Method for open extraction of mineral resource deposits

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes opening deposit at distance 150 meters from river and forming of natural filtering wall between river and trench, pumping of water from trench into river, extraction of mineral resource, revegetation of dumps, filling of trench with water, accomplishment of formed water body. Mineral resource is extracted from two serially opened trenches - auxiliary, revegetated as water body, and main, positioned at opposite side of river, and soil from opening of which is used for revegetation of auxiliary trench, while in main trench along whole board on the side of river right beyond mining operations inner dump is formed with width not less than 250 meters and with height at same level with earth surface, water from trenches is fed into river, and then into water body through intermediate collectors, while after forming of water body currents of soil waters between trenches and river are made balanced, balance level is estimated on basis of water levels in auxiliary trench and river.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

1 dwg, 1 ex

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used for open development of mineral deposits (PI), located in the coastal zone of rivers, and also in terms of the flooded areas.

There is a method /Method open pit mining of mineral deposits. E 21 41/26, No. 1662166, bull. No. 8, 20.03.95/, where the extraction of PI in heavy watering lead by the drainage passages and trenches. After opening the PI around him fulfill the divergent branches of the drainage trench, and the development of PI lead from the center to the periphery. The disadvantage of this method is the disturbance currents groundwater, resulting in shallowing and even the loss of the river adjacent to the site PI.

There is a method /Way of opening and development of shallow formation of mineral deposits. E 21 41/26, No. 1675555, bull. No. 33, 07.09.91/in which different sides of the field opened two trenches, main and auxiliary. From the trenches lead mine workings under the field and carry out the extraction of PI. In this way reduce the costs of reclamation of waste deposits, however, does not solve the problem of flow of groundwater and save rivers.

There is a method /Way of water-technical recultivation of waste upland quarries. E 21 41/32, No. 2120552, publ. 1998.10.20/; which zaklyuche is implemented in layer-by-layer filling area career with the formation of pumped storage cavity in the bottom layer. To raise the level of groundwater is an additional well connected to the storage cavity. Dumping career carried out to provide him the flow of water. The method cannot be used in low areas and floodplains.

Known methods of reclamation of landscapes disturbed by surface mining /Motorina L.V., Zabelina N.M. Reclamation of lands disturbed by mining industry. The overview. M., 1968/. On the site of former quarries in the USSR, Germany, USA, Canada, was created ponds for recreation and economic needs. A distinctive feature of mining operations is their sustainability. Terms quarrying tens of years. Relatively strict laws about environment appeared a few decades ago. In this regard, in the technology fields of building materials, coal, referred to in the specified review, were not included measures to rehabilitate quarries in the reservoirs. At the end of the production PI career filled with water, cleaned, shore rekultivirovana under forest and meadows. The disadvantage of this production PI is that nature is not saved and restored.

The closest prototype of the proposed method from among the known technical solution is the method of production of construction materials, rekultivace the career under the reservoir in the area, Zhukovsky, Moscow region /Lazarev I. Restoration of disturbed areas to urban development. The publishing house construction. M., 1972 (ñ.38-39)/. The method consists in the fact that the opening of the deposits of sand and gravel is at a distance of 150 m from the river. This creates a natural filter jumper between the river and the trench. In the process of developing such a career, in the vicinity of the river, pumping water, usually in the river. After extraction, the PI is the reclamation of dumps by afforestation and filling the trench with water during floods and groundwater flow through the filter jumper. Is the improvement of the educated pond.

The disadvantage of this method is the possibility of its effective application only during the development of construction materials. For example, in the extraction of shallow coal will be lacking soil for reclamation of dumps, dumping the sides and bottom of the generated reservoir. The application of the method in the development of several quarries, including on different sides of the river, will lead to changes in the water regime of the river, its shallowing down to extinction, clogging pumped from trenches water mixed with coal dust.

The proposed method aims to eliminate these shortcomings, and its use can be half the yen following result: for a more complete extraction of PI will accelerate the return of land to productive use.

