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Group of inventions relates to plasma engineering. The cooling pipe for a plasma-arc burner includes an elongated body having, at the open end of the electrode and passing through said body, a coolant channel, wherein at said end the wall of the cooling pipe has a roller-shaped thickening directed inward and/or outward. An apparatus from the cooling pipe for the plasma-arc burner includes an elongated body with a rear end detachably connected to an electrode holder for the plasma-arc burner and a coolant channel passing through said body. The electrode holder for the plasma-arc burner includes an elongated body with an end for holding an electrode and a cavity, wherein on the outer surface of the cooling pipe there is at least one protrusion for alignment thereof in the electrode holder. |
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Resonant electromagnetic accelerator with loss compensation Resonant electromagnetic accelerator includes an accelerated ferromagnetic object, a cylindrical non-magnetic tube with in-series located traction solenoids coaxially fixed on it, switching devices of windings of solenoids as to signals of the control device, power switching buses and a capacitor energy source, power switches, insulated drivers, bypass diodes, a current sensor, a control bus, the main commutator, the main driver and a pulse power unit. |
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Induction cyclic electron accelerator Cyclic electron accelerator includes deflecting dipole magnets, an induction accelerating system, beam input and output systems located in rectangular sections. To accelerate electrons in the energy range of 0.3-10 MeV, the accelerator includes a generator for exciting inductor coils of the accelerating system with a rectangular voltage wave. Duration of the accelerating wave pulses is equal not to S, the duration of the orbiting period of the electrons, which is several nanoseconds, but the duration of the full cycle of acceleration from the injection energy go a given final energy of about 10-4-10-6 s. To maintain an equilibrium radius of orbit during acceleration and slow ejection of electrons, the accelerator includes a generator for supplying the deflecting dipole magnets, having a property of exciting trapezoidal magnetic induction wave. The accelerator also includes a hard-focusing system in the deflecting dipole magnets and straight sections. |
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Melting plasmatron includes a water-cooled housing, plasma-forming gas supply channels located parallel to plasmatron axis and connected to a vertically located water-cooled nozzle, an electrical insulation, an electrical network, a tungsten electrode-cathode and an electrode holder. In addition, plasmatron is equipped with the second plasma-forming gas supply channel with a nozzle; with that, nozzles are installed symmetrically relative to vertical axis of plasmatron and at an angle of 30-35° to vertical axis of the electrode holder. |
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Pulse accelerator of solid particles Cascade pulse accelerator of solid particles includes injector, induction sensors, amplifiers, cylindrical electrodes, resistors of divider, isolating resistance columns, high-voltage capacitors, uncontrolled dischargers, controlled dischargers, control system, current sensor, high voltage source, data bus, target, aligning device, electronic computation device. |
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Electrostatic ion accelerator system Electrostatic ion accelerator system having an ionisation chamber (IK), which has a beam exit opening on one side, in a longitudinal direction, an electrode system comprising an anode system (AN) and a cathode system (KA), which generates an electrostatic field in the ionisation chamber directed in the longitudinal direction, wherein the anode system lies opposite the exit opening at the base of the chamber. The anode system gives off a predominant part of the lost heat that occurs in it to the ionisation chamber (IK) as heat radiation (WS), and a neutral working gas is fed into the ionisation chamber and positive ions are ionised therein. The ion accelerator system forms a spacecraft drive; the magnetic system surrounding an ionisation chamber forms a magnetic field in the ionisation chamber; a heat radiation reflecting device has a reflecting surface with radiation capacity which is less than or is preferably at most half of the radiation capacity of the front surface of the anode facing the ionisation chamber. |
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Method of accelerating macroparticles In the present method, macroparticles are accelerated by the field gradient of an electric pulse moving on a helical structure. The method of accelerating macroparticles includes electrically pre-charging said particles, pre-accelerating said particles using a gas-dynamic method to a velocity which corresponds to injection velocity into a helical waveguide, and finally accelerating said particles with the field of a voltage pulse moving on coils of a helical waveguide. The macroparticles used are a flat capacitor which is accelerated by the field of a voltage pulse moving on coils, wherein the flat capacitor is accelerated in a dielectric channel, while preventing turning thereof by 180 degrees and deviation thereof from the acceleration axis. |
