Method for obtaining nanostructured recarburising agent for out-of-furnace treatment of high-strength cast-iron with ball-shaped and compacted graphite |
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IPC classes for russian patent Method for obtaining nanostructured recarburising agent for out-of-furnace treatment of high-strength cast-iron with ball-shaped and compacted graphite (RU 2495134):
Production method of high-strength cast-irons with ball-shaped or compacted graphite based on nanostructured recarburising agent / 2495133
Proposed method involves melting of a charge in a melting unit, heat treatment of the melt at 1300…1650°C; at that, when obtaining cast-iron with ball-shaped graphite, primary modification is performed with nanostructured recarburising agent in the quantity of 0.10…0.25% of the melt weight, and secondary spheroidising modification is performed by means of a modifying agent containing 5…7% of magnesium, in the quantity of 1.2…2.0% of the melt weight, and when obtaining cast-iron with compacted graphite, primary modification is performed with nanostructured recarburising agent in the quantity of 0.10…0.25% of the melt weight, and secondary compacting modification is performed with a modifying agent containing 3…5% of magnesium and 3…6% of rare-earth elements in the quantity of 0.3…0.8% of the melt weight.
Method of production of aluminium iron with compact inclusions of graphite / 2487950
Proposed method comprises making iron melt with aluminium content of 9.8-19.7%, pouring said melt in metal mould placed in salt melt at 950-1100°C, cooling said melt and isothermal curing of crystallised casting at 950-1100°C for 0.5-2 hours.
Alloy combination for production of castings from high-strength cast-iron (versions) / 2480530
As per Version 1, alloy combination contains the following, wt %: silicon 22.0-30.0, magnesium 9.0-12.0, cerium 0.4-0.6, copper is the rest; as per Version 2, alloy combination contains the following, wt %: silicon 22.0-30.0; magnesium 9.0-12.0, misch metal 0.8-1.2, and copper is the rest.
Modifying agent for obtaining cast iron with spherical graphite / 2445387
Modifying agent contains the following, wt %: magnesium 7.0-9.0; cerium 8.0-10.0; iron ≤ 1.5; nickel is the rest.
 Cast iron properties influence method / 2444729
In cast iron properties influence method there measured by addition of magnesium to cast iron melt is content of oxygen in cast iron melt; at that, to cast iron melt there added is magnesium till oxygen content in cast iron melt at temperature of about 1420°C is about 0.005-0.2 ppm. At that, magnesium is added till oxygen content is less than 0.1 ppm, preferably between 0.08 and 0.1 ppm.
 Procedure for production of iron with vermiculite graphite / 2427660
Procedure consists in melting charge in electric furnace, in heating iron melt in it to temperature 1490-1510°C and in modification of produced melt in ladle with mixture containing complex addition alloy FSMg7 containing REM (rare earth metals) 0.3-1.0 %, magnesium 6.5-8.5 %, at amount of 0.2-0.5 % and 22 % silicobarium SIBAR22 at amount 1.5-2.0 % of weight of treated iron melt.
Procedure for production of cast iron with spherical graphite and austenite-ferrite metal matrix / 2415949
Cast iron is melt in electric furnace. At tapping into a ladle melt is modified at temperature 1370-1400°C with complex alloy consisting of silicon-barium at amount 70-80 % of alloy weight. Preliminary there are produced casts out of mottled iron with austenite-martensite matrix by casting into a raw sand-clay mould. To obtain austenite-ferrite structure in iron casts they are subjected to graphitising annealing at temperature 980-1100°C, to conditioning during 3-5 hours and to successive cooling with a furnace to room temperature.
Powder wire for out-of-furnace treatment of melts on iron base (versions) / 2396359
Invention refers to metallurgy and is designed for desulphurisation and modifying iron-carbon melt for production of items out of grey cast iron and also for iron with graphite of ball and vermicular shapes. According to the first version of the invention powder wire consists of a metal shell and filler in form of powders mixture of metallic magnesium and additive, corresponding to ferro-silicate-calcium, at the following ratio of elements in the filler, wt %: magnesium 20-55, calcium 12-25, silicon 28-50, iron - the rest. According to the second version mixture of ferro-silicate-calcium with ferro-silicate-magnesium and/or magnesium silicide is used as an additive at the following ratio of elements in the filler, wt %: magnesium 15-40, calcium 8-17, silicon 42-64, iron - the rest.
