Coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator. RU patent 2498542.
 Apparatus and method for simulating magnetohydrodynamics / 2497191Magnetohydrodynamic simulation device includes a plasma container holding a first ionisable gas, a first electrical loop placed next to the plasma container, having a space interval, electrical contacts on the first and second sides of the interval, a first substance having at least low magnetic susceptibility or high conductivity. The first electrical loop can be composed of one or more wire loop coils. In such cases, electrical contact is established through ends of the coil wires. The magnetohydrodynamic simulation device includes an electroconductive first coil wound around the plasma container and through the first electrical loop. |
 Generator of wide-aperture flow of gas-discharge plasma / 2496283Generator of wide-aperture flow of gas-discharge plasma includes hollow cathode with base, which is installed coaxially into hollow insulation and covered with cover plate so that height of cavity of hollow cathode is determined with the ratio of 3λ<L<5λ, where λ - length of free passage of electron in flow of gas-discharge plasma. Bases of anode and cathode are perforated, thickness of insulation between hollow anode and hollow cathode is determined by the ratio of 0.5d<h<d, where d - diameter of coaxially located holes in bases of anode and cathode. |
 Flow control system with plasma actuator, method of its use for control flowing over high-speed carrier weapons compartment / 2489315Set of invention relates to airborne carrier flight control means. Proposed system comprises plasma actuator arranged at aircraft surface, AC voltage source to generate AC voltage signal and device to control AC voltage signal output to plasma actuator. Said plasma actuator is arranged to stay ahead of recess in compliance with free airflow direction. Proposed method consists in that actuator causes air ionisation and develops forced flow to cause flow separation in boundary layer over said actuator and deflection of said separation layer behind actuator from said recess. |
 Method for obtaining carbon nanomaterials by means of energy of low-temperature plasma, and plant for its implementation / 2488984Solid raw material - pulverised coal is supplied to bunker (1), and from it to batcher (2). Dosed raw material is supplied by pneumatic transport (3) to plasma reactor (4), in the cross section of which there obtained is full profile of temperatures of 2800-4500°C. Then, flow of gas and solid particles is supplied to muffle zone (5); after that, it is supplied to separation chamber (6). Large-size particles of activated carbon fall to collector (7), and small-disperse solid particles of carbon nanomaterials together with gas are supplied for further cleaning through gas outlet chamber (8) to scrubber (9), where they are collected and fall to bunker (10). Then, gas is supplied for cleaning to cyclone (11), where the rest ultradisperse particles of carbon nanomaterials are deposited in bunker (12), and gas can be further used for chemical synthesis or burnt in firing devices. |
 Plasma generator of deceleration radiation / 2488243Plasma generator of deceleration radiation has a microwave resonator placed in a magnetostatic field with a plug configuration with a small plug ratio and excited by a microwave generator. Pulse-forming magnetic coils are placed on the microwave resonator in the interpole space of an electromagnet; the resonator is connected to a pulse gas valve which enables to form a powerful gas jet directed into the region of generating a bunch of accelerated electrons. A solid-state target is placed in the resonator outside the heating zone. |
 Gas cleaning, destruction and conversion method / 2486719In gas cleaning, destruction and conversion method, action of high-voltage pulse periodic ring discharge is performed on gas, which leads to formation of low-temperature plasma and UV radiation, which initiate plasma chemical reactions, creation of an impact wave, gas heating, creation of convective flows and gas cleaning from microparticles. Gas cleaning is performed by a plasma jet created with microwave radiation; at that, gas quickly passes to a hot plasma area, where plasma chemical reactions are implemented, and is supplied to cold area, thus ensuring tempering of products of plasma chemical reactions. |
 Plasma source of energy / 2485727Invention relates to hybrid sources of energy for power generation, production of hot air, hot water and hot water steam for public services, householders associations (HA), gardening co-operatives, separate cottages and/or industrial facilities. A plasma hybrid source of energy comprises the following components connected in series: a generator 1 of smoke gases, a slide valve 2, a pulse converter 3 of smoke gases into plasma with a block of ionising chambers 3.1, a converter of plasma energy 4 into power and an exhaust pipe 5 with a filter 6. The second inlet of the pipe 5 is connected with the second outlet of the slide valve 2. The slide valve 2 is of a box, cylindrical or tap design with digital or analogue control of switching frequency of smoke gases supply direction into chambers 3.1 and a smoke stack 5. The control inlet of the slide valve 2 is connected with the first control outlet of the control unit 7, the second control outlet of which by frequency of plasma detonation is connected with the control inlet of a pulse pumping device 8, and by signals of monitoring and control of CO2 gases generation - with a generator 1 of smoke gases. The generator 1 is made in the form of a gas burner or a small-size solid fuel furnace equipped with a controlled valve 1.1 of air supply and a control electrode 1.2, control and signal inlets of which are connected with appropriate inlets/outlets of the control unit 7. |
