Interlaced multi-energy radiation sources. RU patent 2508617.

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: use of automatic frequency tuning devices is provided to match the frequency of RF power provided to an accelerator with the accelerator resonance frequency. In one version, where the RF power pulse generator is a mechanically tunable magnetron, automatic frequency tuning is provided to match the frequency of RF power pulses at one power level to the accelerator resonance frequency when those RF power pulses are provided, and the magnetron is operated such that frequency shift in the magnetron at the other supply power level at least partially matches the resonance frequency shift in the accelerator when those RF power pulses are provided. In other versions, when the RF power pulse generator is a klystron or electrically tunable magnetron, a separate automatic frequency tuning device is provided for each power level of the RF pulses.

EFFECT: high efficiency of examining contents of various objects without opening said objects.

44 cl, 8 dwg

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to sources of radiation, and in particular, to radiation sources with a variety of alternate energy levels.

Prior art

Radiation is widely used in the inspection process the contents of the various objects not opening them, for example, Luggage, bags, portfolios, freight containers and the like, to detect hidden contraband, held in the airports, seaports and public buildings. To such smuggling may include hidden knives, firearms, explosive devices, illegal drugs, and special nuclear material, such as uranium and plutonium. One of the widely used systems of verification is the line scanner, where the matter inspected object passes through the fan-shaped or narrow beam of emitted x-ray source. Passing through the object radiation is attenuated in varying degrees depending on the contents of the object and is detected by the matrix detector. Attenuation depends on the type and amount (the thickness of the material through which the beam of radiation. You can create a radiographic image content of the studied object, showing the shape, size, and changing the number of content. In some cases, you can define the type of material.

Inspection of cargo containers at national borders, seaports and airports is of particular importance for national security. Due to the high speed the arrival of such containers 100%inspection demands fast retrieval of images of each container. Standard freight containers typically have the following dimensions: length 20 to 50 feet (6,1-15,2 m), height of 8 feet (2.4 meters) and width 6-9 foot (1.8-2.7 meter). Increased freight containers for air transportation, in which place a lot of Luggage or other cargo intended for carriage by air can have a size of approximately 240 x 118 x 96 " (6,1 x 3,0 x 2.4 meters). For the generation of radiation with the energy sufficient for penetration through the standard freight containers and increased freight containers for air transportation, in the usual case requires sources of radiation with an energy of a few MeV.

Sources of radiation with an energy of a few MeV typically contain a particle accelerator, for example, a linear radio frequency (RF) energy particle accelerator, intended for acceleration of charged particles, as well as the source of the charged particles, for example, an electron gun, for the injection of charged particles in an accelerator. Linear accelerator can contain a number of linear associated electromagnetically volume resonators, which are supported by standing or running electromagnetic waves for acceleration of charged particles. Charged particles, in volume resonators, accelerating to the required level of energy and aimed at transforming the target to produce radiation. If accelerated charged particles are electrons and target - a hard material, such as tungsten - the result is generated by braking or x-rays. For example, the electrons are accelerated to a nominal energy of 6 MeV and faced tungsten, will cause the generation of x-ray radiation with an energy of 6 MV.

The source of powerful microwave (RF) waves delivers RF energy to surround accelerator. Source of microwave oscillations can be a powerful lamp, generating microwaves, for example, magnetron, or a powerful lamp-power microwaves, for example . Food sources of microwaves serves modulators, generating electric pulses of high power, peak power is, for example, from 1 MW to 10 MW, and the average power of 1 kW to 40 kW.

Characteristics of the output of the modulator can change, varying thus the output of a source of microwave energy. For example, the amplitude of high-voltage pulses, feeding the generator or amplifier may vary with the aim of changing the output level of microwave energy. In the alternative case, the amplifier can change input a signal to change the output level of microwave energy.

Accelerator that can have the value of quality in the Laden condition Q=5000, for example, is very sensitive to the frequency of the input RF waves. Maximum reception of microwave energy from the source of the RF waves is obtained when the average carrier frequency of the microwave energy corresponds to resonant frequency of the accelerator. Otherwise some or a considerable part of microwave energy, submitted for the accelerator, will be reflected, preventing the acceleration of charged particles to the desired level of beam energy. The frequency of RF waves can be adjusted to match the resonance frequency of the accelerator by means of mechanical or electrical settings.

Submitted for the accelerator RF energy causes heating and expansion of the design accelerator that leads to a slow frequency drift resonance frequency of the accelerator. This drift is most visible in the first minute or two of work, but can vary due to environmental conditions.

In order to carry out source frequency of RF waves to its change in accordance with changes of resonant frequency accelerator, usually requires the automatic frequency control (AFC), well known in this area. Device AFC samples and comparison of microwave signals for the accelerator, the signals reflected from the accelerator in order to determine the required setting of the source of microwaves. Device AFC in General, enough to bring the frequency of the source of the RF in compliance with the resonant frequency of the accelerator in the process of the established mode of operation. An example of a device AFC described in U.S. patent № 3820035 included here as a reference.

If using magnetron, the fluctuation frequency from pulse to pulse in a magnetron can also cause a slight mismatch between the frequency of the magnetron and the resonant frequency of the accelerator. This discrepancy varies from one pulse to pulse and adds some noise in the system. This situation can be improved by filing a certain amount of microwave energy reflected from the amplifier back in magnetron using reflector and variable phase shifter, for example, as described in U.S. patent № 3714592, also included here by reference. Reflector/Phaser can be called «phase probe».

Using a standard x-ray scanning, it is difficult to distinguish nuclear devices and nuclear materials from other items of great thickness and high density inside the investigated object. Information on the type of material contained within the studied objects obtained by x-ray scanning can be expanded through the use of radiation beams in the energy range MeV, having two or more energy spectra and different ways of interacting with the materials contained in the object. For example, the weakening of the x-ray beam, the energy of which is 6 MeV, the content of the object will be different from the weakening of the same content x-ray beam with the energy of 9 MeV, thanks to the different impacts of Compton scattering and induced education pairs to the beams of different energies. The ratio of the values of attenuation of x-ray beams with two energy levels can be an indication of the atomic number of the material through which the beam of radiation, as described, for example, in U.S. patent № 5524133. More sophisticated technology data analysis with the use of a dual energy is described in U.S. patent № 7257188, the owner of which the applicant is present invention and which is included here as a reference. Relations of the attenuation values beams of energy high and low levels can also be put in the form of a chart depending on the thickness of the object to using this graphics carry out the identification of the material, as described in «Radiography x-rays with two levels of energy for automatic detection of materials with high atomic number» “Dual Energy X-ray radiography for automatic high-Z material detection,” G. Chen et al., NIM (B), volume 261 (2007), pp. 356-359.