Procedure for melting iron-carbon alloys in induction furnaces / 2395589
Invention refers to ferrous metallurgy, particularly to melting iron-carbon alloys in induction furnaces. The procedure consists in charging metal part of the charge, in melting and in alloying melt with silicon and carbon containing materials. Alloying is carried out with a complex mixture containing silicon and carbon at ratio CΣ: Si=(25÷90):(0.5÷65), where Si is contents of silicon in the complex mixture, and CΣ - is summary contents of carbon in the complex mixture. Also silicon is present in the composition of the mixture as silicon carbide metallurgical and/or its slimes, while carbon is present as heat treated carbon containing materials of electrode production and/or graphite.
Addition alloy for modification and alloyage of alloys / 2394929
Addition alloy contains wt %: magnesium 14-17, cerium 0.4-0.6, iron 14-16, silicon 4-7, copper - the rest.
 Fullerene-like nanostructures, method of their obtaining and application / 2494967
Invention relates to inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticle of formula A1-x-Bx-chalcogenide, where B is built-in into matrix of A1-x-chalcogenide, A represents metal or alloy of metals, selected from Mo and W, B is metal, selected from V, Nb, Ta, Mn and Re, and x≤0.3; under condition that x does not equal zero and A≠B. Invention also relates to method of obtaining said nanoparticle.
Corundum nanofilm and method of its obtaining (versions) / 2494966
Invention relates to method of obtaining corundum nanofilm. Method consists in precipitation of aluminium nanolayer onto film base, or drum, or disk (further "base") from material with lower adhesion, further oxidation of said nanolayer to corundum, and removal of corundum nanofilm from base. Also claimed are versions of method of obtaining corundum nanofilm.
Dispersion of carbon nanotubes / 2494961
Invention can be used in obtaining modifying additives for construction materials. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes contains, wt %: carbon nanotubes 1-20; surface-active substance - sodium salt of sulfonated naphthalene derivative 1-20; aerosil 5-15; water - the remaining part. Dispersion can additionally contain ethylene glycol as antifreeze.
Rayon-based carbon dressing / 2494763
Invention refers to medicine, particularly to surgery, burn and radiation therapy. A dressing contains rayon fabric which at the first stage of carbon cloth production is exposed to ionising radiation of a high-speed electron bunch in cathode-ray current (1-3) mca and power (0.5-0.7) MeV when transported through an electron accelerator exposure chamber at rate (1-4) m/min; the produced carbon cloth is characterised by density 1.3-1.4 g/cm3; surface density 2.5-3.5 m2/g; carbon content 99.6-99.9 wt %; ash content 0.1-0.4 wt %; chlorhexidine absorption 0.6-0.7 g/g if continuously coating the wound surface for 4 days.
 Method of iron carbonisation by means of nano-structured carboniser / 2494152
Proposed method comprises smelting of iron initial melt in the furnace, injecting carboniser and discharge of metal melt. Note here that iron initial melt is smelt in arc induction furnaces. Besides, gas cupola furnaces with fore hearth are used to overheat said melt at the temperature higher than that of liquidus by 10-400°C as well as carbonizer with nano-structured graphite particles sized to 0.00001…0.01 mcm in amount of 0.0001 - 0.01% for formation of preset concentration of graphite phase formation centers.
