Pulse generator based on inductive energy storage unit with magnetic coupling

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: pulse generator based on inductive energy storage unit with magnetic coupling contains power supply source, the first controllable key, the second controllable key, primary winding of inductive energy storage unit, control lock, the third controllable key, load, electromagnetic screen, commutator switch, secondary winding of inductive energy storage unit, which is made in the form of N identical one-turn coil sections, inductive energy storage unit is made in the form of N turn cylindrical or toroidal spiral of two wires placed coaxially, at that internal wire forms N turn primary winding, while external wire is made as series-connected, identical and insulated tubular elements located along the axis common internal and external wires so that they form each turn for secondary winding section.

EFFECT: preventing losses of accumulated energy.

2 cl, 2 dwg

The invention relates to the field of a powerful high-current pulsed electrical engineering, and more particularly to devices for generating powerful (terrawatts) pulses of nanosecond duration.

From the achieved level of technology there are various ways of solving the tasks to improve the efficiency o energy accumulated in the inductive energy storage with transformer coupling, in the load (Iphoneman. Analysis of the transformer circuit of the inductive energy storage. Proceedings of the MEI, VIP, 1963 p.21-24; SU # 1029402, BUT, 1983; RU №2143172, S1, 1999; RU №2161857, C1 2001 and others). However, the problem associated with the fact that at the conclusion of the accumulated energy from the secondary winding to the load voltage on the primary winding increases M times, where M is the ratio of turns of the primary and secondary windings, specialists in this area have not been adequately addressed. Apparently this is due to the fact that known from the prior art electromagnetic screens (Gladen. Electromagnetic screens in high-frequency technology. SEI, M., 1957) may not be used for shielding the primary winding of the inductive energy storage transformer connection.

As the prototype was taken to the pulse generator for inductive energy storage transformer connection, including the power source, the managed key of an inductive energy storage device, aderrasi primary winding, N-sectional secondary winding, two groups of contactors N pieces each, N breakers and inductive load, the power source through a managed key connected with the primary winding of the inductive energy storage, the beginning of each section of the secondary winding of the inductive energy storage device connected to the first output corresponding to each section of the trailer from the first group of contactors, the second output contactors of the first group of contactors connected to the first load and the first output corresponding to each section of the circuit breaker, the end of each section of the secondary winding is connected to the first output corresponding to each section of the secondary winding of the contactor from the second group of contactors and with the second output corresponding to each section of the circuit breaker, and the latter conclusions all of the contactors of the second group of contactors connected to the second output load (SU # 1029402, But, 1983).

The main disadvantage of the prototype is that when outputting the stored energy in the load voltage at the primary winding of the inductive energy storage in M times the voltage at the load, where M is the ratio of turns of the primary and secondary windings of the inductive energy storage. As a result of overvoltage on the managed key included in the circuit of the primary winding of the inductive accumulate the I energy there is arcing, resulting in significant losses to the initially stored energy.

The present invention is directed to the solution of the technical problem by providing shielding of the primary winding of the inductive energy storage in the time interval corresponding to the output of the stored energy to the load by excitation in the time of the conclusion of the accumulated energy of the stress wave in lengths of coaxial lines, each segment of the coaxial line formed by the corresponding coil of the primary winding of the inductive energy storage and covering it and its corresponding electromagnetic screen tubular form, and twice the running time of the above-mentioned waves for each segment of the coaxial line is equal to the time of the conclusion of the stored energy to the load. Achievable technical result is to reduce the voltage on the primary winding of the inductive energy storage (at the time of conclusion of the stored energy to the load) to a value approximately equal to the voltage at the load, thus preventing arcing on the managed key included in the circuit of the primary winding and, consequently, loss of stored energy.