It would be useful to have the ability to generate beams of radiation with different voltage levels of energy in the MeV range through one source of radiation, for example, to scan cargo containers and other objects by dual energy. In the example described in U.S. patent № 7130371 B2 accelerator with interleaved dual energy of different energy levels of an electron beam receive in the accelerator traveling wave by changing the load due to the electron beam, and RF frequency oscillations accelerator synchronized method, and thus changes the acceleration efficiency. Currently there is no information about the successful practical application of this approach that might be due to the complexity of the system and stability concerns.

The essence of the invention

Beams of electrons or other charged particles to different levels of energy may accelerate the one accelerator, emitted at two different levels of energy generator powerful radio-frequency pulses. May need to quickly switch generator powerful radio-frequency pulses with generation of one energy level to generate another level of energy. Desirable may be the execution of such diversion, for example, the order of milliseconds. As energy microwaves varies from one pulse to pulse and frequency microwave pulses, and the resonance frequency of the accelerator may also vary from one pulse to pulse. It would be desirable to have an improved technology to bring the frequency of pulses of microwave energy generated by the generator of powerful radio-frequency pulses in compliance with the resonant frequency of accelerator-based adjustments from pulse to pulse. Variants of execution of the present invention offer improved frequency control in systems with dual or multiple energy, based on or at the magnetron, custom mechanically or electrically.

In accordance with one execution of the present invention describes how to control the accelerator, which consists in generating the first pulse of radio frequency energy, with the first energy levels and first values of frequency, in generating the second pulse of radio frequency energy, with the second energy levels and second values frequencies, differing from the first levels of energy and the first values of the frequency, and in submission of the first and second pulses of radio frequency energy to surround one of the accelerator in a predetermined sequence. In addition, this method involves bringing the first frequency of the first pulse of radio-frequency energy in accordance with the first resonant frequency of the accelerator when submitting the first pulse of radio-frequency energy in the accelerator, as well as bringing a second frequency of the second pulse of radio-frequency energy in accordance with the second resonant frequency accelerator, different from the first resonant frequency accelerator when it is submitted to the accelerator second pulses of radio frequency energy.

According to the relevant enforcement of the present invention of the method of generation of radiation at multiple levels of energy, including consistent flow of the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage to the generator of microwave energy. The second supply voltage different from the first supply voltage. Generator powerful radio-frequency pulses consistently generates the first radiofrequency pulses of energy, with the first energy on the first frequency, and the second radiofrequency pulses of energy, having the second energy, different from the first energy, and the second frequency is different from the first frequency based, at least partially, on the first and second values power supply voltage. These first and second powerful radio-frequency signals consistently served to surround one particle accelerator. Furthermore, the method includes bringing of the first frequency of the first pulse of radio-frequency energy in accordance with the first resonant frequency of the accelerator when submitting the first pulse of radio-frequency energy in the accelerator, as well as bringing a second frequency of the second pulse of radio-frequency energy in accordance with the second resonant frequency accelerator, different from the first resonant frequency, when submitting the second pulse of radio frequency energy to the accelerator. Charged particles in volume resonators accelerator, accelerator and consistently faster to the first level of energy on the first resonant frequency of the accelerator and up to the second level of energy on the second resonance frequency accelerator, different from the first resonant frequency, based at least partially on the first and second powerful radio-frequency pulses. The first and second accelerated charged particles consistently bombard a target for the generation of radiation, which would have first and second levels of energy.

In accordance with another execution of the present invention is described radiation source with many levels of energy, which includes an accelerator of charged particle acceleration, the source of charged particles associated with the accelerator and intended for the supply of charged particles in an accelerator and target found after the accelerator. The collision of accelerated charged particles with the target leads to the generation of radiation. In the composition also includes associated with the accelerator generator powerful radio-frequency pulses for the election of filing of the first and second powerful radio-frequency pulses for the accelerator. Energy and frequency of the second powerful radio-frequency pulses differ from the energy and frequency of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses. The source also contains the first tool to bring the first frequency generator powerful radio-frequency pulses in compliance with the first resonant frequency of the accelerator when submitting the first radio-frequency pulses for the accelerator, and the second means for reduction of a second frequency generator powerful radio-frequency pulses in compliance with the second resonant frequency of the accelerator when filing a second powerful radio-frequency pulses for the accelerator. The collision of the first of charged particles with the target leads to the generation of radiation on the first level of energy, and the second collision of charged particles with the target leads to the generation of radiation at the second level of energy, different from the first level of energy.

In accordance with another execution of the invention of the method of generation of radiation with many levels of energy and dose consisting in the consistent submission of the first voltage electric power supply and a second power supply voltage to the generator powerful radio-frequency pulses, and the second supply voltage different from the first supply voltage serial generation generator of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses of the first energy level and second powerful radio-frequency pulses of the second energy level, which differs from the first level of energy, in the basis of the generation, at least in part, lies first and second power supply voltage, as well as the consistent submission of the first and second powerful radio-frequency pulses to the surround single particle accelerator. The method also includes a consistent source of charged particles on the third supply voltage and the fourth power supply voltage is different from the first supply voltage, injection of the first and the second flows of charged particles in the volume resonators accelerator, wherein said first and the second flows of charged particles based on at least partially, respectively the third and fourth voltage power supply and the consequent acceleration of charged particles injected accelerator before the first energy level and second level of energy, which differs from the first level of energy based, at least partially, on the first and second powerful radio-frequency pulses. The first and the second flows accelerated charged particles bombard a target for the generation of radiation with different first and second energies, as well as with different relevant first and second capacities dose.

In one embodiment, the invention in a rolling work of the accelerator system, which is based on mechanical custom magnetron, to adjust the frequency magnetron at the same level of energy used AFC. For example, setting the magnetron you can adjust the device frequency to frequency RF pulses of high energy levels generated by a magnetron, which corresponded to the resonance frequency accelerator installed when submitting the accelerator RF pulses of high energy levels. On another level, the RF energy pulses (in this version it's RF energy pulses of low-level) magnetron works in the conditions under which it occurs frequency offset, at least partially, a corresponding shift of the resonance frequency of the accelerator when submitting the accelerator RF pulses of low energy level. To such conditions may include the amplitude of the voltage pulses fed to the magnetron from the modulator. Conditions can also refer to maintain the magnetic field of the magnetron. If necessary phase probe can also promote the harmonization of frequency magnetron in compliance with a resonant frequency for high power pulses and pulses with an energy of low-level. Alternatively, the frequency can be used during pulse supply of energy low level, and magnetron can work in the conditions under which the shift in the frequency magnetron corresponds to the shift of the resonance frequency of the accelerator when submitting the RF pulses of high energy levels.