Method of making zirconium dioxide-based ceramic articles / 2494077
Invention relates to making ceramic articles from material based on partially stabilised zirconium dioxide: ultra-sharp and wear-resistant high-strength cutting tools for surgery, traumatology, orthopaedics and prosthesis, non-wear friction pairs for bearings, grinding bodies, pistons for brake pads, dies, rollers, nozzles, springs etc, for operation at high temperatures and in aggressive media. According to the disclosed method, a starting crude mixture is prepared, the components of which are taken in the following ratios, wt %: yttrium and/or cerium oxide 0.35-15.50; modifier additive in form of a transition metal oxide - 0.20-3.50 and zirconium dioxide - the balance (up to 100). Particles of the mixture with size of up to 100 nm are then chemically deposited and dried to moisture content of 1-2%. Uniaxial, double-sided pressing is carried out while monitoring average density and shape of the workpiece. The pressed workpieces are dried for 7-8 hours at temperature of 200-250°C, processed with a diamond tool on outline drawings to provide the required shape, fired at temperature of 1450-1500°C, tempered using electrical and/or microwave sources of energy after 1.5-2.5 days and final processing, grinding and polishing of working surfaces is then carried out.
Method of producing nano-size aluminium nitride powder / 2494041
Invention relates to powder technology and nonferrous metallurgy. The method of producing nano-size aluminium nitride powder with particle size of 10-150 nm and specific surface area of 30-170 m2/g involves feeding alumina powder with a stream of plasma-supporting nitrogen gas into a gas-discharge plasma rector at reactor temperature of 4000-7000°C, cooling the thermal decomposition products with a cooling inert gas and condensing the obtained aluminium nitride powder in a water-cooled receiving chamber, in which alumina powder - dust is trapped in electrostatic filters of aluminium hydroxide calcination furnaces when producing alumina. The disclosed method of producing nano-size aluminium nitride powder is characterised by cost-effectiveness since the starting material is wastes.
 Method of production of atomic-thin single-crystalline films / 2494037
Invention relates to the field of nanotechnology and can be used for production of atomic-thin single-crystalline films of various multilayer materials. In the method of production of atomic-thin single-crystalline films, comprising the selection of thin single-crystalline fragments of starting layered single crystals, gluing them to the working substrate is carried out using epoxy adhesive, and the consequent removal of layers from thin single-crystalline fragments using, for example, adhesive tape.
 Method of preparation of polymeric nanocomposites using carbon nanotubes by method of casting from solutions / 2494036
Invention relates to a method of preparation of polymeric nanocomposites which can be used in development and creation of new types of polymeric materials and coatings. The method consists in the fact that homogeneous sedimentation stable colloidal solutions are applied on the substrate by casting, and after casting the solvent is removed. The colloidal solution comprises a solvent, a polymer matrix - plasticised water-insoluble polyvinyl chloride, and functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The functionalised carbon nanotubes are used as purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes with grafted methacrylic groups, modified by the method of covalent functionalisation. The solvent is used as the nonaqueous organic media.
 Method and device for surface marking by controlled intermittent nanostructures / 2494035
Invention can be used for object or article marking for its identification, tracking and authentication. First step 500 of data encoding to the image including the magnitudes representing encoded data is performed. Second step 506-514 of point marking of a section of said surface is performed using polarised laser beam to form oriented nanostructures on said surface or therein. Polarisation of laser beam at every point of marking is modulated proceeding from the value of said image point. In compliance with some versions, marking step comprises using the pulse laser with pulse length smaller than 10×10-12 seconds and the means for polarisation of light emitted by said laser source to reach aforesaid surface along polarisation axis that can vary subject to signal received thereby.
Gas-phase process of manufacturing diamond nanoparticles / 2244680
Weighed quantity of diamonds with average particle size 4 nm are placed into press mold and compacted into tablet. Tablet is then placed into vacuum chamber as target. The latter is evacuated and after introduction of cushion gas, target is cooled to -100оС and kept until its mass increases by a factor of 2-4. Direct voltage is then applied to electrodes of vacuum chamber and target is exposed to pulse laser emission with power providing heating of particles not higher than 900оС. Atomized target material form microfibers between electrodes. In order to reduce fragility of microfibers, vapors of nonionic-type polymer, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylbutyral or polyacrylamide, are added into chamber to pressure 10-2 to 10-4 gauge atm immediately after laser irradiation. Resulting microfibers have diamond structure and content of non-diamond phase therein does not exceed 6.22%.
