RussianPatents.com

Liquid-cooled plasma torch nozzle, nozzle cap and torch head with such cap or caps. RU patent 2519245.

IPC classes for russian patent Liquid-cooled plasma torch nozzle, nozzle cap and torch head with such cap or caps. RU patent 2519245. (RU 2519245):

H05H1/28 - PLASMA TECHNIQUE (ion-beam tubes H01J0027000000; magnetohydrodynamic generators H02K0044080000; producing X-rays involving plasma generation H05G0002000000); PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY- CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS (obtaining neutrons from radioactive sources G21, e.g. G21B, G21C, G21G); PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS (atomic clocks G04F0005140000; devices using stimulated emission H01S; frequency regulation by comparison with a reference frequency determined by energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles H03L0007260000)

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Optimisation of rf-plug excitation frequency / 2516295
Invention relates to RF plasma generators for ICEs. Proposed plasma RF generator comprises supply module (20) to feed excitation signal (U) to output interface in preset frequency (Fc) to fire spark (40) at plasma generation resonator (30). The latter is connected with supply module output interface. Besides, it comprises control module (10) to set supply module frequency in response to instruction on plasma RF generation. Control module comprises means to define optimum excitation frequency that can adapt preset frequency (Fc) to device resonance conditions after striking of spark.

Eroding pulse plasma accelerator / 2516011
Cathode (1) and anode (2) of an eroding pulse plasma accelerator (EPPA) are of flat shape. Between discharge electrodes (1 and 2) there are two dielectric pellets (4) made of ablating material. An end wall insulator (6) is installed between the discharge electrodes in the area of dielectric pellets (4) placement. An electric discharge initiator (9) is connected to electrodes (8). A capacitive storage (3) of the power supply unit is connected through current leads to the electrodes (1 and 2). The EPPA discharge channel is shaped by surfaces of the discharge electrodes (1 and 2), the end wall insulator (6) and end walls of the dielectric pellets (4). The discharge channel is made with two mutually perpendicular middle planes. The discharge electrodes (1 and 2) are mounted symmetrically in regard to the first middle plane. The dielectric pellets (4) are mounted symmetrically in regard to the second middle plane. A tangent to the surface of the end wall insulator (6) faced to the discharge channel is oriented at an angle from 87° up to 45° in regard to the first middle plane of the discharge channel. In the end wall insulator (6) there is a well with (7) a rectangular cross-section. In the well (7) from the cathode (1) side there are electrodes (8). A tangent to the front surface of the well (7) is oriented at an angle from 87° up to 45° in regard to the first middle plane of the discharge channel. The well (7) along the surface of the end wall insulator(6) has a trapezoid shape. The larger base of the trapezoid is located near the anode (2) surface. The lesser base of the trapezoid is located near the cathode (1) surface. At the end wall insulator (6) surface there are three straight-line grooves oriented in parallel to surfaces of the discharge electrodes (1 and 2).

Pressure pump with dielectric barrier and method of its fabrication / 2516002
Invention relates to pressure pumps. Pressure pump with dielectric barrier for acceleration of fluid flow comprises first dielectric layer with first electrode built therein and second dielectric layer with second built-in electrode. Said first and second dielectric layers are spaced apart to make an air gal there between. Third electrode is arranged at least partially in said air gap relative to fluid flow. High-pressure signal is fed to third electrode from HV source. Said electrodes interact to generate opposed asymmetric plasma fields in said air gap to induce airflow in said gap. Induced airflow accelerates fluid flow in its travel via said air gap.

Method for modification of ionospheric plasma / 2515539
Method for modification of ionospheric plasma includes formation of artificial plasma accumulation in result of blast waves propagating from places of explosive cartridges blasting. Pyrotechnic release is made from the cartridge in radial directions, shaping of propagating blast waves is made by simultaneous explosion of all explosive cartridges, at that plasma accumulation with pulsed electromagnetic fields in it is formed in the central area of influence due to converging blast wave formed as a result of the fronts joining of some explosions.

Method of forming self-incandescent hollow cathode from titanium nitride for nitrogen plasma generating system / 2513119
Invention relates to plasma engineering and can be used for strengthening treatment of components made of steel and nonferrous metal alloys by plasma nitriding. The disclosed method involves mounting a hollow titanium cathode in a discharge system having an anode, constantly pumping a working gas - nitrogen - through the hollow cathode, applying voltage between the anode and the hollow cathode and igniting glow discharge, the current of which is set such that in a few minutes, temperature of the hollow cathode increases to temperature close to the melting point of titanium (1668±4°C), forming a titanium nitride layer on the surface of the hollow cathode and switching discharge to a low-voltage arc mode with a thermionic cathode. The cathode is then hardened in the arc mode, for which the arc discharge current is increased while simultaneously reducing combustion voltage thereof, keeping temperature of the hollow cathode close to the melting point of titanium and maintaining discharge in such a mode for 40 minutes.

Carbonisation-preventing device / 2508067
Invention relates to medical equipment, namely to instruments for realisation of plasma coagulation of tissue. Instrument includes device for supply of oxidative means, device for gas supply and electrode for obtaining plasma, device for prevention of tissue carbonisation in the process of plasma coagulation. Device for carbonisation prevention in made with possibility of preparing gas and oxidative means mixture to obtain gas and oxidative means plasma, with two-component spray device for supply of oxidative means being is self-sucking two-component spray-type device.

Electric-arc plasmatron with water stabilisation of electric-arc / 2506724
Invention relates to electric-arc plasmatrons with water stabilisation of electric-arc, and can be effectively used when cutting any metal. The electric-arc plasmatron has coaxially and series-arranged cooled cathode assembly, insulator, swirl chamber, a system for feeding plasma-supporting gas and liquid and an anode assembly with an anode nozzle, placed in the inter-electrode gap relative the cathode assembly and forming a cavity for liquid stabilisation transitioning at the outlet into a water screen. The cavity in the anode nozzle is made of two interfaced conical surfaces: a wall which is 2/3 of the length of the initial section of the cavity makes an inclination angle α1=5-10°, then α2=30-45° to the cylindrical section at the outlet, the length of which is equal to 0.5-0.8 times its diameter, wherein parameters of the anode nozzle define the nature of liquid stabilisation of the plasma jet and protective characteristics of the water collector-distributor.

Low pressure transformer-type plasmatron for ion-plasma treatment of surface of materials / 2505949
Transformer-type plasmatron has a closed gas-discharge chamber with a system of magnetic conductors with primary windings, a holder for holding the treated material and a power supply. The gas-discharge chamber has a working chamber and one or more identical flat-topped chambers with a smaller inner diameter and a shorter or equal length, each having a system of dismountable magnetic conductors with primary windings, and arranged so as to form a closed path for gas discharge current with the working chamber.