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Method of forming compact plasmoid In the disclosed method of forming a compact plasmoid, toroidal current is excited by an inductive accumulator (main solenoid with a connected capacitor battery); said current is then cut; a current pulse is then passed through a working substance in a longitudinal direction through at least one auxiliary winding passing in the working volume in a longitudinal direction. Said pulse generates a toroidal magnetic field, after which toroidal current supply is resumed in a direction opposite the initial direction through an additional solenoid wound coaxial to the main solenoid for pushing the plasmoid from the wall of the main solenoid and squeezing the plasmoid. |
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Freely oscillating electromagnetic accelerator Freely oscillating electromagnetic accelerator comprises a ferromagnetic accelerated object, a cylindrical nonmagnetic tube, resonators, resonator power supply units, feedback circuits and an oscillation phase checking system. |
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Plasmatron power supply source Plasmatron power source includes three-phase bridge rectifier based on controlled transistors, filter capacitor, current regulator, control system, where each output of the rectifier is connected to respective phase windings of external power transformer A, B, C, output terminals of the rectifier are connected to filter capacitor and regulator input, output terminals of the regulator are connected to plasmatron input, control system is connected to actuator units of the regulator, and includes additional second three-phase bridge rectifier based on controlled thyristors, and regulating switch consisting of six thyristors, where input terminals of the first rectifier A1, B1, C1 are connected to delta group of phase windings of external transformer, input terminals of the second rectifier A2, B2, C2 are connected to star group of phase windings of external transformer, positive output terminal of the first rectifier is connected to positive output terminal of the second rectifier, to positive terminal of filter capacitor and to positive input of regulator, negative output terminal of the first rectifier is connected to negative output terminal of the second rectifier, to negative output terminal of filter capacitor and to negative input of regulator, cathode of first switch thyristor is connected to input A1 of the first rectifier, cathode of second switch thyristor is connected to input B1 of the first rectifier, cathode of third switch thyristor is connected to input C1 of the first rectifier, anode of fourth switch thyristor is connected to input A2 of the second rectifier, anode of fifth switch thyristor is connected to input B2 of the second rectifier, anode of sixth switch thyristor is connected to input C2 of the second rectifier, anodes of first, second, third switch thirystors are combined with cathodes of fourth, fifth, sixth switch thyristors in a single point. |
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Linear induction accelerator with two heteropolar pulses Linear induction accelerator has an induction system (1) in form of a set of ferromagnetic cores encircled by magnetisation coils while joining leads (2) on each side of the cores, a magnetic switch, a magnetic pulse generator (3) consisting of compression series circuits, each formed by a capacitor and a saturated core reactor, and having a grounded lead and a potential lead to which the saturated core reactor (8) is connected, and the potential lead is connected to one of three electrodes of a double forming line (4). The second electrode of the double forming line (4) is connected by one end to the grounded lead of the magnetic pulse generator, and the magnetic switch (9) is connected between the other end of said electrode and one of the leads of the magnetisation coils of the induction system. A single forming line (10) is connected between the third electrode (7) of the double forming line (4) and the second lead of the magnetisation coils (2) of the induction system (1). An additional saturated core reactor (11) is connected between the point of connecting the double (4) and single (10) forming lines and the point of connecting the magnetic switch (9) and the induction system (1). |
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Cathode of plasma accelerator (versions) In compliance with first version, this cathode comprises electron emitting hollow elements, pipeline with channels to feed working body to said elements, common heat duct around every hollow element composed by the body of revolution. Heat duct material features heat conductivity factor not lower than that of the material of said hollow elements. Every said element is connected to separate channel of said pipeline while throttle is arranged in every channel of working body feed side. Note also that throttle orifice cross-sections are identical. In compliance with second version, said common heat duct entwines every said hollow element over its outer side and over its outlet end. Common heat duct outlet end is provided with holes, their axes being aligned with those of hollow electron emitting elements. Note also that flow sections of said holes in said common heat duct is not smaller than that in holes of said emitting electron hollow elements. |
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Invention may be used when producing carbon nanotubes and hydrogen. Microwave plasma converter comprises flow reactor 1 of radiotransparent heat-resistant material, filled with gas permeable electrically conductive material - catalyst 2 placed into the ultrahigh frequency waveguide 3 connected to the microwave electromagnetic radiation source 5, provided with microwave electromagnetic field concentrator, designed in the form of waveguide-coax junction (WCJ) 8 with hollow outer and inner conductors 9, forming discharge chamber 11 and secondary discharge system. Auxiliary discharge system is designed from N discharge devices 12, where N is greater than 1, arranged in a cross-sectional plane of discharge chamber 11 uniformly in circumferential direction. Longitudinal axes of discharge devices 12 are oriented tangentially with respect to the side surface of discharge chamber 11 in one direction. Nozzle 10 is made at outlet end of inner hollow conductor 9 of WCJ 8 coaxial. Each of discharge devices 12 is provided with individual gas pipeline 13 to supply plasma-supporting gas to discharge zone. |