In another embodiment of the present invention in a system based on the magnetron with electric adjustment or on , can be used two independent devices AFC, respectively, for the RF pulses of high levels of energy and RF pulses of low energy level, defining the values of the reference voltages for the regulator frequency magnetron or RF amplifier. These voltage values are then applied to control the frequency magnetron or RF amplifier on the basis of control from one pulse to pulse.

In accordance with another execution of the present invention to beam pulses with different energy can be different current values of the electron beam, to achieve the desired dose for each pulse energy by means of control of the source of the particles, for example, electron gun, from pulse to pulse. For diode gun or triode gun can be varied either the amplitude of the voltage pulse or frequency in relation to the microwave impulses. For triode gun you can also vary the voltage on the grid from pulse to pulse.

Brief description of drawings

The drawings:

On Figure 1 presents a block diagram of one variant of the radiation source with a lot of energy levels in accordance with one execution of the present invention;

Figure 2 presents a diagram showing the relationship voltage power magnetron from the circuit of formation of pulses (PHRC) and frequency magnetron (MHz);

Figure 3 presents an example of wave forms and frequency of the signal for the source of figure 1;

Figure 4 is another variation of the radiation source with multiple power levels in accordance with execution of the present invention of figure 1, which includes solid-state modulator (THM);

Figure 1 shows the block diagram of one option source 100 radiation with many levels of energy according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this variant of the configuration source 100 radiation is intended for acceleration of charged particles, such as electrons, one after another until the first and second nominal levels of energy and for bombing targets these accelerated charged particles with the aim of generation of radiation, alternately with two different spectrum of energy: one with a high level of energy, and the other with a low energy level. In one embodiment, the first nominal value of the energy levels of electrons is 6 MeV, which generates a beam in a 6 MV (high level of energy in this variant), and the second nominal level of energy is 3.5 MeV, which generates a beam of radiation 3.5 MV (low energy level in this version) with a pulse repetition rate of 200 or 300 pulses per second (imp./sec.). Can generate radiation with other combination of energy levels, for example, 9 MV, and 6 MV at a higher or lower frequency of recurrence of pulses. For example, the frequency of recurrence of pulses can be 400 imp./sec. You can generate radiation with the number of energy levels are more than two, for example, 6 MB, 9 MW and 15 MW in any desired sequence.

In the composition 100 radiation is waveguide or accelerator 102, source of charged particles 104 associated with the accelerator and target 106 associated with the accelerator, for example, pipe 108 drift. Accelerator 102 accelerates charged particles, submitted for the accelerator 102 104 source of charged particles, until the desired level of energy, then they are sent to the target 106. The collision of accelerated charged particles with the target causes the generation of radiation. The charged particles can represent electrons, and the source of 104 charged particles can be electronic gun, such as a diode or electron gun. Target 106 may contain, for example, and tungsten. In the case when the accelerated electrons hit the heavy material of the target, for example, tungsten, this collision results in the generation of x-ray radiation, which is well known in the industry.

Accelerator 102 can contain a number of electromagnetically related volume resonators (not shown), which configuration is such that the different values of the strength of the electromagnetic field in these resonators lead to the acceleration of electrons to different nominal levels of energy, for example, up to 6 MeV and up to 3.5 MeV in this version. As you know, in this area, the collision of electrons accelerated to different nominal levels of energy, with the target leads to the generation of x-ray beams with different levels of energy, such as 6 and 3.5 MV MV, respectively - in this example.

Accelerator 102, as it is known in the art, can constitute an electron linear accelerator, with many located on one axis related electromagnetically volume resonators (not shown). This linear accelerator can be, for example, a linear accelerator at the standing wave in the S-band or in X-band. A viable option is a linear accelerator accelerator S-band series M6A used in x-ray machines Linatron® M™supplied by Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, California, having the nominal value of the resonance frequency of approx 2998 MHz. Linear accelerator M6A has the configuration intended for generation of x-ray beams with nominal energy levels 6 and 3.5 MV MV. The q Q in the Laden condition accelerator 102 may be, for example, 5000. Instead accelerator you can use the linear accelerator of the travelling wave.

In shown in Figure 1 variant accelerator 102 powered energy microwaves, which in this area is also called RF energy provided by a magnetron 110. Frequency range magnetron 110 choose to match the frequency range accelerator 102. In this case, because the accelerator is the accelerator S-band magnetron 110 pick as his or perform configuration so that it generates RF energy in S-band. Magnet 111 come close to the magnetron 110 to ensure the required magnetic field of the magnetron, as it is known in this area. The magnetic field strength of the magnet 111 can be, for example, 1500 Gauss. Magnet 111 can be a permanent magnet or electromagnet. In this variant magnet 111 is an electromagnet, providing adjustable magnetic field, which is kept constant during operation.

In one embodiment, the magnetron 110 produces the RF pulses with a capacity of approximately 2.6 MW and 1.5 MW, resulting in accelerated electrons get energy, nominal levels of respectively 6 MeV and 3.5 MeV, and generated by the beams of x-ray radiation respectively 6 and 3.5 MV MV. In this example, the magnetron 110 is capable of switching, for example with frequency of recurrence of RF pulses 200 pulses per second (imp./s) on the frequency of 300 pulses/sec and Vice versa.

In this variant of the magnetron 110 can be, for example, mechanical custom magnetron S-band MG5193-Alphatron supplied by e2v Technologies Inc., , new York (“e2v”). According to the information provided e2v, magnetron 110 can be adjusted in the range of frequencies from 2993 MHz to 3002 MHz, he has a peak output electrical power to 2.6 MW and water cooling. Sets the entire frequency range, you can go by rotating mechanical regulator 4.75 turnover. Maximum anode peak voltage of 48 sq. The maximum peak anode current must be 110 Amperes. The maximum average power consumed electrical power should be 6,0 kW. Pulse duration according to the presented data is approximately 5,0 microseconds (ISS).

Between a magnetron 110 and accelerator 102 have circulator 112, for example, the 3-port circulator, for insulation of the magnetron from the accelerator 102 by sending RF energy reflected from the accelerator, aside from the magnetron, for example, to water-absorbing load 114 associated with the circulator. Water absorbing load 114 absorbs the energy of the reflected RF waves. Part of the RF energy is directed towards the water-absorbing load is reflected back to 112, who shall transmit the reflected RF energy to the magnetron 110 using phase probe 116, as it is known in this area. This helps stabilize the magnetron 110, reducing the fluctuation frequency from pulse to pulse in a magnetron 110 by pulling up the frequency to the frequency magnetron accelerator 102. Phase probe 116 may be a reflector/variable Phaser established between the circulator 112 and water absorbing load 114. Example of a reflector/AC Phaser described above, and in U.S. patent № 3714592 incorporated here by reference. This tightening of the frequency effectively in a narrow range of frequencies, for example, is about to 100 kHz.

