellite, wherein a double-frequency receiver generates an evaluation vector of digital signals corresponding to each of the j=1…m visible navigation satellites; based on phase propagation times τph1,2(tk), calculating phase paths of the signal Dph1,2(tk)=cτph1,2(tk) for each of the j=1…m visible navigation satellites; determining full electronic content of the ionosphere I, mathematical expectation of the full electronic content of the ionosphere I ¯ and the mean-square deviation of the full electronic content of the ionosphere σΔI; determining the intensity of ionosphere irregularities; comparing the obtained values of the intensity of ionosphere irregularities βi j with a threshold βi thres; determining all signal passage lines on which high (βi j≥βi thres) intensity of ionosphere irregularities is determined; generating a feature for presence of an artificial ionospheric formations; based on the information contained in navigation messages and coordinates of the double-frequency receiver, determining the bearings of the beginning and end of the artificial ionospheric formation.

Gadget to measure sea wave parameters

Gadget to measure sea wave parameters

Invention relates to instrumentation and can be used in meteorology, navigation, oceanography, vessel and seaplane sea trials for estimation of wave roughness and computer-aided landing systems. This gadget comprises antenna 1, transceiver 2, Doppler signal amplifier 3, ADC 4 and computer 5 its second input being connected with gadget input 6 and first output connected with transceiver control input. Besides, the gadget is equipped with display 7 with input connected to second output of computer 5.

Device of determination of distance to ionosphere

Device of determination of distance to ionosphere

Device of determination of distance to ionosphere can be used in over-the-horizon radars and for research of a status of an air bed of Earth. The specified result is reached with the help of a synchroniser, a pulse transmitter, an antenna switch, an aerial, a receiver, a clock generator, a decoder, a block of secondary processing, an indicator, a peak selector, a variable line of delay, a block of fixing of a certain duration of a forward part of a signal, an analyser of the smallest range, an adder, a panel of delivery of a code of the delay, connected among themselves definitely.

Method for early detection of atmospheric vortices in clouds using noncoherent radar

Method for early detection of atmospheric vortices in clouds using noncoherent radar

Detection of cyclonic vortices in thunder clouds using noncoherent radar involves radar probing of the cloud at wavelength of 10 cm, determining reflectivity at given spatial points of the cloud environment, and displaying said data on the screen of a personal computer in form of a three-dimensional radar image of the cloud; the obtained image of the cloud is viewed from all sides on the background of the screen of the personal computer in dynamic mode, removing, during each view of the three-dimensional image, the external envelope which corresponds to a 2 dBZ drop in radar reflectivity; upon detecting a contour of the presumed cavity of the atmospheric vortex on the surface of the image, the image is viewed on the background of the screen of the personal computer and if the colour of the detected cavity matches that of the background of the screen of the personal computer, said cavity is identified as the cavity of the atmospheric vortex.

Radar method of determining parameters of large-scale wave on water surface

Radar method of determining parameters of large-scale wave on water surface

Radar method of determining parameters of a large-scale wave on a water surface using a radio altimeter involves emitting probing pulses vertically downwards towards the water surface (to the nadir), receiving probing pulses reflected from the water surface, recording their shape and determining the height of the large-scale wave on the water surface from the inclination of the leading edge of the reflected pulse. Measurements are taken using an aircraft-mounted compact satellite radio altimeter with a knife-edge beam directed along the direction of flight, and the inclination of the trailing edge of the reflected pulse, taking into account the altitude of the aircraft and the antenna beam width, is used to determine variance of the inclination of the large-scale wave along the direction of flight, and the average length of the surface wave along the flight direction is determined using the measured variance of inclination and height of the large-scale wave on the water surface.