This result is achieved due to the fact that consistently expose and extract the PI of two tranches: auxiliary, which recultivated under water, and main, located on the opposite side of the river. In the main trench along the entire outside of the bead from the river immediately after mining operations are filling the inner blade width of not less than 250 m and a height at the level of the earth's surface. Calculation and experimentally proved that such a thick jumper is an obstacle to the flow of groundwater. The soil from the opening of the main trench used for reclamation of the auxiliary trench. Water from trenches pumped into the river and the reservoir (after extraction PI) through the intermediate sumps, made in the form of containers. After the creation of the reservoir achieve balance the flow of groundwater between the trenches and the river, what is judged on water levels in the river and pond.

It should be noted that the method is applicable for a particular case, when the trenches are located on one side of the river. This also provides a natural jumper, according to the way you create dumps and pumping systems.

An example of execution of the method can be shown on the development Balahtinskoj coal mine in the Krasnoyarsk region (“Closing...”, Annex 1).

In the drawing the position of the hereafter is given: 1 - auxiliary trench, 2 - natural filtering jumper, 3 - river, 4 - inner main blade of the trench 5 is the main trench 6 - circuit the development of the core trench, 7 - conduit from the trench into the sump, 8 - sump auxiliary trench 9 is a conduit from the tank into the river, a 10 - gate-valve, 11 - sump main trench.

Intelligence indicated the coal river area 3 (the width of the river called the Cheese up to 10 m with an average depth of 1 m, are found valuable fish species). The coal is located on both sides of the river at a depth from the surface of 4-10 m Height layer to 18-36 m, reserves are estimated at 200 million tons

At a distance of 150 m from the river is being developed auxiliary trench 1, i.e. the recess, the size of the 900×300 m on the surface and 30 m depth. Through natural filtration jumper 2 water from the river enters the trench 1. Trench 1 water conduit 7 is pumped into the adjacent trench sump 8. Sumps may be several, a reservoir with gidroizolirovat inner surface. After settling of suspended particles and, if necessary, additional water in the conduit 9 is returned to the river 3. From drained trench 1 is extracted coal. Considering the rate of development of the auxiliary trench 1, set the start time of development of the main trench 5, overburden which is used as the material from which IPCI exhaust space of the auxiliary trench 1 for the future reservoir.

Development of the main trench 5 from the river carried out in such a way that immediately after the excavation of coal creates internal dump 4 width of 250-300 m and a height at the level of the earth's surface. This event significantly reduces the outflow of water from the river into the trench through the corresponding jumper. The main drainage of the trench 5 is produced by pumping water into the river through the adjacent sump 11 through the conduits supplied with a gate-valve 10. Gate-dispenser allows you to direct the water from the sump 11 or in the river 3 or the auxiliary trench 1. After the extraction of coal from the auxiliary trench 1 and its preparation as bed reservoir stops pumping water into the river. After 10-15 months the reservoir to fill with water from the river through the jumper 2, groundwater across the entire surface of the bed, naturally floods and water pumped from the main trench through the tank 11 and the gate-valve 10. With the filling of the trench needs to strike a balance Vodopyanov and to monitor the water level in the river and created lake. The level should correspond to the design values, which depend on the rate of water filtration through jumpers, precipitation, degree of evaporation, economic intake. The specified condition is observed using internal dumping 4 and the suction system is through my device 10, 11.

The farther side of the main trench from the river toward the path of development 6 reduced water inflow through the jumper from the river, and the main trench can be a helper for the next cycle of reclamation in the reservoir. And a pond is a single hydraulic system that river. The surface of the blade 4 recultivated under forest plantations and fields.

Thus, using the proposed method provides practically complete extraction of coal, the preservation of the river and its biological resources, and permanent return of waste land in commercial use in the form of clean water bodies and landscaped area.

The method of open pit mining of mineral deposits (PI), including the opening of the field at a distance of 150 m from the river and creating a natural filter jumper between the river and the trench, pumping water from a trench in the river, removing PI, reclamation of dumps, filling the trench with water, landscaping educated reservoir, characterized in that sequentially open and extract the PI of two tranches - auxiliary, rekultiviruemye under water, and main, located on the opposite side of the river, and the soil overburden which is used for reclamation of the auxiliary trench, while in the main trench on the side with article the Rhone river immediately after mining operations are filling the inner blade width of not less than 250 m and a height at the level of the ground surface, water from trenches pumped into the river, and then into the reservoir through an intermediate sumps, after the creation of the reservoir ensures that the currents of groundwater between the trenches and the river were balanced, what is judged on water levels in the auxiliary trench and the river.