 Plasma reactor with magnetic system / 2483501Plasma reactor with a magnetic system differs by the fact that electrodes of capacitance excitation are made in the form of two hollow cylinders arranged inside the chamber coaxially, the antenna of the induction excitation is arranged radially symmetrically relative to hollow cylinders and the substrate, the magnetic system is made of solenoidal elements arranged coaxially to the substrate, and the upper plane of the substrate is between two lower solenoidal elements of the magnetic system. |
 Method for local heating of cathode surface section / 2483500Between electrodes with fixed distance between them voltage is supplied, the arising current melts and evaporates a thin wire, which is located between electrodes, the distance from the cathode to the anode is selected such that the discharge without the wire will not occur spontaneously, and between electrodes conditions are created for avalanche breakdown of a discharge gap arising in case there are vapours of the evaporating wire in air. At the same time the section around the wire and cathode surface is surrounded with a dielectric, and as voltage is supplied to a discharge gap in the section of the cathode surface limited with the dielectric, the energy is concentrated, which locally heats this section of the cathode surface. |
 Hybrid vehicle / 2481969Invention relates to vehicles with motor-driven wheels. Hybrid vehicle comprises onboard power supply, electric power accumulator, electronic converter of accumulator power into three-phase variable voltage, electric drive of wheels, onboard computer and control board. Onboard power supply comprises plasma chemical pulse reactor. Magnetohydrodynamic generator and catalytic accumulator are sequentially fitted at plasma output of plasma chemical reactor. Said magnetohydrodynamic generator and catalytic accumulator are connected via output voltage with electric power accumulator. Electric drive of wheels comprises three-phase supply voltage electronic switch and unit of induction motors. Stator windings of induction motors are connected via three-phase feed voltage with output of electronic converter by electronic switch. Control input of electronic switch is connected via onboard computer with vehicle control board. |
 Central solenoid for resistive plasma heating / 2245004Proposed central solenoid used as tokamak inductor and easily dismounted from central column has four conductor layers with inner cooling ducts. Each layer is made separately with four entrances in each layer. All sixteen conductors are connected in series and their junctions are disposed on butt-end surfaces of solenoid switching blocks. Insulated layers of conductors are inserted one into other. |
 Method of control of power of spacecraft power plant and device for realization of this method / 2249546Proposed method includes stabilization and change of power of power plant through regulation of consumption of engine working medium. When power of solar battery drops to level of maximum permissible power consumed by engine, consumption of working medium is changed in such way that power of solar battery might change in saw-tooth pattern and vertices of saw might be in contact with line of maximum probable power of solar battery. Device proposed for realization of this method includes matching voltage converter whose outputs are connected with engine electrodes and inputs are connected with solar battery busbars, current and voltage sensors showing solar battery voltage and power sensor connected with current and voltage sensors. Comparator connected with power sensor is also connected with controllable power setter and initial power setter. Outputs of controllable power setter are connected with comparator and comparison circuit whose input is connected with power sensor output. Output of comparison circuit is connected with amplifier-regulator of consumption of working medium. |
 Gas-discharge plasma cathode / 2250577Electrode set of plasma cathode has hollow cylindrical cathode with slit-shaped output aperture and hollow anode. Height of the latter depends on distance between cathode aperture and control grid. Ratio of anode height and control grid transverse incision is greater than unity. Cathode aperture width depends on thickness of spatial charge cathode layer. |
 Method of predicting variations of parameters of steady-state plasma engine / 2251090Method comprises short-term service life testing, measuring liner sizes of the erosion profiles of the walls of discharging chamber, predicting new erosion profiles, measuring the area of erosion, determining dependence between the measurements of thrust and total area of erosion, and determining proportionality coefficient between the thrust and total erosion area. |
 Microwave plasmatron / 2251824Proposed microwave plasmatron has flash chamber whose inner conductive surface bears one or more annual radial slots that can be made in the form of short-circuited lengths of coaxial line with conducting walls, their depth being equal to quarter-wavelength of generator electromagnetic oscillations. |
|
Microwave plasmatron / 2251824 Proposed microwave plasmatron has flash chamber whose inner conductive surface bears one or more annual radial slots that can be made in the form of short-circuited lengths of coaxial line with conducting walls, their depth being equal to quarter-wavelength of generator electromagnetic oscillations. |
|
Microwave plasmatron / 2251824 Proposed microwave plasmatron has flash chamber whose inner conductive surface bears one or more annual radial slots that can be made in the form of short-circuited lengths of coaxial line with conducting walls, their depth being equal to quarter-wavelength of generator electromagnetic oscillations. |