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Isotope production system and cyclotron having reduced magnetic stray fields Present invention relates to acceleration engineering. In the present invention, the cyclotron includes a magnet yoke that has a body that surrounds an acceleration chamber and a magnet assembly. The magnet assembly is configured to produce magnetic fields to direct charged particles along a desired path. The magnet assembly is located in the acceleration chamber. Magnetic fields propagate through the acceleration chamber and inside the magnet yoke. A portion of the magnetic fields escapes outside of the magnet yoke as stray fields. The magnet yoke has a size such that the stray fields do not exceed 5 Gauss at a distance of 1 metre from an exterior boundary. |
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Device contains a sealed case with a cylindrical cathode and a target applied on its surface, which are placed inside the case coaxially, and an anode covered symmetrically by the cathode. At that the anode in the claimed device is made as two butt-placed symmetrical rods with diameter a, at which butt ends there are caps made of deuterated metal and shifted in regard to each other per distance d along the tube axis of symmetry, the cathode diameter b meets inequality 0.2<a/b<0.3 while the anode diameter meets inequality 0.2<a/d<1.0. |
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Facility for moving in outer space Invention relates to jet-propelled moving facilities, predominantly in free outer space. Proposed moving facility contains body (1), payload (2), control system and at least one ring system of superconductive focusing-deflecting magnets (3). Each magnet (3) is attached to body (1) by load-bearing element (4). It is preferable to use two described ring systems located in parallel planes ("one above the other"). Each ring system is designed for long-term storage of highest-energy electrically charged particle flux (5) (relativistic proton flux) circulating in this system. Fluxes in ring systems are mutually antithetical and are inserted in these systems before flight (on launch orbit). To output of one of the magnets (3) of "upper" ring system a device (6) for part of flux (7) extraction to outer space is attached. Similarly, part of flux (9) is extracted via device (8) of one of the magnets of "lower" ring system. Fluxes (7) and (9) create jet propulsion. Devices (6) and (8) can be made in the form of deflecting magnetic system, neutraliser of flux electric charge and undulator. |
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Liquid-cooled plasma torch nozzle, nozzle cap and torch head with such cap or caps Claimed invention relates to liquid-cooled plasma torch nozzle. Said nozzle comprises nozzle nose tip bore for release said plasma jet. Nozzle nose tip outer surface is, in fact, a cylindrical surface. It has second section abutting on first section on nozzle nose tip side. Its outer surface converges toward nozzle nose tip to, in fact, the cone. Note here that there at least one fluid feed groove extending partially over the first section and over the second section at nozzle outer surface towards nozzle nose tip. Besides there is one fluid discharge groove separate from fluid feed groove extending over the second section. Note here that there at least one fluid feed groove extending partially over the first section and over the second section at nozzle outer surface towards nozzle nose tip. Besides there is one coolant discharge groove separate from fluid feed groove extending over the second section. |
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Electromagnetic unit for throwing of dielectric macro bodies Electromagnetic unit for throwing of dielectric macro bodies contains a power supply unit, a unit of passive imposed load (UPIL) and N of propellant-recuperative modules (PRM), at that the first and second outputs of the power supply unit are connected to the first and second UPIL inputs respectively and also to the first and second inputs of each PRM. The first output of each PEM is connected to the third UPIL input, the second output of the nth PRM is connected to the third input of (n+1)th PRM, where n=1, 2, …, (N-1), N≥2, and the second output of Nth PRM is connected to the third input of the first PRM. Each PRM includes a rail electromagnetic accelerator (REA) which is equipped auxiliary with a recuperative inductive transducer with the main and auxiliary windings and a projectile position sensor; two recuperators, two semiconductor switches, two saturating chokes, a storage capacitor, a diode and three keys. The first output of the first saturating choke is the first input of PRM. The second output of the first saturating choke is connected to the first REA electrode, while its second electrode is connected to the positive output of the first semiconductor key and positive output of the diode which negative output is the second input of PRM and it is connected to the second output of the storage capacitor, the first outputs of windings of the recuperative inductive transducer and the second outputs of the both recuperators. The negative output of the first semiconductor switch is the third output of PRM and it is connected to the first output of the storage capacitor and the first output of the first key, which second output is the first output of PRM. The first output of the main winding is connected to the first output of the second saturating choke and the first output of the second key, which second output is connected to the first output of the first recuperator. The second output of the second saturating choke is connected to the negative output of the second semiconductor key, which positive output is the second output of PRM while the second output of the auxiliary winding is connected through the third key to the first output of the second recuperator. |