Method for radar measurement of cloud and precipitation particle charge

Method for radar measurement of cloud and precipitation particle charge

In the disclosed method, the region of the atmosphere under investigation is simultaneously irradiated with an electromagnetic wave with wavelength λ1, which is not damped during propagation in the investigated medium, and a wave with length λ2, which is damped; reflected electromagnetic signals from two volumes lying within the investigated region are received; power of the electromagnetic signals reflected from the first and second volumes, as well as phase shift between said signals are measured separately and the measurement results are used to determine the cloud and precipitation particle charge of the investigated region using the formula:

Portable remote measuring device for parameters of oil layer spilled on water surface

Portable remote measuring device for parameters of oil layer spilled on water surface

Device includes two radiometric receivers of microwave range, which operate on frequencies corresponding to transparent windows of atmosphere. Each receiver includes an antenna, a polarisation switch, a high-frequency unit with a synchronous detector and corresponding control circuits. Measuring zones of radiometric receivers of microwave range are put in each other due to their corresponding arrangement on the load-carrying structure. At that, measuring zone of parameters of more high-frequency receiver is fully located inside the measuring zone of low-frequency receiver. Device also includes a two-coordinate inclination compass, a computer, a radiometric receiver of IR-range, a video camera, a GSM-modem, a GPS-receiver and a LED projector.

Method of adjusting output parameters of superregenerative transceiver of radiosonde

Method of adjusting output parameters of superregenerative transceiver of radiosonde

Invention relates to radio engineering and can be used to adjust sensitivity and relative position of the receiving and transmitting frequency of superregenerative transceivers of aerologic radiosondes operating as part of atmospheric radiosounding systems. Disclosed is a method of adjusting output parameters of a superregenerative transceiver of a radiosonde based on optimum selection of the feedback factor of the self-oscillator of the superregenerative transceiver, load resistor, resonance frequency of the oscillatory system, characterised by that when launching the self-oscillator of the superregenerative transceiver, a mode for self-excitation with a hard character of the transient process of establishing self-oscillations is provided, average current and supply voltage of the active device of the self-oscillator of the superregenerative transceiver are stabilised, pulsed current of the control electrode - base of the transistor of the active device of the self-oscillator is controlled, thereby establishing reception frequency relative the carrier frequency of the self-oscillations of the superregenerative transceiver; by adjusting the slope of the exponentially rising leading edge and pulse duration, the required level of sensitivity of the superregenerative transceiver is set.

Device for measuring vertical component of wind velocity for detecting wind shift

Device for measuring vertical component of wind velocity for detecting wind shift

Device for measuring the vertical component of wind velocity in order to detect wind shift has a wind shift detector, a transmitter, two receivers, two circulators, two antennae, a digital signal processor, an antenna angular position sensor, a cross-correlation function derivative computer, a device for determining the position of the minimum of the cross-correlation function derivative, a power divider, a differentiator, an adjustable delay unit, a multiplier, a low-pass filter and a low frequency amplifier.

Method of estimating accuracy of doppler radar wind profile

Method of estimating accuracy of doppler radar wind profile

Method of estimating accuracy of Doppler radar wind profile (DRWP) includes one radiosonde radar weather station, based on synchronous probing of the atmosphere by the DRWP and a standard meteorological apparatus (MA), where the speed and direction of wind are measured, the DRWP and MA obtain several results which are fed to a computer. The mean-square error of the DRWP in measuring speed and direction of wind is determined based on equal accuracy of measurements with given confidence probability. The disclosed invention is characterised by making the MA in form of two identical radiosonde radar weather stations, the wind speed and direction measurement results of each of which form the first outputs are fed to the second and third inputs of the computer where they are averaged. The difference in results is taken, transformation is performed and the accuracy of the DRWP in measuring speed and direction of wind is determined based on a corresponding mathematical relationship.

Method of determining sea ice draft and system to this end

Invention relates to marine hydrometeorology and may be used for determination of sea ice draft. Drifter equipped with transceivers of satellite communication and hydro acoustic navigation systems is used to define coordinates of ice fields. Displacement of ice field relative to reference points is tracked and displayed on monitor. Note here that potentially dangerous ice fields are revealed as well as approach distance and time store to make decision about their localisation. Said decision are made with due allowance of ice field thickness defined by sounding with the help of sonar mounted aboard the airship. Proposed system comprises drifter, producing offshore platform and sonar mounted on rigid-frame airship. Drifter is made up of telescopic cylindrical vessel made from Macrolon. Drifter top section accommodates aforesaid transceiver while it bottom section houses transceiver of hydro acoustic hardware. Said drifter operateds in ''call-reply'' mode and ''pinger'' mode (beacon). For reliable fixing of drifter in holes on ice surface, spacers made up of set of needle passages are made at top section of cylindrical vessel. Producing offshore platform is equipped with transceivers of aforesaid systems, antennas, navigation controller and software. Said sonar mounted aboard the airship serves to define ice field thickness.

