Method for open extraction of bed-like deposits

IPC classes for russian patent Method for open extraction of bed-like deposits (RU 2254476):

E21C41/26 - Methods of surface mining (machines for obtaining, or the removal of, materials in open-pit mines E21C0047000000); Layouts therefor

Another patents in same IPC classes:

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Method for open extraction of mineral resources deposits / 2249698
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Method for open extraction of mineral resources deposits / 2249697
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Method for building non-working quarry edge / 2246621
Method includes cutting steps with varying angles. Angles of double step slopes, different on basis of quarry depth, are formed with consideration of decrease of irregularity parameters with deposit depth, with natural block level of upper horizons and influence from mass explosions and wind erosion of rocks with gradual increase of their steepness until forming of vertical slopes of double steps during additional operations in quarry, while angles of slopes and edge portions on upper horizons in highly fractured rocks may be 50-55°, in rocks of average and non-specific fracture levels - 70-60° and in low-fractured rocks may be 80-85°, and edge portions 60-90 m high in deep portion of quarry with vertical double steps and preventive berms 10 m have slant angle 80-85°.

Method for open extraction of steep-falling deposits with internal dump-forming / 2246620
Method includes dividing quarry on rows, of which first one is extracted to planned depth with external dump-forming, and extraction of following rows is performed with use of internal dump-forming, placing dug rocks to extracted space of adjacent row with common displacement of dump front with development of mining operations. Second and following rows of quarry are divided on basis of height on extraction levels, extraction of uppermost level is performed with placement of dug rocks in upper dump level of extracted space of adjacent row, using surface transporting communication lines, and during extraction of second extractive level dumping of dump level of inner dump is primarily performed by forming pioneer dump at longitudinal processed edge of quarry, on upper area of which transporting lines are placed and dumping of dump level is performed from there, with descent of mining operations in working area of extractive level profile of upper dump area is altered to provided necessary cargo communications of working horizons of extractive level to dump level, after extraction of extractive level remaining pioneer dump is dug to upper mark of following extractive level, and extraction of following extractive levels is performed analogically, using reformed upper area of pioneer dump.

Method for rock-blasting at open-pit mining / 2244252
Large-diameter single holes are replaced by a pair of divergent holes of a smaller diameter, in which one hole is always vertical, and the other one is inclined towards the bench; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced with a pair of divergent bundles of parallel converged holes, in which one bundle is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced with a pair of divergent holes of a smaller diameter, in which one hole is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench and positioned in the vertical plane parallel with the first one and distant from it by 1-2 hole diameters; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced by a pair of divergent bundles of parallel converging holes, in which one bundle is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench and positioned in the vertical plane parallel with the first one and distant from it by 1-2 hole diameters.

Method for open extraction of bed-like deposits / 2254476
Method includes serial extraction of drifts with placement of opened rocks of drifts in extracted space of previous drifts, continuous combined processes of softening, extraction and movement of rock to dump. Drifts are positioned along cut trench, extraction is performed by adjacent horizontal shavings of face area, rock of each drift is moved by throwing directly to extracted space and compacted in range by realization of kinetic energy of rock.

Method for slanting of high benches on outline of open pit / 2255304
The method includes drilling of contour holes for formation of a screening peephole, buffer and breaking holes to a depth corresponding to the height of one working subbench with a redrill, the middle row of breaking holes is made with an incomplete drill, charging of the openings and their blasting, dispatch of the rock, after blasting first of outline openings, for formation of the screening peephole, and then of breaking holes and mucking of the rock, similar operations are performed on the underlying subbench of the lower high bench, at the development of the lower high bench, the development of the upper and lower benches is conducted by doubling of the working subbenches, at the development of the lower subbench of the upper high bench the outline openings are drilled to the whole height of the doubled bench, the buffer openings are drilled at a distance of 12 to 13 diameters of the charge from the outline openings and to a depth at least corresponding to the height of one working subbench with a redrill equal to 6-8 diameters of the charge, the first and last rows of the breaking holes are drilled with a redrill, equal to 4-5 diameters of the charge, and the incomplete drill of the middle row of the breaking holes makes up 7-8 diameters of the charge, after blasting of the buffer and breaking opening and mucking of the rock a crest is formed, from whose surface on the side of the slope outline and buffer openings are drilled, the first ones - to the height of doubled subbenches, and the second ones - to the height at least of one lower working subbench, then the breaking openings to the same height as in the above - and underlying subbenches and for production of a natural protective bank on the upper section of the lower high bench in the section of the berm the formed ridge is liquidated by drilling, charging and blasting of the openings of small diameter and depth.

