Screw press for compaction of solid wastes

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to screw presses intended for compaction of solid wastes. Proposed press comprises first feed screw communicated with loading bin side bottom opening and second compaction screw. Said compaction screw is surrounded by corrugated stator body to feed and compact wastes. Feed screw features pitch and diameter exceeding those of compaction screw. Two said screws are arranged in parallel, one above or around the other to make press proper. Press length equals that of longer screw. Press incorporates appliances to allow operation of screws at different rpm. Note here that compaction screw features higher rpm.

EFFECT: smaller length and higher quality.

19 cl, 7 dwg

The invention relates to screw presses used for compaction of solid waste to eliminate, for example, in packages or other containers for garbage collection, i.e. presses, for example, of the type used in machines that are manufactured by the applicant, to seal cookware, Cutlery products and bottles, made of plastic, the remnants of food and drinks, towels and napkins used, for example, in the catering service.

For this purpose from the prior art known to the application with screw presses with the shape of a truncated cone, spiral which have a diameter and pitch of which decreases in the direction towards the outlet. The description of such presses is shown, for example, in German patent 3429848 and in European patents EP 239858, EP 790122 and EP 1193045. All the press of known type have the horizontal location of its axis, so that they occupy a significant amount in the plan and must be located at a considerable distance from the base to allow the location directly under the outlet of the container is high enough and with a large enough capacity for the reception of a sealing material. Screw presses relies on an acting end, where it is driven in rotation by the engine, typically using bearings that are subjected to high concentrated radial force is due to the significant weight and considerable length of the specified screw, when the screw is not based on the material you want to seal.

To reduce the size press, in particular the longitudinal dimension of the machine, using a press, the applicant obtained the registration of an industrial design Italy No. 257243 01.08.2003, in which a screw press is tilted up to its outlet so that its longitudinal axis forms with the bottom horizontal surface angle greater than 20°, for example from 40 to 60°. Using this solution reduced longitudinal dimensions of the press in the plan, you can have a high containers large capacity under its outlet and decrease stress on the bending of the screw support bearings, which reduces the radial load is concentrated on these bearings. With this solution, you can limit the size of the sealing machine by a screw press of the specified type at about 1 m in length and about 650 mm in width.

Because you need to have a few screw presses next to each other for the formation of sealing machines that can be used for collection of sorted waste, the size of such a machine is greatly increased, and restrict the ability of its location in the available spaces. The objective of the invention is to substantially reduce the size in the length of the screw press for sealing mA is in using the decision under paragraph 1 and the subsequent dependent claims based on the following ideas. Modern screw presses formed the initial section of large diameter with spirals with a big step, which is connected on the sides with the hopper, and contain the following section of smaller diameter gradually decreasing step, which has approximately the same length as the first section, and completely surrounded by corrugated inside the body press. The first section of the screw should move and capture material, freely supplied inside the bunker, and must submit its second section, which performs its sealing. To solve the above problem, the proposed solution is to separate the two sections of the screw and position them parallel to each other or around each other with education in General screw, which no longer has a length equal to the sum of the lengths of the two sections, and the length corresponding to the length of the longest of the two sections. With this solution you can create sealing machines with a length of 650 mm and a width of 650 mm to provide an obvious advantage when it comes to location several presses next to each other to perform the collection of sorted waste. This solution has also the advantage that the two screws can work at different speeds and, in particular, the first screw of large diameter and larger increments can operate at a speed which is less the speed of the sealing screw of smaller diameter, so the first screw can capture slowly and gradually the feed material, even when it is pushed down with limited power. According to one preferred variant of the invention, the first feed screw only has spiral blades and hollow in the axial direction to allow the environment section of the second, sealing screw, preferably located coaxially. According to one variant of implementation, the feed screw is located on the side and above the section of the sealing screw.

