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Production of nanostructured carburiser carburising of iron-carbon alloys Invention relates to metallurgy. Proposed method comprises the analysis of initial carbon-containing stock components for fraction and chemical composition, proportioning, flushing with water flow, drying and grinding to 0.1…30.0 mm fraction. Ground composition is subjected to high specific pressure of up to 20 GPa and heated to 500…1500°C in reducing medium for 5…20 minutes. Then, smooth cooling sizing to fractions are performed. Then, heating is performed to 1800…2500°C along with holding and forced cooling at the rate of 1.5…3.0°C/min to the room temperatures to produce graphite nanostructures of 100 nm on carburiser particles to be packed in watertight container. |
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Invention relates to metallurgy, in particular to the design of a ladle for magnesium treatment of molten metal. The ladle contains a bowl with tubular refractory lining and with a spout for collecting and pouring of molten metal. Between the first and second end faces and continuous lateral wall of the lining the internal space of the ladle is formed. The ladle lining in addition contains a bin for the treatment agent located near to the first end face and connected with the internal space of the ladle. The spout for collecting and pouring of molten metal is located closer to the top, than to the bottom of internal space. In horizontal position the bottom volume of internal space formed below the horizontal plane, located in the middle between the top and bottom of internal space, and between the first end face and vertical plane which is located between the first and second end faces, is grater than the top volume of internal space formed above the horizontal plane and between the first end face and the vertical plane. |
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Method of ladle spheroidising modification of high-strength cast irons Invention can be used in machine building and automotive industry for productions of casts of high-strength cast iron with spherical and vermicular shape of graphite. Spheroidising modifier as ferromagnesium silicon foundry alloy is placed at ladle bottom rear, opposite the tip, so that coverage of ladle bottom does not exceed the radius of bottom circle. Then, ladle is filled with iron melt for 30-60 s. Note here that at teeming, iron melt jet is fed closer to ladle tip. |
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Invention relates to foundry and can be used for production of high-strength iron with globular graphite without structurally free cementite as-cast. Proposed alloy contains the following substances, in wt. %: rare earth metals - 10-20, silicon - 20-30, scandium - 1-3, aluminium making the rest. Foundry alloy comprises 1-3 wt. % of lanthanum in rare earth metal compound. |
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Invention relates to foundry and can be used for production of high-strength iron with globular graphite without structurally free cementite as-cast based on metalised pellets and steel wastes. Proposed agent contains components in the following ratio in wt. %: cerium - 7-10, lanthanum - 3.5-5.0, yttrium - 15-20, aluminium making the rest. |
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Cast iron alloying with vanadium Invention relates to ferrous metallurgy and foundry, particularly, to improvement of properties of cast iron used for production of parts operated under variable-sign loads. In compliance with this invention, vanadium compound is reduced in cast iron melt under flux ply in the presence of reducer. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is used as said vanadium compound. Ferrosilicon (FS75) is used as said reducer. Note here that vanadium is introduced into cast iron by chemical dispersion at feed to melt surface of the mix containing 30% of V2O5 , 20% of FS75 and 50% of CaO. |
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Proposed method comprises furnacing of preset-composition iron, filling the cover material on iron surface for it to be cured to a dense thick cover, and adding of hard modifier based on cerium, magnesium and nickel. Said hard modifier is held in water before adding to the melt. Iron furnacing and modifying are performed in induction furnace mould at iron melt level not higher then induction furnace top coil level and at inductor current frequency of 50-2400 Hz. Note that prior to filling the cover material on iron surface, rated power fed to furnace inductor is decreased by 5-50%. Now, produced iron is discharged into ladle. |
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Making of cold-resistant cast iron Cast iron melt is processed in the mould by feeding modifying mix. The latter contains a spheroidising additive composed of ferromagnesium silicon and graphitising additive composed of boric acid. Said additives are added in amounts that allows obtaining 0.03-0.06% of residual magnesium and 0.005-0.007% of boron in finished casting. Then, spontaneous annealing of casting is performed in the mould for 60 minutes. |
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In rear part of a ladle bottom, opposite its nose part, there located by means of an inclined chute depending on weight of treated cast iron is one or more molten welded tightly closed containers from steel sheets with thickness of 1.5…2.0 mm, with tightly packed spheroidising modifying agent in the form of magnesium-containing alloy combination and bulk volume of up to 10 kg; after that, the ladle is intensely filled with molten cast iron for the period of not more than 40 seconds with direction of a jet to a free part of the ladle bottom. |