 Installation and method for production of nanodispersed powders in microwave plasma / 2252817The installation comprises production-linked: microwave oscillator 1, microwave plasmatron 2, gas-flow former 3, discharge chamber 4, microwave radiation absorber 5, reaction chamber 6, heat-exchanger 7, filter-collector of target product (powder) 8, device for injection of the source reagents in a powdered or vapors state into the reaction chamber, the installation has in addition a device for injection of the source reagents in the liquid-drop state, it has interconnected proportioner 9 in the form of cylinder 10, piston 11 with gear-screwed electric drive mechanism 12 adjusting the speed of motion of piston 1, evaporative chamber 13 with a temperature-controlled body for regulating the temperature inside the chamber that is coupled to the assembly of injection of reagents 14 in the vaporous state and to the assembly of injection of reagents 15 in the liquid-drop state, injection assembly 14 is made with 6 to 12 holes opening in the space of the reaction chamber at an angle of 45 to 60 deg to the axis of the chamber consisting at least of two sections, the first of which is connected by upper flange 16 to the assemblies of injection of reagents, to discharge chamber 4, plasmatron 2, with valve 17 installed between it and microwave oscillator 1, and by lower flange 18, through the subsequent sections, it is connected to heat exchanger 7, the reaction chamber has inner water-cooled insert 20 rotated by electric motor 19 and metal scraper 21 located along it for cutting the precipitations of powder of the target product formed on the walls of the reaction chamber, and heat exchanger 7 is made two water-cooled coaxial cylinders 22 and 23, whose axes are perpendicular to the axis of the reaction chamber and installed with a clearance for passage of the cooled flow, and knife 24 located in the clearance, rotating about the axis of the cylinders and cleaning the working surfaces of the cylinders of the overgrowing with powder, powder filter-collector 8 having inside it filtering hose 25 of chemically and thermally stable material, on which precipitation of powder of the target product from the gas flow takes place, in the upper part it is connected by flange 26 to the heat exchanger, and in the lower part the filter is provided it device 27 for periodic cleaning of the material by its deformation, and device 28 with valve 29 for sealing the inner space of the filter. The method for production of nanodispersed powders in microwave plasma with the use of the claimed installation consists in injection of the source reagents in the flow of plasma-forming gas of the reaction chamber, plasmochemical synthesis of reagents, cooling of the target product and its separation from the reaction chamber through the filter-collector, the source reagents are injected into the flow of plasma-forming gas, having a medium-mass temperature of 1200 to 3200 K in any state of aggregation: vaporous, powdered, liquid-drop or in any combination of them, reagents in the powdered state are injected in the form of aerosol with the gas-carrier into the reaction chamber through injection assembly 35 with a hole opening into the space of the reaction chamber at an angle of 45 to 60 deg to the chamber axis, reagents in the liquid-drop or vaporous state are injected into the reaction chamber through injection assemblies 15 or 14, respectively, in the form of ring-shaped headers, the last of which is made with 6 to 12 holes opening into the space of the reaction chamber at an angle of 45 to 60 deg to the chamber axis, each of them is blown off by the accompanying gas flow through the coaxial ducts around the holes, at expenditure of the source reagents, plasma-forming gas, specific power of microwave radiation, length of the reaction zone providing for production of a composite system and individual substances with preset properties, chemical, phase composition and dispersity. |
 Radiation source built around plasma focus with improved switching-mode supply system / 2253194High-energy photon source has electrode pair 8 for producing plasma pinch disposed in vacuum chamber of plasma pinch generating device 2. Chamber holds working gas incorporating noble cushion gas and active gas chosen to afford generation of desired spectral line. Switching-mode power supply 10 generates electric pulses of sufficiently high voltage to build up electrical discharge between electrodes. This discharge produces high-temperature plasma pinches of high density in working gas which generate radiation in spectral line of power supply. Electrodes are of coaxial configuration with anode on axis. Active gas is introduced through hollow anode. |
 Pulse plasma accelerator and plasma acceleration method / 2253953Device has two electrodes, dielectric blocks, made of special material, discharge channel with open end portion, walls of which are formed by surfaces of electrodes and dielectric blocks, energy accumulator, current feeds, connecting electrodes to energy accumulator, which together with electrodes and accumulator form an external electric circuit, isolator, mounted between electrodes near end portion of discharge channel, opposite to open end portion, and charge initiation device. Characteristics of external electrical circuit of accelerator are selected from condition : 2≤C/L, where C - electric capacity of external electric circuit in micro-farads, and L - inductiveness of external electric circuit in nh, value of which satisfies the condition: L≤100 nh. Plasma acceleration method includes ignition of charge in discharge channel of plasma accelerator in pulse feed of discharge voltage from energy accumulator to electrodes of plasma accelerator. In discharge channel of accelerator quasi-periodic pulse discharges are ignited and maintained with value of discharge voltage U no less than 1000 volts and above-mentioned characteristics of accelerator electric circuit. |
FIELD: electricity.