Panoramic radar method of determining parameters of state of ocean surface layer from satellite

Panoramic radar method of determining parameters of state of ocean surface layer from satellite

Knife-edge beam of the antenna is rocked relative the vertical in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion and each probe pulse is used to illuminate a 14x355 km spot on the water surface (at altitude of 800 km). Reflected pulses are received using time gating on the range based on the Doppler shift sign to select in said 14x355 km spot elementary scattering cells (ESC) measuring, for example, 14x14 km. Using a synthesis procedure along the direction of motion of the satellite, the backscattering section is determined and the water surface slope dispersion in each ESC is reconstructed. Further, by selecting the azimuth angle, the water surface slope dispersion along said direction is reconstructed and, by analysing the azimuth dependency of slope dispersion in each ESC, the direction of wave propagation in each cell is determined. The speed of surface wind V in each ESC is determined using an algorithm obtained using a regression method. In a special case of the method, average values of the rough sea and wavelength of a big wave are also determined.

Method for remote measurement of wind speed and direction

Method for remote measurement of wind speed and direction

Reflector comprises a modulator-reflector 2, a system 3 of angle reflectors, a stabiliser 4 of plane of rotation of angle reflectors (a flag), a modulator support 5. The device to detect speed and direction of wind installed on a helicopter 6 comprises a transmitter 12, a duplexer 13, a transceiving antenna 14, receiving antennas 15 and 16, amplifiers 17, 22 and 23 of high frequency, a heterodyne 18, a mixer 19, an intermediate frequency amplifier 20, a meter 21 of amplitude modulation depth, multipliers 24, 25, 28, 36 and 38, bandpass filters 26 and 27, narrow band filters 29 and 37, a delay line 30, a phase detector 31, a phase meter 32 and 33, a reference generator 35, kinematically connected to a motor of the helicopter 34, a meter 39 of Doppler frequency and a processor 40.

Method of monitoring vertical distribution of ionospheric electron concentration

Method of monitoring vertical distribution of ionospheric electron concentration

Group consisting of not less than two satellites lying in the same orbit plane is formed such that zones of mutual radio-visibility of the satellites are within the ionosphere. Not less than two coherent electromagnetic waves at different frequencies are emitted from at least one satellite. The phase difference between these electromagnetic waves after passing through the ionosphere is recorded on at least one satellite. The full electron content of the ionosphere on the propagation path of the waves is determined from the obtained phase difference value.

Method of determining absolute ion concentration of earth's ionosphere

Method of determining absolute ion concentration of earth's ionosphere

Method involves transmitting coherent radiation from a low-orbit man-made earth satellite and measuring phase delays of the radiation wavefront after passing through the earth's ionosphere, where coherent narrow-band radiation is simultaneously transmitted from the man-made earth satellite at three frequency bands with central frequencies - 150, 400 and 2844 MHz. Two mutual phase delays Δφ12 and Δφ13 and signals 150-400 MHz and 150-2844 MHz are simultaneously measured and the full electron concentration is calculated from the difference in delay using the following relationship: where n1=3, n2=8, ε=40.3, f0=5.556 MHz, c is the speed of light, and the values x12 and x13 are determined from the integral relationship for known values of n1 and n2.

Method of determining velocity field of air mass via high-resolution doppler analysis

Method of determining velocity field of air mass via high-resolution doppler analysis

Disclosed is a method for spectral analysis of a remotely discretised periodic radio signal using a latticed autoregressive Burg filtration algorithm, through which fundamental frequencies of the received signal are determined for each group of distances by determining the optimum set of reflection coefficients µn of the signal. Reflection coefficients are the object of regulation for the purpose of limiting instability of the numerical solution of calculations. The regulated coefficients are used to estimate the current order of the identification model of the lattice filter and to determine fundamental frequencies of the signal by calculating independent variables of complex roots of a polynomial which displays the transfer function of the lattice filter. For each group of distances, it is determined which of the fundamental frequencies is the Doppler frequency of the air mass for that group. The method also includes spatial smoothing of reflection coefficients before determining the current order of the model and looking for the root of the polynomial. The disclosed method can be used for high-resolution spectral analysis when it has to be executed based on a small number of signal samplings.