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Method involves loading to a reaction chamber of a pouring gate system of modifying agent charge in the form of Fe-Si-REM alloy combination providing initial concentration of rare-earth metals in molten cast-iron of 0.075%; then, after the casting mould is assembled, a lump of FS75 with the weight of 0.24-0.46% of metal consumption of the mould is laid in its pouring basin for graphitising pre-modification, and it is filled with molten cast-iron from the furnace. |
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Method involves preparation of carbon-containing composition containing the following components, wt %: anthracite 50-85, graphite scrap 5-25, broken electrodes 5-25, graphite structure 5-15 that is crushed to the fraction of 0.1-3.2 mm, burnt at the temperature of 500-1500°C, graphite spheroids are formed in the material structure at high specific pressure of up to 20 GPa and subject to high-temperature exposure at 1800-2500°C in a reducing medium so that graphite nanostructures with the size of up to 100 nm are formed, which represent graphite nanoclusters with a hexagonal pattern. |
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Proposed method involves melting of a charge in a melting unit, heat treatment of the melt at 1300…1650°C; at that, when obtaining cast-iron with ball-shaped graphite, primary modification is performed with nanostructured recarburising agent in the quantity of 0.10…0.25% of the melt weight, and secondary spheroidising modification is performed by means of a modifying agent containing 5…7% of magnesium, in the quantity of 1.2…2.0% of the melt weight, and when obtaining cast-iron with compacted graphite, primary modification is performed with nanostructured recarburising agent in the quantity of 0.10…0.25% of the melt weight, and secondary compacting modification is performed with a modifying agent containing 3…5% of magnesium and 3…6% of rare-earth elements in the quantity of 0.3…0.8% of the melt weight. |
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Method of production of aluminium iron with compact inclusions of graphite Proposed method comprises making iron melt with aluminium content of 9.8-19.7%, pouring said melt in metal mould placed in salt melt at 950-1100°C, cooling said melt and isothermal curing of crystallised casting at 950-1100°C for 0.5-2 hours. |
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Alloy combination for production of castings from high-strength cast-iron (versions) As per Version 1, alloy combination contains the following, wt %: silicon 22.0-30.0, magnesium 9.0-12.0, cerium 0.4-0.6, copper is the rest; as per Version 2, alloy combination contains the following, wt %: silicon 22.0-30.0; magnesium 9.0-12.0, misch metal 0.8-1.2, and copper is the rest. |
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Modifying agent for obtaining cast iron with spherical graphite Modifying agent contains the following, wt %: magnesium 7.0-9.0; cerium 8.0-10.0; iron ≤ 1.5; nickel is the rest. |
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Cast iron properties influence method In cast iron properties influence method there measured by addition of magnesium to cast iron melt is content of oxygen in cast iron melt; at that, to cast iron melt there added is magnesium till oxygen content in cast iron melt at temperature of about 1420°C is about 0.005-0.2 ppm. At that, magnesium is added till oxygen content is less than 0.1 ppm, preferably between 0.08 and 0.1 ppm. |
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Procedure for production of iron with vermiculite graphite Procedure consists in melting charge in electric furnace, in heating iron melt in it to temperature 1490-1510°C and in modification of produced melt in ladle with mixture containing complex addition alloy FSMg7 containing REM (rare earth metals) 0.3-1.0 %, magnesium 6.5-8.5 %, at amount of 0.2-0.5 % and 22 % silicobarium SIBAR22 at amount 1.5-2.0 % of weight of treated iron melt. |
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Procedure for production of cast iron with spherical graphite and austenite-ferrite metal matrix Cast iron is melt in electric furnace. At tapping into a ladle melt is modified at temperature 1370-1400°C with complex alloy consisting of silicon-barium at amount 70-80 % of alloy weight. Preliminary there are produced casts out of mottled iron with austenite-martensite matrix by casting into a raw sand-clay mould. To obtain austenite-ferrite structure in iron casts they are subjected to graphitising annealing at temperature 980-1100°C, to conditioning during 3-5 hours and to successive cooling with a furnace to room temperature. |
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Powder wire for out-of-furnace treatment of melts on iron base (versions) Invention refers to metallurgy and is designed for desulphurisation and modifying iron-carbon melt for production of items out of grey cast iron and also for iron with graphite of ball and vermicular shapes. According to the first version of the invention powder wire consists of a metal shell and filler in form of powders mixture of metallic magnesium and additive, corresponding to ferro-silicate-calcium, at the following ratio of elements in the filler, wt %: magnesium 20-55, calcium 12-25, silicon 28-50, iron - the rest. According to the second version mixture of ferro-silicate-calcium with ferro-silicate-magnesium and/or magnesium silicide is used as an additive at the following ratio of elements in the filler, wt %: magnesium 15-40, calcium 8-17, silicon 42-64, iron - the rest. |
