Ship driven by hull pitching energy

FIELD: ship building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building, particularly to ships exploiting pitching energy to set the ship in motion and/or to supply its loads. Proposed ship comprises a hull with its contents isolated and built in the platform elastically mounted inside the hull. The hull can be forced by waves to pitch relative to the platform in midplane within the limits allowed by springs. Ship propulsors represent propulsion elastically vibrating wings extended from ship bow and stern with the help of rigid load bearing beams.

EFFECT: higher degree of wave energy extraction due to reduced ship inertia in pitching.

5 cl, 32 dwg, 3 ex

1. The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention concerns the field of technology related to water transport, fisheries, shipbuilding, offshore energy, protection of Maritime borders, protection of nature and environment, development of the shelves, water sports, and, also, with the expansion of human habitat in the direction of the seas and oceans, with a focus on creating homes, floating in the sea and backed energy pitching his case.

2. The level of technology.

2.1. The use of wave energy for power supply and movement of vessels.

Currently, there are no ships that actually use wave energy to provide their own translational motion and/or power supply on-Board consumers. Known only to patents and certificates of invention in this field, the real demand is for several reasons not yet emerged. Among them:

- hydrodynamic propulsion for swimming facilities (Lignones Hubert [1]), made in the form of traction oscillating wing, located on the longitudinal underwater beam, a hinge connecting the main and auxiliary hull;

wave propulsion Û.F. Senkin([2], [8], [25]), containing traction oscillating wings attached to the hull so that when the elastic deviations from the horizontal direction (oblique wave flow) they gave the greatest traction effect;

- marine propulsion (Takashi Harada [3], [21]), made in the form of a horizontal frame with plenty of traction oscillating plates (wings), recessed into the bottom of the vessel using a pair of side racks;

- propulsion (propulsion) system for ships (Momot, Adam [4], [20]), which contains longitudinal feed shaft equipped with traction oscillating wing, called on the excitement of moving the ship forward;

wave fin propulsion device (Hiroshi Nobunaga [5]), consisting of pairs of bow and stern fins and sensors flowing direction of their threads used by the computer for optimal orientation of the fins;

- hydrocrane that uses the power of waves to generate thrust (Tomoyose Riichi[6], [24),

ship stabilizer, generating thrust (Matsumwa Shinsuke [7]), disposing of rolling and wave flows on the same principle as the previous wing;

- propellers (Yutaka Terao[9], [10], [23]), as one or two wings, held under the bottom of the vessel pairs of uprights, providing elastic vibrations of the wings, creating cravings during pitching;

- ship (Isshiki Hiroshi [11]), with the omitted at the time of work for the Board through the racks, pulling wings variable curvature, shaken motors and motion vertically;

- sea vessel, driven by waves (Daniel D. DeLima [12]), use to create a thrust three groups traction wings, strengthened what's on each of its streamlined "cigar", from which side relegated from the sides of the consoles at the required distance;

wave actuators for robots (Einar Jakobsen [13] and [14])that contains traction scuba wing held on moving inside the fluctuating vertical post used, also, for the recovery of hydraulic power;

- flexible folding elastic fins (J.A.Gause [15]), straining with excitement and pitching create cravings and apply as for single hull and catamaran and tandem, where the fin is mounted between the housings;

a number of flexible fins with each ship (Olav Litsheim [16]) and on the bottom of the vessel (Karl-Erik F. Jonsson [18]), during the agitation creates cravings;

- fore and aft pair of plate stabilizers (Jozef Nawara [17]), in addition to stabilizing pitching create cravings due to their installation on the axes and limitations of angular oscillations around them;

platform as a tri (..Hollar [19]), swaying from side to side, passenger, traction forces wings attached near parallel to the housing side gondola to take in the water Mahi and generate thrust.

2.2. The analysis of the failure of previous attempts.

The analysis of numerous inventions in the field of creation of ships and other floating vessels, moving the translational energy of the waves shows that they have a single common errors. It is expressed in the desire ol the previous inventors directly be used for this difference in vertical transverse velocities traction wings and flowing water masses (wave flows) ν.

For wings, located at or near hull, these differences are small compared to the desired speed of the courts. Therefore, the total oscillating velocity of the oncoming flow, affecting traction wing, formed with a small horizontal changing the angle called the angle of bevel of the flux ψ. It defines the ability to generate thrust elastically held in a flow wing. For all the above inventions at a sufficient speed that the angle is very small and for commercial applications is unacceptable, because generated at these speeds the thrust is also small.

In order to create significant traction, the wing must, first, be formed with a forced flow of a sufficient angle of attack α, which determines the magnitude of the normal (lifting) force, and, secondly, a sufficient angle of the wing chord from the horizon u that defines the projection of the lifting force on the horizontal, in fact, which is the thrust. This wing has its chord to take a position inside of the bevel angle of flow, so that ψ=u+α. However, as you know, created by the wing thrust T is proportional to the product of the square of the wing S, multiplied by the product of the square of the relative velocity V and sinuses formed of angle of attack and wing bias

Here: C and ρ is the lift coefficient, and tightly the th water.

To obtain the maximum value of thrust angles of attack α and the slope of its chord u if sufficient power pitching should be approximately equal to half the angle of bevel of the flux ψ, i.e. in the case of a powerful pitching the best option control wing gives T=CρV²S sin(ψ/2)²/2). But even in this optimal case, the thrust dramatically decreases with increasing speed of the vessel ≈V, driven by the energy of the waves decreases as the angle of bevel of the flux ψ≈ν/V. For normal speed obtained T=CρV²S(ν/V)²/8), i.e. T=Cρν²S/8. The vertical component of velocity of water relative to the housing, where the inventors have placed their wing propulsion, ν is less than the velocity of the water particles in the wave, i.e. not more than 1 m/sec. Thus, the thrust is almost absent. That's why over the past century has not been embodied tempting idea to use wave for giving her a translational motion.

2.3. The solutions to the problems of speed.

2.3.1. Four factors provide a fast turn.

The invention [26] reshaped the problem situation with achieving commercially acceptable speed of the vessel due to four main factors.