Anode of arc plasma generator and arc plasma generator / 2504931
Arc plasma generator with multistage gas supply contains cathode and anode. Anode is made of at least two sections, at that any two adjoining anode sections are connected electrically to each other. Between any two adjoining anode sections there are gas guide holes which are tangential holes or holes ensuring gas flow which direction of velocity has tangential and axial components at the same time.

Method to process surface of at least one structural element by means of elementary sources of plasma by electronic cyclotron resonance / 2504042
At least one rotary motion is given to a structural element or structural elements (1) relative to at least one row of fixed elementary sources (2) arranged as fixed into a line. The row or rows of elementary sources (2) arranged within a line are placed in parallel to the axis of the structural element or axes of rotation of structural elements.

Central solenoid for resistive plasma heating / 2245004
Proposed central solenoid used as tokamak inductor and easily dismounted from central column has four conductor layers with inner cooling ducts. Each layer is made separately with four entrances in each layer. All sixteen conductors are connected in series and their junctions are disposed on butt-end surfaces of solenoid switching blocks. Insulated layers of conductors are inserted one into other.

Method of control of power of spacecraft power plant and device for realization of this method / 2249546
Proposed method includes stabilization and change of power of power plant through regulation of consumption of engine working medium. When power of solar battery drops to level of maximum permissible power consumed by engine, consumption of working medium is changed in such way that power of solar battery might change in saw-tooth pattern and vertices of saw might be in contact with line of maximum probable power of solar battery. Device proposed for realization of this method includes matching voltage converter whose outputs are connected with engine electrodes and inputs are connected with solar battery busbars, current and voltage sensors showing solar battery voltage and power sensor connected with current and voltage sensors. Comparator connected with power sensor is also connected with controllable power setter and initial power setter. Outputs of controllable power setter are connected with comparator and comparison circuit whose input is connected with power sensor output. Output of comparison circuit is connected with amplifier-regulator of consumption of working medium.

Gas-discharge plasma cathode / 2250577
Electrode set of plasma cathode has hollow cylindrical cathode with slit-shaped output aperture and hollow anode. Height of the latter depends on distance between cathode aperture and control grid. Ratio of anode height and control grid transverse incision is greater than unity. Cathode aperture width depends on thickness of spatial charge cathode layer.

Method of predicting variations of parameters of steady-state plasma engine / 2251090
Method comprises short-term service life testing, measuring liner sizes of the erosion profiles of the walls of discharging chamber, predicting new erosion profiles, measuring the area of erosion, determining dependence between the measurements of thrust and total area of erosion, and determining proportionality coefficient between the thrust and total erosion area.

Microwave plasmatron / 2251824
Proposed microwave plasmatron has flash chamber whose inner conductive surface bears one or more annual radial slots that can be made in the form of short-circuited lengths of coaxial line with conducting walls, their depth being equal to quarter-wavelength of generator electromagnetic oscillations.

Installation and method for production of nanodispersed powders in microwave plasma / 2252817
The installation comprises production-linked: microwave oscillator 1, microwave plasmatron 2, gas-flow former 3, discharge chamber 4, microwave radiation absorber 5, reaction chamber 6, heat-exchanger 7, filter-collector of target product (powder) 8, device for injection of the source reagents in a powdered or vapors state into the reaction chamber, the installation has in addition a device for injection of the source reagents in the liquid-drop state, it has interconnected proportioner 9 in the form of cylinder 10, piston 11 with gear-screwed electric drive mechanism 12 adjusting the speed of motion of piston 1, evaporative chamber 13 with a temperature-controlled body for regulating the temperature inside the chamber that is coupled to the assembly of injection of reagents 14 in the vaporous state and to the assembly of injection of reagents 15 in the liquid-drop state, injection assembly 14 is made with 6 to 12 holes opening in the space of the reaction chamber at an angle of 45 to 60 deg to the axis of the chamber consisting at least of two sections, the first of which is connected by upper flange 16 to the assemblies of injection of reagents, to discharge chamber 4, plasmatron 2, with valve 17 installed between it and microwave oscillator 1, and by lower flange 18, through the subsequent sections, it is connected to heat exchanger 7, the reaction chamber has inner water-cooled insert 20 rotated by electric motor 19 and metal scraper 21 located along it for cutting the precipitations of powder of the target product formed on the walls of the reaction chamber, and heat exchanger 7 is made two water-cooled coaxial cylinders 22 and 23, whose axes are perpendicular to the axis of the reaction chamber and installed with a clearance for passage of the cooled flow, and knife 24 located in the clearance, rotating about the axis of the cylinders and cleaning the working surfaces of the cylinders of the overgrowing with powder, powder filter-collector 8 having inside it filtering hose 25 of chemically and thermally stable material, on which precipitation of powder of the target product from the gas flow takes place, in the upper part it is connected by flange 26 to the heat exchanger, and in the lower part the filter is provided it device 27 for periodic cleaning of the material by its deformation, and device 28 with valve 29 for sealing the inner space of the filter. The method for production of nanodispersed powders in microwave plasma with the use of the claimed installation consists in injection of the source reagents in the flow of plasma-forming gas of the reaction chamber, plasmochemical synthesis of reagents, cooling of the target product and its separation from the reaction chamber through the filter-collector, the source reagents are injected into the flow of plasma-forming gas, having a medium-mass temperature of 1200 to 3200 K in any state of aggregation: vaporous, powdered, liquid-drop or in any combination of them, reagents in the powdered state are injected in the form of aerosol with the gas-carrier into the reaction chamber through injection assembly 35 with a hole opening into the space of the reaction chamber at an angle of 45 to 60 deg to the chamber axis, reagents in the liquid-drop or vaporous state are injected into the reaction chamber through injection assemblies 15 or 14, respectively, in the form of ring-shaped headers, the last of which is made with 6 to 12 holes opening into the space of the reaction chamber at an angle of 45 to 60 deg to the chamber axis, each of them is blown off by the accompanying gas flow through the coaxial ducts around the holes, at expenditure of the source reagents, plasma-forming gas, specific power of microwave radiation, length of the reaction zone providing for production of a composite system and individual substances with preset properties, chemical, phase composition and dispersity.

Radiation source built around plasma focus with improved switching-mode supply system / 2253194
High-energy photon source has electrode pair 8 for producing plasma pinch disposed in vacuum chamber of plasma pinch generating device 2. Chamber holds working gas incorporating noble cushion gas and active gas chosen to afford generation of desired spectral line. Switching-mode power supply 10 generates electric pulses of sufficiently high voltage to build up electrical discharge between electrodes. This discharge produces high-temperature plasma pinches of high density in working gas which generate radiation in spectral line of power supply. Electrodes are of coaxial configuration with anode on axis. Active gas is introduced through hollow anode.