Method for open extraction of mineral resource deposits / 2256075
Method includes opening deposit at distance 150 meters from river and forming of natural filtering wall between river and trench, pumping of water from trench into river, extraction of mineral resource, revegetation of dumps, filling of trench with water, accomplishment of formed water body. Mineral resource is extracted from two serially opened trenches - auxiliary, revegetated as water body, and main, positioned at opposite side of river, and soil from opening of which is used for revegetation of auxiliary trench, while in main trench along whole board on the side of river right beyond mining operations inner dump is formed with width not less than 250 meters and with height at same level with earth surface, water from trenches is fed into river, and then into water body through intermediate collectors, while after forming of water body currents of soil waters between trenches and river are made balanced, balance level is estimated on basis of water levels in auxiliary trench and river.

Method for open extraction of mineral resources deposits / 2256795
Method includes extraction of quarry to planned depth in stages with construction f boards with parameters, allowed from stability condition, shutting boards, finishing mineral resource massif. Building and shutting of temporary boards during extraction of steep layers of next level after change of order of extraction of opening and ore zones is started after construction and spacing in center of cut of well-like mine with vertical shelves, with parameters, which are provided for by minimal radiuses of rounded edges enough for movement of rock via spiral chutes to surface to outer dumps, with narrowing space towards bottom at level of opened level of deep portion of deposit with lesser total coefficient of opening of stage and finally board is constructed by steep vertical shelves in deep zone.

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes serial extraction of drifts with placement of opened rocks of drifts in extracted space of previous drifts, continuous combined processes of softening, extraction and movement of rock to dump. Drifts are positioned along cut trench, extraction is performed by adjacent horizontal shavings of face area, rock of each drift is moved by throwing directly to extracted space and compacted in range by realization of kinetic energy of rock.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

2 dwg

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to a method of surface mining of sheet-like deposits are shallow with a small angle of incidence, with a strong host rocks, and can be used in the development of permafrost alluvial deposits.

There is a method of development of permafrost alluvial deposits transverse or longitudinal benches and internal dumping with the cyclical processes of preparing to rock excavation, digging and moving rocks in the blade (Emel'yanov V.I. Open development of placer deposits. M.: Nedra, 1985, pp.92).

The disadvantage of this method is a cyclical business processes.

The closest way to the technical essence is the way of open development sheet-like deposits are shallow with a small angle of incidence with strong host rocks in which Zachodni have at right angles to the split trench, and testing benches are produced consistently with the placement of overburden regular benches developed in the previous space. The processes of softening and removal of breed combined and carried out continuously in one end face, with a continuous conveyor moving rocks in the inner blade (Kuznetsov V.V., Protasov SCI Destruction of hornyhead infrared radiation. M.: Nedra, 1979, s).

The main disadvantage of this method is that the breed first two benches first store to a temporary technological blade, and then preexcavation in the mined-out area of the first zagadki.

Also a disadvantage is the high complexity of the continuous conveyor moving and stacking rocks in the internal dumps, with the irrational use of the goaf.

Lack of warehousing breed in temporary technological blade is manifested in the fact that with the increase in the Stripping ratio, for example, 20-25, and this is true for the layer of alluvial deposits, the volume of the breed in the first two benches may greatly exceed the entire amount of minerals in the pit. The formation of temporary technological dumps with their further preexcavation becomes uneconomic.

The high complexity of the conveyor move the breed due to the fact that it is necessary to make the installation, dismantling, repair, and after testing each Zachodni reinstalling complex conveyors.

Increased complexity is also due to the struggle with sticking to the tape wet and clayey rocks, and the operation in the spring and autumn period, with the impact of negative temperatures.

In dumping ambalavanar the spreader does not seal rocks increasing degree of fragmentation and reduces the angle of repose of the pile. This reduces the capacity of the blade, placed in mined-out space, and under certain conditions leads to extra work for handling overburden internal dumps.

Task:

- improving the efficiency of field development;

- reducing the complexity of work in the organization moving and stacking rocks in the internal dumps;

- rational use of developed space with the placement of overburden.

This object is achieved in that Zachodni have split along the trench, the recess is produced adjacent horizontal shavings slaughter-site, breed each Zachodni move by throwing directly into the goaf and compacted in the waste implementation of the kinetic energy of the breed.

Source of information that has become publicly available before the priority date of the proposed method, not identified technical solutions, in which when open development sheet-like deposits with durable bearing strata and combined processes of softening, excavation and moving of rocks Zachodni have split along the trench, the recess is produced adjacent horizontal shavings slaughter-site, breed each Zachodni p is Remedium throwing directly into the goaf and compacted in the waste implementation of the kinetic energy of the breed.

Thus, the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty".