First, it uses to receive wave energy is not a wing, and the hull of the vessel as a whole. This led to the fact that the number of received energy from the waves repeatedly in the zrelo by the active area of the power receiver (the cross-sectional area of the hull at the waterline) in tens and hundreds times more than the active area of the wing.

Secondly, in addition to the dynamic component of wave energy, housing, unlike the wing, she is also its static part in the form of unbalanced forces of hydrostatic pressure and gravity.

Thirdly, all this energy stored corps, served them far removed from the housing of the traction wings in independent plots of water masses, unassociated with the case in its vertical oscillations.

Fourthly, the vertical extent of the wing according to the lever rule be up to a dozen or more times longer than its relative vertical oscillation of water particles on the body or in its immediate vicinity, where the authors have established their own versions of cruise propulsion. This factor is crucial, because finally the desired bevel angle of flux ψ is an order of magnitude greater, i.e satisfactory.

2.3.2. General architecture retractable winged propulsion.

Thus, the elastically mounted on the axles 6 and 6 pulling the wings 14 and 9 here, in contrast to the previously known solutions, become active, driven motion of the vessel through coloration bow and stern light and hard shafts 13 and 10, is advanced along the keel away from the eye is acestei vessel (Figure 1, 2).

Due to videotest traction wings from the extremities of the ship forward and backward during the keel and/or heave achieved their activity is associated with a significant (order of magnitude) increase in the amplitude of their vertical movements relative to water. This is especially noticeable if the length of the arrows dynamically adjusts the wavelength so that the flapping of the wings fall into the out of phase with the wave motion of water masses. In addition, the power supplied to them by the rocking of the vessel, as has been said, more than 1-2 order the one which you can rely on-Board or adjacent to the sides, bottom, or ends of the vessel wings.

Experiments on physical models of ships cachedb with a pair of traction wings, exposed forward and backward along the keel with a hard, but very light arrows show the amazing ability of these vessels to move nimbly through their own pitching generated energy waves. In most cases, model ships cachedb develop high speed, walking distance, equal to the length of its own body, for no more than a second.

Figa and 3b (view court-kacheguda from the bottom) demonstrate different ways of fastening the retractable shafts horizontally parallel scheme, namely, centered and decentered. By the first method during the work sliding bearing arrows are on the same axis, and in the second they are displaced from it by a distance e/2. The first method is more precise heading, the second is more reliable and easier to implement, since it does not have the bend B of the guides 16 and 17. Figure 1-3b show that court-kacheguda can be equipped with conventional propulsion systems used in calm or in other circumstances, as well as the fact that normal ships can be upgraded in the court-kacheguda equipping them with retractable winged traction installations.

2.4. Conning-kacheguda.

Figure 4 shows the cable schema extension and retraction of the front bearing arrows 10 in the guide groove 17. In connection with the extension of the traction wings with supporting arrows forward and backward normal driving may prove insufficient.

Therefore, all projects of vessels-cachedb pulling the wings are secured by means of turning the steering column (figure 5, 6, 7), unwrapping the wing to the desired angle by means of an electric gear motor 31, and able to work under water. With this purpose (Figure 4) cable-rope 15 in place of its connection with the runner 27 of the boom 10 has the output of the internal electric cable, hermetically United with the cable passing through the internal channel of the boom 10 and the first motor-reducer 31. At the ends of the fastening of the cable rope 15 to the winch 20 and 22, carrying the boom 10, there are also findings KAB is La, connected to the device steering the ship-kacheguda.

Managing speed is carried out both by the degree of extension aft and fore bearing shafts, and by regulating the stiffness of the elastic element 36. The latter determines the ratio in which the bevel angle ψ is divided by the chord of the wing on the slope angles of the wing from the horizontal u and an angle of attack α. Regulation stiffness of the spring 36 is performed by shifting regulatory pads rectangular section 37 that holds the spring in axial sliding groove of the wing 9. Adjust the stiffness of the spring is pre-sea or during the drift of the vessel. Obviously, remote or automatic configuration is preferable, because it can be performed at any desired time.

Maneuvering the vessel is turns steering columns 7 and 5 (Figure 1 and others)located at the ends of the sliding shafts 10 and 13 and the retaining traction wings 9 and 14. These types of maneuvers such as braking and drift are carried out by setting the neutral point of the wing (the phantom plane of rest) from 0° to 180°, and even greater range. A sharp deviation from the initial rate can be performed by a wing when you use it (them) as a steering wheel. To do this, simultaneously rotate the steering column at a desired angle bookmarks steering and obstruction neutral wing 90° down according to stoysin rotate the shaft axis 8, that temporarily turns the wing in the wheel. In this case, however, it is better to use the wing (Figure 5, 6, 7) without side visor guide 38, which is shown in Fig.

3. Disclosure of the invention.

3.1. Analysis of the existing project vessel kacheguda.

3.1.1. Theory.

The prototype of this design is taken a project vessel kacheguda patent [26], only as described above in General terms. The purpose of the invention is to dramatically increase the degree of extraction they wave energy by eliminating additional restrictions, which opened with the date of issue of the patent. This restriction are the forces of inertia, forming the vessel. They occur during the unrest in all its points as a reaction mass of the ship to accelerate pitching, which wave it is subjected. Forces of inertia, forming vessel, absorb a significant proportion of the energy which the excitement of ready, but may not transfer to the ship because of the constant spending it on braking and re-acceleration of the mass of the ship in motion. Try to quickly accelerate and stop quickly with 30 kg of sand in the backpack behind, and You'll understand what extra work is done by the wave.

