Betatron with contraction and expansion coil. RU patent 2516293.
 Method for induction electron acceleration / 2513034Invention relates to acceleration techniques and can be used in making induction cyclic accelerators for industrial purposes, e.g. for modifying and producing new materials, sterilising medical instruments and food products, disinfecting medical wastes and other wastes, cleaning industrial flue gases from hazardous SOx and NOx oxides. The disclosed method involves achieving given final energy (≤10 MeV) using a rectangular wave of accelerating induction voltage and a triangular wave of the guiding magnetic field. In order to keep the radius of the equilibrium orbit constant during acceleration, special relationships between amplitude-time characteristics of magnetic induction on the orbit and induced accelerating voltage are satisfied. In order to realise strong focusing, a magnetic field with a large alternating gradient is formed on the orbit. |
 Source of braking radiation / 2482642Source of braking radiation comprises a magnetic conductor, poles, excitation windings, central inserts, an accelerating chamber, a target, two systems of shift windings with opposite pulse ampere turns in the end of the acceleration cycle. Shift windings are arranged between the accelerating chamber and the magnetic conductor. In windings of the first system created by shift windings that are nearest to poles, direction of pulse ampere turns matches direction of currents in shift windings, and windings of the second system are arranged between windings of the first system with gaps relative to windings of the first system and between each other. The gap between shift windings of the second system is less than size of the accelerating chamber in axial direction. A part of the gap between shift windings of the first and second systems is filled with a magnetic material. |
 Source of braking radiation / 2482641Source of braking radiation comprises a magnetic conductor, poles, excitation windings, central inserts, an accelerating chamber, a target, two systems of shift windings with opposite pulse ampere turns in the end of the acceleration cycle. Shift windings are arranged between the accelerating chamber and the magnetic conductor. In windings of the first system created by shift windings that are nearest to poles, direction of pulse ampere turns matches direction of currents in shift windings, and windings of the second system are arranged between windings of the first system with gaps relative to windings of the first system and between each other. The first system of shift windings is made with amplitude of pulse ampere turns higher than amplitude of ampere turns of the second system. |
 Betatron having removable accelerator block / 2479168Betatron (1), particularly in an x-ray inspection station, having an accelerator block which has a rotationally symmetrical inner yoke composed of two spaced-apart pieces (2a, 2b), at least one main field coil (6a, 6b), and a toroidal betatron tube (5) lying between the pieces (2a, 2b) of the inner yoke, with an outer yoke which embraces the accelerator block, connects the two pieces (2a, 2b) of the inner yoke, and has at least one lateral opening, as well as a lead shield which accommodates the accelerator block and the outer yoke, wherein the outer yoke consists of at least two parts which are movable relative to one another between an open and a closed position, and the accelerator block can laterally removed from the opening which is in the open position of the outer yoke. Betatron is fitted with means of fixing parts of the external yoke in a closed position, said means being accessible through the lead shield. |
 Positron acceleration method, and device for its implementation / 2468546Positron acceleration method involves acceleration of charged particles with vortex electric field of cyclic induction accelerator - betatron. Positrons are ejected to acceleration chamber from radioactive isotope; at that, magnetic field growth rate is synchronised with induced electric field so that orbit on which positrons move remains constant during the whole acceleration cycle. Positron acceleration device includes magnetic conductor, excitation windings, acceleration chamber and output windings. In acceleration chamber above or under median plane on mean radius of acceleration chamber there installed is radioactive isotope of positrons. |
 Lead screen for introduction electron accelerator / 2454047Invention refers to X-ray inspection appliances. A lead screen (1) for an introduction electron accelerator (2) in an X-ray generator consisting of at least four shielding boxes (7, 8, 9, 10) two of which (7, 8) are represented in the form of a semicylinder and have recesses (11, 12) in their side surfaces with side surfaces of the semicylindrical shielding boxes (7, 8) located in the matched recesses of the other shielding boxes (9, 10) so the recesses (11, 12) in the side surfaces form air channels between the semicylindrical shielding boxes (7, 8) and other shielding boxes (9, 10). |