In shown in Figure 1 version of the power of the magnetron is 110 modulator 117, which consists of: a source of electrical power, for example, a high-voltage source 118 supply chain 120 generate a pulse (PHRC) and the tiratron 124. VIP 118 charges PHRC 120 for each pulse. Output PHRC 120, you may apply for optional transformer 122. The tiratron 124 connected to the same conclusion PHRC 120, and the transformer 122 - to another. High voltage control (Control V1) 126 and low control voltage (Control V2) 128 served from sources of supply (not shown) to the analog switch 130, located between the control voltages and VIP 118. The configuration of the analog switch 130 enable you to switch between the control V1 and Managing V2 with the desired speed corresponding to the speed of switching between the generation x-ray beam with a higher nominal level of energy and a lower level, for example, 200 pulses per second (imp./sec.) or 300 pulses/sec. Analogue switch 130 can be controlled by the logical signal from the controller 132 programmed to call switching desired speed and at the right time in each cycle. The selected control voltage is supplied to the VIP 118, which charges the PHRC 120 to the appropriate higher-or lower-voltage, depending on the control voltage. In this variant the Control V1 installed 8.8 Volta and Control V2 can be set by 6.4 volts for high voltage was set at 22 kV and low voltage 16 kV, respectively. You can select other installation voltage values. Controller 132 can contain a simple logical chain management or the processor, for example, the microprocessor.

After VIP 118 charge of the PHRC 120 to an adequate level and for the time required to process the x-ray image, the controller 132 or another controller translates the tiratron 124 in the open state, and it skips accumulated in the PHRC 120 electrical energy to the transformer 122. Output VIP 118 also by a short circuit on the ground. Design of VIP 118 provides for the inclusion of self-defense in case of short circuit, as is well known in this area. Transformer 122 increases the voltage pulse to the level required a magnetron 110.

In this example, the transformer 122 also fuels electronic gun 104 to get rid of the auxiliary power source, reducing costs and simplifying the system. Electron gun can be, for example, the diode gun. Pin switch 134 between the electron gun 104 and transformer 122 performs the switching between the outlets of the transformer 122 to connect the required voltage to the electron gun. As it is known in this field, submitted to the electron gun 104 voltage determines the electron beam current is fed electron gun for the accelerator 102 and influencing power doses of microwave radiation. You may want to get a variety of beams of radiation with different capacities doses. Pin switch 134 can perform switching between branches with the same speed with which analog switch 130 performs switching between control voltages 126, 128. Thus, the energy levels of doses you can change from one pulse to pulse. Managing a contact switch 134 may exercise controller 132 or another controller.

Part of the voltage supplied with the VIP 118, goes to the electrical load, in this case - on transformer 122 and magnetron 110 connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. In this example, of the 22 kV output voltage VIP 118 load is 11 kV and from 16 kV load of 10 kV. Transformer 122 increase tension, for example, 11 kV and 10 kV, respectively, before voltage 44 kV and up to 40 kV, which is served on the magnetron 110. The magnetic field is constant while the generated RF pulses of different energies, resulting in different impedance values in a magnetron 110, as it is known in this area.

In this example, the transformer 122 also supplies power to the electronic gun 104 one of its secondary winding. As mentioned above, transformer 122 is not a necessary element of the system. Instead, you can set the configuration of the VIP 118 and/or the PHRC 120 in such a way that they generate higher voltage values.

Transformer 122 may have multiple outputs or branches to supply voltage to the gun. In this variant, for example, the transformer has nine (9) with nominal voltages 1,4; 2,1; 2,8; 4,4; 6,0; 7,6; 9,0; 10,6 and 12 kV voltage PHRC 25 kV. Two of these nine branches are connected to the inlet side of the contact switch 134, based on the requirements values electronic currents required to generate doses desirable power beams of high-energy radiation and lower levels, depending on the particular application. These two taps you can manually select and connect to the inputs of a contact switch 134. Supplier of transformer can be, for example, the company Stangenes Industries, Palo Alto, California. Pin switch 134 may represent a solid contact switch that performs the switch with a speed of 200 pulses/sec. or 300 pulses/sec. in this example, the provider may also be, for example, the company Stangenes Industries, Palo Alto, California.

Instead of transformer 122 for power electron gun 104 can be connected to a separate power 123 power (shown dotted in figure 1), with values supply voltage from one pulse to pulse. In this case, the ripple voltage guns can be synchronized with the RF pulses that provides additional flexibility in the management of the output radiation. In addition, instead of the diode gun you can apply gun. In the case of the triode gun you can adjust the voltage to the grid and the frequency of impulses, which provides additional flexibility in the management of the output radiation. Given a power supply 123 of its management can also be performed by the controller 132 or other controller.

As mentioned above, accelerator 102 is a resonance structure of energy acceptance of which is sensitive to the frequency of microwaves. The closer frequency microwave pulses to the resonant frequency of the accelerator, the better will be proportional. If these frequencies are not quite correspond each other adopted accelerator 102 energy microwaves may be insufficient for an adequate excitation of electromagnetic fields inside the volume resonators accelerator to accelerate electrons to the desired levels of energy, as it is known in this area.

However, the energy fed to the accelerator 102 microwaves can heat the components of the accelerator, causing their expansion, which can lead to the shift of the resonance frequency. Resonance frequency may vary and are influenced by other factors, including by vibration, accelerator 102. Therefore, the output frequency magnetron 110 must be changed in accordance with the resonance frequency, in order to ensure acceptance accelerator 102 a high-level microwave energy.

Device 136 automatic frequency control (AFC) selected for the analysis of RF pulses coming to the accelerator 102 (drive), and reflected from it (REF) at the point between the circulator 112 and accelerator 102 to determine the requirements for frequency allocations and to bring the frequency magnetron (if necessary) in accordance with the resonant frequency of the accelerator. In the alternative to direct (drive) RF signal can be selected between a magnetron 110 and circulator 112, and the reflected signal between the circulator 112 and load 114. The frequency of analysis can be controlled, for example, controller, 132 or other controller.

The basis of the AFC 136 can serve in the form of hybrid module and adjustable Phaser, commercially available. Device frequency of this type are described, for example, in U.S. patent № 3820035 included here as a reference. In the described system of microwave circuit receives the reflected (“REF”) signal and direct (“drive”) signal and generates a vector sum of these two signals with different relative phase shifts. The measured amplitudes of these vector sums and with the help of electronic circuits or program is determined by the need to adjust the frequency of the RF source. Output signal frequency 136 can be used in the feedback element mechanical adjustment (not shown) magnetron 110. After many rounds, frequency magnetron close to the resonant frequency of the accelerator.