Method of determining ionosphere characteristics and device for realising said method

Method of determining ionosphere characteristics and device for realising said method

Radio signals are received from navigation satellites at two coherent frequencies F1 and F2. Pseudo-ranges DF1 and DF2 to the navigation satellite, measured at frequencies F1 and F2 respectively are determined from the received radio signals. The obtained values are used to calculate the difference between pseudo-range values ΔD12. The full electron concentration Le along the "satellite-ground" point route is determined. Electron concentration of the ionosphere N(z) in the region for measuring the altitude profile is determined. Phase values ψF1 and ψF2 of the received radio signals are measured. The difference between pseudo-ranges ΔD12 is determined taking into account phase values ψF1 and ψF2 of the received radio signals. An iterative procedure for solving the inverse problem is applied, where the said procedure is based on using a method of conjugate gradients and a priori information on the background state of the ionosphere to determine electron concentration of the ionosphere N(z) in the region for measuring the altitude profile. The device for determining electron concentration of the ionosphere has an antenna for receiving radio signals from navigation satellites, the output of which is connected to the input of a double-frequency receiver of satellite navigation systems of the GLONASS and/or GPS type. The device also has a processing and display unit whose input is connected to the output of the double-frequency receiver. The processing and display unit is adapted to determine said parameters.

Method for complex target location

Method for complex target location

Method for complex target location is based on emitting high-frequency pulses using optical and radio band channels, where said signals are emitted synchronously and have the same duration. The novelty lies in that the known scattering matrix of the target or known scattering matrix of the underlying surface of the target is used to generate probing signals with variable polarisation, contrast of the located space is determined from the reflected signal, polarisation is changed until maximum contrast signals of the target are obtained in both location channels, from which the coordinates and type of the target are determined.

Method of measuring attenuation of radar radiation by clouds and precipitations

Method of measuring attenuation of radar radiation by clouds and precipitations

In order to determine the value of attenuation of radar radiation in a test cloud medium, the cloud medium is probed at given radiation frequency. The reflected signal is received, during processing of which the distance to the imaginary plane passing through the maximum radar echo is determined and dimensionless amplitude is determined. The value of the maximum dimensionless amplitude of the radar radiation is then calculated from the measurement results of parametres of the reflected signal. Further, coherent signal processing employed. The extent of projections of envelops on the axis of distances in each semi-interval is then determined from the screen of the radar. The value of attenuation of the radar radiation is then determined.

Method of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of single-position ionosonde

Method of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of single-position ionosonde

Method of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of radioelectronic apparatus of a single-position ionosonde can be used in radio-wave vertical sounding equipment for diagnosing and monitoring ionospheric plasma layers. A linearly probing frequency-modulated signal with continuous variation of frequency in the working region of the ionosonde is generated. Centres of receiving and transmitting antennae are spaced out in the region of intense fall of the field of the transmitting antenna. The maximum operating power of the transmitter is determined in the following sequence: the minimum radiation power of the transmitter is measured, above which sections affected by noise from the transmitter begin to appear on the ionogram, and the maximum operating power of the transmitter which is not exceeded when using the ionosonde is calculated.

Method of determining values of intensity of ionosphere irregularities from vertical probing data

Method of determining values of intensity of ionosphere irregularities from vertical probing data

Ionosphere vertical probing data are collected and values of current height of reflection are determined on each probing frequency. The obtained data are sorted according to frequency - each probing frequency corresponds to all values of current height of reflection from which the wave was reflected. The obtained data are sorted according to height - each value of height of reflection corresponds to all frequency values on which reflection took place at the given height. The average value of critical frequency of reflection corresponding to each height of reflection is determined. The average values of the frequency of reflection on neighbouring heights of reflection are successively compared, starting with the first, wherein when the difference between two average values of frequency of reflection at neighbouring heights becomes less than half the adjustment step, the average value of critical frequency is determined. The current height of reflection corresponding to the average value of critical frequency is determined. The mean-square deviation value of the critical frequency is calculated. The value of intensity of ionosphere irregularities is determined.