The problem is solved by the fact that the pulse generator to the inductive energy storage transformer connections the d, containing the power source, the first managed key contact, inductive energy storage device, comprising a primary winding and N-section of the secondary winding and the load, characterized in that it further comprises second and third driven keys, inductive energy storage device includes a single-layer coil in the form of rolled into a cylindrical or toroidal N-winding spiral of two coaxially disposed conductors, the inner conductor forms an N-winding primary winding, and the outer conductor is made in the form arranged in series along a common axis for the inner and outer conductors of N identical and isolated from other elements of tubular form, forming N identical single-turn sections of the secondary winding of the inductive energy storage, between each turn of the primary winding and covering his turn secondary winding posted by corresponding electromagnetic shield tubular shape between the respective beginning of each section of the secondary winding of the end of the corresponding coil, and next to him the first end corresponding to this coil secondary winding of the screen is placed a switch in the form of an annular spark gap, and a second, opposite, end of each screen is electrically and mechanically connected to the internal what ovodnikom with education together with scope coil primary winding of the corresponding closed at the end of the segment of coaxial line, the first output of the power source is connected to the first output of the first managed key, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output of the second controlled key, the beginning of the first turn of the primary winding and the first trailer, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output of the third managed key, in parallel to which is on the load, a second output power source is connected with the second output of the second controlled key, with the end of the last coil of the primary winding and the second output of the third managed key turns the N-section of the secondary winding is connected in parallel with each other, while interconnected to the start of turns of the secondary winding is connected with the first output the third managed key, the second terminal of which is connected to the interconnected ends of all the coils of the secondary winding, the thickness δ of the screens to satisfy the following relations:

δ≥10·[τ/(µµ₀σ)]^1/2,

where τ is the propagation time of an electromagnetic wave to the end of the above-mentioned cut coaxial line, while 2τ equal to the time of the conclusion of the stored energy in the load [s];

µ - magnetic permeability material screens;

µ₀= 4π·10^-7[GN/m];

σ is the conductivity of the material [Ω^-1·m^-1].

In addition, the problem is solved by the fact that the above W is Roy the end of each screen by from 4 to 12 jumpers, located radially and at equal angular distances relative to each other electrically and mechanically connected to the inner conductor at locations as on a circle lying in the plane of the pair of coils of the primary winding between themselves and lying on the end of the last coil of the primary winding, while the total resistance of the above-mentioned jumper is much less than ρ, where ρ is the wave resistance of the above-mentioned sections of coaxial line, satisfies the relation:

ρ≥10²·U/I₀,

where U is the voltage induced at the input of each segment of the coaxial line [];

I₀the current in the primary winding corresponding to the accumulated energy [And].

The advantage of the patented pulse generator for inductive energy storage transformer connection, in comparison with the prototype, is that at the minimum energy cost (not exceeding 1.5÷2% of the initially stored energy) at the excitation wave processes, providing effective shielding of the primary winding of the inductive energy storage during the whole time of the conclusion of the stored energy in the load, the shielding voltage on the primary winding of the inductive energy storage (during output energy to the load) is approximately equal to the voltage at which the recalls, consequently, arcing does not occur on the managed key included in the circuit of the primary winding and associated with arcing significant loss of previously stored energy.

Further the present invention is illustrated by a specific example, which, however, is not only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the above-mentioned technical result is the patented combination of essential features. Other technical results achieved by the use of patented devices, will become clear from the further discussion.

1 shows a schematic diagram of the pulse generator to the inductive energy storage; figure 2 - site connection the last revolution of the primary winding of the inductive energy storage with a corresponding electromagnetic screen, side view.