 Method for cyclic acceleration of charged particles / 2451435Time-constant dipolar magnetic field is generated, where the spatial configuration of the dipole field is determined by the azimuthal length of the dipole sections, which enables, in the entire range of accelerated energies, to have small orbit deviation from the orbit with maximum energy in the dipole and have coinciding orbits outside the dipole. Charged particles are injected into the dipolar magnetic field. The particles are accelerated by an electric inductive field with pulse frequency which is a multiple of the orbiting period of the particles in the cyclic accelerator and the particles are output from the accelerator. |
 Coaxial magnetic plasma accelerator / 2442095FIELD: accelerators. SUBSTANCE: device can be used to accelerate plasma to hyperspeeds. The coaxial magnetic plasma accelerator is a cylindrical titanium barrel positioned coaxially inside a solenoid coil. A fuse link, made from titanium wires, is positioned inside the solenoid coil and connects electrically the starting of the barrel and a central titanium electrode which is connected to one of the terminals of the accelerator feed circuit. The second terminal of the solenoid coil is connected with the barrel starting. The casing of the central electrode unit is made from magnetic material and covers an area where the fuse link is positioned. The length of the part covering the fuse link area is 40-50 mm and its exterior surface is cone-shaped. A cylindrical copper piece is installed into the barrel starting, the length of this copper piece should not exceed one quarter of the titanium barrel length. There are saw notches in the ending of the copper piece, the length of these cuts does not exceed 85% of the copper piece length. EFFECT: extra-hard powder-like mixture production; the mixture is based on titanium and contains a copper flexible binding agent. 1 dwg |
 Betatron structure and betatron structure manufacturing method / 2434369Betatron structure includes vacuum chamber, injector arranged in it and two or more magnets arranged outside vacuum chamber. According to one of the versions the betatron structure also includes at least one target made and arranged so that it represents an integral part of injector or is combined with injector. Vacuum chamber includes are least two or more parts connected together. At least one of the above two or more parts is coated with coating with active resistance. At least one of the above two or more parts of the coating is alloyed as per the specified specific conductivity. Betatron structure manufacturing method involves stages of betatron parts manufacture, arrangement of injector on one of those parts, connection of parts so that hollow chamber is formed and two or more magnets are arranged outside hollow chamber. |
 Coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator / 2431947Coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator consists of a cylindrical electrically conducting rod made from two electrically conducting cylinders, an inner graphite cylinder and an outer metallic cylinder, and a centre electrode consisting of a graphite tip and a metallic tail, electrically connected by fuse link made from carbon powder. The centre electrode is separated from the cylindrical electrically conducting rod by an insulator. The housing is made from magnetic material, matched with the outer metallic cylinder and overlaps the zone where the fuse link is located by 40-50 mm. The solenoid is tied up by powerful current-conducting pins between a flange and a glass-fibre support ring. The terminal of an external power supply circuit is connected to the current-conducting pins. A second power supply circuit is connected to the metallic tail. |
 Method for preserving number of electrons in process of acceleration in betatron / 2281622Electron beam into stability area is injected with transverse section in form of elongated ellipse, greater axis of which is positioned in median plane of betatron. |
 Method for accelerating electrons in a betatron / 2319325Method for accelerating electrons in a betatron includes injection of electrons and acceleration cycle. In process of electronic beam acceleration cycle the radius of balanced orbit within limits of stability area is reduced according to law where R0 - radius of balanced orbit and a and b - greater and lesser semi-axes of ellipsoid cross-section of electronic beam after injection, and R01(t) - radius of balanced orbit and a1(t) and b1(t) - greater and lesser semi-axes of ellipsoid cross-section of electronic beam in the process of acceleration cycle. |