Pulse plasma accelerator and plasma acceleration method / 2253953
Device has two electrodes, dielectric blocks, made of special material, discharge channel with open end portion, walls of which are formed by surfaces of electrodes and dielectric blocks, energy accumulator, current feeds, connecting electrodes to energy accumulator, which together with electrodes and accumulator form an external electric circuit, isolator, mounted between electrodes near end portion of discharge channel, opposite to open end portion, and charge initiation device. Characteristics of external electrical circuit of accelerator are selected from condition : 2≤C/L, where C - electric capacity of external electric circuit in micro-farads, and L - inductiveness of external electric circuit in nh, value of which satisfies the condition: L≤100 nh. Plasma acceleration method includes ignition of charge in discharge channel of plasma accelerator in pulse feed of discharge voltage from energy accumulator to electrodes of plasma accelerator. In discharge channel of accelerator quasi-periodic pulse discharges are ignited and maintained with value of discharge voltage U no less than 1000 volts and above-mentioned characteristics of accelerator electric circuit.

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: claimed invention relates to liquid-cooled plasma torch nozzle. Said nozzle comprises nozzle nose tip bore for release said plasma jet. Nozzle nose tip outer surface is, in fact, a cylindrical surface. It has second section abutting on first section on nozzle nose tip side. Its outer surface converges toward nozzle nose tip to, in fact, the cone. Note here that there at least one fluid feed groove extending partially over the first section and over the second section at nozzle outer surface towards nozzle nose tip. Besides there is one fluid discharge groove separate from fluid feed groove extending over the second section. Note here that there at least one fluid feed groove extending partially over the first section and over the second section at nozzle outer surface towards nozzle nose tip. Besides there is one coolant discharge groove separate from fluid feed groove extending over the second section.

EFFECT: efficient cooling of nozzle nose tip, ruled out its thermal overload.

16 cl, 16 dwg

The present invention relates to the nozzle of the plasma torch with liquid cooling, cover nozzle plasma torch with liquid cooling and the head of the plasma torch with this cover, or covers.

Under the plasma is assumed heated to a high temperature electrically conductive gas consisting of positive and negative ions, electrons, excited and neutral atoms and molecules.

As a plasma-forming gas are different gases such as monatomic argon and/or diatomic gases: hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen or air. These gases ionize and dissociate through the energy of the electric arc. Electric arc after a narrow nozzle is considered a plasma jet.

On the parameters of the plasma jet is highly dependent on the design of the nozzle and the electrode. These parameters of the plasma jet are, for example, the jet diameter, temperature, energy density and speed of gas flow.

For example, for plasma plasma narrows the nozzle, which can be gas or water cooling. As a result, the energy density can reach up to 2 x 10 6 W/cm 2 . Inside the plasma jet temperature can reach up to 30,000°C, which in combination with the high speed gas flow provides a very high speed of cutting of materials.

Plasma torch can have direct and indirect modes of operation. With the direct mode current flows from its source on the electrode plasma torch, the plasma jet formed by electric arc and pinched nozzle, directly on the harvesting and returns to the source. With the direct mode of operation can be done cutting electrically conductive materials.

The indirect mode current flows from its source on the electrode plasma torch, the plasma jet formed by electric arc and pinched nozzle, nozzle and returns to the current source. In this case, the nozzle has a big load than at direct plasma cutting, as it not only provides a narrowing of the plasma jet, but also forms the starting point of the arc. The indirect mode of operation can be cut as electrically conducting and dielectric materials.

Due to the large thermal loads on the nozzle it is made, usually of metal material, in connection with high conductivity and thermal conductivity preferably made of copper. This applies to the electrode holder, which can be also made from silver. Then apply the nozzle in the plasma torch, its main components are the head, cover nozzle guide component for plasma-forming gas, nozzle holder, nozzle, the nest under the electrode, electrode holder with electrode paste, and in modern plasma burners and holder for protective covers the nozzle itself protective cover nozzle. Electrode holder fixes a pointed electrode insertion of tungsten used for non-oxidizing gases as a plasma-forming gas, for example a mixture of argon and hydrogen. The so-called plate electrode paste which, for example, consists of hafnium, can also be used for oxidizing gases as a plasma-forming gas, such as air or oxygen. To achieve long life of the nozzle his cool, in this case a liquid, such as water. The refrigerant flows through pipeline to supply water to the nozzle, removed from him on the highway for tap water flows through the camera for the refrigerant, limited nozzle and its cover.

In DD 36014 B1 described the nozzle. This nozzle consists of well-conductive material, such as copper, and has a geometric form, correlated with plasma torch, the appropriate type, such as conical bit space with cylindrical outlet nozzle. The external shape of the nozzle is made in the form of a cone, with maintained approximately the same wall thickness, which is chosen so as to be guaranteed good resistance nozzle and a good heat emission of the refrigerant. The nozzle is located in its holder. This holder is made of corrosion-resistant material, such as brass, and contains within centering nest under the nozzle and slot for sealing rubber sealing bit of space from the refrigerant. In addition, the holder of the nozzle is shifted 180 degrees holes for the supply and removal of the refrigerant. On the external diameter of the nozzle holder passes groove to accommodate rubber round shape to seal the camera for the refrigerant from the atmosphere, and implemented thread and centering the receiving device for cover nozzle. Cover nozzle, also made of corrosion-resistant material, such as brass, has a sharp-angled shape with a thickness of its walls, which is optimal for heat dissipation of the jet to the refrigerant. Minimum inner diameter is round the ring. As the refrigerant are most easily applicable water. This arrangement enables easy manufacturer nozzles for economical consumption of materials and rapid replacement of these nozzles. In addition, due to the acute-angled execution of a possible turn of the plasma torch with respect to procurement and, therefore, are provided angled cuts.

In wygladem the description of the invention to the application of Germany No. 1565638 disclosed plasma torch is designed primarily for plasma cutting of workpieces and for the preparation of edges for welding. The streamline the burner head is achieved through the use of especially acute-angled cutting nozzles, inner and outer corners of which are equal and the equal of internal and external corners of the cover of the nozzle. Between the cover of the cutting nozzle and nozzle formed Luggage for the refrigerant, which cover nozzles are made with the shoulder, sealing his metal part together with the cutting nozzle, which formed as a result uniform annular gap that serves as a camera for the refrigerant. Inlet and outlet of the refrigerant, usually water, is carried out through two shifted relative to each other 180 degrees cracks in the nozzle holder.

In DE 2525939 described plasma arc torch, intended in particular for cutting and welding, in which the electrode holder and the body of the jet form pluggable constructive node. Outer wrap the refrigerant is done essentially through the cap the cap covering the body of the jet. The refrigerant flows through the channels in the circular chamber formed by the body of the jet and cap cover.

