Device for electrochemical treatment of liquid mediums and method of its usage

FIELD: technological processes; chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: device contains direct current source with pole selector switch and unipolar electrodes, one passive and at least two active ones, at that passive electrode is installed in reservoir made of ion-conducting material, and active electrodes are fixed at brackets that have been installed on this reservoir. Method of device usage consists in immersion of active electrodes into processed medium, and passive one is placed into reservoir filled with water, at that reservoir with passive electrode is installed in the centre of treatment zone, and active electrodes - in radial directions in respect to this reservoir.

EFFECT: simplification of device design; provision of its compactness at high efficiency of treatment and expansion of technical resources.

4 cl, 1 dwg

The invention relates to the treatment of liquid media unipolar electrochemical activation (ECHO), which give these environments varying in a wide range of stable and metastable properties, and can be used in various fields of human activity, in particular in everyday life, in medicine, in agriculture, etc.

Known devices for ECHO - processing liquids, the primary node which is an electrochemical reactor, made in the form of electrolytic cell separated by the diaphragm from ionepositivo material into two chambers, cathode and anode, each of which is placed unipolar electrodes associated with the corresponding pole of the DC source (for example, U.S. Pat. Of the Russian Federation No. 2221753, 02F 1/46, publ. 2004) (1).

The disadvantages of such plants are their large size and the small influence of the electrostatic field on the processed medium due to the large interelectrode distance, which reduces the efficiency of the ECHO; limited technological capabilities.

Known devices for ECHO-processing liquids, which partially addressed the shortcomings of the decision (1) by reducing the interelectrode distances and increasing the number of plate electrodes, for example running ECHO, contains a package of plate electrodes, cathodes and anodes, and separating them f ltration diaphragm (U.S. Pat. Of the Russian Federation No. 2167822, 02F 1/46, publ. 2001) (2)

The disadvantages of such devices are difficult to manufacture and limited possibilities of their use because of the low processing zones.

Closest to the proposed to the technical essence and the achieved result is a device ECHO-processing liquids, in particular water-logged soils containing constant current source with a switch poles and unipolar electrodes, active, i.e. acting on the processed medium, and passive, i.e. isolated from the processing environment, and the device contains multiple active electrodes and a single passive electrode placed inside the tank with water, the bottom of which is made of an ion-conductive material, and a wall of insulating material (as the USSR №1308219, AV 47/00, publ. 1987) (3).

The method of using this device is that multiple active electrodes are immersed in the processing environment, and a single passive electrode is immersed in a water-filled tank, made of insulating material with the bottom of ionepositivo material that is in contact with this environment, with the active electrode placed over the entire treatment area and the capacity of the passive electrode is placed over them.

Device and method (3) adopted for the prototype of the proposed device and the act is both its use. The disadvantages of these solutions are the complexity of the design of the device, and most of its metal content, and also the limited scope of both device and method.

An object of the invention is to simplify the design of the device and its compactness and high efficiency processing, as well as the expansion of technology and, as a consequence, the field of application.

The technical result is achieved in that the device for the electrochemical treatment of liquid media containing the constant current source with a switch poles and unipolar electrodes, at least two active and one passive, and the passive electrode is placed inside is filled with a water solution or water tanks with bottom of an ion-conductive waterproof material, it is new that the said container is made with walls made of an ion-conductive waterproof material that increases the amount of the electrostatic field, with active electrodes bistaratzen connected with the brackets, at least two, mounted on the vessel in the radial direction, which simplifies the design and operation, provides compactness at the expense of a collapsible manufacture and versatility due to flexible Assembly.

To increase overall efficiency and active electrodes are designed in the form of tubes and/or plates, flat or curved, the surface of which is made of mesh, and/or perforated, and/or solid, which also allows to vary the magnitude of the electrostatic field due to area of contact surface, and further increase its versatility.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of use of the present device, comprising immersing at least two active electrodes in the processing environment, and a single passive electrode filled with an aqueous solution or a water tank with a bottom of an ion-conductive waterproof material in contact with this environment, what is new is that the capacity of the passive electrode is made with walls made of an ion-conductive waterproof material, is dipped in the processing environment in the center of the treated area, and the active electrodes are set at least two radial directions relative to capacity than the efficiency of the processing environment due to more uniform distribution of the electrostatic field on the treatment area.

The technical effect is that the active electrodes in the form of tubes and/or plates, flat or curved, surface mesh, perforated, solid, set with an interval between them opposite each other the se in each radial direction in sequence from the center to the periphery, first, mesh, then perforated, then solid, at least one in each direction, which also increases the processing efficiency due to more uniform distribution of the electrostatic field, thus there is an increase in the degree of electrochemical activation and a decrease in the degree of electrolysis, i.e. increasing the redox potential of the environment.

An example embodiment of the invention schematically shown in the drawing.

Device for ECHO-processing liquids, in particular water, aqueous solutions, water-logged soil, contains the constant current source 1 with the switch poles 2 and 3 which are connected to the unipolar electrodes 4 and 5, respectively. The electrode 4, which is passive, i.e. not interacting with the treated environment, performed unit and placed in the tank 6, is made with walls and bottom of an ion-conductive waterproof material and filled with water or an aqueous solution. The electrodes 5, which are active, i.e. interacting with the environment, made in an unlimited number, but not less than two, depending on the volume of the medium, thus they may have a tubular shape when the tubular electrode 4, in particular for treatment of large areas of soil. Mainly electrodes 5 made in the form of plates, flat or curved, working the again which can be made of mesh, and/or perforated, and/or solid. The electrodes 5 are connected bistaratzen with bracket 8, however, they can be rigidly attached to it, and can be freely suspended, and the bracket 8 can be simultaneously an electric collector connected to the pole 3. The brackets 8, the number of which is determined depending on the size of the treatment area, but not less than two, are mounted on the container 6 in the radial direction, by means of quick couplings.