 Betatron electromagnet / 2339192Betatron electromagnet is related to accelerating equipment and may be used in development of betatrons that are intended for control of heavy-load transport means, containers and large-size items. Betatron electromagnet contains stands, yokes, poles with central inserts and multi-layer magnetising winding, which is arranged in the form of two sections that are symmetrically installed relative to middle plane of multipolar clearance; at that every section of winding is arranged as stepped, and steps of sections face the middle plane, and their number and number of turns in every step are selected so that turns of any step that are closest to the middle plane are distanced from this plane at the distance that is equal or more than the distance from the middle plane to the closet turn of i step. |
 Device for charge-particle beam conducting / 2356193Claimed invention relates to accelerating equipment and high-current electronics. Conducting device can be used in design of systems for charged particles beam input into various accelerators working in the mode of single pulses. In the claimed device focusing system is made stepped consisting of at least two magnet lenses and output shaper. In the magnet lenses inner stepped current-conducting screen is located, and output shaper step is made tapered with smooth transition from circular section at input to ellipsoidal section at output. Each of magnet lenses is connected to independent switched power supply. |
 Method for induction acceleration of charged particles / 2359434Invention is related to accelerating equipment and may be used in creation of induction cyclic accelerators of industrial purpose. Method of induction acceleration of charged particles consists in generation of magnetic filed increasing in time, injection of charged particles in it, acceleration of particles by induction electric field and withdrawal of accelerated particles. Magnetic field is generated with average value of magnetic induction, which is much lower than value of induction in orbit. Sign-changing gradient of magnetic field is generated in orbit with index of field, which is much higher than unit (intense focusing). Charged particles are accelerated by impulses of induction electric field with duration of impulses, which is much lower compared to time of field growth in orbit and is equal to half of particles circulation period with frequency of pulses repetition, which is equal to frequency of particles circulation and amplitude ΔU=ΔBvR0, where: ΔB is growth of induction per time of single circle, R0 is orbit radius, v is velocity of particles. |
 Electromagnet coil assembly method / 2397566Electromagnet coil assembly method involves bonding of the frame parts, each of which consists of coaxially adjacent disc and cylindrical sections. On one of the parts there laid are windings to spiral grooves. By applying the bonding agent to one of the parts, there connected are bonded parts with further application of compression force to them. Gap is left between cylindrical sections of parts. Abundant amount of bonding agent is applied in the form of circular bead to surface of disc sections of the part with the winding laid at the distance of 1/3-1/2 of radial size of disc from cylindrical section. As the bonding agent spreads, compression force is gradually increased. At that, effluent bonding agent is removed. Gap of not less than 0.25-0.5 mm is formed between cylindrical sections. Bonding agent is applied on the basis of 1-2 kg/m. Maximum compression force F=S·P, where S-contact area of disc sections of parts, m2, and P=104-1.2·104 Pa. |
 Ironless betatron electromagnet / 2397627Ironless betatron electromagnet has two coaxial flat spiral coils with a solenoid between them whose leads are connected to a power supply. The ends of the solenoid are connected to inner ends of the flat spiral coils. The electromagnet is divided into two parts which are symmetrical about a plane. Each part includes a main flat spiral coil and solenoid and an extra flat spiral coil and an extra solenoid with opposite main winding B of each part from the butt-end facing the plane of symmetry. The ends of the main and extra solenoids are connected to each other. On the other butt-end, the main solenoid is connected to the main flat spiral coil. The extra solenoid is connected to the extra flat spiral coil. The solenoids and flat spiral coils have N-recesses and n windings, where N and n are integers. The leads are coaxial. |