The pulse generator on inductive energy storage transformer connection contains (1) source 1 power supply, preferably a current generator, the first managed key 2, the second managed key 3, the third managed key 4, which is connected in parallel the load 5, preferably inductive, and the contactor 6, preferably a spark gap, and an inductive drive 7 energy. Inductive drive 7 energy includes a single-layer coil is in the form of a coiled in a cylindrical or toroidal N-winding spiral of two coaxially arranged similar to the as in the coaxial cable conductors, the inner conductor forms the N coils 8₁, 8₂, 8₃,....8_N-1, 8_Nthe primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy, and the outer conductor is made in the form arranged in series along a common axis for the inner and outer conductors of N identical and isolated from other elements of tubular form, forming, respectively, the coils 9₁, 9₂, 9₃, ...., 9_N-1and 9_Nthe same single-turn sections of the N-section of the secondary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy. Between each spiral 8_nwhere n=l,2,3,...., N of the primary winding and covering his round 9_nN-section of the secondary winding posted by corresponding electromagnetic shield tubular 10_nwith all the screens 10₁÷10_Nexecuted the same. Between the respective beginning of each n-th section of the secondary winding by the end of round 9_nand next to him the first end corresponding to this wave of the screen 10_nposted by switch 11_nin the form of a spark gap, and a second (opposite) end of each screen 10_iwhere i=1,2,3,...,N-1 through 4 to 12 jumpers 12 located radially and at equal angular distances relative to each other electrically and mechanically connected to the internal is named conductor 13 in places located on a circle lying in the plane of the coupling coil 8_iwith round 8_i+1the primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy. With regard to the second end of the screen 10_N, it is electrically and mechanically connected, similarly as described above, with the end of round 8_Nthe primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy (figure 2). The first output of the source 1 power is connected to the first output of the first managed key 2, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output of the second controlled key 3, the beginning of round 8₁the primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy and the first output contact 6, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output of the third managed key 4. The second output of the source 1 power is connected with the second output of the second controlled key 3, the end of round 8_Nthe primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy and the second output of the third managed key 4. The coils 9₁÷9_NN-section of the secondary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy connected in parallel with each other, with interconnected beginning of all the above-mentioned coils are connected with the first output of the third managed key 4, and the interconnected ends of these coils is connected to the second output of the third managed key 4.

Every round 8_npervocheloveki inductive drive 7 energy together with the matching and covering his electromagnetic screen 10 _nforms a segment of a coaxial line, closed at the end of the total resistance R of the bridges 12, while the geometrical dimensions of the inner conductor 13, the same screens 10₁÷10_N, jumper 12, and the value of the relative permittivity of the dielectric located between them, are selected from conditions enforce the following relationships: R""ρ δ≥10·[τ/(µµ₀σ)]^1/2; ρ≥10²·U/I₀where ρ is the wave impedance [Ohms] the above-mentioned cut coaxial line; δ - thickness [m] screens 10₁÷10_N; τ is the time [s] of the electromagnetic wave to the end of a segment of coaxial line equal to half the time interval corresponding to the output energy to the load 5; µ is the magnetic permeability of the material of the screens 10₁÷10_N; µ₀- 4π·10^-7[GN/m]; σ is the conductivity [Ω^-1·m^-1] material screens 10₁÷10_N; U - voltage [V]induced at the input of each segment of the coaxial line in the translation of the third managed key 4 from closed to open position; I₀current [A] in the primary winding 8₁÷8_Ncorresponding to the accumulated energy.

The pulse generator on inductive energy storage transformer connection works as follows. In the initial state, all manipulated the s keys 2, 3 and 4, the contactor 6 and the switches 11₁÷11_Nare in the open position. After transfer of the first managed key 2 from the open to the closed position begins the process of storing energy in a magnetic field associated with the current induced in the primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy. After the current in the primary winding of a given value of I₀preferably, the maximum value) of the second driven key 3 is translated to the closed position and simultaneously the first managed key 2 is moved from a closed to open position. At this stage of energy storage in the magnetic field associated with the inductive drive 7 energy ends.