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Method for controlled collective acceleration of electron-ion bunches Invention relates to acceleration engineering. The method involves forming a high-current tubular beam of rotating electrons in a stationary magnetic field, capturing electrons in a magnetic trap, filling the electron bunch with ions by ionising gas in the vacuum chamber of an accelerator or from a plasma bunch prepared in advance. In the disclosed method, the external effective potential well of the magnetic trap is shifted stepwise and synchronously with the movement of ions and electrons are shifted and held in the direction of acceleration. The shift value of the centre of the well is selected at each step such that ions fall in the acceleration region through the electric field of the electron bunch. |
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Optimisation of rf-plug excitation frequency Invention relates to RF plasma generators for ICEs. Proposed plasma RF generator comprises supply module (20) to feed excitation signal (U) to output interface in preset frequency (Fc) to fire spark (40) at plasma generation resonator (30). The latter is connected with supply module output interface. Besides, it comprises control module (10) to set supply module frequency in response to instruction on plasma RF generation. Control module comprises means to define optimum excitation frequency that can adapt preset frequency (Fc) to device resonance conditions after striking of spark. |
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Betatron with contraction and expansion coil Betatron (1), especially in X-ray testing apparatus, having a rotationally symmetrical inner yoke having two interspaced parts (2a, 2b), an outer yoke (4) connecting the two inner yoke parts (2a, 2b), at least one main field coil (6a, 6b), a toroidal betatron tube (5) placed between the inner yoke parts (2a, 2b), at least one contraction and expansion coil (CE coil) 7a, 7b, wherein exactly one CE coil (7a, 7b) is respectively placed between the front side of the inner yoke part (2a, 2b) and the betatron tube (5), and the radius of the CE coil (7a, 7b) is essentially equal to the given orbital radius of the electrons in the betatron tube (5). The betatron has an electronic control circuit (8); contraction and expansion coil (7a, 7b) leads are connected to a current or voltage source (11), and in at least one line between the contraction and expansion coil (7a, 7b) and the current or voltage source (11), there is a switch (9) which is controlled by the electronic control circuit (8), wherein the electronic control circuit (8) is configured to cause flow of current through the contraction and expansion coil, during emission of electrons, such that yoke material is situated on the nonlinear portion of a hysteresis curve. |
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Eroding pulse plasma accelerator Cathode (1) and anode (2) of an eroding pulse plasma accelerator (EPPA) are of flat shape. Between discharge electrodes (1 and 2) there are two dielectric pellets (4) made of ablating material. An end wall insulator (6) is installed between the discharge electrodes in the area of dielectric pellets (4) placement. An electric discharge initiator (9) is connected to electrodes (8). A capacitive storage (3) of the power supply unit is connected through current leads to the electrodes (1 and 2). The EPPA discharge channel is shaped by surfaces of the discharge electrodes (1 and 2), the end wall insulator (6) and end walls of the dielectric pellets (4). The discharge channel is made with two mutually perpendicular middle planes. The discharge electrodes (1 and 2) are mounted symmetrically in regard to the first middle plane. The dielectric pellets (4) are mounted symmetrically in regard to the second middle plane. A tangent to the surface of the end wall insulator (6) faced to the discharge channel is oriented at an angle from 87° up to 45° in regard to the first middle plane of the discharge channel. In the end wall insulator (6) there is a well with (7) a rectangular cross-section. In the well (7) from the cathode (1) side there are electrodes (8). A tangent to the front surface of the well (7) is oriented at an angle from 87° up to 45° in regard to the first middle plane of the discharge channel. The well (7) along the surface of the end wall insulator(6) has a trapezoid shape. The larger base of the trapezoid is located near the anode (2) surface. The lesser base of the trapezoid is located near the cathode (1) surface. At the end wall insulator (6) surface there are three straight-line grooves oriented in parallel to surfaces of the discharge electrodes (1 and 2). |