In DE 69233071 T2 described arc plasma cutter. It also uncovered a variant of execution of the cutting nozzle arc plasma torch, consisting of electrically conductive material and containing outlet for plasma jet and the hollow part of the building, made, as a rule, in the form of thin-walled conical element, tilted towards the outlet and contains enlarged head portion, made in one piece with a plot body, with head-section made of massive, with the exception of the Central channel, located coaxially with the outlet, and contains, as a rule, tapered outer surface with a slope towards the outlet and the diameter of which is contiguous with the diameter of the connecting part of the building, which exceeds the diameter of the part of the building for education notch cutting. Arc plasma cutting device contains a cover for secondary gas. In addition, between the nozzle and cover for secondary gas is water-cooled cover for the formation of water-cooled camera to the outer surface of the nozzle and provide highly efficient cooling. The nozzle is characterized by a large head, covering the hole for plasma jet, and acute depressed or excavation towards the conical body. This nozzle design contributes to its cooling.

In the above plasma burners refrigerant is supplied to the nozzle channel for water supply and removed from him the channel to divert water. In most cases, these channels are shifted relative to each other on 180 degrees and refrigerant washes equally nozzle on the way from feed to return. However, near the nozzle channel there are still overheating.

In addition, the present invention provides a plasma torch nozzle for the liquid-cooled, containing the escape hole plasma jet in the nozzle tip, the first section, the outer surface of which is made essentially cylindrical, and the second adjacent to the first side of the tip of the nozzle area, the outer surface of which narrows essentially on a cone in the direction of the nozzle tip, if: a) there is at least one groove for the fluid passing part on the first sector and on the second leg on the outside the surface of the nozzle to his tip, and one individual from the groove (groove) for the supply of liquid grooves for draining of the fluid passing through the second section, or (b) there is only one groove for the fluid passing part on the first sector and on the second leg on the outer surface of the nozzle to the tip of the nozzle, and at least one individual from the grooves for the supply of liquid grooves for draining of the fluid passing through the second leg. The expression "essentially cylindrical" means that the outer surface at least, without grooves, such as groove to supply and drainage, in General, is cylindrical. Similarly, the expression "tapering essentially on a cone" means that the outer surface at least, without grooves, such as groove to supply and drainage, as a whole narrowed on a cone.

In addition, the present invention provides cover for nozzle plasma torch with liquid cooling, the lid of the nozzle has essentially narrowed on a cone internal surface and is characterized by the fact that on the inner surface of the cover of the nozzle to radial plane made at least two notches.

According to a special variant of execution of the head of a plasma torch nozzle contains one or two grooves for cooling water, the lid of the nozzle is supplied on its inner surface of at least two, in particular the three, dredging, facing the nozzle holes which are on the length of the arc (b 2 ), the length of the arc parts of the nozzle, adjacent to the groove (grooves) to supply coolant to the perimeter and acting outside the groove (groove) for coolant exceeds the length of the arc (d4. c4). Thus, particularly successfully prevented the flow between a highway for the cooling medium, and highway to drain the cooling medium.

Can also be foreseen that in the head of the plasma torch with both holes were essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of this head. The result is a compact connected highways coolant to the head of a plasma torch.

In particular, the openings for cooling fluid to drain the coolant can be offset between 180 degrees.

Preferably arc length of the section between the notches in the cover of the nozzle does not exceed half the minimum length of the arc grooves for draining of coolant or minimum length of the arc groove (groove) to supply coolant to the nozzle.

Optimally, to groove (groove) drain partially passed on the first sector on the outer surface of the nozzle.

According to a special variant of execution of the nozzle provides: in the case of (a)at least two grooves for the supply of liquid in the case of (b)at least two ditches for drainage.

The Central groove for the fluid and the centre grooves for draining of the fluid are preferably on the perimeter of the nozzle with an offset from each other by 180 degrees. In other words, the groove for the supply of liquid and groove to drain the fluids are opposite each other.

Preferably, if a) the width of grooves for draining and in case b) width of grooves for the fluid was in the direction of the perimeter from 90 to 270 degrees. Thanks to a particularly wide groove for the fluid and the groove drainage is achieved particularly effective cooling nozzle.

It is reasonable that in case (a) on the first section of the nozzle was the groove provided with groove for the fluid, and in case b) on the first section of the nozzle was the groove provided with grooved to drain fluid.

May provide that, if a) the groove was located in the direction of the perimeter of the first section of the nozzle and ran around the perimeter.

In particular, it could be envisaged that in case a) the groove was located in the direction of the perimeter of the first section of the nozzle at an angle of 60 to 300 degrees and in case b) it was located in the direction of the perimeter of the first section of the nozzle angle from 60 up to 300 degrees.

In particular, it could be envisaged that in case (a) this groove was located in the direction of the perimeter of the first section of the nozzle at an angle of 90 to 270 degrees and in case b) groove was located in the direction of the perimeter of the first section of the nozzle at an angle of 90 to 270 degrees.

According to other variant of execution of the nozzle in the case of (a) there are two grooves for the supply of liquid in the case b) two ditches for drainage.

In particular, in case (a) both the grooves for the supply of liquid may be placed on the perimeter of the nozzle symmetrically line passing from the centre grooves for draining of the fluid at a right angle through the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, and in case b) both grooves for draining of the liquid may be placed on the perimeter of the nozzle symmetrically line passing from the centre of sealing fluid supply at right angles through the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.

Preferably, in case a) the centres of both grooves for the supply of liquid in the case b) centres of both grooved to drain the fluids were located along the perimeter of the nozzle offset each other at an angle of 30 to 180 degrees.

Also it is advisable that in the case of (a) the width of grooves for draining and in case b) width of grooves for the fluid was in the direction of the perimeter of 120 to 270 degrees.

In addition, it may be stipulated that in case (a) both the grooves for the fluid was reported on the first section of the nozzle and in case b) both grooves for draining reported on the first section of the nozzle.

Can also be stipulated that in case (a) both the grooves for the fluid was reported on the first section of the nozzle through grooves in the case b) both ditches for drainage of fluid have been reported between a through groove.

It is advisable that the groove in the case of (a) took place over one or both of the grooves for the supply of liquid in the case b) took place over one or both of ditches for drainage.

Can also be stipulated that in case (a) in the direction of the perimeter of the first section of the nozzle groove was located around the perimeter.

In particular, it may be provided that the groove was held in direction of the perimeter of the first section at an angle of 60 to 300 degrees.

In particular, may also provide that the groove was held in direction of the perimeter of the first section of the nozzle at an angle of 90 to 270 degrees.

The basis of the invention lies suddenly finding, according to which the supply and/or the disqualification of a cooling liquid at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the head of a plasma torch instead known from the prior art parallel flow and/or withdrawal relative to the longitudinal axis of the head of a plasma torch provides increased cooling nozzles in the result of prolonged coolant nozzle.