It appeared that when the desired value of the periodicity of pulses from 200 pulses/s up to 300 pulses/sec and above the mechanical setting magnetron 110 is not enough fast enough to respond to the auto adjust operation with each powerful RF pulse. Little can be automatic frequency control mechanical custom magnetron 110 at lower periodicity of pulses. Therefore, in accordance with this embodiment of the invention of the mechanical adjustment of the magnetron 110 installed device AFC 136 only in the position match the frequency of only one type of powerful RF pulses, in this case the RF pulses of high energy level.

Different voltages served to the magnetron 110 during each pulse, cause different values of density of charge within the magnetron, leading to a shift of the frequency, which in the industry is called the «frequency offset». Different voltage values differently heated magnetron 110, which may also lead to a change in frequency. It was found that with proper selection of the amplitudes of the voltage supplied to the magnetron 110, particularly in the case of constant from one pulse to pulse magnetic field of a frequency shift in a magnetron 110 will occur in the same direction and will be approximate or exact same value (approximately 200 kHz in this example), and that the resonance frequency shift accelerator 102. Residual mismatch frequency of approximately 100 kHz may be fixed by the action phase of the probe 116, which further adjusts the frequency magnetron to the resonant frequency of the accelerator.

Figure 2 presents the diagram of dependence of the frequency magnetron (MHz) voltage PHRC supplied to the magnetron 110 of the PHRC 120, for voltage range of 13 kV to 22 kV, frequency range 2992,0-2999,0 MHz at a constant magnetic field strength 1450 Gaussian. These data were obtained from the same above-described model of the magnetron is not connected during the measurements, to the resonant load accelerator. Configuring the magnetron was fixed in position generation of powerful RF frequency pulses 2998 MHz when biased at the PHRC value of 22 kV. Because it may be desirable significant difference in energy between the beams of radiation in the process of obtaining images in x-rays with two levels of energy, which would have allowed better distinguish between the analyzed material, preferably selected for submission to the magnetron voltages PHRC differ as much from each other to a particular accelerator. As shown in figure 2, at a voltage of PHRC value of 21.5 kW frequency magnetron is configured on the value of 2998,0 MHz, which is close to the nominal resonance frequency accelerator 102. When the voltage of the PHRC from the value of 21.5 kW frequency magnetron increases, and its increase is approximately 200 kHz at 16.5 kV. When the voltage of the PHRC 16.5 kV up to 14.5 kV frequency magnetron is reduced approximately 2998,2 MHz to 2996,5 MHz. Then, when the voltage of the PHRC from 14.5 to 13 kV kV frequency magnetron rises again decreases.

As described above, in this variant, the resonance frequency increases by about 200 kHz RF pulse energy of the high-level RF pulse energy is low. Since the frequency shift in a magnetron at a voltage in the range from 16.5 kV to 20 kV also increases the frequency, voltage selection of the second RF pulse - pulse energy of the low level of voltage range allows, at least partially, lead frequency magnetron 110 in compliance with the frequency of the accelerator at the time of the filing of the RF pulse energy is low. Additional alignment frequencies would phase probe 116. Increase in the frequency of approximately 200 kHz at 16.5 kV closely matches the shift of the resonance frequency, and it may be further improved by the action phase of the probe 116. In combination with automatic tuning of frequency of the RF pulse energy of the high-level in this variant is achieved good compliance frequencies from pulse to pulse. Noted that the automatic frequency control can be used to bring the frequency of the RF pulse energy of the low level of compliance with the resonant frequency of the accelerator and to bring the frequency of the RF pulse energy at high level in line with the resonant frequency of the accelerator can be applied frequency shift of the magnetron and the phase probe 116.

Figure 3 shows an example of a waveform and frequency of the signal for the source 100 to 1. Number And displays a waveform voltage analog switch 130 VIP 118. A number of The shows the waveform of the voltage supplied to the contact switch 134 to the electron gun 104. A number of shows With a waveform voltage on the PHRC 120. A number of D shows RF energy pulses of high and low levels generated by a magnetron 110. A number of E shows the frequency of direct (drive) and reflected (REW) signals your device AFC 136 for analysis.

Each cycle pulse generation begins when VIP 118 restored after the previous impulse. At the moment of time T1 VIP 118 begins to charge the PHRC with a speed of 120, a certain shock VIP and the load of the PHRC, up to a peak value of the voltage defined by the Managing V1 126, for example, to 22 kV. In time 1 PHRC 120 charged up to a peak voltage. Voltage is kept at this level until 1b, when the tiratron opens and allows electrical energy accumulated in the PHRC 120, go to the form of the impulse magnetron 110 and gun 104 through the transformer 122. With this electrical energy from the PHRC approximately 120 in time 1b, magnetron 110 produces the RF pulses and submits the microwave energy into the accelerator 102 and 104 gun injects electrons in accelerator 102. electrons are accelerated standing electromagnetic waves in the bulk resonators accelerator 102 to the nominal level of energy (in this case 6 MeV), flying out of the accelerator and hit a target 106, causing the generation of x-ray radiation with an energy of 6 MV and the first dose, approximately in time 1b.

Also at time 1b VIP 118 feels that its output is shorted to the ground, and activates a self-blocking charge of the PHRC 120 from the moment 1b before the time T2. The tiratron 124 also restores its closed state after discharge of the PHRC.

After the end of the blocking period at time T2 VIP 118 ready to charge the next pulse. Approximately at the same time analogue switch 130 switches control voltage VIP 118 Managing V1 126 on the Control V2 128. Also around the same time T2 pin switch 134 switches connecting gun 104 connection with the allotment of 1 on connection to the 2. Then the VIP 118 charges PHRC 120 up to the second peak voltage, a particular Manager V2 128, for example, up to 16 kV. In time T2A PHRC 120 charged up to a peak voltage. The period of time from T2 to T2A may not be equal to the time period from T1 to 1 because of the PHRC is charged to other voltage values. Voltage is kept at peak value up to the moment of time 2b, when the tiratron 124 again open and allow electrical energy stored in the PHRC 120, the magnetron 110 and to the gun 104 through the transformer 122. Magnetron 110 produces the RF pulses and directs the microwave energy into the accelerator 102 and 104 gun injects electrons in accelerator. In this variant, the RF energy vibrations generated by a magnetron 110 and current electron emission gun 104 in accelerator 102 in time 2b differ from RF energy fluctuations and emission current moment in time 1b in the previous impulse. Accelerator 102 accelerates electrons to the nominal level of energy (in this example - to 3.5 MeV), they fly out of the accelerator and hit a target 106, leading around time 2b, to generate x-rays with an energy of 3.5 MV with the second dose different from the first dose.