 Device for directing beam of electrons accelerated in betatron onto target / 2400949Device for directing a beam of electrons accelerated in a betatron onto a target has two groups of windings which are symmetrical about the plane of symmetry of the betatron. Each group includes a ring bias winding which is coaxial with the betatron and a sector emission winding. The middle of the said sector winding is diametrically opposite the target. The said sector winding is formed by several coils which are made in form of annular sectors uniformly distributed in an angle stretching 180°, are connected in parallel and are connected to their own power supply. |
 Method for inductive ion acceleration / 2420045Particles are accelerated in a magnetic field increasing over time, in which the average value of magnetic flux density inside the equilibrium orbit Bav is much less than the magnetic flux density at the equilibrium orbit. B0 ("Bav<<B0"), In order to keep the radius of the equlibrium orbit constant during acceleration, special relationships between amplitude-time characteristics of magnetic flux density on the orbit and the induced acceleration voltage are satisfied. In order to realise strong focusing, magnetic field with a large alternating gradient is formed on the orbit. The absence of resonant accelerating systems and synchronisation of accelerating pulses with pulses of the time-of-flight beam system enables to accelerate particles in a wide range of particle energy (velocity) with constant equilibrium radius during acceleration. |
 Method of accelerating positively charged particles and ions and hollow inductive accelerator / 2422924Method of accelerating positively charged particles and ions involves use of second-class conductors in pulsed induction accelerators as conducting working walls and placing or forming a plasma column at axes thereof. The hollow pulsed inductive accelerator has a cavity formed by two coaxial walls 2 made from insulating material, for example glass. The walls 2 are spaced apart on the radius and are sealed at the ends by metallic flange washers 3 and 4. The cavity between the walls 2 is filled with a second-class conductor 1 used as the working conducting element. The flange washers are connected in series with the second-class conductor 1 to a circuit 5 with a pulsed current generator 6. |
FIELD: physics.
SUBSTANCE: Betatron (1), especially in X-ray testing apparatus, having a rotationally symmetrical inner yoke having two interspaced parts (2a, 2b), an outer yoke (4) connecting the two inner yoke parts (2a, 2b), at least one main field coil (6a, 6b), a toroidal betatron tube (5) placed between the inner yoke parts (2a, 2b), at least one contraction and expansion coil (CE coil) 7a, 7b, wherein exactly one CE coil (7a, 7b) is respectively placed between the front side of the inner yoke part (2a, 2b) and the betatron tube (5), and the radius of the CE coil (7a, 7b) is essentially equal to the given orbital radius of the electrons in the betatron tube (5). The betatron has an electronic control circuit (8); contraction and expansion coil (7a, 7b) leads are connected to a current or voltage source (11), and in at least one line between the contraction and expansion coil (7a, 7b) and the current or voltage source (11), there is a switch (9) which is controlled by the electronic control circuit (8), wherein the electronic control circuit (8) is configured to cause flow of current through the contraction and expansion coil, during emission of electrons, such that yoke material is situated on the nonlinear portion of a hysteresis curve.
EFFECT: high efficiency.
7 cl, 4 dwg
The present invention relates to a betatron with coil compression and expansion, first of all, for the formation of x-rays in x-ray installation.
When checking bulky items such as containers and vehicles for illegal content, such as weapons, explosives or contraband, known use of x-ray installation. If this form of x-rays and provide guidance on the subject. Weakened subject to x-rays is measured by the detector and analyze the analyzer. Thus, a conclusion can be made about the properties of the object. Such x-ray installation is known, for example, from the publication of the European patent EP 0412190 B1.
For the formation of x-rays necessary for checking energy more than 1 MeV using the betatron. We are talking about circular accelerators, in which electrons are accelerated in a circular orbit. Accelerated electrons are directed to the target where they are at hit create bremsstrahlung spectrum, which also depends on the electron energy.
Known from the publication of the patent application DE 2357126 A1 betatron consists of two internal yoke, in which the face side, both parts of the yoke positioned opposite each other. Through two main field coils in the internal yoke create a magnetic field. Foreign yoke connects both remote from each other end of the internal parts of the yoke and closes the magnetic circuit.