Figure 1 shows a model of the concentration of the ship's mass M at the center of mass A. the loss of wave energy that is perceived by the body on a vertical strokes from the attached mass of the ship, under the assumption that W(t) is its velocity at time t, and M is the mass of the vessel, are:

Assuming that W(t)=W_osin(φ+ωt), i.e. changes in the harmonic law. Taking φ=0 and τ=ωt is the phase coordinate of a harmonic process heave, and choose the expression for W(t) from (2) we get: E=MW_o²∫sin(τ)cos(τ)dτ. Using the well-known expression sin(2τ)=2sin(τ)cos(τ) and the fact that energy has no direction, i.e. its spending cannot become its completion and should only grow, have

or E=MW_o²abs(-cos(x))/4. The amount of energy spent by the excitement in the build-up vessel for the quarter period pitching, i.e. for τ=π/4, will be Δ(1/4)=E(π)-E(0)=MW_o²/2 or half the period Δ(1/2)=MW_o². Next are interested in inertial losses of energy from the vertical pitching for the full period:

If the Central moment of inertia of the vessel in the median plane (BP) defined as J, as described, you can get the result for the inertial energy losses in the process of pitching:

3.1.2. Examples.

Example 1:

Assuming that the ship has a displacement (mass) 25000 t, and the amplitude of the speed heave is 1.1 m/s on the wave with a period of 10 sec, the energy is irreversibly absorbed what nertia during this period, is Δ₁=25000000 kg·(1.21 m²/s²)=30250000 (KGM/s²)m=30.25 meganm = 30.25, Magadi (1 j = 1 Nm), which corresponds to average power = 3.025 mW or 4.113 Tiss

Example 2:

Assuming that the length of the hull the previous example, 150 m, we can estimate the power irretrievably consumed inertial pitching motion, roughly having to calculate that the mass of the vessel (Figure 1) restorelocation from the centre equal portions m=12.5 tonnes at distances of r=50 m Hence the approximate moment of inertia of the vessel will be J=25000000·2500 KGM²= 62500000000 KGM². Assume that the ship is engaged angular oscillation amplitude up to 4° or until 0.0222 radian. During the same period average pitching angular velocity it will be ω=0.02277 1/sec, and the maximum of π/2 from the average, i.e. 0.0357 1/sec. The inertia mass angular acceleration absorbs energy according to the formula (5), and it is: Δ2=2·62500000000·1.278/1000 KGM²/s²= 155.7, Magadi. The losses of power are assessed on the basis of the period of pitching (10 sec) as 15.57 mW or 21.17 Tiss

Only the inertia of the mass of the ship (the sum of the two examples) irrevocably eats for 10 sec energy Δ1+Δ2=185.95 megag at an average power 18.59 mW or 25.3 Tiss

Example 3:

In the conditions of example 1, the average rate of heave is (1.1 m/s)/1.57=0.7 m/sec. Where wave height is 7 m, the Energy that this wave is willing to spend on the rise of the vessel at this height, will be determined as the product of the weight of the vessel (25 kilotons · 9.81 m/s²= 245.25 Megan) on the wave height of 7 m, which gives 1710, Magadi. Thus, only the vertical pitching able to develop the capacity 171 mW, i.e. 232.5 thousand PS

3.1.3. Pendulum way of overcoming the inertia braking pitching.

One possible solution to overcome the inertial energy losses pitching, namely, the pendulum indicated ibid [26]. Pendulum solution (Fig) is to be suspended under the keel the main part of the ship's mass in the fairing 44, calling it conditionally for the collection of masses that its location makes the ship floating in the physical pendulum with its period of oscillation. Removing or bringing it to the bottom of the vessel, can (automatically) adjust the length of the pendulum x to make the ship-the pendulum to swing in resonance with excitement. In the undesirable loss of wave energy on braking and acceleration of the masses dispersed in the vessel will disappear.

Model ships-pendulum with matching period of the oscillations with the period of the wave actually show an increase of speed in comparison with their simplistic bashmachnikov option. However, along with this, they have disadvantages, such as:

- inefficient distribution of mass of the vessel and the complexity of its design,

- additional placement of the ballast mass and total uvelicheniya ship,

- problems of motion in shallow water and additional resistance during vessel.

3.2. The exception inertia pitching to eliminate the energy loss of the wave.

3.2.1. Concept.

We realized that the mass of the vessel represent the inertial absorber wave energy, which is "captured" them at the very beginning of its income on housing, leaving only some part for conversion to a form suitable for self-propelled vessel or other managed uses. The perfect vessel, the body of which fully includes the energy supplied to him by the excitement, is a kind of abstract theoretical object - vessel, whose mass is removed, but keep the same weight. The simplest technical implementation of this object is a vessel, at which all the mass is concentrated in the collection and suspended on a long elastic string fixed at the center of gravity of the vessel and extending deep under the water, where, in fact, a collection of masses rests, pulling the rope. The inertia-free case and the vessel, in this case, is able to repeat all "tumbles" excitement without any inertial resistance, because the weight of the vessel withdrawn from it, and the force of gravity remained through the rope.

Real conditions, however, require other technical solutions, liberating rocking body from the influence of the rest mass of the vessel. In addition, we are interested in the maximum release of the body from the inertia of the masses not for all three angular and three linear degrees of freedom, but only 2 of them: one line on the vertical axis, and one corner - around the transverse horizontal axis. This corresponds to the free joint implementation of the keel and vertical types of pitching. So we will gradually release, or rather, to avoid these kinds of pitching corps from the inertia brake mass of the ship.

Next in order will be considered hinged and hingeless structural scheme of the anti-inertia (PI)mechanisms for courts-cachedh. In the hinge diagram (Fig.9, 10) in the area of the fuselage mid-section along the axis, there are two side hinge 45, protecting suspended on them a lot from pitching. The hinge includes axle swing 48 directly into the platform 44, “gathering” of the ship's mass, or (11, 12) in the frame heave 57, in which the compression spring 52 this platform rests.

3.2.2. Cachecode articulated PI mechanism.

3.2.2.1. PI-pitching mechanism.

Figure 9 and 10 (the side views and cross-sections) presents the ship-cached that is exempt from most of the inertial deceleration keel rolling by suspending the cargo platform 44 inside the main body 2 on the pins (axis) swing 48. The latter coincides with or is close to the center of the pitching C. Due to the fact that the center of gravity G of the cargo platform 44 is located below the center C in the cell h, it retains its stable position. The minimum value of h is determined by the specific conditions of the voyage and vessel size.

Between the platform 44 and technological partition 50 in the main hull must be the technological gap Z, allowing free relative angular swing of the platform 44 and the housing 2 with the amplitude of the ν-dependent limiting parameters of excitement and pitching.