Analogue switch 130 and contact switch 134 guns do not necessarily have to switch precisely in moments of time T1, T2, etc. Can be programmed to switch to happen in the past, but not before the PHRC 120 fully complete discharge of the previous impulse. You can program and to switch happened later, but not once VIP 118 charge of the PHRC 120 to the desired voltage.

In this variant, for example, if the periodicity of 300 pulses pulses/sec. periods of charge PHRC 120 for a pulse energy of the high-level T1-T1a, T3 T3a ... have a duration of approximately 1.5 milliseconds, and the periods of charge for a pulse energy of the low level of T2 T2a, T4 T4a ... have a duration of approximately 1, 1 millisecond. Duration of periods of charge and retain for each pulse high-voltage T1-T1b, T3-T3b ... is approximately 3,2 milliseconds. Duration of periods of charge and retain for each pulse high-voltage T2-T2b, T4-T4b ... is also approximately 3,2 milliseconds. Approximately 1.5 to 5 microseconds of time required PHRC 120 to release accumulated electrical energy to the magnetron 110 and to the gun 104 through the transformer 122. Magnetron 110 generates RF energy and channels for the accelerator 102 and 104 gun injects into the accelerator 102 electrons at the moment when the PHRC 120 releasing the stored energy. The duration of each period of recovery locking VIP 118 T1b-T2, T2b-T3 and T3b-T4 is approximately 100 microseconds.

Above presents one sequence of alternating one RF pulse energy of the high-level, one RF pulse energy of low-level, following the RF pulse energy of the high-level etc. which result is a sequence of alternating energy radiation beams of high and low levels, however, you can create any desired sequence. For example, the alternative variant of sequence may consist of two RF pulses of high energy level, followed by two RF pulse energy of low-level, or from one RF pulse energy of the high-level, followed by two RF pulse energy of low-level etc., resulting sequence will accordingly alternating radiation beams with the energy of the high and low levels.

Figure 4 shows another example of the radiation source, 200, having multiple levels of energy for power magnetron 110 voltage to the desired value, instead of the modulator 117, consisting of VIP 118, the PHRC 120 and TPI thyratron 124 (1), is applied solid-state modulator («TTM»). Components similar to Figure 1, have the same reference numbers. Controller 132 not shown for illustrative. In this variant, the transformer is not set, although, at the request may be installed. THM 202 can contain a digital switch, or can be installed and a separate switch (not shown). Controller 132 (not shown) or one or more of these controllers can manage the work of the TTM 202, as well as other system components 200 as described above. THM 202 be submitted pulsating electrical energy (a sequence of pulses of high and low voltage) at the moments of time T1b, T2b, etc. corresponding to the exit of the PHRC 120 shown in the Row in figure 3. The other source components 200 and their work can be the same as in figure 1. As described above, the source of the particles 104, for example, electron gun, can be powered from a separate source of electric voltage.

Figure 5 presents a block diagram of the other alternative source of 300 radiation having multiple levels of energy in which the work of the accelerator 302 instead of magnetron 110 shown in figure 1 and figure 3, manages 301. In the composition 300 also includes a power 304 of charged particles such as the electron gun target 306, circulator 308, as well as RF load 310, e.g. water, as in the example of figure 1. This option does not require the presence of the phase of the probe. Controller, for example, a controller, 132, shown in the system 100 of figure 1, is not shown here for illustrative.

To 301 is also connected to the control device the wireless device 316 for submission to RF energy low power, for example, 100 W. Output control RF devices 316 can be controlled by the input voltage from the source 318 voltage, as is well known in this area. To 301 is also connected modulator 320 for pulse supply of electric energy to . In this variant of the device 322 gun's control is connected to the gun 304 for supplying the required voltage pulses to the gun.

301 enhances RF vibrations with low power level to a higher level with the aim of inciting accelerator 302. For example, 301 may enhance the input power from 100 W up to approximately 5 MW. Output power RF fluctuations klystron 301 can vary from pulse to pulse to change the RF excitation energy, supplied to the accelerator, 302, either by changing the output capacity of the Manager of the RF device 316, or the change of the power supplied to from modulator 320 (for example, as is the case with a magnetron on figure 1 and figure 3).

If coming to 301 from the control unit 316 RF pulses have a constant amplitude, pulse amplitude, filed modulator 320, will vary between two different levels.

The output frequency of the control RF devices controlled by the voltage reference, as it is known in this area. In accordance with the execution of the present invention to track two resonant frequencies of the accelerator (respectively, for the pulses of energy high and low level) are two device 324, 326 automatic frequency control (AFC). Each device AFC 324, 326 selects for RF analysis impulses in the forward direction (drive) for the accelerator 302, and reflected (REF) RF pulses from the accelerator, of the dots between circulator 308 and accelerator. Alternatively, direct RF signals for the AFC 324, 326 can be selected between 301 and circulator 308 and the reflected RF signals may be selected for analysis between the circulator 308 and load 310.

The value of the reference voltage from these two AFC may be submitted to the control RF device 316 for alternate tuning, the frequency 324 pulses of high energy level will be effective for the generation of RF pulses of high energy level and frequency 326 impulses of energy low level in effect for the generation of RF pulses of energy low level. AFC 324 pulse energy of the high-level determines the value of the reference voltage, which will be sent to the managing RF device to bring the frequency pulse energy at high level in line with the resonant frequency of the accelerator 302 during the pulse supply of energy high level for the accelerator, and AFC 326 impulses of energy low level determines the value of the reference voltage, which will be sent to the managing RF device to bring the frequency pulse energy of the low level of compliance with the resonant frequency of the accelerator for the filing of pulses energy low level. Switch AFC 328 performs switching between AFC 324 pulses of high energy level and frequency 326 impulses of energy low-level election filing feedback to the Manager RF device 316. This switch AFC 328 performs switching between input node 1 and input node 2 to connect to the input of frequency regulation of the governing RF device 316 reference voltage or output frequency 324, or from the output of the AFC 326, respectively, subject to the controller, for example, described above. Switch AFC 328 can be controlled by the controller (not shown) to switch on the desired speed and the desired points in time, as in the case described above controller. The work of other components of the system can also be controlled by the controller or other such controllers.