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Pressure pump with dielectric barrier and method of its fabrication Invention relates to pressure pumps. Pressure pump with dielectric barrier for acceleration of fluid flow comprises first dielectric layer with first electrode built therein and second dielectric layer with second built-in electrode. Said first and second dielectric layers are spaced apart to make an air gal there between. Third electrode is arranged at least partially in said air gap relative to fluid flow. High-pressure signal is fed to third electrode from HV source. Said electrodes interact to generate opposed asymmetric plasma fields in said air gap to induce airflow in said gap. Induced airflow accelerates fluid flow in its travel via said air gap. |
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Method for modification of ionospheric plasma Method for modification of ionospheric plasma includes formation of artificial plasma accumulation in result of blast waves propagating from places of explosive cartridges blasting. Pyrotechnic release is made from the cartridge in radial directions, shaping of propagating blast waves is made by simultaneous explosion of all explosive cartridges, at that plasma accumulation with pulsed electromagnetic fields in it is formed in the central area of influence due to converging blast wave formed as a result of the fronts joining of some explosions. |
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Method includes removal of residue gas particles ionised by the beam in question in the capacitor electric field, formation of the removed ionised particles in a ribbon beam by means of a slot, deviation of the ribbon beam particles by the capacitor electric field depending on their energy and formation of two-dimensional image of the ion beam in question by means of its delivery to the electro-optical converter consisting of an amplifier based on microchannel plates and luminophor-coated plate and further registration of the optical image by means of a camera-recorder. The optical axis of the camera-recorder is positioned against the display of the beam cross-section image sensor. A test geometrical figure is applied to the sensor display and compared to the reference geometrical figure included into a programmed algorithm of the calculating machine, thereafter adjustment of the camera-recorder is continued till shapes of the test and reference figures coincide. |
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Invention relates to plasma engineering and can be used for strengthening treatment of components made of steel and nonferrous metal alloys by plasma nitriding. The disclosed method involves mounting a hollow titanium cathode in a discharge system having an anode, constantly pumping a working gas - nitrogen - through the hollow cathode, applying voltage between the anode and the hollow cathode and igniting glow discharge, the current of which is set such that in a few minutes, temperature of the hollow cathode increases to temperature close to the melting point of titanium (1668±4°C), forming a titanium nitride layer on the surface of the hollow cathode and switching discharge to a low-voltage arc mode with a thermionic cathode. The cathode is then hardened in the arc mode, for which the arc discharge current is increased while simultaneously reducing combustion voltage thereof, keeping temperature of the hollow cathode close to the melting point of titanium and maintaining discharge in such a mode for 40 minutes. |
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Method for induction electron acceleration Invention relates to acceleration techniques and can be used in making induction cyclic accelerators for industrial purposes, e.g. for modifying and producing new materials, sterilising medical instruments and food products, disinfecting medical wastes and other wastes, cleaning industrial flue gases from hazardous SOx and NOx oxides. The disclosed method involves achieving given final energy (≤10 MeV) using a rectangular wave of accelerating induction voltage and a triangular wave of the guiding magnetic field. In order to keep the radius of the equilibrium orbit constant during acceleration, special relationships between amplitude-time characteristics of magnetic induction on the orbit and induced accelerating voltage are satisfied. In order to realise strong focusing, a magnetic field with a large alternating gradient is formed on the orbit. |
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Method of accelerating macroparticles In the present method, macroparticles are accelerated by the field of an electromagnetic pulse moving on a helical structure. Power is fed to a helical waveguide and tapped from it on a coaxial cable through wave impedance matchers. The electromagnetic wave is slowed down both owing to geometric properties of the helical structure itself and medium filling, having higher permittivity ε (water, barium titanate), of the region between the helical structure and the shield. The accelerated macroparticles have a cylindrical shape with cylinder diametre dsh=2 mm, and length of the conical part lcone=13 mm and overall length of l=300 mm. The cylinders are pre-accelerated to velocity Vin=1 km/s using a gas-dynamic method. The macroparticles are irradiated with a beam of electrons from an electron accelerator. A pulse which accelerates macroparticles in the longitudinal direction is synchronously transmitted into the helical waveguide with injection of macroparticles. |
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Method of accelerating magnetic dipoles Magnetic dipoles in this method are accelerated by a travelling magnetic field gradient generated with series-connection of current coils. Magnetic dipoles having inside them a superconducting ring winding with current, having a conical head part, are pre-accelerated using a gas-dynamic technique, which corresponds to the rate of injection into the main accelerator. A superconducting Nb3Sn winding is placed inside the magnetic dipoles and ring current is excited therein. The dipoles are turned by 180 degrees in the field of the accelerating pulse and the dipoles are focused owing to that the magnetic dipoles are accelerated inside a titanium tube. The magnetic dipoles are output into the atmosphere through three buffer cavities, each having its own pumping. An asymmetric taper which generates a lifting force is made in the head part of the magnetic dipole. |