In that case, when used by more than one notch to coolant in the area of the tip of the nozzle is especially effective distribution of the coolant in the result of a collision between a coolant flow, which is usually accompanied by increased cooling nozzle.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention are given in the claims and description, which with the help of schematic drawings are explained separately few examples of implementation. This is depicted:

figure 1 - type in the longitudinal section at the head of the plasma torch with highway for plasma and secondary gas nozzle and nozzle cover according to a special variant of execution of the present invention;

figa image in section A-A in figure 1;

fig.1b image by B-B in figure 1;

figure 2 - single image nozzle figure 1 (above left: top view front; top right: a view of a longitudinal section; (bottom right side view);

figure 3 - view of a longitudinal section of the crown plasma torch with line for submission of plasma and secondary gas nozzle and nozzle cover another special variant of execution of the present invention;

figa image in section A-A figure 3;

fig.3b image by B-B in figure 3;

4 is a separate image nozzle figure 3 (above left: top view front; top right: a view of a longitudinal section; (bottom right side view);

5 is a kind of a longitudinal section of the crown plasma torch with highway for plasma and secondary gas nozzle and nozzle cover another special variant of execution of the present invention;

figa image in section A-A figure 5;

fig.5b image by B-B in figure 5;

6 is a separate image nozzle figure 5 (top left: top view front; top right: view in longitudinal section; (bottom right side view);

Fig.7 - view in the longitudinal section at the head of the plasma torch with highway for plasma and secondary gas nozzle and nozzle cover another special variant of execution of the present invention;

figa image in section A-A figure 7;

fig.7b image by B-B 7;

Fig - individual image nozzle figure 7 (left, top: top view front; top right: a view of a longitudinal section; (bottom right side view);

Fig.9 - view in the longitudinal section at the head of the plasma torch with highway for plasma and secondary gas, nozzle and nozzle cover another special variant of execution of the present invention;

figa image in section A-A figure 9;

fig.9b image by B-B in figure 9;

figure 10 - individual image nozzle figure 9 (left, top: top view front; top right: a view of a longitudinal section: (bottom right side view);

11 - look at the cut on his head plasma torch with highway for plasma and secondary gas and nozzle another special variant of execution of the present invention;

figa image in section A-A figure 11;

fig.11b image by B-B on 11;

Fig - individual image nozzle another special variant of execution of the invention (top left: top view front: at top right: view of a longitudinal section; (bottom right side view);

Fig - separate images of the cover of the nozzle on the figures 1, 3, 5 and 11 (left: view of a longitudinal section; right: top view front);

Fig - separate images of the cover of the nozzle according to other variant of execution of the invention (left: view of a longitudinal section; right: top view front);

Fig - separate images of the cover of the nozzle according to another special variant of execution the present invention (left: view of a longitudinal section; right: top view front).

Below the description will be options for the conduct involving at least one slot for the application of liquids, in this case, coolant, and one slot for the drain, in this case the coolant. However, the invention is not restricted by them. Also possible to reverse the sequence of grooves for supply and drainage.

Shown in figure 1 clove 1 plasma torch holds together with electrode-holder 6 electrode 7, in this case with a thread (not shown). The electrodes are made of plate. In the plasma torch can be used, for example, air or oxygen as a plasma-forming gas. Nozzle 4 is located in essentially cylindrical holder 5. Cover 2 nozzles, pinned thread (not shown) on the cylinder, 1 plasma torch, fixes the position of the nozzle 4 and forms with it a camera 10 coolant. Luggage 10 coolant sealed between the nozzle 4 and its cover 2 with the help seal in the form of a continuous ring located in the groove 4.15 nozzle 4.

Cooling liquid, such as water or diluted with water, antifreeze, flows through the camera 10 coolant from a hole in the trunk WV to supply coolant to the hole in the line WR to drain the coolant, the orifices are offset by 180 degrees to each other.

In known from the prior art plasma burners is constantly overheating nozzle 4 on the plot holes 4.10. Also overheating can occur between the cylindrical section of the nozzle 4 and the holder of 5 nozzles. This applies in particular to plasma burners, which are operated with great control shock or indirect way. This is manifested in the change of color of copper after a short time of operation. Already at a current of 40 A color change occurs after a short time (e.g., 5 minutes). In addition, the excess load is on compacted area between the nozzle 4 and his cap 2, which leads to damage to the continuous ring 4.16 and, consequently, to spillages and leaks coolant. Studies have shown that this effect is especially addressed to the highway to drain coolant side nozzles 4. It is assumed that most thermally loaded plot hole 4.10 nozzle 4, insufficiently cooled, because the coolant is not enough washes located closest to the hole nozzle part 10.20 camera for coolant and/or, in particular, is not fully comes to this part on the side facing the highway to drain the coolant.

In the plasma torch is presented in figure 1, the coolant flows almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head 1 plasma torch from the holder of 5 nozzles in the very tip 4 and later in the camera 10 coolant. To do this, in deflecting compartment 10.10 camera 10 coolant recent changes its parallel to the longitudinal axis direction in the hole highway WV to supply coolant plasma torch on the direction to the first sector of 4.1 nozzle (see figure 2), which is almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis head 1 plasma head. After that the coolant flows through the camera 10.11 formed groove 4.20 to supply coolant (see FIGU, 1b, 2) nozzle 4 and cover 2, get on the site 10.20 camera 10 for a cooling chamber, covering the hole 4.10 nozzle, and wash nozzle 4. Then the coolant is returned through the camera 10.15 formed groove 4.22 to drain coolant nozzle 4 and cover 2 nozzles, in line WR to drain coolant, and the transition is essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the head of a plasma torch.

In addition, the head 1 plasma torch is equipped with a holder 8 for protective covers nozzle and protective cover 9. Through the plot passes a secondary gas, covering the plasma jet. Secondary gas flows through the guide item 9.1 and may be referred to them in rotation.

This results in efficient cooling nozzle 4 in the area of the tip, and warned thermal overload. This provides for a situation in which the compartment 10.20 camera 10 for refrigerant comes as possible a large number of coolant. During the experiments more was not observed change the color of the nozzle in the area of the hole 4.10. Also not violated tightness between the nozzle 4 and its cover 2 and solid ring 4.16 not overheat.

On fig.1b the image shown in section B-B head plasma torch, presented in figure 1 where you can see the location plane deflector compartment 10.10.

Figure 2 shows the nozzle 4 heads plasma torch in figure 1. It contains the hole 4.10 to exit plasma jet tip 4.11 nozzle, the first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 which is made essentially cylindrical, and the second adjacent to the first side of the tip 4.11 nozzle section 4.2, the outer surface 4.5 which tapering towards the tip 4.11 nozzle essentially on a cone. Groove 4.20 to supply coolant runs partially on the first section 4.1 and on the second section 4.2 on the outer surface of 4.5 nozzle towards the tip 4.11 nozzle and ends before the cylindrical exterior surface 4.3. Groove 4.22 to drain the coolant is held on the second leg 4.2 nozzle 4. Centre grooves 4.20 for cooling water and the center of the groove 4.22 to drain the coolant are located on the perimeter of the nozzle 4-shift 180 degrees relative to each other. Width α4 grooves 4.22 to drain the coolant in the direction of the perimeter is about 250 degrees. Between groove 4.20 for coolant and groove 4.22 to drain the coolant are protruding parts 4.31 and 4.32 with related areas 4.41, 4.42.