Figure 6 shows the frequency of pulses and waveforms for one variant of the x-ray source 300 Figure 5. Number And shows the work of the switch AFC 328. A number of shows In control voltage RF energy supplied from the source 218 voltage to the control RF device 316. A number indicates the weak RF pulse applied managing RF device 316 to 301. A number of D shows pulses of electrical energy, served to 301 modulator 320, which may be a PHRC or THM. A number of E shows the powerful RF pulse applied 312 for the accelerator 302.

In addition, in the series With sequence of weak RF signals to , alternate high pulse and low impulses. In between each pulse switch AFC 328 performs switching between AFC 324 and AFC 326 powerful RF pulse energy of high and low levels. Simultaneously with submission of the weak RF signals to 301 modulator 314 submits there strong pulses of electric energy of a constant amplitude. The result generated serially powerful RF energy pulses of high and low levels, served with the release of the klystron 301 for the accelerator 302 in coordination with alternating levels pulse voltage control device 322 to the gun 304 (not shown in Figure 6) to submit an electron fluxes of different size for the accelerator. As described above, so are generated serially radiation beams with the energy of the high-level and low energy level, with different desired levels of energy and dose rate. You can get different sequence RF pulse energy of the high and low levels, and beams of radiation energy of the high and low level.

Figure 7 presents an alternative control scheme is source 300 x-ray radiation, shown in Figure 5, in which the managers of RF pulses presented in the series, have a constant voltage, the weak RF pulses presented in a line, from the control RF devices 316 to have a constant value, the pulses of electrical energy, presented in the series D by modulator 314 to 301 have alternately high and low voltage values, as appropriate powerful RF energy pulses of high and low levels generated and arriving at the exit klystron 301, shown in a row Is, the Order of switch-frequency 328 figure 7 is the same as in figure 6, so again not shown. Switch AFC 328 performs switching between AFC 324, 326 impulses of energy high and low levels in the intervals between pulses and high power pulses of low power, served modulator 314 to 301 and shown in a number of D. As described above, so are generated serially radiation beams with the energy of the high-level and low energy level, with different desired levels of energy and dose rate. You can get different sequence RF pulse energy of the high and low levels, and beams of radiation energy of the high and low level as described above.

Two devices AFC and switch frequency can also be used in a similar way to bring the frequency electrically custom magnetron in compliance with the resonant frequency of the accelerator. Frequency adjustment electrically custom magnetron is much faster than mechanical custom magnetron, as it is known in this area. On Fig.8 a version of the radiation source, having multiple levels of energy, in accordance with one of the performances of the present invention, in which the work of the accelerator 102 controls the electrically adjustable magnetron 110A. This version also includes elements shown in figure 1 and are denoted by the same numeric positions. Controller 132 of figure 1 is not shown in Fig.8 to simplify the illustration, however, you should understand that in this version, to control the components of the system also uses such a controller or other such controllers.

On Fig.8 in addition to the AFC 136, representing the AFC 136 pulses of high energy level, presents also AFC 138 pulse energy of low-level, intended for the detection of RF pulses low level of energy reflected from the accelerator 102. Device AFC 136 pulses of high energy level and frequency 138 low pulse serves a control voltage to the switch frequency 140. Switch 140 performs switching submitted from AFC 136, 138 stress, giving the right of them to electrically custom magnetron to adjust the frequency magnetron during the generation of RF pulses, respectively energy high and low levels. The work of the switch frequency 140 controller manages 132 (not shown in Fig.8) or another controller, providing a switch at the right moments of time. Controller 132 also manages the AFC 136 pulses of high energy level and frequency 138 pulse energy of low level of analysis of the reflected RF pulses in a moments time, as described above in relation to the system on the basis of the klystron on Figure 5. Phase probe 116 also helps to bring the frequency magnetron in compliance with the resonant frequencies of the accelerator for RF pulse energy of high and low levels. Magnetron 110A generates alternately RF energy pulses of high and low levels, and delivers them from your output for the accelerator 104 in coordination with alternating voltage levels of pulses fed contact switch 134 to the gun 104 for filing various values of electronic currents for the accelerator. As described above, so are generated serially radiation beams with the energy of the high-level and low energy level, with different desired levels of energy and dose rate. You can get different sequence RF pulse energy of the high and low levels, and beams of radiation energy of the high and low level as described above.

If as a source of RF energy is used 301 or electrically adjustable magnetron, as in figure 5 and Fig.8 respectively, to adjust the frequency of powerful impulses of each additional level of energy and can accommodate an extra AFC. The configuration of the switch AFC 328, 140, you can generate or manage its work so that serve the reference voltage to the control RF device 316 or magnetron 110A synchronously with the level of output energy of RF pulses in the desired sequence.

Specialists in this field will be obvious that the above-mentioned variants of execution of the present invention can make other changes without going beyond the scope and nature of the invention defined below filed by the claims.

1. Method of operation of the accelerator, containing the following steps: generate the first powerful radio-frequency signals (110, 301, 110a), with the first energy level and the first value of the frequency, generate a second powerful radio-frequency signals (110, 301, 110a), with the second energy level and the second value frequencies, differing from the first level of energy and the first frequency values, passed the first and second powerful radio-frequency signals in the volume resonators single accelerator (102, 302) in the specified sequence, first served charged particles (104, 304) in the volume resonators accelerator in the period of filing of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses in the accelerator, accelerate (102, 302) first charged particles before the first energy on the first resonant frequency in the process of filing of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses, lead (136, 324) the frequency of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses in compliance with the first resonant frequency accelerator during filing of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses, serves a second charged particles (104, 304) in the volume resonators accelerator at the time of the application, the second powerful radio-frequency pulses in the accelerator, accelerate (102, 302) second, the charged particles to the second energy, different from the first energy, in the process of filing a second powerful radio-frequency pulses, and lead (117, 136, 138) second frequency of the second powerful radio-frequency pulses in compliance with the second resonant frequency accelerator, different from the first resonant frequency at the time of filing of the second powerful radio-frequency pulses.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional generate the first and second powerful radio-frequency signals through the consistent submission of the first electric power and the second electric power (117, 122, 202, 320) generator (110, 301, 110a) powerful radio-frequency pulses, the second electric power differs from the first electric power, consistently generate generator through the first powerful radio-frequency signals and second powerful radio-frequency signals based, at least partially, the first and the second power.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the generator powerful radio-frequency pulses contains electrically adjustable magnetron (110), while in the way lead the first frequency magnetron to the first resonant frequency of the accelerator through automatic (136) the frequency of only the first frequency, lead second frequency of the second powerful radio-frequency pulses to the second resonance frequency accelerator, at least partially, manage (117,122) a magnetron at a voltage that causes the frequency shifts in the frequency shifts magnetron the second resonance frequency accelerator in the process of generating the second powerful radio-frequency pulses.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the optional second lead the frequency of the second powerful radio-frequency pulses to the second resonant frequency by means of the phase of the probe (116).