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Interlaced multi-energy radiation sources Use of automatic frequency tuning devices is provided to match the frequency of RF power provided to an accelerator with the accelerator resonance frequency. In one version, where the RF power pulse generator is a mechanically tunable magnetron, automatic frequency tuning is provided to match the frequency of RF power pulses at one power level to the accelerator resonance frequency when those RF power pulses are provided, and the magnetron is operated such that frequency shift in the magnetron at the other supply power level at least partially matches the resonance frequency shift in the accelerator when those RF power pulses are provided. In other versions, when the RF power pulse generator is a klystron or electrically tunable magnetron, a separate automatic frequency tuning device is provided for each power level of the RF pulses. |
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Carbonisation-preventing device Invention relates to medical equipment, namely to instruments for realisation of plasma coagulation of tissue. Instrument includes device for supply of oxidative means, device for gas supply and electrode for obtaining plasma, device for prevention of tissue carbonisation in the process of plasma coagulation. Device for carbonisation prevention in made with possibility of preparing gas and oxidative means mixture to obtain gas and oxidative means plasma, with two-component spray device for supply of oxidative means being is self-sucking two-component spray-type device. |
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Investigation method of radiation rack of structural materials, and container for its implementation Specimens of different types are prepared and arranged in an extraction container that is arranged in the reactor core. Three specimen irradiation zones are formed as to the container height. Lower and upper specimen irradiation zones are formed in the area of maximum gradient of neutron flow intensity and damaging irradiation doses as to height of the reactor core. Temperature of specimens of lower and middle zones is built with the specified heat carrier flow. Temperature of specimens of the upper zone is built due to their heating at irradiation in static heat carrier medium in a sealed ampoule heat insulated from flowing heat carrier. The middle zone includes several groups of identical specimens, which are arranged in pairs as to height of the extraction container. After the specimens are irradiated, the extraction container with specimens is extracted from the reactor core. Measurements, tests and investigations of properties of the irradiated specimens are performed and relationships between mechanical, physical properties and radiation stability of the investigated materials and temperature and irradiation dose are established. |
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Electric-arc plasmatron with water stabilisation of electric-arc Invention relates to electric-arc plasmatrons with water stabilisation of electric-arc, and can be effectively used when cutting any metal. The electric-arc plasmatron has coaxially and series-arranged cooled cathode assembly, insulator, swirl chamber, a system for feeding plasma-supporting gas and liquid and an anode assembly with an anode nozzle, placed in the inter-electrode gap relative the cathode assembly and forming a cavity for liquid stabilisation transitioning at the outlet into a water screen. The cavity in the anode nozzle is made of two interfaced conical surfaces: a wall which is 2/3 of the length of the initial section of the cavity makes an inclination angle α1=5-10°, then α2=30-45° to the cylindrical section at the outlet, the length of which is equal to 0.5-0.8 times its diameter, wherein parameters of the anode nozzle define the nature of liquid stabilisation of the plasma jet and protective characteristics of the water collector-distributor. |
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Low pressure transformer-type plasmatron for ion-plasma treatment of surface of materials Transformer-type plasmatron has a closed gas-discharge chamber with a system of magnetic conductors with primary windings, a holder for holding the treated material and a power supply. The gas-discharge chamber has a working chamber and one or more identical flat-topped chambers with a smaller inner diameter and a shorter or equal length, each having a system of dismountable magnetic conductors with primary windings, and arranged so as to form a closed path for gas discharge current with the working chamber. |
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Belt conveyor of charges for electrostatic accelerators Polyester-cotton fabric is used as multi-layer fabric base for belt conveyor; layers of the fabric are interconnected by glue with high adhesion while cladding layers for fabric are made of rubber mix based on butadiene-acrylo-nitric rubber including chalk stone and kaolin. Dibutyl phthalate is used as plasticiser. |