Figure 3 shows the plasma burner similar to plasma torch in figure 1, but the corresponding another special variant of execution. Nozzle 4 contains two grooves 4.20, 4.21 for cooling water. Also here the coolant flows from the holder of 5 nozzles in the nozzle 4 and later in the camera 10 coolant almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head 1 plasma torch. To do this, in deflecting compartment 10.10 camera 10 coolant this fluid changes its parallel to the longitudinal axis direction in the hole highway WV to supply coolant plasma torch on the direction to the first section 4.1 of the nozzle, which is almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis head 1 plasma torch. After that the coolant flows through the groove 5.1 the holder of 5 nozzles in both cameras 10.11, 10.12, created by grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant nozzle 4 and cover 2 nozzles on section 10.20 camera 10 coolant, covering the hole 4.10 nozzle, and wash nozzle 4. Then the coolant flows back through the camera 10.15 formed groove 4.22 to drain the coolant nozzle 4, in line WR to drain coolant, and the transition is essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the head of a plasma torch.

On figa shows section A-A plasma torch aimed at figure 3, you can see how the camera 10.11, 10.12, created by grooves 4.20, 4.21 nozzle 4 and cover 2 nozzles, through areas 4.41, 4.42 protruding parts 4.31, 4.32 nozzle 4 in combination with the inner surface 2.5 cover 2 nozzle exclude flow between a highway for cooling water and highway to drain the coolant. At the same time excluded flow between cameras, 10.11, 10.12 by section 4.43 serving 4.33. So in any position of the nozzle 4 on its cover 2 prevent the flow of coolant, the length of the arc d4, e4 in areas 4.41, 4.42 nozzle 4 must be at least equal to the length of the arc b2 facing the nozzle cut 2.6 cover 2 nozzle (see Fig-16).

On fig.3b shows section B-B plasma torch presented on figure 3, where you can see the location plane deflector compartment 10.10 and the connection of the two grooves 4.20, 4.21 for cooling liquid with grooves 5.1 the holder of 5 nozzles.

Figure 4 shows the nozzle 4 heads plasma torch presented on figure 3. It contains the hole 4.10 to exit plasma jet tip 4.11 nozzle, the first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 which is made essentially cylindrical, and the second adjacent to the first sector on the side of the tip 4.11 nozzle section 4.2, the outer surface 4.5 which tapering towards the tip 4.11 nozzle essentially on a cone. Groove 4.20, 4.21 for cooling water are partially on the first section 4.1 and on the second section 4.2 on the outer surface of 4.5 nozzle 4 in the direction of the tip 4.11 nozzle and end before the cylindrical exterior surface 4.3. Groove 4.22 to drain the coolant is held on the second leg 4.2 nozzle 4. Width α4 grooves 4.22 to drain the coolant in the direction of the perimeter is about 190 degrees. Between grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant and groove 4.22 to drain the coolant are protruding parts 4.31, 4.32 with related areas 4.41, 4.42, 4.43.

Figure 5 shows the plasma torch, which is similar burner presented on figure 3, but is another special variant of execution. Nozzle 4 contains two grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant (see FIGU). Also here the coolant flows almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head 1 plasma torch from the holder of 5 nozzles in the nozzle 4 and later in the camera 10 coolant. To do this, in deflecting compartment 10.10 camera 10 coolant recent changes direction parallel to the longitudinal axis direction in the hole highway WV to supply coolant plasma torch on the direction to the first section 4.1 of the nozzle, which is almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis head 1 plasma torch. Then coolant moves along the groove 4.6 nozzle 4 in both cameras 10.11, 10.12, created by grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant nozzle 4 and cover 2 nozzles on section 10.20 camera 10 coolant, covering the hole 4.10 nozzle, and washes the nozzle. Then the coolant flows back through the camera 10.15 formed groove 4.22 to drain coolant nozzle 4 and cover 2 nozzles, in line WR to drain coolant, and the transition is essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the head 1 plasma torch.

On figa shows section A-A plasma torch figure 5, showing how the camera 10.11, 10.12, created by grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant nozzle 4 and cover 2 nozzles with plots 4.41, 4.42 protruding parts 4.31, 4.32 nozzle 4 in combination with the inner surface 2.5 cover 2 nozzle exclude flow between a highway for cooling water and highway to drain the coolant. At the same time excluded flow between cameras 10.11 and 10.12 with plot 4.43 serving 4.33. For in any position of the nozzle 4 with respect to its cap 2 was possible to eliminate the flow of coolant, the length of the arc d4, e4 areas 4.41, 4.42 nozzle 4 must be at least equal to the length of the arc b2 facing the nozzle cut 2.6 cover 2 nozzle.

On fig.5b shows section B-B plasma torch presented on figure 5, where you can see the location plane deflector compartment 10.10 and connect the two roads to supply coolant with grooves 4.6 in the nozzle 4.

Figure 6 shows the nozzle 4 heads plasma torch presented on figure 5. It contains the hole 4.10 to exit plasma jet tip 4.11 nozzle, the first section 4.1, the outer surface of which is made essentially cylindrical, and the second adjoining side of the tip 4.11 nozzle section 4.2, the outer surface 4.5 which tapering towards the tip 4.11 nozzle essentially on a cone. Groove 4.20, 4.21 for cooling water are partially on the first section 4.1 and on the second section 4.2 on the outer surface of 4.5 nozzle 4 in the direction of the tip 4.11 nozzle and end before the cylindrical surface 4.3. Groove 4.22 to drain the coolant is held on the second leg 4.2 nozzle 4

Width α4 grooves 4.22 to drain the coolant is in the direction of the perimeter of about 190 degrees. Between grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant and groove 4.22 to drain the coolant are protruding parts 4.31, 4.32, 4.33 with related areas 4.41, 4.42. Groove 4.20, 4.21 for coolant communicated among themselves groove 4.6 nozzle.

7 shows the head of a plasma torch another special variant of execution of the invention. Also in this case the cooling liquid is supplied almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head 1 plasma torch from the holder of 5 nozzles in this nozzle and later in the camera 10 coolant. To do this, in deflecting compartment 10.10 camera 10 coolant this fluid changes parallel to the longitudinal axis direction in the hole highway WV to supply coolant to the direction of the first section 4.1, which is almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis head 1 plasma torch. Then the coolant flowing through the camera 10.11 (see FIGU), formed groove 4.20 to supply coolant nozzle 4 and cover 2 nozzles on section 10.20 camera 10 coolant, covering the hole 4.10 nozzle, and washes here nozzle 4. After that the coolant is returned through the camera 10.15 formed groove 4.22 to drain coolant nozzle 4 and its cover 2, in line WR to drain the coolant, the transition is happening here almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head of a plasma torch by deflecting compartment 10.10.