The vessel has an auxiliary screw propeller 3 and the engine to be used when manoeuvring in ports and other difficult sections of the route. In normal conditions the excitement it uses traction wings 9 and 14, which are held by the shafts 10 and 13, sliding during operation of the canister 42 and 43 of the forward and backward from the extremities of the vessel. Acting from the pitching of the hull 2, the capacity of which (not visual and actual) increased due to the exclusion of pitching resistance of inertia forces, they lead ship-cached in motion at high speed.

3.2.2.2. PI mechanism heave.

On 11 and 12 (the side views and cross-sections) presents the ship-cached that is exempt from most of the inertial braking not only roll, pitch and but also on the vertical. To this end, the platform 44 is suspended from the axles pitching 48 in the hinges 45 on the housing 2, but not directly, but with OSU frame 57, which, in fact, hanging on the pins in the housing 2. Being inside the frame, a cargo platform 44 is fixed to a spring 52. For this purpose it contains a spring pocket 55 separating the cargo platform 44 into two halves, which must be loaded equally in order to avoid unwanted distortion.

To ensure the strength of the cargo platform 44 of the spring pocket 55 contains ribs 56, in addition, it is somewhat narrower than the platform that forms therein a guide groove 53 to accommodate the lateral uprights of the frame 57. Between the lower and upper frame spars reinforced all the guides 58, securely locking compression springs 52 and ensure smooth sliding thereon cargo platform 44 in a vertical motion.

In the case of excessive pitching or other circumstances of the cargo platform 44 and the hull 2 can be arethereany (fixed) relative to each other using arutinov 51 mounted on the protective walls 50. In this case, the vessel will behave as a normal cached.

3.2.3. Cachecode with hingeless 2-spring PI mechanism.

A cargo platform of cachedb articulated PI mechanism is divided in half by a Central pocket 55 with anti-inertial springs 52 (11, 12). For this reason, such cachecode may not always be used for transportirovki the major cargo (forest, pipes, containers, etc.). The following is hingeless scheme PI-mechanism, which eliminates the above drawback and opens additional possibilities for utilizing wave energy.

Hingeless 2-spring PI mechanism (Fig, 18) consists of two complex the same spring suspensions on which rests a cargo platform 44, building on its end a gear segment 78 through gearing 75 each with its slider 74, with own gear cutting or attached to the rack. The slider 74 moves reciprocating in the opening of the vertical fence rack 70 having a groove 72 that does not allow precipitation of the slide out of the opening.

Despite the fact that the cargo platform 44 is based on both of the slide (fore and aft) and pressure on both your weight, not one of them falls since both slide your visors are based, in turn, the springs 52. The last remain always in place by rod 73, which also performs the function of enhancing the rigidity of the rack guide 70 is fixed with the same purpose in the housing wall 50.

Lateral movement of the platform 44 are excluded due to the fact that the segments 78, entering into engagement with the gear rack of the slide 74, together with it is limited from moving left and right, sliding his side surface Le is Oh or right inner ski guide 71 70 hours.

During the pitching platform 44 makes apparent motion, clenching or unclenching both springs 52 synchronously (vertical motion) or asynchronously (at the keel rolling). The smaller the stiffness coefficient of the spring of the same resistance, the smaller the differences in effort over time will experience the spring, the more effective the work of the PI mechanism.

Of course, that the average radius R of the ring gear segment 78 should be equal to half the distance between the gear cuts sliders 74.

Presented at Fig cached absolutely symmetrical and can equally go in any direction, which is enough both wings to deploy the trailing edge back from the desired direction using the rotation mechanism to its neutral (the plane of the rest of the wing), as described below.

3.2.4. Propulsion and control part of kacheguda with PI-mechanism.

Court-kacheguda with PI-mechanism, i.e. with businessmoney motion borrow propulsion and control part of the ordinary courts of kacheguda (p/2.3 and 2.4). Of course to use traction wings with controlled elasticity fluctuations and remote installation of neutrals (Fig-16). All this is done in the design of traction of the wing.

Wing 9 on the bearings 65 is held against free rotation around the axis 8 when the SIP the soup plate spring 66, built into the end of the slit axis 8. When you try turning the wing of the second end of the spring 66 keeps the wing from this using the pads 37 can be shifted by the spring and along the guide rails 61 wing inside its cavity (Fig). In fact, the block 37 is a regulator of elasticity of the wing with which it is at the level acceptable for the given wave parameters and loading of the ship-kacheguda.

Change neutral wing with horizontal orientation on any other (required) is the mechanism of its rotation. The rotation mechanism located in the housing of the steering column 7 and consists of: axis 8, is dead planted on her gear 64, the rack 63 and drive rails 68. On commands from the control station ship actuator 68 moves up or down the rail, which through gears 64 orients the axis 8 along with the wing 9 in the desired angular position. Actually, the angular position of the axis 8 and determines the angular position of neutral (the plane of the rest of the wing).

3.3. The use of inertia forces to extract energy pitching.

3.3.1. Cached, energosnabzhenie own motion.

Hingeless PI mechanism (Fig, 18) has simplified the task of extracting and converting energy of pitching (excitement) in its universal form (mechanical, pneumatic and electric)suitable for use onboard need to change is the focus, including the propulsion system.

Fig-21 shows the main components of the extraction and transformation of energy pitching. In its basis used hingeless PI mechanism in which the visor 54 on the slide 74 is replaced by a cylinder 79 and the rod 73 is equipped with a piston 87 and the two oil channels 80, connecting, each corresponding to the cylinder chamber 79 and splitter 89. The latter ensures the connection of the hollow cylinder with a trunk pipelines of high 86 and 85 low pressure through its pair of valves 84, comprising a cylinder in the mode of the pump, when the in composition of the slider 74 moves the reciprocating stem during pitching. Together just described, the pumping elements form a group, denoted by Fig number 49.

Spring 52, as before, hold the weight of the cargo platform 44 in a neutral state, however, the force of inertia of the platform 44 here are welcomed and involved in the extraction process of pitching accumulated energy. This rocking of the hull 2 and fixed cargo platform 44 act as a hammer and anvil, releasing the energy contained in contradiction of their movements. Indeed, for any rolling case 2 pushes up or down the rod 73 and, accordingly, the piston 87 in the cylinder 79, held motionless, as far as possible, the platform 44,preserving the peace according to the first law of Newton because of its inertia.