5. The method of claim 2, where the generator of the powerful radio-frequency pulses contains (301) or electrically adjustable magnetron (110A), the method contains lead the first frequency of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses in compliance with the first resonant frequency of the accelerator through the first automatic frequency controller (324, 136), and lead the second the frequency of the second powerful radio-frequency pulses in compliance with the second resonant frequency of the accelerator through a second automatic frequency controller (326, 138), other than the first automatic frequency controller.

7. The method according to claim 1, which further serves first charged particles in the volume resonators accelerator with the first value of the beam current at the time of filing of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses through the source to the accelerator (104, 304) charged particles, and serves the second of charged particles in the volume resonators accelerator with the second value of the beam current, different from the first beam current at the time of the second powerful radio-frequency pulses through the source to the accelerator (104, 304) charged particles.

8. The method according to claim 7, in which for the filing of the first of charged particles and second of charged particles consistently excite(117, 122, 202, 322, 134) source of charged particles on the first electric power, and second of electric power, other than the first electric power.

9. The method according to claim 1, which serves first and second powerful radio-frequency signals in the volume resonators single accelerator in alternative sequence containing the first specified number of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses, followed by a second set number of second powerful radio-frequency pulses(126, 128, 130, 318, 316, 320).

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first and second set point number is one.

11. The method of claim 3, in which the supply generator powerful radio-frequency pulses first source of the electric energy, the first electric energy and the second electric power, different from the first electric energy to generate the first powerful radio-frequency pulses and second powerful radio-frequency pulses, respectively, and provide the source of the charged particles second source of electrical power, a third of electric power and the fourth of electric power, other than a third of the electric power, to provide first charged particles and second of charged particles, respectively.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first and second sources of electrical energy are the same.

13. Source (100, 200, 300) radiation with many levels of energy, accelerated (102, 302)containing a resonant cavity to accelerate charged particles, source (104, 304) charged particles associated with the accelerator to ensure charged particles to resonant cavities of the accelerator target (106, 306)button after the accelerator, the collision of accelerated charged particles with a target generates radiation generator (110, 301, 110a) powerful radio-frequency pulses associated with the accelerator for the election of filing of the first and second powerful radio-frequency pulses in the resonant chamber of the accelerator at this frequency and power levels, the second powerful radio-frequency pulses are different from the frequency and the level of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses, the accelerator speeds up the first electrons served source of charged particles, before the first energy during the first resonant frequency, when the first powerful radio-frequency signals are served in the accelerator, and the accelerator speeds up the second electrons, served source of charged particles, until the second energy during the second resonant frequency, different from the first resonant frequency when the second powerful radio-frequency pulses are in accelerator, the first tool (136, 324) to cast the first frequency of the generator to power the first resonant frequency accelerator, when the first powerful radio-frequency signals are served in the accelerator, and the second tool (117, 326, 138), other than the first means to bring a second frequency generator power to the second resonance frequency of the accelerator when the second powerful radio-frequency signals are served in the accelerator, the first collision of charged particles with the target leads to the generation of radiation with the first level of energy, and the second collision of charged particles with the target leads to the generation of radiation with the second level of energy, different from the first level of energy.

14. Radiation source with many levels of energy on item 13, additionally contains modulator (117, 122, 202, 320) to power a generator power first of electric energy for the generation of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses and to supply power generator second electrical energy, different from the first electric energy for the generation of the second powerful radio-frequency pulses.

15. Radiation source with a lot of energy levels in paragraph 14, which modulator configured with the possibility of filing election at least the first and second differing voltages to the source of charged particles for the filing, at least, differing from each other currents of particles for the accelerator, the first voltage is applied to the source of charged particles at the time of filing of the first powerful impulses for the accelerator, for the filing of the first of charged particles in resonance camera, and a second voltage is applied to the source of charged particles at the time of the filing of a second powerful impulses for the accelerator, for submission of the second of charged particles in resonance chamber.

17. Radiation source with a lot of energy levels in item 16, additionally contains a phase probe (116) between a magnetron and the accelerator to submit reflected power from the accelerator to the magnetron to further bring frequency magnetron to the resonant frequency of the accelerator.

18. Radiation source with a lot of energy levels in paragraph 13, in which the generator powerful radio-frequency pulses contains (301) or electron-custom magnetron (110a), the first tool contains the first automatic controller frequency (324, 136), and the second tool contains a second automatic controller frequency (326, 138)than that of the first automatic frequency controller.

19. Radiation source with a lot of energy levels in see item 18, where the generator of the powerful radio-frequency pulses contains , the source also contains the source of RF energy for submission of the third powerful radio-frequency pulse (316) to to cause the generation of the first powerful radio-frequency pulse on , and for the filing of the fourth powerful radio-frequency pulse, other than third of the powerful radio-frequency pulse, to cause the generation of a second powerful radio-frequency pulse on , the first tool contains the first automatic controller (324) frequency, selectively attached to the RF energy source during the generation of the first powerful radio-frequency pulse, the second tool contains the second automatic controller (326) frequency different from the first automatic frequency controller, and the second automatic controller frequency selectively connected to the RF to the driver at the time of generating the second powerful radio-frequency pulse.

20. Radiation source with a lot of energy levels in see item 18, additionally contains switch (328) to selectively switch between the first automatic controller frequency and the second an automatic controller frequency.

21. Radiation source with a lot of energy levels in paragraph 14, which modulator configured for election of filing, at least the first and second various voltages to the source of charged particles, the first voltage is applied to the source of charged particles at the time of filing of the first powerful radio-frequency pulses on the accelerator to get the first beam of charged particles in an accelerator and a second voltage is applied to the source of charged particles at the time of the filing of a second powerful radio-frequency pulses on the accelerator to get a second beam of charged particles, different from the first beam of charged particle accelerator.

22. Radiation source with a lot of energy levels in paragraph 14, additionally containing electrical source (123, 322) power supply separate from the modulator is connected to a source of charged particles, the specified power source is configured to limit the submission of at least the first and second various stresses on the source of the charged particles, with a first voltage is applied to the source of charged particles when submitting the first powerful radio-frequency pulses on the accelerator, to provide the first beam of charged particles, and the second voltage is applied to the source of charged particles when filing a second powerful radio-frequency pulses on the accelerator, for ensuring the second beam of charged particles other than the first beam of charged particles.

23. Radiation source with a lot of energy levels in paragraph 13, the source of charged particles contains an electronic gun connected to the accelerator for the filing of electrons on the accelerator.