SUBSTANCE: coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator contains solenoid, cylindrical titanium barrel, supply circuit. Titanium barrel contains fused jumpers, titanium wires, titanium central electrode, cylindrical insert made of copper. The central electrode body is made from magnet material and overlaps fused jumper location area per 40-50 mm. Copper insert is made as longitudinal copper buses of circular section. Length of copper buses is equal to length of titanium barrel and square area of the surface is equal to 30% of the square area of titanium barrel.
EFFECT: invention allows production of mixture of superhard powdered material on the basis of titanium with binding agent made of copper.
1 dwg
The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and Electrophysics, namely experimental physics and accelerator technology and can be used to accelerate a plasma to , as well as to obtain a blend of nanosized powders of titanium and copper and compounds: oxides, nitrides and other by spraying material plasma jet in free space.
Known coaxial accelerator (EN 61856 U1, IPC F41B 6/00 (2006.01), publ. 10.03.2007 BC), executed in the form of coaxially placed inside the solenoid, cylindrical electrically conductive barrel, inside of which is placed a fusible link, electrically connects the beginning of the trunk and the Central electrode, which is connected to one terminal of the power circuit of the accelerator. Power supply circuit of the second terminal is attached to the end of the solenoid, remote from Central electrode. The other end of the solenoid is electrically connected with the beginning of the trunk. Tops of Central electrode, the beginning of the shaft and start solenoid placed in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the barrel. Housing site of the Central electrode is made of magnetic material and covers the area of the fuse jumper. The length of the overlapping area of the fuse jumper is 40-50 mm, and its outer surface is cone-shaped.
With this accelerator is impossible to get a mixture of powdered superhard materials based on titanium, which entered binder plastic component of copper.
Closest to the claimed accelerator is coaxial accelerator (EN 2442095 C1, IPC F41B 6/00 (2006.01), H05H 11/00 (2006.01), publ. 10.02.2012,), selected as a prototype, made in the form of coaxially placed inside the solenoid, a cylindrical conducting titanium barrel. Inside the barrel posted fusible link, electrically connects the beginning of the trunk and the Central electrode, which is connected to one terminal of the power circuit of the accelerator. Power supply circuit of the second terminal is attached to the end of the solenoid, remote from Central electrode. The other end of the solenoid is electrically connected with the beginning of titanium barrel, and the top of the Central electrode, the beginning of the shaft and start solenoid placed in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the barrel. Housing site of the Central electrode is made of magnetic material and covers the area of the fuse jumper, the length of the overlapping area of the fuse jumper is 40-50 mm, and its outer surface is cone-shaped. Inside the cylindrical titanium barrel in the initial part of the placed cylindrical copper insert a length not exceeding a quarter of the length of titanium trunk, and in the final part of the copper inserts are made cuts equivalent to no more than 85% of its length.
The downside is the prototype unstable diameter of the accelerator channel along its length, which negatively influences the dynamics of the plasma flow, which form the mixture.
The objective of the invention is to obtain the charge of powdered superhard materials based on titanium, which entered binder plastic component of copper.
The task is achieved due to the fact that the coaxial accelerator is made the same way as in the prototype, as coaxially placed inside the solenoid, a cylindrical conducting titanium barrel. Inside the barrel posted fusible link, electrically connects the beginning of the trunk and the Central electrode, which is connected to one terminal of the power circuit of the accelerator. Power supply circuit of the second terminal is attached to the end of the solenoid, remote from Central electrode. The other end of the solenoid is electrically connected with the beginning of titanium barrel, and the top of the Central electrode, the beginning of the shaft and start solenoid placed in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the barrel. Housing site of the Central electrode is made of magnetic material and covers the area of the fuse jumper, the length of the overlapping area of the fuse jumper is 40-50 mm, and its outer surface is cone-shaped. Inside the cylindrical titanium barrel in the initial part of the placed cylindrical copper insert.