For this reason, the oil contained in the cavities of the cylinder 79, is popped from them soften in line high pressure 86, as by compression of the oil in the cavity of the cylinder one-way valve 84, which connects the cavity to the main low pressure, is closed, and the other connecting it to the main high pressure, due to excess pressure opens. In the adjacent cavity of the cylinder is the opposite, and with the same movement of the rod 73 and the piston 87 it due to the lack of pressure is filled with oil, but not from the high line 86 and pump low pressure 85 according to the orientation of the valve 84.

The motor 82 and the compressor 83 allow you to change the pressure inside the hydraulic system, adapting it to the different weights of the cargo platform 44 and the capacity of pitching (excitement).

Fig shows that of the onboard consumers uses hydraulic energy, and part electric. In this scheme, the electrical energy is not generated directly from pitching, but is obtained as the result of the conversion of hydraulic power using a pair of hydraulic motor - generator". The latter provided here use electric propulsion, although they could be applied vidrodjenie, as in example (Fig), where the motion of the vessel used hydraulic motor 103 with gear 104.

3.3.2. Cached with hingeless 4-spring PI mechanism.

The design is of one of the leaf nodes hingeless 4-spring of the PI mechanism and its application is shown in Fig-24. In order to minimize the residual inertial forces arising from the interaction of the body with a cargo platform through the spring, its stiffness k should be as minimal as possible, then change the compression force of the spring against the existing values of gravity G will be minimal and will be

where s is the amount of movement of the slide 74 relative to the housing 2, in fact, almost equal to the amount of movement of the housing 2 while pitching in the bottom of the spring 52 with the opposite sign. Measure the movement of the slider s in fact, for known values of k characterize the influence of the residual forces of inertia.

Goal minimize these forces will be achieved, if provided with the lowest possible coefficient k. Its value is inversely proportional to the length of the compressed spring, so it is desirable to have a long (high spring). However, in order not to interfere with the PI mechanism to interact with the means of generating energy and, simultaneously, to avoid stress forces here on each target node hingeless PI-mechanism installed a pair of parallel springs 52, on which the slider 74 is suspended in 2-beam together 99 in its upper part (Fig).

Released in the center part of the RAM 74 (Fig) has a toothed cutting not only from the side of the cargo platform 44, but also from the tip to the bottom, i.e. the opposite of his hand (69)where a is engaged with the sector gear 95, which is part of an active wing-flapping propulsion. It shortened (compared to normal) arrow 13 makes the rhythm of pitching Mahi under the action of the reciprocating oscillation of the slide 74. For this purpose, the shaft 96 is passed through a pair of mounting sleeves of the plug 93, bearings pockets 97, sleeve forked arrows 13 and the bearing block 98, still linked with pocket 97. Locking yourself the plug 93 and a forked arrow 13, the shaft connects them in raznoliki lever, which, with its help it is able to swing in the pocket bearings 97 and block 98. This compound lever is in the oscillatory movement of the gear segment 95 under the action of vertical oscillation of the RAM 74, which are concatenated.

Despite the fact that the length of the arrows compound lever may be two or more times less than the length of a full-sized boom, working Mach wing 14 on its end and its efficiency can be more than full. In order that the wing has not lost its effectiveness from increasing the magnitude of the angular oscillations of shorter arrows, the position of the neutral plane of the wing is maintained (Fig), i.e., predominantly horizontal. When the shaft 96 (along arrow) swinging inside the fixed block 98, he still holds the cable 19, prolagus the inside of the rib channels arrows 13 and dead fixed on the terminal block 21. As a result, the block 21 and secured therein the shaft 8 hold neutral still, despite committed by arrow 13 Mahi.

3.3.3. The supply of kacheguda on the basis of 4-spring of the PI mechanism.

For electricity kacheguda 4-spring PI-mechanism as the original scheme (Fig), which brought to the considered schemes (Fig). The tubular guide (stem) 73 its lower and upper parts are sealed in an oil distributors 88, mounted on the wall 50 so that the devices on flexible highways 85 and 86 share oil with other devices on the (in) platform 44. Further inside (extended diameter) of the spring 52 is placed a cylinder 79 to the piston 87 mounted on the shaft 73 as shown in Fig.

The new difference from the previously described scheme (Fig) consists only in the fact that the cylinder 79 is here attached to the console 99 by means of a support plate 77 in its upper part, which is extended the spring 52 and, therefore, occurred the desired reduction of the stiffness coefficient k. The cylinder 79, as before, held still slide 74 through console 99, while the rod 73 to the piston inside the cylinder moves in a reciprocating motion of the hull 2.

The second difference is that all the mechanisms of the hydraulic system housed in a technical compartment 60 of the cargo platform 44, which reduces inertion the e brake pitching remaining in the building masses. The third difference is that as a driving force applied hydropower.

3.3.4. Hybrid cached.

Energy pitching can be naturally applied not only to "clean" the ships kacheguda. But, equally, and for the ordinary courts, especially for those who are forced to walk in severe and even stormy weather. This court's rescue, court MES, rescue equipment, fishing and fishing vessels, coast guard vessels. In the usual calm weather they should go on their own, and in bad weather and storm they are in dire need of energy assistance. In the last two cases, the fishermen and the guards get a ship with absolutely noiseless movement.

Here is an example of the tug salvor (Fig-31). Along with the usual propulsion tug equipped with active cacheprovider winged propulsion (Fig), which can be removed from the water. With almost everything that is not the case built into the hub of masses 44, made in the form of platform 119, one end of which is connected tightly with the housing 2 by a hinge 122, which transmits the stern tube 116, and therefore, the propeller shaft screw propulsion complex. The second end of the platform 119, concentrating weight, based on the spring 52 by means of spring canister 55.

While pitching the housing 2 and the loaded platform 119 relative activities do the but each other for angular oscillation about an axis 122, bringing the gear sector 78 of radius R causes the gear sector 113 radius r to make angular oscillations with ratio R/r, causing the swinging of the boom 10 active nasal winged propulsion 9. Note that here applied different mechanism of stabilization of the neutral wing, which is based on a 4-tier a lever mechanism in the form of a parallelogram, preserving the parallelism of the opposite sides when the angle between adjacent sides. This means (Fig)that the steering column 7 retains its predominantly vertical position when the swing of the boom 10, i.e. when the mover.