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FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparation of carbon-containing composition containing the following components, wt %: anthracite 50-85, graphite scrap 5-25, broken electrodes 5-25, graphite structure 5-15 that is crushed to the fraction of 0.1-3.2 mm, burnt at the temperature of 500-1500°C, graphite spheroids are formed in the material structure at high specific pressure of up to 20 GPa and subject to high-temperature exposure at 1800-2500°C in a reducing medium so that graphite nanostructures with the size of up to 100 nm are formed, which represent graphite nanoclusters with a hexagonal pattern. EFFECT: production of casts of responsible purpose from high-strength cast-irons. 2 tbl, 1 dwg
The invention relates to metallurgy, foundry, in particular to methods for nanostructured nauglerozhivatelya for secondary metallurgy of high-strength nodular and compacted graphite iron, which is used for correction of the composition of iron and steel on the carbon content, melted in the foundry and steel industries. Close to the claimed technical solution none found. The invention is aimed at ensuring the production superduty casting of high-strength cast iron with nodular and compacted graphite in the subsequent secondary modifier processing. To implement the method of production of nanostructured nauglerozhivatelya for secondary metallurgy of high-strength nodular and compacted graphite preparing carbon-containing composition comprising, in wt.%: anthracite 50-85, graphite scrap 5-25, electrode fight 5-25 and graphite shavings 5-15, which is crushed to a fraction of 0.1-3.2 mm, annealed at a temperature of 500-1500°C, form the graphite spheroids in the structure of the material under high specific pressure up to 20 GPA and subjected to high-temperature exposure at 1800-2500°C in a reducing environment with the formation of nanostructures of graphite to 100 nm, representing a graphite nanoclusters with gexo the existing grille Figure 1 shows the graphite nanoclusters with hexagonal lattice. Currently in the smelting of iron occurs the necessity of increasing the carbon content by introducing nauglerozhivatelya in the liquid metal. For carburizing the metal used graphite and compositions consisting of carbon-containing waste materials, coke, charcoal and other To implement the proposed method of obtaining nanostructured nauglerozhivatelya for secondary metallurgy of high-strength nodular and compacted graphite prepare carbon-containing composition comprising, in wt.%: anthracite 50-85, graphite scrap 5-25, electrode fight 5-25 and graphite shavings 5-15. The components of the composition together provide the required degree of assimilation of carbon in iron-carbon alloy. Anthracite, which is part, is one of the main components of nauglerozhivatelya defining functionality and technological value of all carbon-containing material. Introduction in the anthracite less than 50% causes a decrease in the efficiency of carburizing iron-carbon alloy and the temperature increase absorption. The presence of anthracite over 85% in the composition of nauglerozhivatelya cannot be retrieved. Graphite scrap is an important component of nauglerozhivatelya. In the introduction the AI in the composition is less than 5% graphite scrap unpromising - it is too small in order to ensure uniform distribution of the layers of graphite as a substrate for growth of a graphite phase. When the content of graphite scrap more than 25% should the temperature rise for learning nauglerozhivatelya that technologically unacceptable. Electrode combat is an important element in reducing the cost of production of nauglerozhivatelya. A less than 5% has virtually no effect on cost reduction. Introduction electrode fight more than 25% leads to the increase of the total consumption of nauglerozhivatelya and, consequently, to the total increase in cost, while satisfactory technological and operational parameters. Graphite shavings - dispersed component of nauglerozhivatelya. The content of graphite shavings less than 5% impairs the ability of nauglerozhivatelya in the formation of crystallization centers graphite phase in cast iron. The introduction of the graphite shavings more than 15% provokes the formation of "graphite sang" in cast iron, which is unacceptable in the future production of high-strength cast iron. The inventive method of production of nanostructured nauglerozhivatelya for secondary metallurgy of high-strength nodular and compacted graphite iron is a three-stage process. In the first stage components nauglerozhivatelya: ant is acit, graphite scrap, electrode fight and graphite flakes are crushed to a fraction of 0.1 to 3.2 mm and calcined in a rotary Prokhladny furnaces or rotary drum