Other characteristic features of the invention and the resulting advantages result from the following description of some preferred embodiments, given only as not having restrictive example, with reference to the accompanying four sets of drawings, on which:

Figure 1 is a section view in a vertical plane containing the axis of rotation of the screw, twin-screw press according to the invention, in side view;

Figure 2 is a press according to Figure 1, in a vertical projection from the drive end of the screw;

Figure 3 is a perspective view from above of the press according to Fig 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is a cross section of a set of bearings that support the screws on the end of Gideoni connected with the system of the rotary actuator;

Figure 5 is a partial section of a press according to a variant implementation, containing two separate screw, side view;

6 is a press according to Figure 5, in a vertical projection from the drive end of the screw;

Fig.7 is a perspective view from above of a press according to Figure 5 and 6.

As shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the press contains hopper 1, the bottom 101 of which are curved, with the center of curvature located on the axis 2 of rotation of the cylindrical screws that are installed in the bottom of the hopper and contain screw 3 large diameter with spirals with a big step, which is made hollow inside (see below) and covers the inside of the coaxial set screw 4 with a smaller diameter and a smaller step. The inner screw has an outer diameter that is slightly less than the diameter of the internal cavity of the outer screw 3, and has a step, which, for example, four times less than the step of the outer screw. It is clear that the illustration is a design example and that you can use different proportions depending on the special requirements associated with the material to be processed.

The outer screw 3 is, for example, screw type with two visits and is formed of only two coils 103, 103'which are displaced by 180° relative to each other and which overlap the half step and welded its the mi ends to a pair of round and parallel plates 203, 203', performed with the corresponding axial and concentric holes 303, 303'. Plate 203, as shown in detail in figure 4, is rotatably into the corresponding hole 5 made in the adjacent end wall of the hopper 201 1, which on its outer side is attached to it using the appropriate flange 106 buxu 6, which by means of radial bearing 7 supports rotatably the sleeve 8, which has a fixed key on the outer end of the gear 9 of suitable diameter and which is made in one piece with it on the inner end of the flange 108, which is fixed to the specified end plate 203 of the big screw 3. Position 10 indicated any suitable annular sealing means, which is located on the inner side of the bearing 7 for its protection.

Gear 9 and the flange 108 are designed for a bearing outer ring operating in the axial direction and in the radial direction of the bearings 11, 11', which supports rotatably the shaft end 104 of the inner screw 4, and the other end of this shaft is fixed with pins on it gear 12 of suitable diameter. Gear 9 and 12 are rotated, for example, located in the center of the gear unit 13 of the engine, which is fixed, for example, at the lateral and lower PR is the future 401 one of the end walls 201, 301 hopper 1, and the slow shaft which is installed with dowels gear 109, 112, which through appropriate circuits 209, 212 transmit the necessary rotation of these gears 9, 12 and United with them kinematically part. Figure 2 positions 309 and 312 are marked tensioner that affect unstrained parts of these circuits. The above gears are of such diameter that the inner screw 4 rotates at a speed which is appropriately larger than the speed of the outer screw 3.

The direction of the screws 3 and 4 is the same and the direction of their rotation such that the material moves in the direction of plate 203'. The material located in the hopper 1, is displaced and moves to the bottom with the outer screw 3, so that it is captured by the spirals of the inner screw 4, which is due to the relative motion of the two screws moves the material in the axial direction of the orifice plate 203' specified external screws. Part of the screw 4, which works inside the hopper 1, uses the internal diameter of the external screw 3 as the reactive chamber to allow discharge in the axial direction and compaction of waste delivered to the specified external screw 3. Working speeds of the two screws, you can simply determine experimentally depending on the type of material, podlasek the seal, so they are not listed here specifically.

As shown in figure 4, in the zone plate 203, the shaft 104 of the internal screw 4 is made in one piece with it the plate 204 that its inner edge is partial rotation within the Central opening of said plate 203, and is provided by an annular sealing means 14 between the plate 204 and the adjacent flange 108 to protect the bearings 11' and 11.

Internal screw 4 has one of a cylindrical helix with a pitch that decreases in the direction of the discharge outlet or more simply with a constant pitch, as shown in the drawings, and has a length providing a protrusion on a suitable area of the Central aperture of the plate 203' of the outer screw 3, and this protruding area working within a tubular stator 15, the discharge opening 115 which is of the form "peaks flute" with tilt down, and the stator is provided with an intermediate flange 215, which is attached to the end wall 301 of the hopper 1 and part of which passes through a hole made in the wall, and comes with the possibility of rotation in the Central hole of said plate 203' with access to the inside of the hopper 1. The inner side surface of the stator 15 is a longitudinal in-depth and/or towering ribs 16, which is necessary to impart screw sealing material is ialu axial feed and similar corrugation (not shown) may also be provided inside the hopper 1.