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Procedure for melting iron-carbon alloys in induction furnaces Invention refers to ferrous metallurgy, particularly to melting iron-carbon alloys in induction furnaces. The procedure consists in charging metal part of the charge, in melting and in alloying melt with silicon and carbon containing materials. Alloying is carried out with a complex mixture containing silicon and carbon at ratio CΣ: Si=(25÷90):(0.5÷65), where Si is contents of silicon in the complex mixture, and CΣ - is summary contents of carbon in the complex mixture. Also silicon is present in the composition of the mixture as silicon carbide metallurgical and/or its slimes, while carbon is present as heat treated carbon containing materials of electrode production and/or graphite. |
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Addition alloy for modification and alloyage of alloys Addition alloy contains wt %: magnesium 14-17, cerium 0.4-0.6, iron 14-16, silicon 4-7, copper - the rest. |
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Method of cast iron receiving with globular graphite Invention relates to metallurgy field and can be used for casting of products from cast iron with globular graphite. Method includes melting of intermediate product and discharge of melt into ladle. At melt temperature 1300÷1550°C it is introduced flux cored electrode, filler of which contains iron, silicon and not less than 18 wt % of magnesium, at a rate of wire feeding 0.1÷2.5 m/s and magnesium consumption 0.5÷3 kg per tone of melt. Before introduction of flux cored electrode into melt it is preliminarily introduced soda ash or mixture of soda ash and fluorspar in equal ratio in amount 1÷5 kg per tone of melt. Filler of flux cored wire can additionally contain 0.5÷10 wt % in total amount of rare-earth metals, barium, calcium, titanium, aluminium. |
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Modifier with refinement effect Invention relates to metallurgy immediately dealing with extrafurnace refinement and modification of steel, cast iron and non-ferrous alloys. The modifier is represented by a dispersion product resulting from conversion of by-products of the ANP mineral fertiliser production, its chemical composition (wt %) being as follows: calcium carbonate - 90-94%; strontium carbonate - 2-5%; impurities represented by magnesium and barium carbonates and silica, titanium, aluminium and ferric oxides - balance. |
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Method of magnesium-bearing nanomodifying agent receiving Invention relates to metallurgy field and can be used for manufacturing of high-duty cast iron with globular graphite. For receiving of magnesium-bearing nano- modifying agent is blended with water solution of polyvinyl alcohol, chloride of magnesium and iron in molar correlation (10-5):1:1, agreeably, it is evaporated specified mixture before gel formation after what it is implemented carbonation at temperature 350-500°C in atmosphere of inert gas with formation of carbon nanotube, filled by chloride of magnesium and iron. |
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Ligature for modification of high-strength cast irons, method of its receiving and usage Invention relates to metallurgy field, particularly to magnesium-bearing ligature making practice for high-strength ligatures, used for manufacturing of hard part, for instance automobile crankshaft. Ligature contains, wt %: magnesium 17-20, cerium 0.4-0.6, copper is the rest. In the method in the capacity of integumentary flux it is used powdered baric flux, which is charged on magnesium, copper is fractional introduced: at first 60-70 wt % of its total amount, and then - by 10 wt % by components melting with addition of flux for saving of melt blanket, process is implemented at the temperature 725-800°C, chosen on the basis of binary constitution diagram Mg-Cu, during 40-60 min with conclusive layer induction of refining flux of thickness 1-2 cm and introduction of cerium with solid subsurface mixing of received ligature. Then ligature is crushed for pieces 2-4 kg, after what it is introduced into the cast iron in amount 0.65-0.85 wt % of cast iron weight. |
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Invention concerns metallurgy field, foundry. Particularly it concerns control modes of grey and high-duty cast iron and can be used at single-piece, large-scale and mass production of cast iron castings. In method there is received basic alloy of cast iron with usage of alloying, modifying and graphitising admixtures, process qualities are controlled and corrected including operation by effect of spheroidising and vermiculising modification at the section of casting mold charging. It is implemented one-time ladleman cast iron treatment, making preliminary calculation the quantity of alloying, modifying and graphitising admixtures depending on weight of liquid metal, containing of sulphur and oxygen, basic elements and alloying inside of basic cast iron melt and time of holding modifying effect, at that control of all process parameters is outfitted by overall video surveillance system for manufacturing operations with registration and delivering of received results into computer data base and to the lighting panel. Finishing of modifying effect is alerted by acoustic alarm. |
