Method of cultivation of globe-thistle and phacelia

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. For cultivation of globe-thistle and phacelia at a field contiguous to apiary, before planting the seeds of the named plants are granulated and moistened for 3-5 mines in weakly alkaline or neutral solution consisting of clay, black soil, waters and wood ash in a proportion 1:1:1:0.01, then they are dried up on the net with the mesh size no more than 2 mm, and phosphate and potassium fertilizing are brought into soil. Seeds are planted during May 20-25 into the prepared seed beds to the depth 2.8-3.2 cm with the interval between plants 30 cm, inter-row interval - 25 cm with account for blooming during June 20 - July 10. During blooming the preventive harvesting of blooming cultures is performed on the area amounting up to 40% of cultivated terrain.

EFFECT: invention ensures the expansion of assortment honeys, increase of output of commodity production of beekeeping and its quality.

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The invention relates to agriculture and can find application in the field of beekeeping and crop production.

To improve the efficiency of crop and beekeeping enterprises at the present stage it is necessary to further their combination with the advanced achievements of basic farming and, in particular, using the experience of growing the best varieties of color-nectar crops that will enhance the delivery of high quality commercial products apiary, such as floral honey, wax, poisons and propolis (Stekolnikov L. I. Legendary. - M.: AXIS-89, 1991. - S. 10-22).

At the same time, as shown by the analysis of the content of information sources in recent years, an interesting and promising developments in this area of agricultural production are practically absent, or are neither scientific novelty, nor the practical usefulness of the required level, or are neither efficient nor economical.

Known, for example, the way to use honey weeds in RU patent for the invention № 2436282 (A01G 1/00, patentable.: Fgouvpo "Chuvash state agricultural Academy", publ.: 20.12.2011), which provides for the organization of the honey from the honey weeds by placing apiary near crops, then green masyarakat plowed into the soil as fertilizer.

This method is relatively cheap, but inefficient, unreliable and poorly functional. In addition, overlapping of weeds in the soil causes the degradation of cultivated plants, as well as irrational reorientation of bees to collect nectar from weeds.

A known way of increasing the productivity of the activity of the bees in RU patent for the invention № 2461190 (AC 47/00), patentable.: VPO "Altai state Academy of education", publ.: 20.09.2012) providing for the placement of bee hives in areas with the direction of their letkov were strictly on the North, East, South or West, depending on weather conditions and biological period of the development of bee colonies.

The implementation of such a method is characterized by certain advantages over other beekeeping technologies, but the method is not modified as in constructive terms, and in real conditions of modern apiary.

The known method of providing favorable conditions for the life of honey bees in RU patent for the invention № 2440722 (AC 47/00, patentable.: VPO "Altai state Academy of education", Appl.: 27.01.2012), according to which, in the immediate vicinity of the installation location of hives create and host tena-Petrobras protection by planting in chess on adce, at least two rows of honey in early spring plantings, such as willow trees, with the direction of the landing from the North-West to South-East and the location letkov were hives on the East.

The known method is quite rational and acceptable for use in areas of growing willow trees, however, in his description and the formula incorrectly offered microophthalmia protection of apiaries instead metrovacesa protection. In addition, this method is still limited in distribution, because it proposes the implementation of only one direction of planting nectar of willow trees, and only one direction of orientation of hives on the sides of the light without any substantiation of the correctness of this choice.

The known method of the alfalfa seeds in RU patent for the invention №2450506 (A01G 1/00, A01G 7/00, patentable.: GSU "Chechen research Institute of agriculture RACES", publ.: 20.05.2012), providing for the sowing of sainfoin on the edges of the seed alfalfa plot width 4...5 m, and the implementation of feeding mineral water "Sernovodsk, in which dissolve the molasses waste of sugar manufacture.

There is a method allows, according to its authors, to encourage flight activity of bees, to enhance the process of Chelopechene and increase the yield of alfalfa, but not different University is a reality and is suitable for use in a narrow field crop production, covering only the areas of distribution of the alfalfa.

A known method of growing globe-Thistle roundheaded and fazeley on the field adjacent to the bee apiary (Fedorenko, S. O. "globe-Thistle seagalogy" // apiculture, No. 2, M: S. 24-25), according to which proposed the process of cultivation of the globe-Thistle roundheaded with the process of breeding bees in apiaries located near the place of growth of this valuable nectar culture.

At the same time, in the description of this method also does not contain agrotehnicheskij justified suggestions for its practical use even in the climatic conditions of the Kiev region, where the author successfully uses. In addition, the composition of the known method is not included the results of experimental studies of other species of nectar plants, to allow selection of culture, which is optimal in terms of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of bee apiaries, operated in the climatic conditions of Central and Northern Ukraine.

