Method of cooking of the food stuff by extrusion

FIELD: food industry; methods of cooking of the foodstuff by extrusion.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the method of cooking of the foodstuff by extrusion. The method provides for reprocessing of the first food stuff having the density from 75 up to 130 g/l in the first section of the extruder, then they reprocess the second food stuff having the density from 75 up to 130 g/l in the second section of then extruder and extrude these two food stuffs through one common or two separate outlet holes. The first and second food stuffs are reprocessed in the opposite directions and as the result of it the food stuffs are moving towards to each other using rotation of one or two augers. The first section has essentially reverse spiral or the reverse spirals, as compared with the second section. According to the method the first and second food stuffs are combined before the extrusion and after that they are extruded through the common outlet hole. The first and second food stuffs may be similar and each of them is reprocessed in the corresponding sections by the similar methods. The first and second food stuffs may be different and each of them is reprocessed in the corresponding section differently. As the result of it the method ensures reduction of friction and abrasion and also the undesirable efforts.

EFFECT: the invention ensures reduction of friction and abrasion and exclusion of the undesirable efforts.

6 cl, 4 dwg, 2 ex, 2 tbl

The object of this invention is a method for preparing a food product using an extruder.

U.S. patent No. 5891502 describes a method of cooking a food product by extrusion, whereby enter the first processed edible substance in the first section of the twin screw extruder; introducing receive a second food substance the second section of the twin screw extruder; and the first and second sections are separated to provide separate processing in each section. Nutrients are transported in the same direction, but in different sections of the extruder.

U.S. patent No. 5891503 describes a method for preparing a food product by extrusion, whereby enter the first processed edible substance in the first section of the twin-screw extruder, direct food substance when it first section of the extruder in the cooking apparatus; cooking apparatus is connected in series with the first section; and re-enter the last heat treatment of food material in the entrance of the second section of the extruder for further processing. The first and second sections of the extruder are made with the possibility of separate processing in each section. This method is a variant of the above-mentioned method, and also according to the method of nutrients transported in one direction in the extra the ore.

The advantage of these two methods is that they use only one thruster. Usually in the extruder for propulsion requires a very large space. For the drive shaft using the electric motor or the engine.

Provided by the engine speed should be reduced by the reducer, which is itself often takes more space than the engine. Finally, a bulky transmission to further reduce the speed in the case of co-rotating twin screw extruder she passes the speed from one shaft to the two parallel shaft. Therefore, described above prior art requires a large space. For each mover (engine, gearbox and gearbox together) usually requires its own staff, because of the extrusion process, including its propulsion, usually in need of constant surveillance.

The above-mentioned two methods have some disadvantages from the point of view of mechanics. First, introduce nutrients during their transportation exert a force in the direction of the engine and its transmission. This force is a force which counteracts the force caused by rotation of the screw, and transporting nutrients. If the value of this effort reaches a certain threshold, then the engine must be stopped, that is, predotvratite serious damage to the gearbox of the engine. This means direct loss of performance and necessitates additional measures maintenance to restore operational status of the extruder.

Secondly, shaft screw extruder according to the prior art essentially is attached only in the gearbox. To ensure the proper direction of the screw any other fastening shaft is not provided. Therefore, away from the gearbox, auger begins to touch the inner wall of the cylinder during rotation, and therefore he is constantly in a state of friction. The screw and the inner wall of the cylinder over time are subjected to considerable abrasion. Thirdly, for the above-mentioned methods, although they allow the processing of a food product in different sections of the same extruder, they require two devices selection of food product instead of one, because there are two outputs in different locations of the extruder. The execution of the output depends on the extrudable food product. For example, the output of the extruder may contain at one end of the last cylinder of the extruder Central plate, the distributor and the cylinder of the extruder. So for extruders of the prior art requires more equipment than for extruder with a single output.

This invention is directed to solving Isla emich above problems. The present invention also provides the above-mentioned advantages of the prior art.

The present invention is to provide a method for cooking a food product by extrusion, whereby the friction and abrasion, in General, and also the unwanted effects of reduced effort.