Radar energy potential correction method

Radar energy potential correction method

Along with an existing real radar channel, a virtual reference channel with a given radar energy potential value is formed, as well as a calibration target in form of a virtual cloud medium with an invariably known level of radar reflectivity. When correcting the radar energy potential, the cloud medium is probed, from which the distance to the analysed local volume of the cloud is determined and the projection of the envelope of the video pulse on the axis of the distance in the real and reference channels respectively is found. Further, the difference in electromagnetic density of the cloud medium between the virtual reference and real channels is found using a calculation method. The radar energy potential is then corrected by determining its true value using the corresponding formula.

Device for measuring vertical component of wind velocity for wind shift detector

Device for measuring vertical component of wind velocity for wind shift detector

Measurement device has a transmitter, a first and a second receiver, a circulator, a first and a second antenna with a common drive, a digital signal processor designed for calculating the vertical component of wind velocity, an antenna angular position sensor, a cross-correlation function calculation device, a device for determining the maximum of the cross-correlation function, a power splitter and an extra circulator connected in a certain way.

Computerised radar system for storm warning and active control over clouds

Computerised radar system for storm warning and active control over clouds

Proposed system comprises computer, radar controller, antenna bearing and inclination drive control unit, radar signals processing unit with CAN-bus data exchange, and antenna angular position transducer that allows high accuracy of obtained radar data over 360-degree sectors, 400 rage channels and preset number of inclination angles. Storm warning unit incorporates computer producing series of weather maps, device to encode the latter in International codes FM-94 BUFR and FM-20 and channels to transmit the data into storm warning circuit and input them into computerised air traffic control system.

Simultaneous dual polarisation radar set

Simultaneous dual polarisation radar set

Versions of the proposed radar sets enable transmission and reception of horizontally and vertically polarised signals at the same time. The simultaneous dual polarisation radar set employs a radio frequency power divider instead of high-speed switches of two polarisation directions used in modern dual polarisation radar sets. Critical components of the receiver at the base of the radar set are moved higher than a rotating elevation connector. A bypass switch is also used to switch modes of the radar set, as well as a special structure for receiving signals with two polarisation directions, which enables efficient collection of data on depolarisation coefficients for selected atmospheric regions.

Two-channel null radiometre

Two-channel null radiometre

Proposed radiometre comprises matched load, first and second noise generators, attenuator, HF modulator, antenna, first and second directed couplers, first and second receivers, first and second LF preamplifiers, first and second homodyne filters, first and second LF amplifiers, first and second HF filters, LF and HF modulators, comparator connected, on one side, with radiometer common bus, control unit, dynamic integrator with its output making radiometer digital bus, and first and second current sources. Note here that matched load, first and second directed couples, first and second noise generators, first and second current sources, attenuator and HF modulator are arranged on temperature-controlled p.c.b. and stay in thermal contact therewith.

Method of determining propagation speed and direction of arrival of ionospheric disturbance

Method of determining propagation speed and direction of arrival of ionospheric disturbance

Invention relates to radiophysics and can be used in missile defense systems and airspace monitoring. Time series of complete electronic content obtained from measurements of double frequency receivers of satellite radio navigation systems GLONASS/GPS, which form an extended reception array, are filtered to separate variations corresponding to response of the ionosphere to effect of a source. Hypotheses of direction of arrival and speed of propagation values of a plane front of ionospheric disturbance are verified by forming a directional pattern of the reception array and its scanning in the given "direction of arrival - propagation speed" scan sector through synthesis of an output signal of the reception array with coherent summation of variations of series of complete electronic content of separate elements of the array with time shifting, calculated from verified values of propagation speed and direction of arrival of ionospheric disturbance and distance traversed by the front of ionospheric disturbance between elements of the reception array in the verified direction inside the spherical sphere of the ionosphere of the Earth. Correctness of the verified hypothesis and detection of inospheric disturbance is indicated by the total signal exceeding a given threshold value. Corresponding values of direction of arrival and phase speed of propagation of the ionospheric disturbance are estimated values.