Between the end both sides of the internal parts of the yoke is a vacuum chamber betatron, which move in a circle to be accelerated electrons. The face side of the internal parts of the yoke is designed in such a way that created by the coil of the main field of the magnetic field forces the electrons move in a circular orbit and, in addition, a strong focus in the plane, where is this circular orbit. For flux control is known location ferromagnetic paste between the frontal sides of the internal parts of the yoke inside the chamber betatron.
Electrons injections, for example, by electron gun at the camera betatron and through the coil of the main field increases the current, and consequently, and the strength of the magnetic field. By changing the magnetic field is generated electric field, which accelerates the electrons in their circular orbit. Simultaneously with the strength of the magnetic field equal increases acting on the electrons of the Lorentz force. As a result, the electrons are kept at a constant radius of the orbit. The electron moves in a circular orbit, if the Lorentz force, directed to the center of a circular orbit, and centripetal force, directed in the opposite direction, are mutually compensated. It follows from this condition, Wideroe:
where r s is specified radius of the electron orbit, a is the surface area, bounded by a given orbit radius r s , and <B(r, s )> - the average area of A magnetic force.
The disadvantage of this betatron is the fact that, for example, due to manufacturing tolerances, or scattering electron gun just a small part of the injected into the camera betatron electrons focuses on the desired circular orbit, thereby speeding up to final energy. The result is reduced efficiency. In addition, there is a problem of emission of accelerated electrons, that is the direction with the preset orbit to the target.
Therefore, the objective of the invention consists in development of betatron that does not have the above shortcomings.
According to the invention, this task is solved by means of signs, paragraph 1, of the claims. Preferred forms of exercise are given in dependent claims 2-6. Item 7 of the formula of the invention refers to the x-ray installation with application of the proposed betatron.
Object invention is the betatron for generation of x-ray radiation, particularly in x-ray facility containing:
- rotation-symmetric internal yoke of two located at a distance from each other's parts,
- foreign yoke, connecting both parts of the interior of the yoke,
- at least one spool of the main field
- toroidal chamber betatron, located between the opposite end of the parties to the internal parts of the yoke,
- at least one coil compression and expansion (CF-coil), and between the front side of the relevant part of the internal yoke and camera betatron is level one coil compression and expansion, and the radius of the coil compression and expansion essentially equal to the radius of the orbits of electrons in the cell betatron,
- electronic gun, injects electrons in the camera betatron.
Proposed invention betatron contains electronic control scheme, and the conclusions of the coil compression and expansion connected with a source of current or voltage, and at least in one line between the coil compression and expansion, and a source of current or voltage is the switch is driven by the electronic control circuit, and electronic circuit is made so that at the time of emission of electrons to the current passing through the coil compression and expansion, when the material yoke is on nonlinear curve hysteresis.
If the radius of electrons injection into the camera betatron more specified radius of the orbit during acceleration, due to the magnetic field CF-coil air condition, Wideroe runs on a smaller radius of the orbit. This leads to the fact that electrons within pulse compression moving in an orbit that approaches the desired specified radius of the orbit.
At the end of the process of acceleration of electrons on the phase of release is sent to the target. To do this, on the coil compression and expansion again is current. The current passing through CF-coil during the ejection of electrons is also called a pulse expansion. At this point coil main field create a stronger magnetic field than during the injection phase. The material parts of the yoke and round wafer is the non-linear hysteresis curve, which describes the relationship between the exciting magnetic flux and magnetic flux in the material. Therefore, the magnetic flow in the material, in relation to the magnetic flux in the air (gap) between the internal parts of the yoke, coil compression and expansion becomes more influence than during the injection phase. This leads to the violation of the conditions of Wideroe, which is now again changed the given radius of the orbit. Electrons move in having the form of a spiral orbit in the direction of the modified specified radius of the orbit and in this movement are on target.