For termination 1-spring of the PI mechanism presented here, it is sufficient to operate the servo motor 117, which will insert a rod stopper in a couple of holes halves of the spring case 55 at the time of coincidence of their axes. In addition, the winged propeller can be removed from the water for one reason or another with the help of the winch 20 and rope 19. (Fig) first you need to find another rod stopper of the aligned openings of gear 113 and 112 indigenous sectors with the help of the latch 114, managed remotely, resulting in a toothed sector releases the arrow 10 by providing the notch out of the water.

3.4. A variety of types and purposes of kacheguda.

3.4.1. Rescue bot.

Rescue bot to depict what Allen on Fig in status, because the wing propellers made in the working position. The platform here is the cabin 44 crew, wants to increase the stroke of his rescue vessel. The cabin is suspended on a ribbon spring 128 in the compartment isolation Z that allow mutual displacement of the cab and compartment. The openings between them are sealed with an elastic material 97. Sleeping compartments or compartments for recreation have exterior hatches for penetration into them.

3.4.2. Intelligence, research, and survey vessel.

Depicted on Fig and Fig. From the first drawing shows that the vessel is in position "drift", as pulling the wings 9 and 14 are both turned back inside edge. The vessel may be small enough not to have restrictions on the area of navigation. Built on the basis of the PI mechanism of the hinged type. Research and technology unit is housed in a shipping container 44, attached to a spring in the canister 55, swinging on the axis 48. In addition, the container can be easily rotated on its own horizontal transverse axis, not resisting rolling keel.

4. A brief description of the drawings and the list of used symbols.

4.1. Description of the drawings.

To illustrate the adopted design solutions that reflect the essence of the invention to its description, accompanied by the following drawings:

Figure 1. Vessel-cached simplest type tgov the mi wings nominated with supporting arrows forward and backward along the vessel to ensure appropriate speed Mach. Side view. For the analysis of heave, the weight of the vessel M can be considered concentrated at its centre and is located close to or coincident with the center of swing C. When analyzing pitching the weight of the vessel M can be considered as two identical masses m, spaced from the center of swing C at the same distance r so that the moment of inertia of the vessel in its diametral plane will be M·r². Accordingly, it dampens the keel rolling and mass M is vertical, both reducing the reception of wave energy.

Figure 2. Vessel-cached simplest type of traction wings, put forward by bearing arrows forward and backward along the vessel. View from the top.

Figa. Vessel-cached simplest type (bottom view) removed winged propulsion and centered, but curved (zone B) guide for cleaning of bearing shafts.

Figb. Vessel-cached simplest type (bottom view) removed winged propulsion and level shifted from each other by a distance e guide for cleaning of bearing shafts.

Figure 4. Cable extension mechanism arrows nasal cruise propulsion. When winding the cable 15 on the aft winch 22 cable pushes the arrow 10 under the bottom of the vessel, sativas simultaneously with the bow l is bedke 20.

Figure 5. Nasal winged propulsion with swivel stand wing 7. Broken wing 9 visible Central aperture 41 (7), which includes the hour, holding the wing 9 on the axis of oscillation 8. Allowable variation traction wing 9 are controlled by the spring 36, made in the form of strips and secured by screws 35 to one end of the stationary rack 7, and the other in the slot of the wing 9 with the hardness Adjuster, made in the form of a sliding block 37. Slide it deep in the nest wing 9 adjusts the stiffness of the spring 36 under specific load of the vessel and the nature of excitement. The stiffness of the spring 36 determines the elasticity of the angular oscillations of the wing and the possible values of the angles u1, u2. In addition, it is shown the rotary wing mechanism, consisting of a sealed motor 31, the vertical axis of rotation 32 and toothed bevel gear 33.

6. Front view on a winged propeller cut off the left (in the direction of travel) part and a short-cut in the front edge, which is visible to the axis of oscillation of the wing 8.

7. A top view of a winged propeller shown in Figure 5 and 6.

Fig. Vessel-cached to overcome on the way to a full rolling inertial resistance of the mass due to the pendulum scheme obtained by concentration of the main mass inside a streamlined nacelle 44, rigidly suspended from the keel beam in the area of the midsection. Here the x - the length of a physical pendulum. Retractable boom propulsion drawn inside vertically parallel channels 42 and 43.

Fig.9. The side view of the vessel-cached with the ability businessmoney pitching. The inertia-free on the keel rolling achieved by turning off the inertial masses of the process of pitching, specifically, due to the suspension of the cargo compartment 42 on the axis 45. The design called PI-mechanism. The axis is located in the center or close to the center of the swing keel of the vessel c. Instead of the cargo compartment can be used frame, platform or truck chassis, filled with goods, preserves its shape and position. Education is called a cargo platform of the vessel 44. Between the cargo platform and the rest (Cabinet) part of the vessel to ensure its buoyancy, is formed a gap Z, guaranteeing freedom of their relative angular movements.

Figure 10. Views of ship-cached in section AA, scheduled for Fig.9. The vessel belongs to the category of hybrid. Turns into pure category of cachedb removing screw propulsion.

11. Views of ship-cached in the median plane. This cached released from inertia not only roll, pitch and but, on the vertical strokes and even, in part, by longitudinal rolling, because the axis of suspension 48 cargo compartment 44 is located above the center of the keel to the his c. It also increases the efficiency of the cruise propulsion. On the inner bulkhead of the enclosure 50 is shown conditionally aretery 51, intended for fixing in the housing provisions of the cargo compartment 44. When pumping up aretery inflated to center and clamp the cargo compartment, thus limiting its movement.

Fig. Look in the middle section ship-cached shown figure 11. Visible pocket spring 55, suspended on three vertical guide bars 54, connected by a common ground swinging frame 57, with it held in the frame of the spring 52, carrying cargo platform (cargo compartment) 44, isolating the inertia mass from the process heave.