Method of measurement of cloud environment reflectance

Method of measurement of cloud environment reflectance

There performed is the following: radar probing of cloud at specified length of wave, receiving of signal reflected from local explored area of environment and signal display at radar screen in shape of envelope curve with further incoherent processing of this signal by means of measurement of maximum amplitude of curve (ZR) and distance (R) to this amplitude. Then according to results of incoherent processing of signal, maximum range of instrument contact (Rmax.1) is determined. After this coherent processing of video signal is performed in addition and thus maximum range of instrument contact (Rmax.2) and corrective multiplier (K) are determined as ratio of obtained values Rmax.1 and Rmax.2. Then geometrical way (Rmax.g) as product of obtained value Rmax.1 by corrective multiplier (K) and true value of radar reflectance are determined by formula

Method of measurement of electro-magnetic density of cloud environment

Method of measurement of electro-magnetic density of cloud environment

Invention may be used for determination of electro-magnetic density of cloud environment in order to determine physical characteristics of environment. The following is performed: radar probing of cloud at specified length of wave, receiving of signal reflected from local explored area of environment and signal display at radar screen in shape of envelope curve with further incoherent processing of this signal by means of measurement of maximum amplitude of curve (ZR) and distance (R) to this amplitude. Then according to results of incoherent processing of signal, maximum range of instrument contact (Rmax.1) is determined. After this coherent processing of video signal is performed in addition by means of simulation of local motion of explored area along range axis. Then according to ratio of video signal parametres before and after motion, maximum range of instrument contact (RMAX.2) is determined. After this determination of geometrical way (Rmax.g) corresponding to maximum range of instrument contact (RMAX.2) and electro-magnetic density of cloud environment (D) corresponding to it is performed by formula

Method of remote detection of radioactive emissions in atmosphere

Method of remote detection of radioactive emissions in atmosphere

Method relates to radio engineering measurings of parameters of ionosphere by method of incoherent dispersion with Faraday effect use, and can be used for electron concentration definition in the given stratum of ionospheric plasma which depends on presence and concentration of radioactive impurities in observable band of atmosphere, for example, over atomic power station. The effect is reached by inhibition of false signals (noises) accepted on intermodulation channels and channel of direct passage.

Method of defining meteorological parameters

Method of defining meteorological parameters

Current values of a true wind, atmospheric pressure, temperatures and humidity of air, height of the bottom border of clouds and meteorological visibility range are determined. Meteorological parameters are forecasted at the observation points spaced apart to reveal dangerous and especially dangerous phenomena. Said points of observation are equipped with a meteoradar apart from the other equipment. In analysing the content of abnormal values, hydro meteorological information from meteorological artificial satellites is additionally used. The forecast of meteorological parameters is executed by constructing a semiempirical model of fluctuations of streams and disturbances depending upon wind speed, direction and duration at least three high-altitude echelons. In forecasting the dangerous and especially dangerous phenomena, additive parameters distribution charts are plotted and the phenomena, defined by distribution of abnormal values of additive parameters are identified. The content of abnormal values is analysed by comparison of the measured meteorological parameters at each observation point. The change of increments of parameters in time allows determining the direction of movement of the dangerous phenomena. Note here that the measured meteorological parameters obtained with the help of meteorological station with greater meteorological potential are taken to be reference values.

Radio-technical whirlwind detection method

Radio-technical whirlwind detection method

Non-coherent meteorological (NMR) or Doppler radar (DMR) is used, interfaced with a radiometer, designed for determining water content of clouds. Simultaneously a metre-wave band radar set (RSMETRE) is used for detecting electrical processes in clouds in form of ionised lightning channels, as well as a device for directional reception of electromagnetic radiation of electrical discharges (RD EMR) arising in the clouds. In that case if there is simultaneous detection of azimuth sectors of radio echo of clouds using NMR (DMR) with the upper boundary of the radio echo exceeding 9-10 km and the vertical profile of the maximum radar reflectivity with height of up to 7-8 km; high intensity of lightning activity (lightning after every 5 seconds or less); constant reflection zones in the cloud, detected by RSMETRE; large values of water content in the cloud zone at height of over 8-9 km relative the lower lying heights; electrical discharges, fixed by RD EMR , in the azimuth sector near to the azimuth sector where there is high water content relative lower lying heights; then in that case it can be considered that, there is a whirlwind in the cloud.