furnaces at temperatures 500-1500°C. When using a fraction less than 0.1 mm, there is a significant potential, thereby increasing material consumption. Fraction of more than 3.2 mm reduces the degree of assimilation of carbon from the material, due to the fact that partially goes into the furnace slag. Temperature range 500-1500°C by calcination in a rotary Prokhladny furnaces or rotary drum furnaces at temperatures optimal for the removal of material moisture and volatile substances, thereby improving the physical and mechanical properties. When the temperature of annealing below 500°C the removal of volatile substances will not occur above 1500°C - will begin intensive carbon material. In the second stage calcined carbonaceous material in special reactors form the graphite spheroids in the structure of the material under high specific pressure up to 20 GPA. At lower pressure cannot be ensured formation of graphite spheroids in the structure of the material. More pressure to provide quite difficult and economically inefficient. In the third stage, the material is subjected to high temperature exposure - 1800-2500°C in a reducing environment with the education of graphite nanostructures to 100 nm, representing the graphite nanoclusters with sexonline bars. At temperatures less than 1800°C will not occur neutralization of molecular gases and obtaining graphite "special" purity temperatures over 2500°C is impractical due to the significant energy consumption. In these furnaces, under the action of high-temperature factor is the formation of nanostructures of graphite with the settings to 100 nm, which represent the graphite nanoclusters with hexagonal lattice. Given the size and shape of the graphite is optimal for the formation of germ compacted and globular graphite cast iron. This nanocluster graphite particles are graphite macromolecule - particles nauglerozhivatelya fraction of 0.1 to 3.2 mm Conducted electron microscopic examination in a scanning electron microscope Quanta 3D FEG (dual beam setup SDB production FEI) in the range of magnifications × 10000 - ×100000. Samples for the study were provided to JSC "KAMA-metallurgy. A comparison was made of two samples of powdered carbon material: - sample No. 1 (control) - crushed, dried, not activated graphite powder; - sample # 2 - crushed, dried, activated by treatment at high temperature (~ 2000°C) and high pressure (up to 20 GPa). Drugs cook is the n by drawing on the object table of the powder in the initial state, without further blow. Test results revealed that the sample No. 1 is not exposed to a high surface pressure and high-temperature processing has expressed crystalline layered structure characteristic of graphite. Sample No. 2, subjected to high specific pressure and high temperature treatment showed the presence of spheroids (single particles and clusters), including nano - 100 nm, usually associated with larger particles of graphite. The results are given in table 1.
In about the svojstva cast iron JSC "KAMA-metallurgy were subjected to comparative tests 3 variants of the composition of the proposed method. The results of the comparative data are shown in table 2.
Table of comparative data it is obvious that all the options have a high degree of assimilation of carbon in the liquid melt of metal at all levels: 97-99% vs. 80%, even Saroj is the group of centers of crystallization of graphite inclusions, the lack of introduction of harmful impurities and gases in the molten metal, as well as lower temperature carburizing melt of 1350-1450°C against 1500°C. The invention provides the production superduty casting of high-strength cast iron with nodular and compacted graphite in the subsequent secondary modifier processing through the creation of more centres graphitization. The proposed technical solution has the following advantages: - a higher degree of assimilation of carbon; the lower melt temperature of the processed material; - nanocluster structure of graphite with a hexagonal lattice to obtain nodular and compacted graphite iron. The method of obtaining nanostructured nauglerozhivatelya for secondary metallurgy of high-strength nodular and compacted graphite, characterized in that preparing carbon-containing composition comprising, in wt.%: anthracite 50-85, graphite scrap 5-25, electrode fight 5-25, graphite shavings 5-15, crushed to a fraction of 0.1-3.2 mm, annealed at a temperature of 500-1500°C, form the graphite spheroids in the structure of the material under high specific pressure up to 20 GPA and subjected to high-temperature exposure at 1800-2500°C in a reducing environment with the formation of nanostructures count the TA to 100 nm, representing the nanoclusters with hexagonal graphite lattice.
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