Fig. Cut reversible winged propulsion in the plane of the wing 9. In both sides of the wing is clamped elastic strips 66, acting as torsion springs. One end of each of them is retained in the slit fixed reference axis of the shaft 8, and the second pass-through hole of the insert 37 (regulator stiffness of the spring). The liner is moved along the length of the spring 66 from the axis of the shaft 8 through the gap 62 (Fig) at a distance that is optimal for elastic retention of the liner vibrations of the wing 9 relative to the reference axis of the shaft 8. The resting position of the wing 9 (neutral) is determined by the angular position of the axis of the shaft 8. That spring 66 is trying to return the wing 9 in its power to reject.

Immobility op the nuclear biological chemical (NBC axis of the shaft 8 within a vertical rack 7 is retained on the go cruising vessel. But during maneuvers vertical gear rack 63 using the wheel 64, the axis of the shaft 8 can be rotated - 90° when braking, and 180° with reverse thrust required for reverse (both wings) or drift of the vessel (any one side).

Fig. Cut reversible wing in cross section CC, scheduled for Fig. Visible gap 62 to access a sliding block 37, the installation of which is regulated by the stiffness of the spring 66 and, accordingly, the rigidity of the oscillations of the wing 9 on the axis 8.

Fig. View reversible winged propulsion side. Within hours 7 see the actuator 68 of the rail 63, unwrapping the reference axis 8 through the gears 64 - 180°.

Fig. The side view of the reversible winged propulsion during braking.

Fig. Views of ship-cached with hingeless PI-mechanism that keeps cargo compartment 44, hanging with toothed gear sector rail on the bow and stern springs 52 so that the median plane of the outer hull can swing both vertically and angularly relative to the cargo Bay held at rest by its own weight (preferably more than 90% of the ship tonnage).

Fig. Diametrically cut design endpoint hingeless PI-mechanism using a spring suspension which gently held the cargo compartment 44. Gear pair 78×74 "sector rail accepts together with the vertical is a pressing motion to transfer for the spring 52 also part of the pitching of the hull, releives with him inertial resistance of the mass of the ship, mostly concentrated in the cargo compartment of the platform 44. In addition, the return spring 52 when straightening is that it accelerates the body after the outgoing wave with an acceleration higher than that of water, i.e. above the free fall acceleration. This eliminates idling winged propulsion during lowering of the casing after the outgoing wave present in a rigid connection of the body with the weight of the vessel.

Fig. Mekhanogidravlicheskijj energy Converter pitching. Transforms it into a pneumo-hydraulic energy from the hydraulic system powering all marine energy consumers, including converters and drives. The incision is made along the section AA, scheduled for Fig. It shows: vertical linearly movable unit consisting of a hydraulic cylinder 79 and gear cutting 75; Cabinet walls 50 mounted in the guide rack 70; end wall 76 of the cargo compartment, welded with the sector gear 78, delivering the swing slider 74.

Fig. Mekhanogidravlicheskijj energy Converter pitching, transforming it into a pneumo-hydraulic energy from the hydraulic system. Consists of a hydraulic cylinder 79, reciprocating movement of the rod 73 and the piston 87 in which cause the oil to flow in and flow out under pressure from the cavities through the channels 80 in the top and bottom is th maslorazdatochnye blocks 88. The blocks contain a pair of one-way shut-off valve 84 for removing oil, according to the direction of movement of the piston 87 in the cylinder 79, of compressible hollow cylinder in line high pressure 86 and the suction oil in the expanding cavity of the cylinder pump low pressure 85.

Fig. The scheme further transformations pneumatic-hydraulic energy into electrical energy suitable for onboard consumers (including propulsion system) and cultivation batteries in case of lack of pitching. The diagram shows that the energy of pitching is stored at a convenient time, even while parked or drift of the vessel, and provides him not only at the time when it happens, but, also, in her absence through the use of batteries. In addition, when using muscle as an energy source, valid any type of propulsion, including widespread and well-proven screw. Use at the initial stage mekhanogidravlicheskijj the energy Converter pitching (Fig) suggests the possibility of its direct application to drive the propeller shaft with the motor, or after converting it into electricity with the help of the motor (as shown).

Fig. Winged lever propulsion system that uses a rolling chassis for the waving of the long part (departure) ry of the most important arrows through the power of its influence on short segmental toothed portion using the enclosed her in the bilateral engagement timing of the RAM 74, moving reciprocating motion. Last with welded thereto above the transverse 2-shoulder cantilever beams 99 transmits the weight of the platform on a pair of side springs 52 and inertial forces on the gear segment centrifugal arrows 13, the bearing pulling the wing 14. The force interaction between the hull and the cargo platform through the short arm of the boom produces a wide amplitude Mahi arrows and, accordingly, the traction of the wing, as required.

Fig. Cross section AA winged lever propulsion complex, shown in Fig top, and here, in the section on AA, scheduled for Fig.

Fig. Side view of the winged lever propulsion complex, shown in Fig and 23. Explains the mechanism of retention of neutral wing 14 through the axis of the shaft 6 in a constant angular position. The goal is to hold the axis of the shaft 6 in position, the same position setting (slippery) on the shaft 96 of the block 98, stationary with respect to the outer housing 2. Synchronization of the provisions of the shafts wave when the bolt 13 is due block-cable (or timing belt) non-slip connection between equidimensional blocks 98 and 21.

Fig. Hydraulic power system driven motion of the hull, the majority of the mass of which is separated from the housing 47 and is concentrated in the platform 44 that communicates with the outer housing through prog the NGO-hydraulic mechanism, extracts and converts the energy of pitching in pneumatic form for supply of hydraulic propulsion complex and other consumers.

Fig. Pleasure boat-cached with cabin 44, which is the cargo platform and suspended in the main body using a tape spring-springs 128. Service rooms: kitchen, bedroom, etc. while driving are not used to improve the efficiency of propulsion of the complex.

Fig and 28. The side and front views on scientific research, intelligence or military Maritime cyber-ship unrestricted navigation area, managed and interviewed on the radio. The axis 48 frees the outer hull from the forces of inertia, providing the maximum reception power pitching, while the relatively long spring inside the telescopic suspension 55, guaranteeing low coefficient of rigidity, provides maximum receive power from heave.