The technical object of the present invention is to optimize the cultivation of nectar plants, adapted to the peculiarities of the apiary, providing for the increase in the yield of marketable products of beekeeping and its quality, and expansion of assortment of honey.

The solution to this problem by providing the scarfing those in the method of growing globe-Thistle roundheaded and fazeley on the field adjacent to the bee apiary, planting seeds of globe-Thistle roundheaded and fazeley are within 20...may 25, in prepared beds at a depth of 2.8...3.2 cm distance between plants in 30 cm row spacing 25 cm with flowering within 20 June ... July 10, during which perform preventive cleaning of flowering crops on an area of up to 40% of the cultivated territory, the seeds of these plants before planting granularit and soaked for 3...5 min in alkaline or neutral solution, consisting of clay, soil, water and wood ash in a ratio of 1:1:1:0,01, and dried on a grid with a cell size of not more than 2 mm, and in the soil make phosphate and potash fertilizers, the cultivation of these species nectar crops provide for the conditions of Central and southern regions of Siberia and the Far East, the dose deposited in the soil phosphate fertilizers choose R₂About₅in the range 85 ...90 kg D. C./ha, and K₂O - 60 ... 70 kg D. C./ha. in Addition, the number of apiaries located near sown seeds of these species nectar crops area of the field in 1 ha take on the 40...60 bee colonies, and the minimum distance from the borders of the apiary to the borders of the sown fields - 250 m, and the territory of the forage base feature with the wind and (or) protected plantations hand and shield strip buffer zone with a minimum width of 200 m, and each hive apiaries fodder equip the stand with the possibility of rotation of the hull of the hive in the sides of light and fixation of his years on meteorological Rumba, for example for flowering cultivated near the apiary nectar crops in the South - East.

Implementation of the proposed method is as follows. As shown by the results of research performed by the author with staff Omsk state agrarian University (ohau). P. A. Stolypin in several pilot sites in the Central and southern regions of Siberia and the Far East, for practical use of the invention requires that at the experimental field was cultivated for one or more types of high-yield color-nectar plants adaptable to local populations of bees, living in apiaries, located near the experimental field. Moreover, the combination of these features should be targeted to receive high-quality flower honey and other types of first-class commercial products.

Example. The study conducted by ohau them. P. A. Stolypin during 2002-2012, including in the fields, at the rate of 1 bee 1 field area of 1 ha in the village Generalova the Odessa district of the Omsk region, with growing globe-Thistle roundheaded and other varieties of et is th culture, including globe-Thistle broad-leaved, Russian, ordinary, maratovskogo, Hantscho and Samarkand, as well as fazeley, alfalfa and sainfoin, showed that grows in many regions of the globe-Thistle chorography has a number of significant advantages over other types of domestic and foreign nectar crops, including in relation to their nectarprocameoi, medicinal or pharmacological value and acceptability for the treatment of human diseases of different etiology, productivity, protection from damage by people and animals, as well as high productivity adjacent to the plantations of the globe-Thistle roundheaded apiary and high quality on them marketable products. At the same time the author was developed and tested in the real conditions of agricultural production is a complex system, consisting, on the one hand, from the experimental fields, which grow nectar plants, and on the other hand, bee farms, represented by one or more apiaries with a corresponding snap-in. The study of the peculiarities of the operation of this system it was found that:

if selected for experiments species of bee colonies are able to survive the winter in the region, and the studied varieties nectar of rasteniya their biological characteristics also need stability to grow and give a good harvest, which was implemented in practice;

- distance to the apiary or apiaries, which are preferably arranged in the center of the field full of nectar plants should not exceed to grow landing to 300 m, while optimal for the normal life of bees (e.g. Carpathian breed) a distance of 250 m, and the area of plant-bee complex should be placed on the leeward and (or) protected plantations hand and to protect the strip buffer zone with a minimum width of 200 m;

- globe-Thistle seagalogy steadily grows poor by their elemental composition of soils, however, are more stable and actively developed when fertilizing a specific type and composition of output growth of biomass, the greater the intensity of flowering, increase yield and improve nectarprocameoi. Removal of battery plant biomass amounted to N - 3.5 kg/d, P₂O₅1.6 kg/t, K₂O - 3.8 kg/kg, and the yield increased to rates in the range from 250 to 450 kg/ha;