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Anode of arc plasma generator and arc plasma generator Arc plasma generator with multistage gas supply contains cathode and anode. Anode is made of at least two sections, at that any two adjoining anode sections are connected electrically to each other. Between any two adjoining anode sections there are gas guide holes which are tangential holes or holes ensuring gas flow which direction of velocity has tangential and axial components at the same time. |
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At least one rotary motion is given to a structural element or structural elements (1) relative to at least one row of fixed elementary sources (2) arranged as fixed into a line. The row or rows of elementary sources (2) arranged within a line are placed in parallel to the axis of the structural element or axes of rotation of structural elements. |
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Apparatus for compressing plasma and method of compressing plasma Disclosed are versions systems for compressing plasma and methods of compressing plasma in which plasma pressure higher than the ultimate strength of solid material can be achieved by injecting plasma into funnel of molten metal in which plasma is compressed and/or heated. |
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Method for probe diagnosis of plasma and apparatus for realising said method Method involves placing a probe in plasma, applying discrete stepped voltage pulses to the probe, recording the voltage versus current curve, measuring potential of the plasma space; voltage of each next step in a pulse is greater than that of the previous step; steps are formed with time intervals between them during which potential on the probe is set equal to the potential of the plasma space. The duration of each step and time intervals between the steps is set not shorter than the restoration time of plasma quasi-neutrality. The apparatus for probe diagnosis of plasma has a power supply, a probe, a discrete stepped voltage pulse generator and a measuring unit, a trigger pulse generator connected to the discrete stepped voltage pulse generator. The discrete stepped voltage pulse generator consists of a switching unit, constant emf sources and a microprocessor which controls the switching unit, and the measuring unit includes a set of switched resistors. |
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In a plasma generator according to the first version of realisation, comprising a spiral coil, placed inside a conducting screen, the inner surface of which has a shape close to cylindrical one, besides, the space between turns of the coil and between the coil and the screen is filled with a dielectric, the coil is made as flat, the distance from the plane of the coil to the outer surface of the dielectric is less than the doubled thickness of the coil, and the distance from the plane of the coil to the base of the inner surface of the screen is more than the doubled distance from the plane of the coil to the outer surface of the dielectric. In the plasma generator in accordance with the second version of realisation the coil is made flat, the screen is made in the form of a ring, the axis of which is perpendicular to the plane of the coil, the edge of the ring facing the volume, in which it is required to create plasma, is closed with the dielectric. In the plasma generator according to the third version of realisation the screen is electrically connected to one of the ends of the coil, and the dielectric permeability of the dielectric is within 2.5 - 50. |
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Generator includes a grid having the possibility of ionised gas generation at heating with electrons colliding with it. A cathode emits electrons for heating of the grid and collisions with generated ionised gas atoms for formation of ions. Neutrons are formed as a result of collision of ions falling down to a target in the generator. A tool for underground use, which includes a neutron generator, is described. |
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Plasma cathode includes hollow holder 1 with end walls 2, 3 and feedthrough holes 4, 5 for working medium, inside which emitter 6 is arranged, between which barrier layer 7 of chemically passive material is located; between inner surfaces 8 of the hollow holder and outer surfaces 9 of the emitter there are gaps 10, 10a, 10b, between which screen 11 is arranged. Surfaces of the screen are coated with barrier layers 7a. |
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Device to excite high-frequency flare discharge Device to excite a high-frequency flare discharge comprises a dielectric tube installed in a slot of a dielectric flange, in the axial hole of which there is a hollow power electrode so that its dead sharpened end is arranged inside the cylindrical dielectric tube, and the other end of the power electrode is arranged outside the limits of the dielectric tube and is electrically connected with the high-voltage electrode of the high-frequency generator. The end of the power electrode arranged outside the limits of the dielectric tube is equipped with two nozzles. The first nozzle arranged on the external end of the power electrode is connected with the system of water supply. The second nozzle aligned perpendicularly to the axis of the power electrode is connected with a sewage system. On the power electrode radially, at the sharp angle to its axis, there is an additional electrode, the end of which is sharpened and directed towards the area of contact of the dielectric tube and the external electrode, which with its concave side covers a part of the external surface of the dielectric tube. The external electrode is installed on the first end of the bar, capable of displacement in parallel to the axis of the dielectric tube, and the second end of the bar, via an electric insulating insert fixed on it, is connected with a drive. |