Method for radioacoustic measurement of charge of aerosol particles in atmosphere

Method for radioacoustic measurement of charge of aerosol particles in atmosphere

An acoustic radar with known characteristics (w-the power; f-the frequency of the acoustic wave; τ- the length of the sounding acoustic pulse; Θ-the width of the directional patter of the acoustic radar aerial) excites mechanical vibrations of atmospheric air with a subsequent recording of the electric field strength that is a response of the charged aerosol particles to the acoustic action, and the charge of the aerosol particles of the unit volume is determined according to a definite formula.

Radar detector of electron concentration in vicinity of nuclear power station

Radar detector of electron concentration in vicinity of nuclear power station

Proposed device designed for metering ionosphere parameters by way of incoherent dissipation using Faraday effect has control unit, polarization control unit, controlled-polarization antenna, receiver, analog-to-digital computer, display, and time delay unit.

Method for optimal avoidance of thunderstorm

Method for optimal avoidance of thunderstorm

The method provides the shortest recommended displayed way of thunderstorm avoidance at provision of probability to get into the area of a direct action of probable lightnings in the stage of avoidance of thunderstorm not higher than the allowable one preset beforehand. The criterion of the optimum condition may be used also at a desire to avoid of getting into the areas of a high circum lightning turbulence.

Method for determining electromagnetic signal source position

Method for determining electromagnetic signal source position

Method involves determining center coordinates and estimating its location zone radius by applying statistical treatment (with mean and standard deviation being calculated) to mobile telephone positioning data in cases of communication disturbance caused by noise.

Method for determining distance from upper-air radio probe

Method for determining distance from upper-air radio probe

In accordance to invention, ground-based radiolocation station is used to dispatch query signal to an upper-air radio-probe, which, by means of ultra-regenerative transmitter-receiver is amplified and reemitted towards radiolocation station, where query and response signals are compared, delay times between them are determined and, on basis of delay time, distance to upper-air radio probe is determined. As query signal, coherent query radio impulses are used, which synchronize the radio impulse phase of ultra-regenerative transmitter-receiver. Comparison of query and response signals is realized by means of a phase detector.

Arrangement for definition of the state of atmosphere

Arrangement for definition of the state of atmosphere

They define the vector of the readings of correlation function in equidistant intervals of time, the moments of spectral density of the power of the complex signal on the basis of which mean square deviation of the speed of wind. The arrangement has a synchronizer (1), a starting block (2), a transmitter (3), a circulator (4), an antenna (5), a control block (6), a receiver (7), a strobing block (8), an analogue- digital transformer (9), a memory block (10), an indication block (23),a block of calculation of correlation function of the complex signal (11), a block of calculation of a zero moment of the spectral density of the power of the complex signal (12), a block of calculation of the first moment of the spectral density of the power of the complex signal (13), a block of calculation of the second moment of the spectral density of the complex signal (14), the first division block (15), the second division block (16), the first multiplication block (17), the second multiplication block (20), a subtraction block(18), a generator of scaled coefficient (19), a block of calculation of square root (21), a comparison block (22), a bus-bar of data transmitting (24).