If the target is, for example, outside of the specified radius of the orbit, then the magnetic field CF-coil changes of a magnetic stream in such a way that the condition of Wideroe runs on a larger radius. Thus, the electron drift outwards until you get to the target.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention of the betatron has advanced at least one round plate between the internal parts of the yoke, so that its longitudinal axis coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry internal yoke.
Electron gun that injects the electrons in the camera betatron, emits electrons in having the form of a funnel the field of spatial angle with a certain probability distribution. According to the pulse duration compression can be set, what part of this area spatial angle electrons focus on given a circular orbit. In addition, you can compensate mounting tolerances electron gun.
Conclusions CF-coil connected with a source of current or voltage, and at least in one line between the CF-coil and a source of current or voltage is designed to actuate the electronic circuit of the control switch. The switch is, for example, high-power semiconductor switch, such as the IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor - bipolar transistor with insulated gate). The switch determines how the time and duration of passage of current through the coil. By varying the length of pulse compression and/or extensions installed amplitude maximum current coil and, thus, the maximum change of the magnetic field. This electronic control scheme, preferably made in such a way that the moment of inclusion and activation time of the switch, that is, the beginning and duration of the pulse compression or expansion may change.
According to the invention the same coil compression and expansion is used as for focusing of the electron at a given circular orbit during the injection phase and for the emission of electrons on the target. This minimizes the footprint compared with two separate coils, due to what you can achieve better insulation winding coils. In addition, you can save on power electronic devices for power coils.
The betatron has detector for the measurement of the intensity of the generated x-ray radiation. Preferably, the detector is connected with electronic control scheme in order to determine the moment of inclusion and activation time of the switch via electronic control circuit on the output signal of the detector. Receive a regulatory system that chooses pulse compression in order to achieve the desired intensity of radiation.
It is also preferable if at least one coil main field is located inside the yoke, primarily the narrowing or shoulder internal yoke. This leads to the fact that essentially all magnetic flux generated by the coil is the main field that passes through the inner yoke. The predominant way betatron has two coils of the main field on each part of the inner yoke is one coil of the main field. This leads to the preferential distribution of the magnetic flow in internal parts of the yoke.
Preferably, the proposed betatron is used in x-ray installation to verify security features. Electrons injections in the betatron and accelerated before they will be directed to a target, consisting, e.g. of tantalum. There electrons generate x-ray radiation with a known spectrum. X-ray radiation is directed to the object, preferably a container and/or means of transport, and there is modified, for example, due to dispersion or transmission attenuation. Modified x-ray radiation is measured by x-ray detector and analyzed with analyzer (device data). The results make a conclusion about the properties or content of the object.
The present invention is explained in more detail on the example of its implementation with reference to the drawings that show:
on the figure 1 - schematic representation of the proposed betatron in the section,
in the figure 2 - qualitative characteristic changes in the strength of the magnetic field depending on the radius during the injection phase,
in the figure 3 - qualitative characteristics of the change of power magnetic field depending on the radius during the phase of emission, and the
in the figure 4 - the electric circuit to control the CF-coil.
On the figure 1 shows the schematic section building preferred betatron 1. Among other things, it consists of a rotationally symmetric internal yoke of the two located at a distance from each other parts 2a, 2b, four round plates 3a-3d between parts 2a, 2b internal yoke, with the longitudinal axis of the round plates 3a-3d corresponds to the axis of rotational symmetry internal yoke, connecting both parts of the inner yoke 2a, 2b outdoor yoke 4, located between parts 2a, 2b internal toroidal yoke camera 5 betatron, two coils 6a and 6b of the main field, and not depicted in figure 1 electronic circuit 8 management. Coil 6a and 6b are located on the shoulder parts 2a or 2b internal yoke. They generate a magnetic field permeates part 2a and 2b internal yoke, with the magnetic circuit is closed by external yoke 4. The form of internal and/or external yoke can be selected specialist depending on the application and may differ from the presented on the figure 1 form. Also, there may be only one or more than two coils of the main field. Another amount and/or form of round plates is also possible.