On figa shows section A-A plasma torch figure 7, where you can see how the camera 10.11 formed groove 4.20 coolant nozzle 4 and its cover 2, with sections 4.41, 4.42 protruding parts 4.31, 4.32 nozzle 4 in combination with the inner surface of the cover 2 nozzle warns flow between a highway for cooling water and highway to drain the coolant.

On fig.7b shows section B-B head plasma torch, presents figure 7, where you can see the location plane deflector compartment 10.10.

On Fig shows the nozzle head plasma torch 7. It contains the hole 4.10 to exit plasma jet tip 4.11 nozzle, the first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 made essentially cylindrical, and the second one, adjacent to the first sector on the side of the tip 4.11 nozzle section 4.2, the outer surface 4.5 which tapering towards the tip 4.11 nozzle essentially on a cone. Groove 4.20 for cooling water and the groove 4.22 to drain the coolant are partially on the first section 4.1 and on the second section 4.2 on the outer surface of 4.5 nozzle 4 in the direction of the tip 4.11 nozzle and end before the cylindrical exterior surface 4.3. Centre grooves 4.20 for cooling water and the center of the groove 4.22 to drain the coolant are located on the perimeter of the nozzle 4 offset between 180 degrees and are equal. Between groove 4.20 for coolant and groove 4.22 to drain the coolant are protruding parts 4.31, 4.32 with related areas 4.41, 4.42.

Figure 9 shows the head of a plasma torch another special variant of execution of the invention. Nozzle 4 contains two grooves 4.20, 4.21 for cooling water. Here also the cooling liquid is supplied almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head 1 plasma torch from the holder of 5 nozzles in this nozzle and later in the camera 10 coolant. To do this, in deflecting compartment 10.10 camera 10 coolant recent changes parallel to the longitudinal axis direction in the hole highway WV to supply coolant plasma torch on the direction to the first section 4.1 of the nozzle, which is almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis head 1 plasma torch. Then the coolant flows through the groove 5.1 the holder of 5 nozzles in both cameras 10.11, 10.12, created by grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant nozzle 4 and his cap 2, the section 10.20 covering the hole 4.10, and washes here nozzle 4. Then the coolant is returned through the camera 10.15 formed groove 4.22 to drain coolant nozzle 4 and its cover 2, in line WR to drain coolant, and the transition is nearly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head of a plasma torch with deflecting compartment 10.10.

On figa shows section A-A plasma torch, presented in figure 9, where you can see how the camera 10.11, 10. 12, created by grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant nozzle 4 and its cover 2, with sections 4.41, 4.42 protruding parts 4.31, 4.32 nozzle 4 together with the inner surface of the cover 2 nozzle exclude flow between a highway for cooling water and highway to drain the coolant. At the same time excluded flow between cameras, 10.11, 10.12 with plot 4.43 serving 4.33.

On fig.9b shows section B-B head plasma torch figure 9, where you can see the location plane deflector compartments 10.10 and the connection of the two grooves 4.20, 4.21 for cooling liquid with grooves 5.1 the holder of 5 nozzles.

Figure 10 depicts the nozzle 4 heads plasma torch, presented in figure 9. It contains the hole 4.10 to exit plasma jet tip 4.11 nozzle, the first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 which is made essentially cylindrical, and the adjacent side of the tip 4.11 nozzle second section 4.2, the outer surface 4.5 which tapering towards the tip 4.11 nozzle essentially on a cone. Groove 4.20, 4.21 for cooling water are partially on the first section 4.1 and on the second section 4.2 on the outer surface of 4.5 nozzle 4 in the direction of the tip 4.11 nozzle and end before the cylindrical surface 4.3. Groove 4.22 to drain coolant passes on to the second section 4.2 and in the first section 4.1 on the outer surface of 4.5 nozzle 4. Between grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant and groove 4.22 to drain the coolant are protruding parts 4.31, 4.32, 4.33 with related areas 4.41, 4.42, 4.43.

Figure 11 shows the head of a plasma torch, similar to the head according to figure 5, but the corresponding another special variant of execution of the invention. Holes in the line WV for cooling water and in the line to drain the coolant are offset against each other at a 90 angle. Nozzle 4 contains two grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant and groove 4,6, located in the direction of the perimeter of the first section 4.1 around the perimeter and reporting between the grooves for cooling water. The cooling liquid is supplied almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head 1 plasma torch from the holder of 5 nozzles in this nozzle and later in the camera 10 coolant. To do this, in deflecting compartment 10.10 camera 10 coolant recent changes parallel to the longitudinal axis direction in the hole highway WV to supply coolant plasma torch on the direction to the first section 4.1 of the nozzle, which is almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis head 1 plasma torch. Then the coolant flows through the groove 4.6, located in the direction of the perimeter of the first section 4.1 nozzle 4 on the part of the perimeter between the grooves 4.20, 4.21, i.e. at an angle of about 300 OC, in both cameras 10.11, 10.12., educated grooves 4.20, 4.21 nozzle 4 and its cover 2, the section 10.20 covering the hole 4.10 nozzle, and washes here nozzle 4. After that the coolant is returned through the camera 19.15 formed groove 4.22 to drain coolant nozzle 4 and its cover 2, in line WR to drain coolant, and the transition is essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the head of a plasma torch.

On figa shows section A-A plasma torch according to 11, where you can see how the camera 10.11, 10.12, created by grooves 4.20, 4.21 for coolant nozzle 4 and its cover 2, with sections 4.41, 4.42 protruding parts 4.31, 4.32 nozzle 4 in combination with the inner surface 2.5 cover 2 nozzle exclude flow between a highway for cooling water and highway to drain the coolant. At the same time flow between cameras, 10.11, 10.12 excluded by section 4.43 serving 4.33. So in any position of the nozzle 4 with respect to its cap 2 was not spill coolant, length Doug d4, e4 areas 4.31, 4.42 nozzle 4 must be at least equal to the length of the arc b2 grooves 2.5 cover 2 facing the nozzle.

On fig.11b shows section B-B plasma torch according to 11, where you can see the location plane deflector compartment 10.10 and connect the two roads to supply coolant through the envelope at the angle of about 300 OC grooves 4.6 in the nozzle 4 and holes located at offset 90 degrees to the highway WV for cooling water and railway WR to drain the coolant.