Before outputting the stored energy to the load 5, preferably inductive, first, third managed key 4 is transferred from open to closed position, and then the second managed key 3 is moved from a closed to open position. As a result, the current in the primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy drops to zero and the current in each turn of the sections of the secondary winding increases to a value equal to I₀. Since all N-turn sections of the secondary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy connected in parallel to each other and connected to a closed position tert what he managed key 4, then the current through it is equal to the sum of the currents generated by all N sections of the secondary winding. It should be noted here that the presence of electromagnetic screens 10₁÷10_Nbetween each spiral 8₁÷8_Nthe primary winding and relevant to each of them to round 9₁÷9_Nthe secondary winding has no effect on the coupling coefficient between the above-mentioned coils, and the chain, which includes each screen 10₁÷10_Nis open (switches 11₁÷11_Nand the slider 6 are in the open position). In the moment of achievement of the current through the third managed key 4 value approximately equal to N·I₀contact 6 and the switches 11₁÷11_Ntranslated to the closed position, and a third managed key 4 simultaneously with the above-described switching process is moved from a closed position to open position, the opening of the third managed key (in other words the time interval during which its resistance is changed from zero to a value at least one order of magnitude greater than the load resistance 5) is less than 2·τ. In the process of opening a third managed key 4 is an increase in the voltage at the load 5. Simultaneously, the same voltage is induced in each screen 10₁÷10_Nbecause ek is Ana 10 ₁÷10_Nessentially, form a set of consecutive individual coils. However, unlike the above-described process of "transfer" of current from the primary winding to the secondary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy, each screen 10₁÷10_N(due to the transfer in a closed position of the contactor 6 and the switches 11₁÷11_N(ring, spark gaps)) is included in a closed circuit, and therefore, the conditions required to flow along the surfaces of the screens 10₁÷10_Nelectric current. Because the second end of each screen 10₁÷10_Nthrough jumper 12 is electrically and mechanically connected to the inner conductor 13, when the opening of the third managed key 4 at the input of each segment of the coaxial line formed by the respective coil 8_nthe primary winding and covering it and the corresponding screen 10_n) there is a voltage, and in the process of changing this voltage along each of the above-mentioned cut the coaxial line will be distributed to the corresponding wave voltage. When this electric current caused by the voltage surge propagating in each segment of the coaxial line formed by the coil 8_tothe primary winding and covering its screen is Ohm 10 _to(where K=2, 4,..., N), proceeds according to the following closed circuit: internal (converted to the corresponding coil of the primary winding) of the surface of the screen 10_toand after closure of the wave front at turn 8_toflows on its surface, and then (because the thickness δ of each screen 10₁-10_Nsubstantially greater than the penetration depth of the current in the thickness of the screen at a time equal to 2·τ) external (converted to the corresponding coil of the secondary winding) of the surface of the screen 10_K-1through the switch 11_K-1and the switch 11_toto the inner surface of the screen 10_to. With regard to the current caused by the voltage surge propagation in the coaxial line segment formed by the coil 8₁the primary winding and covering his screen 10₁then he proceeds in the following closed loop: the inner surface of the screen 10₁and after closure of the wave front at turn 8₁the primary winding flows over its surface, and then through the contactor 6 and the switch 11₁to the inner surface of the screen 10₁.

From the foregoing it follows that the inner surface of each screen 10_ithe current caused by the voltage surge propagation in the coaxial line segment formed by the screen 10_iand round 8_i, the primary winding, ecet in one direction, and on the external surface of the same screen 10_iin the opposite direction the current flows caused by the voltage surge propagation in the coaxial line segment formed by the screen 10_i+1and round 8_i+1. As for round 8_Nits shielding is provided by current flowing along the inner surface of the screen 10_Nand is caused by the voltage surge propagation in the coaxial line segment formed by the screen 10_Nand round 8_N. From the above it follows that at the time of conclusion of the stored energy in the load, due to the excitation in each of the above mentioned segment of coaxial line wave process, the duration of which is equal to the time of the conclusion of the stored energy to the load 5, are provided with shielding all of the turns of the primary winding of the inductive energy storage, as well as the mutual compensation of the voltage (EMF) induced (induced) in the adjacent screens.

As for the voltages on the coils 8₂÷8_Nthe primary winding due to the current flowing through their surface currents due to stress waves propagating through the above-mentioned segments of coaxial lines, because (as noted above) ρ≥10²·U/I₀this current is much less than I₀and the resistance of the coils 8₂÷8_Nlittle. And the YMI words, the total voltage on the coils 8₂÷8_Na lot less than the U.

After a period of time equal to τ, wave voltage in each of the above sections of coaxial line reaches closed by a jumper on 12 end of the section of coaxial line, and then, reflected from the shorted end with a simultaneous change of the sign of the voltage on the contrary, will be distributed in the opposite direction, and after a period of time equal to τ, reaches the opposite (open) end of the section of coaxial line. Simultaneously with the completion of the above described wave processes in lengths of coaxial line will end with the conclusion of stored energy to the load 5. The magnitude of the current through load 5 will be significantly less than the value of I₀and , therefore, any further change of the current through load 5 will not cause overvoltage on the second managed 3 key.