Analysis of the known technical solutions in the area of study allows to draw a conclusion about the absence of these symptoms that are similar to the main features of the proposed method of surface mining of sheet-like deposits with durable host rocks, and to accept the proposed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The claimed invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability"because it can be used in the mining industry for the open development of sheet-like deposits with durable host rocks, including permafrost alluvial deposits,

1 schematically depicts the method of open development sheet-like deposits. Figure 2 shows the flow of breed first Zachodni in a goaf cutting trench.

Shown on drawings: external capital trench 1, split pit 2, pit 3, the capacity of cap rocks 4, a layer of mineral 5, zagadki 6, the first section 7, the reciprocating stroke 8, the face-area 9, the device for development and movement of rocks 10, the inner blade 11, the direction of movement of the device 12, the trajectory (distance and height) methane is I 13.

The proposed method can be most effectively applied to the development of a layer of permafrost alluvial deposits. Mining and technical peculiarities of development of permafrost of the placers in the North-East are significantly different not only from the mining of ore deposits, but also from the meltwater of alluvial deposits.

In the frozen state, the strength of the unconsolidated sediments is very high and corresponds to the strength, depending on the category and temperature of frozen rocks, dense, half-rock and rock. To seize the frozen soils without prior softening impossible.

The capacity of cap rocks for open and selective production of up to 25 m, and the average reservoir thickness of mineral does not exceed 1.0 to 1.4 meters

In these conditions is not economically feasible to remove the breed first two benches in external dumps or internal temporary technological dumps, and place it immediately in the developed space, using the continuous method of softening, excavation and moving of rocks.

The proposed method of surface mining of sheet-like deposits is as follows.

Before the beginning of field development on the proposed method produces the development of external capital trench 1 and allowing the Noah trench 2. Split the trench 2 are on the contact field is empty rocks inside the pit 3 at full capacity of cap rocks 4.

Overburden cutting trench 2 is moved and placed in the external dump.

Then make the notch part of the layer mineral 5, located within the cutting trench 2, and move it to the enrichment of the vehicles.

The width of the cutting trench 2 are calculated so that the capacity of its goaf was sufficient to accommodate the volume of Stripping the first Zachodni 7.

Upon completion of the autopsy begin development of the proposed method.

The career field is divided into Zachodni 6, parallel split the trench 2. Zachodni 6 run sequentially, starting with the first Zachodni 7, adjacent to the split trench 2. The loss of strength and excavation of overburden in the benches 6 produces a continuous thin shavings adjacent the reciprocating strokes 8 on the slaughter-site 9 unit to develop and move rocks 10. (A positive decision on granting a patent for invention dated 24 September 2006 on the application number 2002115855/03/016689/ priority from 13.06.2002,, 7 IPC E 02 F 5/30. The device for development and movement of rocks).

Move the rock throwing in the inner blade 11 at a right angle to nab the t movement device 12 to develop and move rocks 10. Trajectory (distance and height of the throwing) 13 adjust the angle of the spreader pipe and, if necessary, the mode of operation of the turbojet engine unit to develop and move rocks 10.

Seal rock in the inner blade 11, reducing the degree of fragmentation and increasing the angle of repose of the pile, through the implementation of the kinetic energy of the breed acquired in the process of throwing.

Upon completion of Stripping activity in the first section 7 of the full capacity of cap rocks 4 begin to develop part of the layer mineral 5 first Zachodni 7 export it for further processing means of transport.

After mining is completed in the first section 7 begin to develop the second zagadki and so on.

When developing mineral 5 using the device for development and movement of rocks 10 required speed useful fossil 5 for loading into the vehicle attach the feed regulation the outer contour of the turbojet engine of the necessary quantity of air flow in the accelerating tube, and the use of the hopper.

The proposed method also allows you to exclude education meghreblian failures in dumping dumps rapid height adjustment and distantly the ti throwing rocks by changing the angle of the spreader pipe and mode of operation of turbojet engine device to develop and move rocks.

The exception of education meghreblian failures can increase the capacity of the internal dumps up to 30% compared to ridge-filling conveyor when the dumping.

Permafrost alluvial deposits are in the form of sheet-like deposits with a small angle of incidence. Frozen unconsolidated sediments cemented by localizada, which leads to high strength array of frozen rocks. Their development requires a preliminary softening.

In the summer heat of solar radiation it is possible to thaw the top layer of rock to remove this layer, again to thaw and so on. However, the speed of lowering of mining operations in this case is negligible and equal to the velocity of natural thawing on average 10 cm per day, which determines the low intensity Stripping natural defrost.

Low speed natural thawing permafrost impedes efficient use in the development of permafrost alluvial deposits of high-performance development techniques with a continuous layer-by-layer hollow rocks while moving them in the dump.