The compressive device 17 of a known type acts on the outlet 115 of the stator 15; description of such devices are shown, for example, in the patent application Italy No. VOA-693 on behalf of the applicant, and it facilitates the compression and compaction of the material discharged by the internal screw 3.

The bottom of the hopper 1 may be provided with a lattice area 18 which is continuously cleaned by the outer spirals of the screw 3 and which is connected to a small box 118, fixed outside the specified hopper and provided with a tube 218 to drain any fluid that due to the presence of steps that exists between the specified bottom of the hopper and the lower part of the sealing stator 15, accumulates within the specified bin. As an alternative solution, you can use the solution described in the application for a utility model Italy No. VO-U78 on behalf of the applicant and which provides an opening for release of liquids located in the lower part of the wall 201 of the hopper, the lower part of the flange 106, and closed with a suitable gap continuation of the plate 203 of the feed screw 3, which is provided with scrapers for constant cleaning of the specified gap and said hole to release the liquid.

Just as no limit is inogo nature of the example, as shown in figure 1, the length L1 of the outer screw 3 may be in the range of about 240 mm, while the length L2 of the entire system of screws may be approximately 500 mm Final size L3 of the press may be, as shown in figure 2, within 650 mm

Below is a description of a variant of implementation of the press, also formed by two cylindrical screws of different diameters and different step, which rotate at different speeds, and a length dimension defined by the sealing screw two screws, which has a great length with reference to Figure 5, 6 and 7. Unlike previous solutions, the two screws are located one above the other and/or are partially along each other, but at different heights. Having a large diameter feed screw 3' similar to the previous screw with the only difference consisting in the fact that the direction of its spiral is opposite to the direction of the spiral sealing screw, so that during the rotation of the two screws in the same direction feed screw moves the material in a direction opposite to the direction of movement using the specified sealing screw. The bottom 101' hopper 1' partially rounded along the axis of the conveying screw 3' with any suitable inner and outer ribs (not shown) below and along side the specified rounded part, and the specified bunker app is siteline half the length of its bottom (see 7) completed with a window 19 in the direction of which the said screw 3' pushes the material that is picked up by a sealing screw 4'running in the lower continuation of the lower part 101" bunker, which has a rounded profile with a curvature along the axis of the same sealing screw 4'. End plates 203, 203' of the conveying screw 3' in this case does not have axial holes, as in the previous solution, and made in one piece with the hub 403, 403', based on the pan 20, 20', which are connected by means of flanges with the outer side of end wall 210' and 301' bunker 1', and one of these hubs, which protrudes from the corresponding pan, has connected with it's key gear 9, which, in turn, is connected through circuit 209 with the appropriate gear 109 that is installed with tabs on the axis of the Executive of the transfer unit 13' of the engine. The same wall of the hopper, which supports the specified Buchs 20 has buxu 21, on which rests with the protrusion of the shaft 104' sealing screw 4', which in this case is also located in the stator 15', which with its flange 215' mounted on the end wall 301' bunker 1' and which in this case is also controlled at the outlet 115' automatic restraining and sealing device 17'. The shaft 104' of the lower screw is protruding from the pan 21 and is connected by a key directly the NGOs with slow output shaft of the gear unit 13' of the engine. In this embodiment, the press no liquid accumulation at the bottom of the hopper, because the lowest point of the hopper is in line with the sealing stator 15', so that it can perform the removal of the specified liquid together with compacted material. If necessary, may be provided to trap the liquid in the beginning bottom part 101" hopper, which serves as a housing for the lower screw 4' opposite the window 19, the one above, with the formation of this lower part of the lattice area 18' (see Fig.7) and outside this zone box outlet tube, similar to the positions 118 and 218 in the solution shown in Figure 1. In this case, can also be used for the production of liquid variant implementation, described in the application for a utility model Italy No. VO-U78 in the name of applicant, location of the drain holes in the lowest part of the wall 201' of the hopper and close the gap a continuation of the plate 204' sealing screw, while this plate is provided with scrapers for constant cleaning of the specified gap and the drain.

