A method of measuring diffusion-adsorption potentials in soils |
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IPC classes for russian patent A method of measuring diffusion-adsorption potentials in soils (RU 2232498):
A method of measuring electrical potentials in soils / 2232497
The invention relates to agriculture and soil science, namely to methods of determining the electrical properties of the soils
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A method of measuring electrical potentials in soils / 2232497
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The invention can be used in agriculture and soil science, in particular, to determine the electrical properties of the soils. The method consists of placing the measuring polarisusa electrodes in different soil layers and measuring the potential difference between them. To do this, ensure the contact of the measuring electrodes through salt agar bridges with different soil layers and measure the potential difference between the electrodes. Then from the soil layers are selected soil samples are placed on a non-conductive plate, and connect the salt agar bridge and using the same measuring electrodes with salt agar bridges measure the potential difference between them. Algebraically summing these potentials determine the diffusion-adsorption potential between the soil layers. This technology will improve the accuracy of diffusion-adsorption potentials at the contact boundary between the different soils or soil horizons. 1 table, 1 Il.
The invention relates to agriculture and soil science, namely to methods of determining the electrical properties of the soil.
A known method for determining the breaking of dry battery cells, Leclanche. Such electrode is a graphite rod in a mixture of carbon powder, pyrolusite and manganese oxide, impregnated with a thickened solution of ammonium chloride containing chlorides of zinc and copper. The contact of the electrode with the soil through thickened sufficiently concentrated solution. These electrodes are easy to use and when you use them the possibility of dilution of the soil solution electrolyte.
The main disadvantage of this method of measurement of electrical fields in soils using such electrodes is different mobility of cations and anions located in the thickened solution electrode. At the electrode-soil occur uncontrolled diffusion jumps of the potential. When measuring diffusion-adsorption potentials between different soil layers, this leads to significant errors.
Closest to the claimed method is the measurement of electrical fields in soils [2], consisting in the use of electrodes connected to the ground through salt agar bridges with a saturated solution of potassium chloride or ammonium nitrate. When placed between the electrodes and the soil salt bridges with solutions of potassium chloride or nitrate ammonia. In this case, the jumps of the potentials at the electrode - electrode solution and electrode solution the salt bridge solution, both electrodes are almost equal and compensate each other. The decrease in the diffusion potentials leads to the fact that the measured potential difference is close to the potential difference between the points of the soil volume.
The main disadvantage of this method of measurement in soils of diffusion-adsorption potential is not taken into account the measurement error associated with the presence of the electrode-soil concentration jumps potential. The measured potential difference is the algebraic sum of the three jumps potentials:
the concentration at the boundary of the first electrode - soil;
diffusion-adsorption on the border between soil layers;
the concentration at the boundary of the second electrode - soil.
Measured this way, the data is not quite correct, and defined values GAVE not accurate.
The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of diffusion-adsorption potentials at the contact boundary between the different soils or soil horizons. This parameter characterizes the completeness of pochvoobrazovaniya of the invention is the selection of diffusion-adsorption capacity of the three above.
The problem is solved by placing the measuring polarizadas electrodes in different soil layers and measuring the potential difference between them. Then from the soil layers are selected soil samples, put them on a non-conductive surface, and connect the salt agar bridge with a saturated solution of potassium chloride and measure the potential difference between them. Diffusion-adsorption potential between soil layers is determined as the algebraic sum between the differences of potentials, one measured in different soil layers, and the other, measured in the soil samples from these layers, connected by an agar salt bridge.
The technical essence of the invention is to provide a contact of the measuring electrodes through salt agar bridges with different soil layers and measuring the potential difference between the electrodes. Then from the soil layers are selected soil samples are placed on a non-conductive plate are interconnected salt agar bridge and using the same measuring electrodes with salt agar bridges measured the potential difference between them. Algebraically summing these sweaty is1= HELL-(2-1).
In the measurement of SPM between soils, all interconnected via a salt bridge, it is equal to2-1
RP2=2-1.
This is because salt bridge with potassium chloride “dampens” the diffusion potentials.
After spending measure in two ways, and subtracting the second value of the potential difference from the first, we get the desired amount of diffusion-adsorption capacity at the border of the two soils or soil horizons
HELL=RP1-RP2.
The proposed method eliminates the error in the determination of diffusion-adsorption potentials at the expense of ignoring the concentration jumps potentials at the electrode - soil.
The following examples reveal the essence of the invention.
Example 1
As objects, between which were used to define resulting from contact diffusion-adsorption potentials were taken from greenhouse substrate, leached Cuban soil, and thanachart with each other, and with the help of the measuring electrodes through the agar salt bridges measured the potential difference between these soils. According to the nearest analogue of this potential difference was considered to be diffusion-adsorption capacity. Then brought into contact soil was disconnected, and the contact between them was carried out through salt agar bridge, measuring using the same electrode potential difference, which represents the concentration difference of the potentials at the boundary of the electrodes with the soil. The algebraic sum of these two measurements was consistent with diffusion-adsorption potential.
The results are shown in the table.
As can be seen from the data presented in the table, the error in the measurement was MADE by the method closest analogue in comparison with the claimed solution is for different pairs of soils from 10 to 30%.
Thus, the invention allows to significantly improve the accuracy of diffusion-adsorption capacity between soils or soil horizons, and therefore, increase the accuracy of determining the nonequilibrium between them.
Sources of information
1. Pozdnyakov A. I. measurement Technique natural electric is astrofisica soils. M: MAIK “Nauka/ Interperiodica”, 2002, S. 31-36.
Claims A method of measuring diffusion-adsorption potentials in soils, which consists in placing the measuring polarizadas electrodes in different soil layers and measuring the potential difference between them, characterized in that from the soil layers are selected soil samples, put them on a non-conductive surface, and connect the salt agar bridge with a saturated solution of potassium chloride and measure the potential difference between them, and diffusion-adsorption potential between soil layers is determined as the algebraic sum between the differences of potentials, one potential difference, measured in different soil layers, and the other, measured in the soil samples from these layers, interconnected agar salt bridge.
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