Between the end of the parties parts 2a and 2b internal yoke magnetic field partially goes through a round plate 3a-3d, and the rest - through an air gap. This air gap is located 5 betatron. When it comes to vacuum chamber, which accelerated electrons. The face side parts 2a and 2b internal yoke have the form, which is chosen so that the magnetic field between them focus the electron in a circular orbit. The shape of the face parties well-known specialist and therefore is not explained in more detail. At the end of the process of accelerating electrons reach the target and therefore generate x-rays, the spectrum of which, among other things, depends on final energy electrons and the target material.
To accelerate electrons with initial energy injections in camera 5 betatron. During the acceleration phase of the magnetic field in the betatron 1 through coils 6a and 6b of the main field is constantly growing. Consequently formed the electric field, which has an accelerating impact on electrons. At the same time, the electrons due to the Lorentz force drifting on a given circular orbit inside the camera 5 betatron.
Acceleration of electrons is recurrent, which formed as a result of pulsed x-ray radiation. In each period, the electrons in the first stage injections in camera 5 betatron. At the second stage, the electrons are accelerated in the direction of their circular orbits due to the increasing current in the coils 6a and 6b of the main field and, thus, increasing the magnetic field in the air gap between the parts 2a and 2b internal yoke. At the third stage of accelerated electrons emitted by a target for the formation of x-ray radiation. Then there is a optional pause before the electrons re injections in camera 5 betatron.
For the orbits of electrons in the cell 5 betatron operates above the condition of Wideroe determined that the centripetal force compensates Lorentz. The radius r s , which satisfies the equation
is a stable fixed radius of the orbit, which are moving electrons.
Electronic gun injects the electrons with the famous opening angle, the distribution of electrons over this angle of opening is not usually constant. In addition, electronic gun injects the electron radius r l different from the specified radius r s orbit. So, first of all, it is necessary to transfer electrons with radius injection r l for a given orbit radius r s . For this are both coils 7a and 7b compression and expansion (CF-coil), which are located between the end of the parties parts 2a or 2b internal yoke and Luggage 5 betatron. CF-coil shown on the figure 1 three spiral coils, however, may any other implementation. Radius CF-coils 7a and 7b essentially equal to the radius r s orbits of electrons in the cell 5 betatron. Effective spatial stretched location CF-coils 7a and 7b their outer edges slightly extend for a specified radius r s orbit. The exact size and location of the CF-coils is given to the discretion of carrying out the invention of a specialist. However, it should be observed that the inner radius of the CF-coils 7a and 7b is the large external radius of the round 3 plates for magnetic field created by them passed through part of the area outside the round 3 plates.
Median axis CF-coils 7a and 7b coincide with the axis of rotational symmetry internal yoke. Into force of this location and the size of the CF-coils 7a and 7b they created a magnetic field passes through circular surface, the radius of which is more radius of round plates and is about 3 in the sphere of given radius r s orbit.
The figure 2 shows the qualitative characteristic changes forces are represented by a continuous line of the magnetic field B, depending on the radius measured from the axis of rotational symmetry internal yoke, and radius r l electrons injection. Because of magnetized material round plates 3 receive approximately constant magnetic field within the round 3 plates. The magnetic field in the air outside the round plates are significantly smaller and, in addition, decreases with increasing radius. When presented magnetic field is shown in figure 2 a specified radius r s orbit satisfies the condition of Wideroe.