Screw press shown in the drawings with a horizontal arrangement, however, it should be understood that they can be appropriately tilted its longitudinal axis up or down. It should also be understood that the description of the apply is to a preferred variant of the invention, which can be made a variety of changes and additions, in particular constructive, for example, both solutions having a larger diameter feed screw 3 or 3' can have two spirals or only one coil, which is made with a protrusion in one piece with one conveyor plate 203, which is based on having the appropriate size pan.

1. Screw press for compacting solid waste to remove them through collections of sorted waste, containing the first feed screw (3)which is connected to the side with the lower hole of the hopper (1) to remove material from it and feed the next second sealing screw (4), surrounded by a corrugated inside the stator body to ensure delivery and compaction of the material, which occurs in combination with the action of the gripping means at the outlet of the specified last screw, the first feed screw (3) made with the diameter and pitch greater than the diameter and pitch of the second sealing screw (4), characterized in that the two indicated screws (3, 4) separated and parallel to each other and over or around each other with education in General, the press, which has a length corresponding to the length of the longest of the two screws, and means are provided to ensure operation of these two screws with different speeds BP is recorded, the speed of rotation of the second sealing screw (4) is greater than the rotation speed of the first conveying screw (3).

2. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed screw (3) has only a spiral vane or blade and is made hollow in the axial direction to surround the part of the sealing screw (4), preferably located coaxially aligned.

3. The press according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner sealing screw (4) is made with an outer diameter that is less than the diameter of the inner cavity of the outer conveying screw (3), and with a step, which, for example, approximately four times less than the specified step of the outer screw.

4. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed screw (3) is designed as a screw, for example, with two groups and formed by two helices (103, 103'), which are offset from each other by 180°, cover each half step and welded with their ends to a pair of round and parallel plates (203, 203').

5. The press according to claim 4, characterized in that, when the two screws (3, 4) are coaxial, two end plates (203, 203') of the feed screw (3) is made with the corresponding axial and concentric holes (303, 303'), and one of these plates (203) is rotatably into the corresponding hole (5), performed on the adjacent end wall (201) of the hopper (1), having fixed to its the external side boxu (6), which by means of bearings (7) supports rotatably the sleeve (8)which is mounted by means of pins on its outer end a gear (9) of suitable diameter and made in one piece with it on the inner end of the flange (108), which is fixed to the specified end plate (203) conveying screw (3), when this is provided by the annular sealing means (10) on the inner side of this bearing (7) for its protection.

6. The press according to claim 5, characterized in that the gear (9) and said flange (108) is designed for a bearing outer ring of the bearings (11, 11'), which supports rotatably the shaft end (104) of the internal screw (4), and the other end of this shaft is mounted by means of pins on it gear (12) of suitable diameter, which together with the specified coaxial gear (9) is driven into rotation located in the center of the transfer block (13) of the engine, the slow shaft of which is mounted on it by means of keys gear (109, 112), which through appropriate circuits (209, 212) pass the required rotation of these gears (9, 12) and kinematically connected with them part.

7. The press according to claim 4, characterized in that the direction of the spirals of the screw (3, 4) is the same and the direction of their rotation such that the material freely on th is th in the hopper (1), shifts and moves to the bottom of the slow outer screw (3)so that it can be captured by the internal spiral screw (4), which is due to the relative motion of the two screws moves the material in the direction of the axial bore of the end plate (203') specified outside screw, so that the fast part of the screw (4), which operates inside the hopper (1), uses the internal diameter of the outer screw (3) as a reactive chamber for starting the discharge in the axial direction and compaction of waste delivered to the specified external screw (3).

8. The press according to claim 6, characterized in that the supporting and rotating the end of the shaft (104) of the internal screw (4) is made in one piece with it the plate (204), which with its inner edge is partially rotatably in the Central hole of the adjacent end plate (203) of the outer screw, and is provided by an annular sealing means (14) between the plate (204) and a connecting flange (108) to protect the bearings (11', 11), which relies on the specified shaft (104).