According to the invention the copper insert is made in the form of longitudinally placed copper mount rails of a circular cross-section, length equal to the length of titanium barrel, and the area of copper busbars surface is up to 30% of the surface area of titanium barrel.
Through the use of copper busbars happens electroerosion life copper, spraying which produces compound such as nanodispersed copper powder.
Choice of a square surface of copper bars and titanium trunk determined necessary relation to the components of the charge. Known that the ratio of plastic binder component must to 10% of the total charge. It is experimentally established that such a correlation is provided under the condition when the area of copper busbars surface is 30% of the surface area of titanium barrel.
Figure 1 shows a coaxial accelerator.
Coaxial accelerator consists of a cylindrical conducting titanium barrel 1, the Central electrode 2 connecting them fuse jumper 3, consisting of metal wires, which are diverging from the Central electrode 2 and envelopes butt part isolator 4 Central electrode 2. Node 5 Central electrode 2, made of magnetic material (structural steel), paired with the barrel 1, strengthening the Central node 2, covering the area of fuse jumper 3. The length of the overlapping area of the fuse jumper 3, makes 40-50 mm, and its outer surface is cone-shaped. Solenoid 6 is the integral flange 7 and cylindrical part 8, which host the site 5 Central electrode 2. Solenoid 6 fortified by a threaded plug 9. Solenoid 6 outside the fortified strong fiberglass hull 10 and pulled powerful conducting pins 11 between the flange 7 and fiberglass stop ring 12. Conductive studs 11 electrically conductive connected by a ring of 13, and by conducting ground stud 11 annexed track 14 external power supply circuits. The second track 15 power scheme attached to the Central electrode 2. To 15 consistently attached key 16 and 17 capacitor Bank, associated with 14. Inside the cylindrical titanium barrel 1 has four copper bus 18. Length of copper busbars 18 equal to the length of titanium 1 barrel.
Work unit is next. With the closure of the key 16 in loop power accelerator current begins to flow from the capacitor 17, 14, ring 13, ground stud 11, flange 7, solenoid coils 6, node 5, trunk 1, copper rails 18, smelting Col 3, Central electrode 2, 15, 16 and key to condenser 17. When reaching the growing current i(t) some level of fusible link 3 explodes with the formation of a high-current arc discharge. The primary form of the plasma structure specifies the configuration and location of the delay fuse jumper 3, as well as the presence of a cylindrical channel in a detention center for 4 Central electrode 2. Plasma high-current discharge is compressed by the magnetic field of its own current, magnetic field of the solenoid, and it becomes a form of a mushroom. In the device cone-shaped portion of the node 5 Central electrode covers the area of the fuse jumper 3 and formation of plasma structure, circumvents this area for some time and eliminates rotation mushroom plasma jumpers, reducing erosion of the gun on his initial site.
Generated pulse accelerator hypersonic plasma jet comes in a space filled with nitrogen spraying material produced by the inner surface of the titanium 1 barrel and copper busbars surface 18, and the formation of nanosized particles of superhard material.
The proposed device is tested in the following conditions: the capacity of a capacitor Bank 17 was 48 MT, its charging voltage - 3.0 kV length titanium barrel equal to 1 275 mm, inner diameter of the barrel - 21 mm, square surface of the barrel was 18134 sq. mm, copper tires 18 round section with diameter 1,6 mm, quantity of copper busbars - 4 . of copper busbars surface 18 was 5526 sq. mm, i.e. 30% of the surface area titanium 1 barrel. Nitrogen pressure - 1.0 ATM. As a result of this experiment, the obtained mixture is nanosized powder of titanium nitride with the inclusion of distributed copper particles. X-ray analysis showed that the charge consists of crystalline phases cTiN - 90% and Cu - 10%.
Coaxial accelerator designed as a coaxially placed inside the solenoid, titanium cylindrical barrel, inside of which is placed a fusible link from titanium wire electrically connects the beginning of the trunk and titanium Central electrode attached to one of the circuit terminals power suply, power supply circuit of the second terminal is attached to the end of the solenoid, remote from Central electrode, the other end of the solenoid is electrically connected with the beginning of the trunk, building site of the Central electrode is made of magnetic material and covers the area of melting jumper, the length of the overlapping area of the fuse jumper is 40-50 mm, and its outer surface is made of cone, inside a cylindrical titanium trunk placed cylindrical copper insert, wherein the copper insert is made in the form of longitudinally placed copper bars of circular cross-section, length equal to the length of titanium barrel, and the area of copper busbars surface is up to 30% of the surface area of titanium barrel.