Building material. RU patent 2520330.

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention proposes a building material obtained by preparing a mixture of caustic magnesite and expanded vermiculite with bulk density of 90 to 250 kg/m³ by adding effective amount of water solution of magnesium chloride with density of 1120÷1290 kg/m³; amount of expanded vermiculite is 38.4÷217 kg on a one cubic metre basis; amount of caustic magnesite is 128÷217 kg on a one cubic metre basis, and volumetric ratio of caustic magnesite and expanded vermiculite is 1:3÷4:5.

EFFECT: enlarging the range of materials for load-carrying structures, reducing specific mass, increasing strength, thermal conductivity, acoustic insulation, a section of half absorption for gamma- and X-ray radiation.

7 cl, 2 tbl

The invention relates to the construction industry in particular to the manufacture of parts used in the construction of buildings and structures, including bricks, blocks, lintels for window coverings and door openings etc.

THE LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

Known for dry building mixes on the basis of Portland cement, clay and lime (see the relevant state standards). These materials provide satisfactory strength of construction and decoration elements, but have a low resistant and high specific weight.

To reduce specific mass and improving heat-insulating properties of the material can form a gas pores. However, gazonapolnitel materials on the basis of Portland cement, clay and lime, as a rule, leads to a critical decrease in their strength, increase of moisture absorption, reduced frost resistance (see, for example, CD Nekrasov, MG Maslennikova. Light heat resisting concrete with porous aggregates. M., 1982, stroiizdat, s-125; I.L. Maizel, Sandler V.G. Technology thermal insulation materials: Textbook. to train workers on the ol ve. - M: The High. SHK., 1988). Gas-filled materials can be successfully used for heat and sound insulation, installation of decorative walls, but their use for the manufacture of loaded elements of building structures impractical.

The strength of porous materials and materials with light fillers can be increased through the use of a range of well-known approaches, for example, by replacing the traditional binders magnesia cement, having higher compressive strength and Flexural and other benefits, such as the dimensional stability and high turnover.

Additional durability increase can be achieved due to use of high-strength porous particles, especially particles with a high coefficient of neravnomernosti (porous fibre), which has a reinforcing effect.

From the description of the RF patents for inventions№2076082, 2230713, 2126776, 223325, 2222508 and 2399598, from the description of the patent of the Russian Federation for useful model №87725 and monographs Schulze Century, Tiser Century, Ettal VP Mortars and concretes on nizmennyh binders, 1990, various materials on the basis of a magnesia binder and filler.

The disadvantage of this material lies in the fact that excessive amount of filler does not allow to make of them loaded constructions.

From the description of the patent of the Russian Federation for useful model №51911 famous wall material containing magnesia cement and filler - sawdust.

Disadvantages closest analogue, impede the achievement of the following technical result consists in the low limit bending strength, a relatively high thermal conductivity (0,34 W/m2 ·K), relatively low sound insulation and a relatively low cross-section of the half-value relative to gamma - and x-rays. During construction elements made of known material, have relatively low surface quality.

However, despite the known approaches to the elimination of certain shortcomings of the above materials, the search for specific formulations that meet all the requirements usually made for the materials of this kind (the density, water absorption, permeability, frost resistance, durability, strength, crack resistance, processability, machinability, low thermal conductivity and others), still represents a challenge.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention consists in expanding the assortment of materials for bearing building constructions, which surpasses known materials on the basis of a magnesia binder, fillers on a combination of characteristics such as specific mass, strength, heat conductivity, soundproofing and cross section of the half-value for the gamma and x-ray radiation.

The technical result of the invention consists in the fact that by applying the selection of qualitative and quantitative composition of the material, not only solved the above problem, but and the opportunity to eliminate the difference in the coefficients of temperature deformation of a material constructions and joints due to the fact that the joints can be made of a material of the same composition, which joined the elements.

The above problem is solved due to the fact that the building material produced by zatvorenii mixture of caustic magnesite and swollen vermiculite with bulk density from 90 to 250 kg/m 3 effective quantity of an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride density 1120 to 1290 kg/m 3 , the number of swollen vermiculite is 38,4% to 217 kg per 1 m 3 , number of caustic magnesite is 128% to 217 kg per 1 m 3 , and volumetric ratio of caustic magnesite and swollen vermiculite is 1:3 to 1:5.