The present invention also provides a method of cooking a food product by extrusion, according to which process the first food substance in the first section of the extruder, process the second food substance in the second section of the extruder and ekstragiruyut two nutrients from a single hole or two separate outlets and also processed according to which the first and second nutrients in the extruder in opposite directions, with the result that they move towards each other.

This extruder, which may be single - or twin-screw extruder, and it really significantly reduces the pressure acting on the transmission, stabilize and guide the screw in the cylinder and also provide a selection of processed food product in two sections with only one device selection.

In addition, you only need one driver.

In this description, the term "food substance" including the AET all components introduced together or separately, simultaneously or sequentially, one or the other of the two sections of the extruder and processed together, at least in part of this section.

For example, the food substance contains a mixture of grains, for example, those who used to cook Breakfast cereal (flakes, crispy products, cereals and other). This term also includes mixtures of fodder for extruding semi-dry or dry food for animals, such as, for example, granules and other forms.

In the present invention, the expression "outlet" means any possible outdoor exit, or the head of the extruder, for example a cylinder of the extruder with one or more mouthpieces with all kinds of shapes and sizes used to obtain a desired product. Open hole can also be done without the head of the extruder. The output can contain the Central plate, the distributor and the cylinder of the extruder. Sometimes the Central plate has a die plate pre-expansion. For purposes of this invention, these parts you can modify, replace, delete or add other details depending on the received extrudable food material.

In this invention, the terms "shaft" and "screw" also include the plural, unless the individual is acting Since this invention is not limited to either a single-or twin-screw extruders, so the plural is sometimes not mentioned for the sake of presentation.

Implementation of the proposed method can begin with nutrients, from which the extrusion is possible to obtain the widest possible range of food products such as Breakfast cereals, children's Breakfast cereals, a coating of crumbs, pastry, pasta or products for Pets, for example.

Components and their respective proportions you can find and these substances can then be processed in the extruder under the conditions of pressure, shear forces and temperature, which are selected in accordance with characteristics of the products obtained, especially depending on humidity and degree of expansion obtained after passing the head of the extruder.

As indicated above, the extruder is divided into two separate sections, contains two input holes on the two far ends of the extruder and one or two output holes between the two sections.

The extruder may have two parallel screw, in which the parallel shafts of the augers are connected with the propeller in the first far end of the extruder and end bearing in the second far end of the extruder.

The spiral screw p is pout section can be essentially opposite to the spiral augers in the second section, resulting in nutrient input into two input holes are transported in opposite directions to the outlet or to the two output holes during processing.

Or extruder may be a single screw, the shaft of the auger is connected with the propeller in the first far end of the extruder and end bearing in the second far end of the extruder.

In the latter case, the spiral auger in the first section can also be essentially opposite to the helix of the auger in the second section, resulting in nutrient input into two input holes are transported in opposite directions to the outlet or to the two output holes during processing.

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a food product by extrusion, according to which process the first edible substance having a density of from 75 to 135 g/l, in the first section of the extruder, process the second edible substance having a density of from 75 to 135 g/l, in the second section of the extruder and ekstragiruyut two nutrients through one common or two separate outlets, with the first and second nutrients are processed in opposite directions, with the result that they move towards each other.

Processing two foods at meetings what's directions so they moved towards each other, can be accomplished by rotation of the screw passing through the two sections of the processing of the food product, while the auger of the first section is essentially the reverse helix compared with the second section.

The first food substance can be connected with the second food substance before extrusion and then both nutrients can be ekstradiroval through a common outlet.

In this case, it is possible to obtain two-tone products. For this purpose, the first and second nutrients in different colors or the same nutrients that were painted different food dyes.

Also, you may receive more than two different colors, if any of the two nutrients already has components of different colors. Therefore, it is possible extruding the food product of three or more colors, it is possible to obtain multi-color food.

For example, you can get two-tone jointly extruded pet food or grain Breakfast. Two colors may indicate different taste substances, functional ingredients, for example.

For example, the animal feed may be intended for cats and/or dogs. It may contain ingredients for weight loss and/or health-enhancing ingredients (functional ingredients).

To obtain two-color the food is on the product output of the two nutrients of different colors can be combined in a common output hole or prior to and in conjunction to ekstradiroval.

Either the first and second food substance may be identical and each of them can be recycled in their respective sections in a similar way.