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Coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator Coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator contains solenoid, cylindrical titanium barrel, supply circuit. Titanium barrel contains fused jumpers, titanium wires, titanium central electrode, cylindrical insert made of copper. The central electrode body is made from magnet material and overlaps fused jumper location area per 40-50 mm. Copper insert is made as longitudinal copper buses of circular section. Length of copper buses is equal to length of titanium barrel and square area of the surface is equal to 30% of the square area of titanium barrel. |
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Apparatus and method for simulating magnetohydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamic simulation device includes a plasma container holding a first ionisable gas, a first electrical loop placed next to the plasma container, having a space interval, electrical contacts on the first and second sides of the interval, a first substance having at least low magnetic susceptibility or high conductivity. The first electrical loop can be composed of one or more wire loop coils. In such cases, electrical contact is established through ends of the coil wires. The magnetohydrodynamic simulation device includes an electroconductive first coil wound around the plasma container and through the first electrical loop. |
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High-energy proton or source of neutrons Implementation of proposed group of inventions supposes availability of ion source, accelerator and target unit. With that, target unit is functionally related to the above accelerator and includes target material for extraction of nuclear particles, which reacts with accelerated beam for emission of nuclear particles; also, target unit has the shape and sizes of a) magnetic target chamber, b) linear target chamber, which is functionally connected to high-speed synchronised pump, or c) linear target chamber, which is functionally connected to isotope extraction system. |
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Generation method of pulse flux of high-energy particles involves the following stages: initiation of ion plasma on the first electrode (111) in vacuum chamber (110) and provision of possibility of developing the above plasma in the direction to the second electrode (112) in the above vacuum chamber, supply of short high-voltage pulse between the above electrodes at time interval, at which the above ion plasma is in transient state with spatial distribution of ions or electrons at the distance from the above second electrode, for the purpose of accelerating the above distributed ions or electrons in direction to the above second electrode, due to which high-energy flux of charged particles is generated; at the same time, current limit is overcome, which is related to spatial charge, of common vacuum diode, and generation of the above high-energy particles on the above second electrode (112). |
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Generator of wide-aperture flow of gas-discharge plasma Generator of wide-aperture flow of gas-discharge plasma includes hollow cathode with base, which is installed coaxially into hollow insulation and covered with cover plate so that height of cavity of hollow cathode is determined with the ratio of 3λ<L<5λ, where λ - length of free passage of electron in flow of gas-discharge plasma. Bases of anode and cathode are perforated, thickness of insulation between hollow anode and hollow cathode is determined by the ratio of 0.5d<h<d, where d - diameter of coaxially located holes in bases of anode and cathode. |
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Device includes a source of ions placed under pressure in the medium containing an ionisable gas. The source of ions includes substrate with a bundle of carbon nanotubes passing away from it. Ends of nanotubes are spaced apart with a grate. Voltage supply electronic circuit provides gas ionisation and ion emission through the grate. Ion accelerator section is located between the source of ions and the target. Ion accelerator section accelerates ions passing through the grate to the target, so ion-target collision stipulates generation and emission of neutrons from it. The source of ions, accelerator section and target are placed in a sealed tube and carbon nanotubes in a bundle should be perfectly ordered preferably with at least 106 of carbon nanotubes per cm2 passing in direction parallel in essence to the central axial line of the tube. |
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Method for pancreatic malignancy exposure to hadron beam Invention refers to medical equipment, and may be used in hadron radiation therapy of malignant tumours. The method comprises performing the pre-radiation preparation that is patient's body fixation, determination of the malignancy topographometry, development of a conformal irradiation schedule. A conformal irradiation session involves controlling a dose taken by a malignancy, admissible values of the radiation source, radioactivity, temperature of various segments of the radiation source and magneto-optic chains of beam delivery to the malignant tumour. During the pre-radiation preparation and conformal irradiation session, the patient is fixed in an identical adjusted position, the topographometry of the malignant tumours are evaluated, and a hadron beam is delivered to the patient' malignant tumour during an identical respiratory pause in the absence of a cardiac beat pulse wave peak with a constant size of a thorax. |
Another patent 2513257.