Fig. The front part of the retention mechanism of the steering column 7 in a vertical position, which guarantees maximum efficiency propulsion with flapping wings at high angles Mach carrier arrows 10 (in addition to the construction shown in Fig).

Fig. The nose of the retention mechanism of the steering column 7 in a vertical position, based on the use of the lever diagram in f is RME parallelogram, keeping your hand parallel with the management of one of its 4 corners. The parallelogram formed by two equal and opposite pairs of links: the vertical hour (between axes 108 and 109 on Fig)that secure the steering column, and the fore part of the body (between the axes 109 and 111 on Fig), and the arrow 10 (between axes 108 and 111) and the rod 110 (between axes 109 and 109).

Fig. Rescue tug cached with unilateral nasal PI-suspension providing a sliding engagement of the housing 2 with a cargo platform 44 only half, namely, in their nasal parts, where it persisted while pitching in the form of a Mach nasal traction wing 9. In the aft part of the cargo platform 119 and the housing 2 are connected, but articulated with coaxial axes 122, allowing freedom of relative displacement of the nasal parts, converted to thrust. Due to the presence of diesel to place storm disaster vessel will always get even in a calm, uplifting his wing propulsion by means of the cable 19, for this operation it is necessary to remove the retainer 114 between small and large (cog) sectors (Fig). On the same spot of the storm disasters such winged propulsion is handy due to the huge capacity, develop them during the storm.

4.3. Letter symbols.

WL - waterline.

ν angular relative amplitude of oscillations of the body and the platform.

u - is he amplitude slope (angle oscillations) of the wing.

C - center swing keel.

r is the radius of gyration of the vessel in DP.

L1, L2, L - shoulder swing supporting shafts.

Z - clearance for relative movement of the housing and the platform.

G - the weight of the vessel or with a rough approximation of the cargo platform.

M is the mass of the ship.

m - half the mass of the ship.

In the angular amplitude of forced oscillations of the wing.

e - the relative offset of the bearing shafts horizontally.

h is the distance between the center of the swing and center of gravity.

5. The implementation of the invention and the technical result.

The implementation of the invention achieved depends on the invention of the technical result, which consists in saving (up to 100%) fuel vessels cachecode, in which the bulk isolated from the pitching corps, and, therefore, does not consume its energy is fully used in this case, the power of consumers and the movement of the vessel.

For the current state of development of science and technology industrial base of shipbuilding and engineering there are no special technical difficulties for a single, serial and mass production of ships of a fundamentally new class. Expanding the production of cachedb in the scale of the government, our country would have made a serious step in the economy in the direction of its departure from dependence on raw materials.

Moreover, the production of cachedb defensive purpose about what you need, because finally resolve the issue of the constant shortage of fuel for the ships carrying the watch in the coastal zone, and in various parts of the world area. In addition, the effectiveness of patrol ships-cachedb above normal in many times due to the fact that such patrol silent and their behavior hydroacoustical not to follow.

Presented suggests that the development of production and use of kacheguda on a large scale would require government support and assistance, perhaps the program.

6. The bibliography.

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SU 3971501/27-11, CL VN 1/36, 04.11.85.

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[5] Hiroshi Nobunaga. Wave force fin propelling device. Japan Patent # 62-43395 (A), 25.2.1987, Int. class B63H 19/02, B63B 39/06.

[6] Tomoyose Riichi. Hydrofoil for generating propulsion utilizing wave force. Japan PUB-NU: 60-033193, 20.02.1985, Int. class: B63H 19/02, B63B 1/24.

[7] Matsumura Shinsuke. Vessel stabilizer having construction to obtain propulsion force. Japan PUB-NU: 61-085296. 30.04.1986, Int. class B63H 19/02, B63B 39/06.

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SU 3628538/27-11, 04.08.83, CL B63H 19/02.

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1. The vessel, driven by energy pitching external enclosure, isolated from the inertia of their contents by the Department and by embedding it in a platform resiliently mounted in the housing cavity so that once isolated from the forces of inertia of the platform relative to her body, within the limits permitted by the springs may be freely oscillating waves on emeraldas plane vertically and keel, as propulsion traction applied elastically oscillating wings, put forward from the bow and stern along the line of the keel with the help of lightweight, strong and rigid bearing shafts, rolling on the law of the lever Mahi their ends, bearing wings, amplitude and speed exceed Mahi portions of the vessel.

2. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that factory fitted propulsion power unit and carries on Board fuel.

3. The vessel, driven by energy pitching external enclosure, isolated from the inertia of their contents by the Department and by embedding it in a platform resiliently mounted in the housing cavity so that once isolated from the forces of inertia of the platform relative to her body, within the limits permitted by the springs may be freely oscillating waves in the diametrical plane vertically and keel, as propulsion traction applied elastically oscillating wings removed from the bow and stern along the line of the keel at the ends of lightweight and durable carrying arrows, and arrows, installed schema lever on sealed pivot bearing in the ends of the body, its short shoulders are inside corps, where with the help of his face gear sector each shaft is engaged with a toothed slider, movable synchronously rolling face of the toothed sector of the platform along the guide rack, and the elastic axis of colemani the wing, the locking spring oscillations of the wing stabilized relative to the body.

4. The vessel, driven by energy pitching external enclosure, isolated from the inertia of their contents by the Department and by embedding it in a platform resiliently mounted in the housing cavity so that once isolated from the forces of inertia of the platform relative to her body, within the limits permitted by the springs may be freely oscillating waves in the diametrical plane vertically and keel, the energy of the pitching transformed into hydraulic energy installed between the housing and platform pumps, the partially converted into electricity stored in batteries, then the energy in both of the forms used to power the ship consumers, including the drive screw propellers.

5. The vessel is driven by the regular propulsion and motion external enclosure, isolated from the inertia of their contents by the Department and by embedding it in a platform that is installed elastically in the nose and articulated in the rear of the hull, to the extent permitted by the spring, he freely swing around the hinge, giving traction of the elastic oscillating wing energy rolling through lightweight rigid boom that holds the wing to its end and waving them in the median plane, being very shaken by the body through the nasal sealed ball is Il and the platform, holding the end of the boom the sector gear, the axis of oscillation traction stable wing relative to the body, and the wing itself arrow can be lifted out of the water.