Either method can be modified so that the first and second nutrients were different and that each of them were converted to their respective sections in different ways.

You might also consider cutting extrudable food product before it is processed into a final product.

It is possible to provide for the implementation of the method using a twin-screw extruder, containing two parallel shaft with screws, or by using a single screw extruder with one shaft and one screw.

It is possible to provide such a geometry of the screw for each partition that will be appropriate to meet recyclable substance and the products obtained. In particular, it is possible to provide a consistent and/or alternating zones for transportation, compaction, compression, kneading or mixing, for example. For definitions of these different areas, you can change the step of the screw, the space left free for recyclable substances, particularly defined by respective diameters of rolls or coils; or you can enter the double protrusions of different shapes, for example. It is also possible to subdivide the cylinder of the extruder on several independent who's compartments, in which the temperature can be adjusted individually, for example by circulation of cooling or heating fluid. The mechanical energy required for processing the first and second substances in two sections of the extruder and passing through the cylinder or head, it is possible to provide a single means of drive screws two - or single-screw extruder, for example by an electric motor.

Finally, for the passage of nutrients through the cylinder, this motor can facilitate or its load can be reduced by using a positive displacement pump such as a gear pump mounted near the head of the extruder.

The device and method according to the present invention is illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, on which:

Figure 1 schematically shows a side projection of the method, according to which the single-screw extruder has one outlet;

Figure 2 schematically shows the upper horizontal projection implementation, according to which co-rotating twin screw extruder has two outlets.

Figure 3 schematically shows the upper horizontal projection of the implementation with two output holes and in more detail shows the geometry of the screws and cylinders from the vents.

4 with tematicheskie shows a side projection of the implementation with one outlet and in more detail shows the geometry of the screw and cylinder at the outlet.

Under option presented on Figure 1: single screw extruder 1, is divided into two separate sections 2 and 3, is designed for the extrusion of two separate nutrients through one common outlet 6.

The outlet 6 for nutrients, processed in both sections, performed below the junction of the two sections. Each section contains several separate cylinders 19. The first inlet 4 is in the first far end 12 of the extruder for the first food substance (A), introduced in the first section 2 processing. The second entry hole 5 is located on the second end 13 of the extruder for the second food substance (In), enter the second section of the 3 processing of food substances. The shaft 17 passes through the two sections 2 and 3, and then passes from the first far end 12 into an engine 11, for example in the motor, gearbox and gearbox designed for rotation of the shaft 17. After the second far end 13 of the extruder 1, the shaft is supported on the bearing 14. In sections 2 and 3, the shaft has a surrounding screw 18, the spiral which, among other things, is intended to guide the transportation of nutrients in sections 2 and 3. To food substances through the inlet openings 4 and 5, respectively, were able to move towards each other towards a common discharge opening 6, the spiral snake in section 2 is essentially the opposite of the spiral auger 18 in section 3.

The screw 15 is surrounded by a cylinder 19, five of them in each section 2 and 3, and one additional cylinder, which is based on a common outlet 6.

According to the variant shown in figure 2: twin-screw extruder 1, is divided into two separate sections 2 and 3, is designed for the extrusion of two separate nutrients through two separate outlets 7 and 8. Therefore, the first outlet port 7 is made as the output for the first food substances handled in the first section 2 and the second outlet port 8 is made as the output for the second nutrient, processed in the second section 3. Two separate outlets 7 and 8 are located at the junction of the two sections. In the variant according to Figure 2, the outlet openings 7 and 8 are transverse to the extruder 1. The first inlet 4 is in the first far end 12 of the extruder for the first foods introduced in the first section 2 processing. The second entry hole 5 is in the second far end 13 of the extruder for the second food substance entered the second section of the processing of nutrients.

Two shafts 9 and 10 pass through the two sections 2 and 3 and then pass through the first end 12 to the propeller 11 containing, for example, a motor, a gearbox and a gearbox designed for rotation of the shafts 9 and 10. After the second [daln] the first end 13 of the extruder shafts 1 are based on the ultimate bearing 14. In sections 2 and 3 shafts 9 and 10 both have surrounding the auger 15 and 16, respectively. Spiral geometry, among other things, is intended to guide the transportation of nutrients in sections 2 and 3. So that nutrients can enter through the inlet openings 4 and 5, respectively, are moved toward each other toward the respective outlet openings 7 and 8, while the spiral augers 15 and 16 in section 2 is essentially opposite to the spiral augers 15 and 16 in section 3.