If the current, so-called pulse compression is served in the CF-coil 7a and 7b, you get shown in figure 2, the dashed line qualitative characteristics B'(r) the strength of the magnetic field depending on the radius, as a superposition of the magnetic field coils 6a, 6b main field and CF-coils 7a, 7b. With this result magnetic field condition of Wideroe runs on a modified specified radius r s ' orbit. This implies that electrons are keen on having the form of a spiral orbit of radius r l injection modified on the specified radius r s ' orbit. Thus electrons cross, for example, depending on the angle of their injection into the camera 5 betatron, the desired preset radius r s orbit at different times. The electrons, which in the end of the pulse compression are at the desired radius r s orbit or next to it, then accelerated in the area.
Thus, by selecting the time of the completion of the pulse compression, you can choose what part of the opening angle electron guns are electrons that are accelerated to the desired final energy.
This way, you can maximize and to adjust the intensity of x-ray radiation generated by the betatron 1.
At the end of the process of acceleration coil 6a and 6b of the main fields form a magnetic field B(r), qualitatively shown in figure 3 by a continuous line, the characteristic of which essentially corresponds to the magnetic field on the figure 2. However, due to higher current through the coil 6a and 6b of the main field, magnetic field significantly stronger. In addition, the material burdens and/or round wafer is the non-linear curve hysteresis. Therefore, in case of power on the CP-coil 7a and 7b through the so-called impulse expansion get shown as a broken line on the figure 3 the applied magnetic field B(r). Proceeding from this the applied magnetic field, the changed specified radius r s ' orbit satisfies the condition of Wideroe. This implies that electrons on having the form of a spiral orbit drift from the actual during acceleration specified radius r s orbit in the direction of the modified specified radius r s ' orbit. During the drift of moving electrons fall into the target and generate this x-ray emission.
Not shown in the figures of the x-ray detector detects the intensity of the generated x-ray radiation and regularly transmits the information about the intensity in the electronic circuit 8 management. It measures the intensity and determines on the basis of this evaluation, the duration and the time of pulse compression and expansion for the next period of acceleration of electrons.
\1. The betatron (1) for the generation of x-ray radiation, particularly in x-ray facility containing: - rotationally symmetric internal yoke of two located at a distance from each other parts (2a, 2b), the foreign yoke (4), connecting both parts of (2a, 2b) internal yoke, at least one spool (6a, 6b) main field, toroidal chamber (5) betatron, located between the opposite end of the parties parts (2a, 2b) internal yoke at least one spool (7a, 7b) compression and expansion, and between the front side the relevant part (2a, 2b) internal yoke and Luggage (5) betatron is level one coil (7a, 7b) compression and expansion, and the radius of the coil (7a, 7b) compression and expansion essentially equal to the radius of the orbit of the electron in the chamber (5) betatron, electron gun, injects electrons in the camera (5) betatron, characterized in that it contains an electronic circuit (8) management, conclusions coil (7a, 7b) compression and expansion connected with a source (11) current or voltage, and at least in one line between the coil (7a, 7b) compression and expansion and source (11) current or voltage there is a switch (9), managed by the electronic circuit (8) management, and electronic scheme (8) control is designed so that during the ejection of electrons to the current passing through the coil compression and expansion, when the material yoke is on nonlinear curve hysteresis.
2. The betatron (1) according to claim 1, wherein the opposite end face of paragraphs (2a, 2b) internal yoke made and are mirror-symmetrical in relation to each other.
3. The betatron (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the domestic yoke, primarily the narrowing or shoulder internal yoke is at least one coil (6a, 6b) main field.
4. The betatron (1) in clause 3, characterized by the presence of two coils (6a, 6b) main field on each of the parts (2a, 2b) internal yoke is one coil (6a, 6b) main field.
5. The betatron according to claim 1, characterized by the presence of at least one round plate (3), located between parts (2a, 2b) internal yoke so that its longitudinal axis coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry internal yoke.
6. The betatron (1) according to claim 1, wherein the switch (9) is a semiconductor switch, in particular bipolar transistor with insulated gate.
7. X-ray inspection unit for security checks of objects of the betatron (1) one of claims 1 to 6 and the target is to generate x-rays, and x-ray detector and an analyzer.