To increase the intensity of mining permafrost placers traditional methods are used cyclical technology training to rock excavation: drilling and blasting method, hydroglobe thawing, mechanical whom come crumbling.

However, the high Stripping ratio 20-25, low average power reservoir Sands of 1.0-1.4 m, the rugged rocks cause in the development of permafrost alluvial deposits of the traditional ways proportion of the cost of Stripping in the cost of field development reaches 85% or more.

Studies show that the most efficient way to develop permafrost alluvial deposits is consistent testing benches with the placement of overburden in the internal dumps goaf previous benches.

The effectiveness of this method increases with the power of peat, reducing the width of zagadki and using the continuous method of softening, excavation and moving of rocks.

The minimum width of zagadki determine, based on the need to accommodate mining and transport equipment in the mine during the development of the formation of minerals, as well as on the basis of compliance with safety requirements.

Width Zachodni when using the proposed method can range from 15 m to 40 m

Given that the ratio reaches 20-25, and the average capacity of the reservoir Sands not exceed 1.0-1.4 m, for the vast majority of alluvial deposits in the North-East volume of rock in the first TLD is the benches exceeds the amount of sand in the entire circuit are working career. The Stripping costs in the first two benches, laying breed in temporary technological blade, further preexcavation breed in the internal dump goaf significantly exceed the costs of developing and moving of the total volume of sand in the pit.

During the development of permafrost alluvial deposits create temporary process dumps for rocks first two benches economically justified. In this regard, the proposed method Zachodni have split along the trench, and overburden each zagadki, including first and second, move immediately into the goaf.

Small size of the vast majority of alluvial deposits and large territorial dispersion in remote areas to determine the effectiveness of methods of field development using technological equipment of mobile, Autonomous, high permeability, it does not require the fields of labour-intensive works on installation-dismantling and commissioning, as well as transportation of metal structures. Considering the climatic peculiarities of the North-East, technological equipment should not require additional effort to eliminate exposure to freezing temperatures.

With the growth capacity of overburden and decrease the width of zagadki increasing the relevance of the rational use of capacity out space to accommodate the total volume of rocks next Zachodni or the maximum possible volume without reloading.

The proposed method allows efficient use of the developed space by reducing the coefficient of loosening and increase the angle of repose of the blade, producing seal rock in the dump. The relative capacity gain of the blade increases in the growth capacity of overburden and reducing the width of zagadki, i.e. in terms of increasing the effectiveness of the proposed method.

If necessary, the total capacity of the internal piles can be increased up to 15-20% by eliminating education meghreblian failures operative, during operation of the device, the adjustment range height and throwing rocks.

Thus, for the effective development of permafrost alluvial sheet-like deposits in the North-East, using the method of sequential testing benches, with the placement of overburden regular benches in a goaf previous, you need to meet the following requirements:

- the processes of softening, digging and moving rocks in the blade must be continuous and combined the YMI - production;

equipment must be mobile, self-contained, high permeability, low metal content, do not require complex of works on installation-dismantling and reinstallation;

breed each Zachodni should move directly into the internal dump rational utilization of capacity goaf.

All these requirements are met by the proposed method of surface mining of sheet-like deposits with technological hardware to develop and move rocks.

It should be noted that the physico-mechanical properties of frozen soils, particle size and climatic conditions are favorable for the application of the proposed method of development of permafrost deposits with moving rocks in the blade throwing.

Natural weight humidity breeds, especially fine-grained aggregate, ranging from 22 to 90%, significantly reduces or completely eliminates the dusting if you move the rock in the blade throwing.

Weighted average diameter fraction of the breed is within 15-30 mm Alonistioti small and average of 4-6%.

The average wind speed in the major areas of alluvial gold mining in the North-East is insignificant and is, depending on the time of year and month, from 0.4 d is 3.2 m/sec.

The use of the proposed method of surface mining of sheet-like deposits in the development of permafrost placers with deposition of the productive formation to 25 m allows you to:

to improve the efficiency of sheet-like deposits by eliminating bulky and expensive re-excavation of rocks and through the judicious use of the developed space;

- significantly reduce the complexity of works on the organization of the movement and placement of overburden in the internal piles by eliminating the use of conveyor movement.

How open development sheet-like deposits, including sequential testing benches with the placement of overburden regular benches in a goaf previous, continuous combined processes of softening, digging and moving rocks in the blade, wherein Zachodni have split along the trench, the recess is produced adjacent horizontal shavings slaughter-site, breed each Zachodni move by throwing directly into the goaf and compacted in the waste implementation of the kinetic energy of the breed.