Figure 3 in more detail shows a possible implementation of the two outlet openings of the extruder 1, illustrated in figure 2. Two food substances (a and b)moving towards each other through the two sections 2 and 3, are transported to the two opposite cinecam 20 and 21, respectively, which direct food substances a and b in their respective outlet openings 7 and 8. Dynamic shutter 22 excludes the passage of nutrients in the opposite section. Two outlet openings 7 and 8 are made of similar components. The Central plate 23 is inserted in each of the last cylinder 26 or 27 of the respective sections and also directs nutrients in the dispenser 24. From there, the nutrients go into the head 25 of the extruder, which additionally defines the shape and type of extrudable food substances.

Figure 4 in more detail p which shows a possible implementation of the outlet 6 single-screw extruder, depicted in figure 1. In this case, as a rule, dynamic speed and reverse auger is not in use. In the cylinder 28, is placed between the two sections 2 and 3 made the hole 6, which contains the Central plate, the distributor 23 and head 24 of the extruder.

The following example explains the method according to this invention and the products obtained with its help. Percentages and fractions are given by weight.

In this example, if necessary, the oil can be determined depending on its physical destination in processed and extrudable mass, and depending on his taste - neutral or otherwise. You can choose from a group that includes the palm, peanut or corn oil, for example. In these examples, a mixture of flour, oil and water is injected in the proper amounts individually into the inlet of the corresponding section of the extruder.

EXAMPLE 1

Used extruder similar to that presented in figure 2. Head extruder made in the form of two plates, which made six cylindrical extrusion passages with a diameter of 3.5 mm

This setting is used to prepare two different types of products - Breakfast cereal, ingredients and conditions of which are given below in tables 1 and 2. Table 1 indicates the ingredients mixtures of flour, the PCC is rcii in two typical mixtures a and b and the possible limits of their proportions.

Table 2 indicates the number of ingredients that are entered in each section of this unit per hour, humidity substances or recycled masses and working conditions.

For processing mass: in the first section of the field in the intermediate zone transportation injected water vapor.

Thus, we obtain two different product - to-eat Breakfast cereals in the form of increased volume of spheres with a diameter of 8-12 mm

EXAMPLE 2: two-tone animal feed

The initial mixture consists of approximately 58 wt.% corn, 5.5 wt.% corn gluten, 22 wt.% chicken meal, 10% of a mixture of dietary fatty acids, containing 60% of solid animal fat, 25% sunflower oil, 15% cocoa butter; the rest is salt, vitamins and minerals. The mixture is divided into two equal parts.

Each part of the mixture fed into the pre-thickening, moisturize and add different colors (red and tan).

Wetted parts are different colors (first and second nutrients) served in two different inlet of the extruder shown in figure 1.

Painted in a different color of food substances gelatinous, subjected to heat treatment in two sections and connected to the General output hole and ekstragiruyut together.

The extra the new product is cut into pieces, convenient for feeding dogs, dried at 110°C for about 20 min and cooled to obtain a two-color granules.

1. The method of cooking a food product by extrusion, according to which process the first edible substance having a density of from 75 to 130 g/l in the first section of the extruder, process the second edible substance having a density of from 75 to 130 g/l, in the second section of the extruder and ekstragiruyut two nutrients through one common or two separate outlets, with the first and second nutrients are processed in opposite directions, with the result that they move towards each other.

2. The method according to claim 1, in which process two nutrients in opposite directions, with the result that they move towards each other, by rotation of one or two screws, and the first section has a substantially reverse spiral or reverse helix compared with the second section.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second nutrients connect before extrusion, after which they ekstragiruyut through a common outlet.

4. The method according to claim 2, in which the first and second nutrients connect before extrusion, after which they ekstragiruyut through a common outlet.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the first and second food the substances are similar and each of them is processed in the respective sections in a similar way.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the first and second nutrient is different and each of them is processed in the relevant sections in different ways.