In one of the preferred form of the particle size of swollen vermiculite is less than 20 mm, preferably less than 10 mm, especially preferably less than 5.0 mm

In another preferred form perform volume concentration of magnesium chloride are chosen to match the density of aqueous solution in a mixture pasty consistency 1120 to 1290 kg/m 3 .

In another preferred form of execution material given the shape of the panel, block, bricks, beams.

In one of the preferred forms of execution obtained by moulding under pressure.

In another preferred form of execution material contains metal or plastic mesh.

To further strengthening the material may contain metal fittings.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

To get a test sample used caustic magnesite PMK-75, GOST 1216-87 in the amount of 128% to 217 kg per 1 m 3 of the material, swollen vermiculite GOST 12865-67 in the number of 38.4% to 217 kg and shut saturated with water solution of magnesium chloride (bischofite) according to GOST 7759-73 with density 1195 to 1200 kg/m 3 . Volumetric ratio of magnesite and swollen vermiculite is selected depending on the desired strength and thermal conductivity of the material.

For tests have produced three prototype, in the first sample used swollen vermiculite with the bulk weight of 100 kg/m 3 and the minimum standard input of vermiculite in the final product, in the second sample used swollen vermiculite in bulk weight of 200 kg/m 3 and a maximum rate of input of vermiculite in the final product. For making a third of the sample used swollen vermiculite in bulk weight of 150 kg/m 3 and average rate of input 92,4 kg

Liquid mortar is poured into forms and allow to dry for 3 days. So manufactured bars 250 x 250 x 30 mm are tested.

Below is the table of comparative data strength, density and thermal conductivity.

Results of tests

# example

Strength δ SG MPa

Density kg/m 3

Thermal conductivity W/m 2 ·°

The results of tests and comparative characteristics of known materials and material on the invention presented in table 1.

Comparison of the known properties of construction materials and material on invention

The name of the physical properties

Group wall materials

A ceramic and silicate brick

The claydite-concrete

Aerated concrete

Gazosilikatnye blocks

Vermicultivation

Material on invention

Compressive strength, MPA

7,5% to 15,0

5,0% to 10,0

5,0% to 7,5

2,5 to 3,5

2,7% to 6,0

15% to 25

Bending strength, MPA

1,5 to 3,0

0,8% to 1,7

1,4% to 1,7

0,9% to 2

more than 3.5

Density kg/cm 3

1200 to 1800

800 to 1000

300 to 600

490 to 700

Thermal conductivity, W/m*K

0,52% to 0,86

0,21% to 0,33

0,14% to 0,23

The resistance,% per day

from 6-8

up to 45

up to 25

up to 12

Frost resistance in cycles

35% to 50

20% to 35

up to 40

25 to 35

more than 50

Fire - resistance

Soundproofing, DB

19% to 25

27 to 30

Radiation protection

delays X rays and gamma rays

Note: comparative properties of materials in table 2 is stated in accordance with the monographs CD Nekrasov, MG Maslennikova. Light heat resisting concrete with porous aggregates. M., 1982, stroiizdat, s-125; I.L. Maizel, Sandler V.G. Technology thermal insulation materials: Textbook. to train workers on the ol ve. - M: The High. SHK., 1988; and Schulze Century, Tiser Century, Ettal VP Mortars and concretes on nizmennyh binders, 1990.

As follows from table 2, panel by thickness of 20 cm, made of a building material according to the invention, provides thermal insulation, corresponding to a brick wall thickness of 1.5 m or concrete wall thickness of 2 m

1. Building material, which is characterized by the fact that he received zatvorenii mixture of caustic magnesite and swollen vermiculite with bulk density from 90 to 250 kg/m 3 effective quantity of an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride density 112 to 1290 kg/m 3 , the number of swollen vermiculite is 38,4% to 217 kg per 1 m 3 , number of caustic magnesite is 128% to 217 kg per 1 m 3 , and volumetric ratio of caustic magnesite and swollen vermiculite is 1:3 to 1:5.

2. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of particles of swollen vermiculite is less than 20 mm, preferably less than 10 mm, especially preferably less than 5.0 mm

3. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume fraction of magnesium chloride are chosen to match the density of aqueous solution in a mixture pasty consistency 1120 to 1290 kg/m 3 .

4. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is given a form of panels, blocks, bricks, beams.

5. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is obtained by moulding under pressure.

6. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a metal or plastic mesh.

7. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains metal fittings.