- to improve nectarprocameoi cultivated globe-Thistle roundheaded approximately 1.5 times the required soil phosphorus and potassium fertilizer doses at P₂O₅about 85...90 kg D. C./ha, and K₂O - 60 ... 70 kg D. C./ha;

a month before planting globe-Thistle roundheaded should p is boditi deep tilling fields and standard measures for the control of weeds, and two weeks before planting globe-Thistle this work must be completed;

- before planting the seeds of a globe-Thistle must be pelletized and soak for 3 to 5 minutes in a solution consisting of clay, soil, water and wood ash in a ratio of 1:1:1:0.01 pH 7,0 6,5...and dry on a wire grid with a cell size of not more than 2 mm;

optimum planting depth of seeds in prepared beds is 2.8...3.2 cm distance between plants in 30 cm row spacing of 25 cm and packing seeds for a better contact with the soil cover;

- planting dates for the studied region (middle and southern regions of Siberia and the Far East) in spring in the period from 20 to 25 may and summer from July 25 to August 10. The rate of seeding 40000 50000...seeds/ha or 6...6.5 kg of cleaned seeds per hectare. Crops are wide-row sowing of any type that allows you to create the desired row spacing;

in the spring planting globe-Thistle roundheaded on the soils of the investigated region of its flowering occurs within 20 June ... July 10, during which you can perform the mowing operation, allowing you to clean up to 40% of the area cultivated fields. This allows prevention by lengthening the terms of flowering and increase its intensity on the remaining areas to increase the activity of bees collecting nectar sootvetstvuushuu productivity of the apiary;

to improve the living conditions of bees, the productivity of the apiary and the quality on it marketable products, each hive should provide a means for proper orientation relative to the cardinal directions (horizon) in each period of the apiary. Such means consists of a stand with the axis of rotation of the driven manually and enables you to deploy a hive of direction years at a desired angle of a circle consisting of 16 points in meteorology or 32 points in marine navigation. For example, the location of the hives letcom to the South leads to the activation of processes of swarming and the formation of new bee colonies with young full Queen bees, letcom West - attracting bees to ensure a comfortable living environment in the hive, letcom North - reducing activity of the processes of swarming bees and their incorporation into the work, letcom to the East for growth efficiency nectanebo and pulling the plate. At the same time, climatic conditions in the area, as well as biological characteristics of the crop and used by bees dictate the specifics of the orientation of the hives, for example, with their notches in the South-East or South-West;

- after planting carrying out any additional and farming activities is not required. Globe-Thistle seagalogy is drought-resistant dostatochno hardy plant, challenging, as a rule, with the sowing areas other plants, including weeds;

- sowing globe-Thistle roundheaded preferably carried out under cover plants-analogue, such as fazeley, alfalfa or sainfoin;

- optimization of the production of marketable products separate apiary is achieved, if we take the number of its constituent bee colonies in the range of 40...60, on the basis that each apiary is served by a field sown with globe-Thistle roundheaded area of 1 hectare

Thus, practical implementation of the proposed integrated technology integrated cultivation nectar plants intended for the production of honey and other types of commodities, the production of one or several apiaries gives significant advantages of the proposed method compared to known technologies.

1. The method of growing globe-Thistle roundheaded and fazeley on the field adjacent to the bee apiary, characterized in that the seeds of the globe-Thistle roundheaded and fazeley are within 20...may 25, in prepared beds at a depth of 2.8...3.2 cm distance between plants in 30 cm row spacing 25 cm with flowering within 20 June ... July 10, during which perform preventive cleaning of flowering crops on an area of up to 40% of the cultivated territory, the seeds of these plants the deposits before planting granularit and soaked for 3...5 min in alkaline or neutral solution, consisting of clay, soil, water and wood ash in a ratio of 1:1:1:0,01, and dried on a grid with a cell size of not more than 2 mm, and in the soil make phosphate and potash fertilizers.

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the cultivation of these species nectar crops provide for the conditions of Central and southern regions of Siberia and the Far East.

3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the dose applied to soil phosphate fertilizers choose R₂About₅in the range 85...90 kg D. C./ha, and K₂O - 60 ... 70 kg D. C./ha

4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the number of apiaries located near sown seeds of these species nectar crops area of the field in 1 ha, take on 40 ...60 bee colonies, and the minimum distance from the borders of the apiary to the borders of the sown fields - 250 m, and the area of fodder have to leeward and/or protected by lesoposadki hand and shield strip buffer zone with a minimum width of 200 m

5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that each hive apiaries fodder equip the stand with the possibility of rotation of the hull of the hive in the sides of light and fixation of his years on meteorological Rumba, for example for flowering cultivated near the apiary nectar crops in the South - East.