Usage is described device is as follows.

The device is Autonomous, i.e. not tied to a specific cell, and can be used in any capacity or without it, in particular in the soil. To use the device to its pre-collect, which depending on the size of the treatment area, such as capacity 7 capacity 6 mount the brackets 8, and the electrodes 5, and the number of brackets, the electrodes on each of them and the spacing "a" between them calculated or empirically. For more uniform distribution of the electrostatic field with a large volume of medium 9, and accordingly a large number of electrodes 5 (at least three on each bracket) electrodes mounted on the bracket in sequence from the center to the periphery: the net, then perforated, the ATEM solid, at least one on each bracket. With fewer electrodes 5, any of the modifications may be missing.

The device Assembly is immersed in the processing environment, for example, in the electrolytic cell 7, with a capacity of 6 set in the center of the treated area, and the electrodes 5 are placed throughout the volume of the medium 9 in the radial directions of the opposed electrode 4 and relative to each other in each direction. The electrodes 4 and 5 are connected to the poles 2 and 3. The tank 6 is filled with water or connected to a source of running water (not shown), the device is ready for use.

The essence of the process of electrochemical activation of fluid through the device is as follows.

When the electrochemical treatment of a liquid medium, e.g. water or solution in the electrolytic cell 7 or waterlogged soil is reagentless change of the acid-alkaline (pH pH), redox (eh) and other parameters of the liquid, which gives it a new functional properties, including catalytic and biocatalytic activity, different cathode or anode handling.

When a cathodic treatment in an active electrodes 5 is "-", to the passive electrode 4 is "+", resulting in the liquid 9 in the electrolytic cell 7 (or in the soil) turns into a catholyte, which naysays the products of the reduction reactions, namely hydroxyl metals formed from dissolved salts, gidroksilnami, hydrogen.

An example of basic reduction reactions in the cathode zone:

HE^-+H₂About→N₃About₂ ^-+H₅About₃ ^-+H₇O₅+....

MeCl+HE^-→Meon+Cl^-

When anodic treatment in the zone (+) electrodes 5 of the anode area (anolyte) is saturated with oxidation products, including acids, synthesized from dissolved salts, oxygen, chlorine.

Examples of key oxidative reactions in the anode zone:

Oxygen compounds of chlorine in addition to their own high oxidative ability to participate in reactions of catalytic oxidation of biological environments, thus stimulating significant biocidal activity.

In addition, when unipolar electrochemical treatment of liquid media in addition to electrochemical reactions at the electrodes is the activation (excitation) of the water system and acquires excessive internal potential energy.

In addition to the structural energy of the environment changes and the acquisition of its excessive internal potential energy is the terrain and other factors, affecting catalytic and biocatalytic activity of anolyte and catolyte, namely

- the formation of long-living dissipative structures formed in the field of the space charge at the electrode surface, free or in the form of hydrate shells of ions, molecules, radicals, atoms that gives the anolyte and catolyte catalyst properties (both chemical and biochemical reactions, as it promotes the change of activation energy barriers between interacting components;

- the formation of highly volatile products of electrochemical reactions, which is limited to several hours (e.g., free radicals);

- activated condition of the treated water system unipolar electrochemical method appears anomalous reactivity of Catolica and anolyte in redox reactions, catalytic, biocatalytic activity interactions on the phase boundary, etc.

In unipolar electrochemical treatment of water environment:

- in the cathode zone of the catholyte becomes alkaline reaction (from the original pH of about 7% to pH 8.0÷12%). Its redox potential eh is dramatically reduced (from original EN in the range of 100-200 mV to -50÷-700 mV scale platinum indicator electrode is otnositelno silver chloride reference electrode), reduced dissolved chlorine gas, carbon dioxide, oxygen, increases the concentration of hydrogen;

- in the anode zone, the acidity of the system is increased from the source to pH 2÷6 units Yong increases from the source up to 300÷1200 mV. Increases the content of chlorine and oxygen.

The proposed device in conjunction with the method of its use is the most simple in manufacture and operation in comparison with the known analogue, it is compact and versatile, can find application in all spheres of human activity, in particular for the destruction of pests and pathogens, to increase the biological activity of human or animal, and plant seeds for soil fertility improvement, etc., environmentally friendly way, i.e. without the use of chemicals.

1. Device for electrochemical treatment of liquid media containing the constant current source with a switch poles and unipolar electrodes, a single passive and not less than two active and the passive electrode is placed in water-filled or water solution tank, made with bottom of an ion-conductive waterproof material, characterized in that capacity for the passive electrode is made with walls made of water resistant onapr the conductive material, and active electrodes bistaratzen connected with the brackets, at least two mounted on this capacity in radial directions.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the active electrode is made in the form of tubes and/or plates, flat or curved, the surface of which is made of mesh, and/or perforated, and/or solid.

3. The method of using the device for the electrochemical treatment of liquid media, comprising immersing at least two active electrodes in the processing environment, and a single passive electrode is filled with water or a water solution tank with the bottom of an ion-conductive material in contact with this environment, characterized in that the capacity of the passive electrode is made with walls made of an ion-conductive material, is dipped in the processing environment in the center of the treated area, and the active electrodes are placed around it, at least two radial directions.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the active electrode made in the form of tubes and/or plates, flat or curved, surface mesh, perforated or solid, is installed in each radial direction with an interval between them, opposed to each other in sequence from the center to the periphery of the first mesh, and then perforated, then blochnoi, at least one in each direction.