9. The press according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner sealing screw (4) has one of a cylindrical helix with a pitch that decreases in the direction of the discharge outlet or with a constant pitch and length, providing the protrusion section of the Central hole of the end plate (203') external VI is the (3), while specified protruding area working inside the tubular stator (15), which is made of corrugated inside and face outlet (115)having the form of a tilting downwards, and the stator is provided with an intermediate flange (215), mounted on the end wall (301) of the hopper (1), and part of the stator passes through the hole made in the specified end wall and is rotatably in the Central hole of said plate (203') opening into the hopper (1), while the compressive device (17) acts on the outlet opening (115) stator (15) to facilitate the compression and compaction of the material discharged rapid internal screw (4).

10. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the hopper (1) is provided with a lattice area (18), which is continuously cleaned by the outer spirals of the screw (3) and communicated with box (118), mounted on the outside of the hopper and provided with a tube (218) to drain any fluid that due to the presence of steps that exists between the specified bottom of the hopper and the lower part of the sealing stator (15) sealing screw (4), may accumulate inside the bunker.

11. The press according to claim 4, characterized in that the bottom wall (201) of the hopper and/or the flange (106)mounted on buochs (6) with bearings supporting one end of the screws, are cut to release the fluid, which has been closed since the approach is relevant gap continuation driven in rotation by the motor plate (203) conveying screw (3), while this plate is provided with scrapers for constant cleaning of the specified gap and said hole to release the liquid.

12. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the length (L1) of the outer screw (3) is approximately 240 mm, the length (L2) of the entire system of screws is approximately 500 mm, and the final dimension (L3) of the press is within 650 mm

13. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed screw (3') is located on the side and above the sealing screw (4') or part thereof.

14. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the direction of passage of the spiral feed screw (3') opposite to the direction of the spiral sealing screw (4') so that during the rotation of the two screws in the same direction feed screw moves the material in a direction opposite to the direction of movement using the specified sealing screw, with the hopper (1') is made with partially rounded bottom (101'), having its center on the axis of the feed screw (3'), with any appropriate internal and longitudinal ribs, and at the bottom of the hopper along side the specified rounded part and approximately half of the length of the bottom is a window (19), in the direction of which the said feed screw (3') pushes the material that is picked up by the sealing screw (4'), which operates in the lower continuation of the lower part (101') of the hopper, there is a corresponding rounded profile with a curvature along the axis specified sealing screw (4').

15. Press through 14, characterized in that the end plates (203, 203') of the conveying screw (3') is made in one piece with the hub (403, 403')based on pan (20, 20'), which are connected by means of flanges with the outer side of end wall 210', 301') of the hopper (1'), and one of these hubs, which protrudes from the corresponding pan, has connected with it by a spline gear (9)which is connected through a circuit (209) with the appropriate gear (109)that is installed through the tabs on the axis of the Executive of the transfer block (13') engine, with the same wall (201') of the hopper, which supports the specified Buchs (20), has boxu (21), on which rests with the protrusion of the shaft (104') sealing screw (4'), which is located in the seal stator (15'), secured by its flange (215') on the end wall (301') of the hopper (1'), outlet (115') which is governed by automatic gripping and sealing device (17')with the specified shaft (104') of the lower screw is protruding from the axle boxes (21) and connected to the key directly with slow output shaft of the gear unit (13') of the engine.

16. Press on item 13, characterized in that the lower part (101') of the hopper (1'), which serves as a housing for the lower sealing screw (4')with located opposite the window (19), posted above, lattice area (18) and located outside of this zone box outlet tube to drain fluid, contained in the sealed products.

17. Press on item 13, characterized in that the outlet for the liquid is made in the bottom wall (201') of the hopper, which provides means of drive screws, but such opening is closed with a gap continuation of the plate (204') sealing screw, while this plate is provided with scrapers for constant cleaning of the specified clearance and outlet for the liquid.

18. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws are located with their longitudinal axes horizontal or tilted preferably upwards.

19. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that having a larger diameter feed screw (3, 3') has two spirals or spiral, is made with a protrusion in one piece with one of the conveyor plate (203), which is based on having the appropriate size pan.