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Fluxed cored wire filler for desulfurising and modification of cast iron Invention concerns metallurgy field and can be used in foundry. Particularly it is used for desulfurising and modification of cast iron and receiving of cast iron products with structure of globular and vermicular graphite. Filler contains, wt %: 18÷75 magnesium, part of which is introduced in metal phase; aluminium, barium, calcium, titanium, rare-earth metals at its total content 1÷10, and also iron and silicon (as the rest) - in the form of one or several materials, choose from group, including ferrosilicium, magnesium - iron - silicon alloy; mixture of metal silicon with cast iron and/or steel rattle, and/or chip, and/or powder. In filler content can also be included passivator in the form of one or several materials from group, including fired dolomite, calcium fluoride, calcium carbide, silicon carbide, soda, in amount which is a part of total content in filler of iron and silicon. |
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Synthetic cast iron production method Invention concerns the siderurgy area and may be used when manufacturing the remelting fabricating parts that are used in the cast iron foundry production. The metal stock is loaded for melting inside an induction furnace until the melted down composition is obtained. In the furnace, upon the mirror of fusion the carbonates of the alkaline-earth metals are introduced in amounts of 10-20%, and the carboniferous material depending upon the required chemical composition of cast iron. The invention permits to intensify impregnation with carbon process, eradicates occurrence of refining foam and facilitates the sulfur removal. |
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Complex modifying agent for producing cast pieces of cast iron with vermiculite or compact graphite Complex modifying agent contains next relation of components, mass %: magnesium, 0.5 - 10; calcium, 0.1 - 10; aluminum, 0.1 - 10; silicon, 30 - 80; total content of cerium and yttrium, 0.5 - 15; manganese, 0.1 - 15; lanthanum, 0.001 - 10; magnesia, 0.001 - 5; total content of oxides of rare earth metals, 0.001 - 10; iron, the balance. |
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Semifinished product of foundry cast iron and method of its production Proposed semifinished product is made from composition system of white cast iron. Structure contains, independently or in complex, spheroidal or flattened particles of graphite whose outer surface is partially or fully coated with ferrite. Particles are dispersed at density of 50 particles/mm2 or more. Cast iron is produced by casting the melt of white cast iron constituents containing the spheroidizing agent. After casting, rolling and heat treatment are performed for obtaining spheroidal particles of graphite or heating and hot rolling are performed for obtaining flattened particles of graphite. |
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Modifying master alloy for cast iron producing method Method comprises steps of preparing, heating, pouring and crystallizing melt under protective flux. Melt is heated till temperature higher than liquidus temperature t1 by 10 - 99°C; pressure value is in range 10-3 - 0.9 x 10-1 MPa. Invention allows prepare modifying master alloy with easy-to-melt magnesium-containing component, with high density and uniform distribution of properties in the whole volume. |
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Method of production of ingots made out of mottled cast iron with austenitic-bainite structure The invention is dealt with metallurgy, in particular, with development of a method of production of mottled cast irons with globular graphite, which may be used for manufacture of components being worn under action of increased loadings. The method provides, that the mottled cast iron is melted down in the induction furnace, the liquid melt at pouring into a ladle is modified with magnesium-bearing addition alloys for formation of the ball-shaped graphite impurities in the ingots and during casting into a sandy-argillaceous mold expos it to inoculating modification. The ingots after crystallization are pulled out from the molds at the temperature of 900-1000°C, transposed to a furnace with temperature of 950-1000°C and keep there during 10-30 mines. After the aging the ingot is exposed to quenching in an isothermal bath at the temperature of 300-320°C within 1-1.5 hour. At that they use the cast iron of following chemical composition, (in mass %): carbon - 3.2-3.4, silicon - 3.0-3.3, manganese - 0.3-0.4, magnesium - 0.04-0.07, molybdenum - 1.5-1.7, nickel - 2.2-2.6, sulfur - 0.01-0.012, phosphorus - 0.06-0.08, iron - the rest. The invention allows to obtain a mottled cast iron with globular graphite and austenitic-bainite structure, high impact resistance, strength, hardness, wear resistance and quasi-isotropy. |
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Claimed modifying agent contains (mass %) ferrosilicon barium 0.5-5.0 and gypsum 25-5 %. |
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Briquette used in manufacture of cast iron Briquette includes silicon-containing material, carbon-containing material, and cement as binder. Silicon-containing material includes metallurgical silicon carbide and carbon-containing material includes carbon-siliceous mixture. |
Another patent 2545593.