On Fig shown nozzle 4 heads plasma torch under 11. It contains the hole 4.10 to exit plasma jet tip 4.11 nozzle, the first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 which is made essentially cylindrical, and adjacent to the first sector from the tip 4.11 nozzle second section 4.2, the outer surface 4.5 which tapering towards the tip 4.11 nozzle essentially on a cone. Groove 4.20, 4.21 for cooling water are partially on the first section 4.1 and on the second section 4.2 on the outer surface of 4.5 nozzle 4 in the direction of the tip 4.11 nozzle and end before the cylindrical exterior surface 4.3. Groove 4.22 to drain the coolant is held on the second leg 4.2 nozzle 4. Between grooves 2.20, 4.212 for coolant and groove 4.22 to drain the coolant are protruding parts 4.31, 4.32 with related areas 4.41, 4.42, 4.43. Groove 4.20, 4.21 for coolant communicated among themselves groove 4.6 nozzle, passing in the direction of the perimeter of the first section 4.1 nozzle 4 on the part of the perimeter between the grooves 4.20, 4.21, i.e. at an angle of about 300 degrees. This effectively especially when cooling of the transition between the holder of 5 nozzles and nozzle 4.

On Fig shown nozzle another special variant of execution of the invention, which can be applied in the head of the plasma torch according Fig. Groove 4.20 to supply coolant communicated with groove 4.6, located in the direction of the perimeter around the perimeter. This provides the advantage that the holes to line WV for cooling water and railway WR to drain the coolant at the head of a plasma torch is not required to have offset exactly 180 degrees, because they can be located similar to the example presented on 11, offset by 90 degrees. In addition, it is efficient for cooling of transition between the holder of 5 nozzles and the nozzle 4. The same can be done, of course, and in respect of the groove 4.22 to drain the coolant.

1. The nozzle (4) to plasma torch with liquid cooling, containing the hole (4.10) for output plasma jet tip (4.11) nozzle, the first section (4.1), the outer surface (4.4) which is made essentially cylindrical, and the second adjacent to the first side of the tip (4.11) nozzle area (4.2), the outer surface (4.5) which tapering towards the tip (4.11) nozzle essentially on a cone, if: a) there is at least one groove (4.20, 4.21) for the fluid passing through the second section (4.2) on the outside surface (4.5) nozzle (4) in the direction of the tip (4.11) nozzle, and also includes a separate groove or groove (4.20, 4.21) for the supply of liquid groove (4.22) to remove the fluid passing through the second section (4.2), or b) has a groove (4.20 or 4.21) for the fluid passing through the second section (4.2) on the outer surface (4.5) nozzle (4) in the direction of the tip (4.11) nozzle, and at least one individual from groove (4.20 or 4.21) for the supply of liquid groove (4.22) to drain coolant flow for the second section (4.2), wherein the groove (4.20, 4.21) for the fluid takes place partly on the first sector (4.1).

2. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that groove/groove (4.22) drainage runs are also partially on the first sector (4.1) on the outer surface of the nozzle (4).

3. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that in case (a), provided at least two grooves (4.20, 4.21) for the supply of liquid in the case b) provided, at least two grooves (4.22) drain.

4. Nozzle on any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the center of the groove (4.20) for the fluid and the center of the groove (4.22) drain located on the perimeter of the nozzle (4) shift 180 degrees relative to each other.

5. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that in case (a), width of grooves for draining and in case b) width of grooves for the supply of liquid amount in the direction of the perimeter from 90 degrees to 270 degrees.

6. Nozzle on any one of claims 1 to 3, 5, characterized in that in the case of (a) the first part (4.1) nozzle (4) is located groove (4.6), communicated with the groove (4.20) for the fluid, and in case b) on first part (4.1) nozzle (4) is located groove, communicated with the groove (4.22) drain, particularly in the case of (a) the groove (4.6) goes in the direction of the perimeter of the first section (4.1) nozzle (4) around the perimeter, or in the case of (a) the groove (4.6) goes in the direction of the perimeter of the first section (4.1) nozzle (4) at an angle from 60 up to 300 degrees and in case b) groove runs in direction of the perimeter of the first section (4.1) nozzle (4) at an angle from 60 up to 300 OC, or in the case of (a) the groove (4.6) goes in the direction of the perimeter of the first section (4.1) nozzle (4) at an angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees and in case b) groove runs in direction of the perimeter of the first section (4.1) nozzle (4) at an angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees.

7. The nozzle of claim 6, wherein provided: in the case of (a) two grooves (4.20, 4.21) for the supply of liquid in the case b) two grooves (4.22) drainage,

8. The nozzle according to claim 7, wherein in the case (a) both the groove (4.20, 4.21) for the fluid located on the perimeter of symmetric nozzle line passing from the center of the groove (4.22) to drain the fluids at the right angle through the longitudinal axis of the nozzle (4), and that in case b) both grooves drain located on the perimeter of symmetric nozzle line passing from the centre of sealing fluid supply at right angles through the longitudinal axis of the nozzle (4).

9. The nozzle of claim 8, wherein if a) the centres of both grooves (4.20, 4.21) for the supply of liquid in the case b) centres of both grooved to drain the fluids are located on the perimeter of the nozzle (4) offset relative to each other at an angle of 30 to 180 degrees.

10. The nozzle of claim 9, wherein if a) the width of the groove (4.22) drainage and in case b) width of grooves for the fluid in the direction of the perimeter is 120 degrees up to 270.

11. The nozzle of claim 10, wherein in the case (a) both the groove (4.20, 4.21) for the fluid communicated among themselves in the first part (4.1) nozzle (4) and that in case b) both grooves for draining communicated among themselves in the first part (4.1) nozzle (4).

12. The nozzle according to claim 11, wherein in the case (a) both the groove (4.20, 4.21) for the fluid communicated among themselves in the first part (4.1) nozzle (4) the groove (4.6) and in case b) both grooves for draining communicated among themselves in the first part (4.1) nozzle (4) the groove, in particular in the case of (a) the groove (4.6) takes place over one or both grooves (4.20, 4.21) for the supply of liquid in the case b) groove is held on one or both grooved to drain fluid.

13. Cover nozzles for plasma torch with liquid cooling, while the cover (2) nozzle has tapering essentially on a cone internal surface (2.2), wherein the inner surface (2.2) cover (2) nozzle contains located in the radial plane, at least two, in particular, three, or seizure (2.6).

15. Head (1). 14, wherein the nozzle (4) contains one or two grooves (4.20, 4.21) for cooling water, cover (2) nozzle contains on its inner surface (2.5), at least two, in particular, three, or seizure (2.6), addressed to the nozzle (4), the openings of which are of a length exceeding the length of the arc (b 2 ), the length of the arc (d 4 e 4 ) parts (4.31, 4.32) nozzle (4)adjacent to the perimeter to the groove/groove (4.20, 4.21) for coolant and projecting relatively groove/groove, for cooling liquid, at least, equal to the length of the arc (b 2 ).

16. Head (1) on 14 or 15, wherein the length (c 2 ) of the arc area between the slots (2.6) on the cover (2) nozzle is no more than half the minimum length (a 4 ) arc groove (4.22) to drain coolant or minimum length (b 4 ) arc groove (groove) (4.20 and/or (4.21) nozzle (4).