It should be noted here that the use of jumpers 12 for zakolachivaniya end sections of coaxial line significantly (as compared to the continuous limit element) to reduce the heat in this area, and consequently, to increase the operational reliability of the device. In this patent the number of jumpers from 4 to 12, as shown by calculations, is optimal from the point of view of ensuring the ecene as electric, and thermal performance.

Furthermore, since the circuit is connected to each coil 8_tothe primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy screens 10_toand 10_K-1are interconnected in such a way that induced in them (in the process of output energy to the load 5) EMF mutually compensated, so the voltage across these coils of the primary winding during the output energy to the load 5 is zero. As for the voltage on the first turn 8₁the primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy, it is equal to the voltage at the load 5, since the circuit connected to the coil 8₁the primary winding consists of one screen 10₁on which the induced voltage equal to the voltage at the load 5. Thus, in the patented device in the process of output energy to the load 5 provides reduced voltage to the primary winding of the inductive storage 7 energy (taking into account the above, relative to the voltage drop caused by the currents induced spreading in lengths of coaxial line wave voltage that is slightly higher than the voltage at the load 5.

Industrial applicability of patentable inventions is also supported by the possibility of its use are known from the prior art component used in the art. From Britanie can be used in particle accelerators, powerful sources of microwave radiation, pulsed radars and lasers.

1. The pulse generator on inductive energy storage transformer connection, containing the power source, the first managed key contact, inductive energy storage device, comprising a primary winding and N-section of the secondary winding and the load, characterized in that it further comprises second and third driven keys, inductive energy storage device includes a single-layer coil in the form of rolled into a cylindrical or toroidal N-winding spiral of two coaxially disposed conductors, the inner conductor forms an N-winding primary winding, and the outer conductor is made in the form arranged in series along a common axis for the inner and outer conductors of the same N and isolated from other elements of tubular form, forming N identical single-turn sections of the secondary winding of the inductive energy storage, between each turn of the primary winding and covering his turn secondary winding posted by corresponding electromagnetic shield tubular shape between the respective beginning of each section of the secondary winding of the end of the corresponding coil, and next to him the first end corresponding to this coil secondary winding e is wound is placed a switch in the form of an annular spark gap, and second, opposite, end of each screen is electrically and mechanically connected to the inner conductor with education together with scope coil primary winding of the corresponding closed at the end of the segment of coaxial line, the first output of the power source is connected to the first output of the first managed key, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output of the second controlled key, the beginning of the first turn of the primary winding and the first trailer, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output of the third managed key, in parallel to which is on the load, a second output power source is connected with the second output of the second controlled key, with the end of the last coil of the primary winding and with the second output of the third managed key turns the N-section of the secondary winding is connected in parallel with each other, while interconnected to the start of turns of the secondary winding is connected to the first output of the third managed key, the second terminal of which is connected to the interconnected ends of all the coils of the secondary winding, the thickness δ of the screens to satisfy the following relations:
δ≥10·[τ/(µµ₀σ)]^1/2,
where τ is the propagation time of an electromagnetic wave to the end of the above-mentioned cut coaxial line, while 2τ equal to the time the output is nakoplennoy energy to the load [s];
µ - magnetic permeability material screens;
µ₀= 4π·10^-7[GN/m];
σ is the conductivity of the material [Ω^-1·m^-1].

2. The generator according to claim 1 characterized in that the above mentioned second end of each screen by from 4 to 12 jumpers located radially and at equal angular distances relative to each other electrically and mechanically connected to the inner conductor at locations as on a circle lying in the plane of the pair of coils of the primary winding between themselves and lying on the end of the last coil of the primary winding, while the total resistance of the above-mentioned jumper is much less than ρ, where ρ is the wave resistance of the above-mentioned sections of coaxial line, satisfies the relation:
ρ≥10²·U/I₀,
where U is the voltage induced at the input of each segment of the coaxial line [I];
I₀the current in the primary winding corresponding to the accumulated energy [And].