Mode of dtetection with the aid of an incoherent meteorological radar of atmospheric fields with high level of turbulence

Mode of dtetection with the aid of an incoherent meteorological radar of atmospheric fields with high level of turbulence

According to the mode it is necessary to radiate periodically radio impulses of a incoherent meteorological radar in the researched field, to receive signals reflected from meteorological particles present in the researched field, to define the amplitude of the received summary signal, to calculate the correlation function of the amplitude in time points between whom intervals are multiple to the period of repetition of radio impulses, to measure an average quadratic deviation of the speed of wind on the basis of the relation where σw - an average quadratic deviation of the speed of wind; λ- a working length of the incoherent meteorological radar; -the value of a zero moment of spectral density of power; - the value of the second moment of spectral density of power; k=(K(Tr ), K(2Tr), K(NTr)) - the vector of the readings of the correlation function of the amplitude of received signal in the time points between whom intervals are multiple to the period of repetition of radio impulses; K(nTr) -the value of the correlation function in a time point nTr; Tr - a period of repetition of radiated radio impulses; N - a number of time points of the reading of the correlation function; T - an operator of transposing; H -an operator of hermitian conjugation; gp, p=0,1,2 -the vector equal to the (p+1)column of the matrix G=A(AHA)-1, where A - a matrix of the size NxN; -an element of the matrix A standing at the intersection of m-line and n-column, m,n=1,2, ,N. They compare the average quadrature deviation of the speed of wind with the installed threshold level σwnop and at σw≥σwnop make deduction about availability of presence of increased turbulence in the researched field of atmosphere.

Arrangement for definition of atmosphere state

Arrangement for definition of atmosphere state

The arrangement has a synchronizer (1), a starting unit (2), a transmitter (3), a circulator (4), an antenna (5), a control unit (6), a receiver (7), a strobing unit (9), an analogue-digital converter (10), a memory block (11), an indication block (20), an amplitude detector (8), a block of calculation of a zero moment (12), a block of calculation of the vector of the readings of correlation function (13), a block of calculation of the second moment (14), a division block (15), a multiplication block (16), a block of calculation of square root (17), a generator of a scaled coefficient (18), a comparison block (19).

Mode of definition of the width of the spectral density of power of radio signals of coherent meteorological radar

Mode of definition of the width of the spectral density of power of radio signals of coherent meteorological radar

According to the mode it is necessary to radiate periodically radio impulses into the researched field of atmosphere, to receive radio signals reflected from meteorological particles, to separate coherent and quadrature components of received radio signals reflected from meteorological particles, to form a complex signal uniting coherent and quadrature components of received radio signals reflected from meteorological particles, to calculate the correlation function of the complex signal. The indicated function is calculated in time points the intervals between whom are multiple to the period of repetition of radio signals. The width of the spectral density of power of the radio signals of the coherent meteorological radar reflected from meteorological particles is defined according to the relation: , where ΔF - the width of spectral density of power of the radio signals of the coherent meteorological radar; - the value of a zero moment of spectral density power; - the value of the first moment of spectral density of power; -the value of the second moment of spectral density of power; k=(K(Tr), K(2Tr), K(NTr) - the vector of the readings of correlation function of the complex signal in time points the interval between whom are multiple to the period of repetition of radio impulses; K(nTr) - the value of the correlation function in a time point nTr ; Tr - the period of repetition of radiated radio impulses; N - the number of time points of the reading of the correlation function; T - an operator of transposing; H - an operator of hermetian interfacing; gp, p=0,1,2 - the vector equal to the column(p+1)of the matrix : G=A(AHA)-1, where A - the matrix of the size NxN: -an element of the matrix: A, standing at the intersection of m line and n column, m,n=1,2,N. EFFECT: increases accuracy of measuring the width of the spectral density of power of the signals of a coherent meteorological radar and by this the quality of detection in atmosphere of the zones of increased turbulence.

Method of measuring size of hail's particles

Method of measuring size of hail's particles

Sizes of hail particles are measured by means of two-wave meteorological radar. Radio location probing of atmosphere is carried out within area of precipitation. Radio location reflectivity is determined at wavelengths of 3,2 cm and 10 cm, which equals to η3,2 and η10. Sizes of hail particles is calculated by relation of d3=4,54(η3,2/η10) -0,502, where 4,54 and -0,502 are empiric coefficients. Path of melting of hail particles is determined by radio location method when particles move in atmosphere from zero isotherm level down - H (km). Sizes of hail particles to be found is determined by multiplication of calculated value d3 by correcting multiplier K, found from relation of K=Ha(η3,2/η10)bH, where a=-0,247 and b=0,055.

Another patent 2551120.

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