Apparatus for thermal electrical disinfecting of soil

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, disinfection of soil in protected ground against diseases and pests.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has electric heating chamber, blade-type screw located within said chamber and provided with drive comprising electric engine and reducer. Electric heating chamber is made in the form of two coaxially arranged pipes, of which inner pipe is connected with phase drive and outer pipe and electric engine casing of blade-type screw are connected with earthed zero wire.

EFFECT: improved soil tillage quality, reduced consumption of power and simplified construction of apparatus.

1 dwg, 1 tbl

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a device for the decontamination of soil in a protected ground against diseases and pests.

A device for disinfecting the soil outside of cultivation conditions (greenhouses, in the preparation of peat pots etc). The device consists of a screw feeder, a disinfecting chamber, and a drive device and a frame. The mixer-feeder and disinfecting Luggage assembled in a common housing, which is a metal pipe. On the inner perimeter of the camera angle 120° relative to each other has three electrodes, insulated from the casing of dielectric material. The internal cavity of the camera (except electrodes) lined termoplastici material. The electrodes are hollow metal segments with a width (along the chord) ... 130 mm, length 600 mm Through the cooling jacket of the electrodes during operation circulates the refrigerant (water). At the receiving hopper of the mixer-feeder installed humidifier soil, through which the tap is connected to the cooling jacket where the water comes from, is heated in the electrodes during operation. Inside the mixer-feeder set auger, which is a flexible coupling connected to the drive unit. Drive unit consists of a reduction gear and elektrodvigatelei the unit mounted on a metal frame. The control and regulation of the mode of operation is performed from a control panel on which are mounted instrumentation. Soil mixer-feeder is loaded into a hopper, at the same time turns on the motor and open the stopcock of the humidifier. Moist soil is fed into the mixer-feeder, mixed auger and served in the decontamination chamber, where, under the influence of electric current is heated to a temperature of 65-70°that is disinfected and through the output window is popped out (Mayilyan S. "Research and development of a stationary installation for decontamination of the soil with a continuous process". Abstract of PhD thesis, 1977, p.14).

As the closest analogue of this device is selected stationary electrode decontaminating soil SU 1128849 And 15.12.1984, which includes the electrodes, the electric heating chamber within which is mounted a blade screw drive which includes a motor and gearbox.

However, the known devices have the following disadvantages:

- the soil is heated unevenly, resulting in recurrence of disease and pests, resulting in sharply reduced biological and economic efficiency of the disinfection process;

to heat the soil spent so is the emotional amount of power;

the device has a complex structure due to the installation of three hollow electrodes which are insulated from the casing, and the screw is made of a dielectric material or covered with insulating epoxy resin composition, which is resistant to abrasion and thermal effects;

the electrodes must be constantly cooled by the refrigerant (water) to moisten the soil.

The technical result achieved in the implementation of this invention is to improve the quality of soil, reducing power consumption and simplifying designs.

This technical result is achieved in that the device for thermoelectric decontamination of soil, consisting of a heating chamber, within which is mounted a blade screw drive which includes a motor and a reducer according to the invention the electric heating Luggage made in the form of two coaxially arranged tubes of which the inner is connected to the phase wire and the outer pipe and the casing of the electric motor drive auger blade connected to the zero wire.

The figure schematically depicts a device that consists of a heating chamber 1, on which are fixed the hopper 2. The heating chamber is made of two coaxial spaced one hundred is lnyh tubes 3 and 4, isolated from each other by sleeves of heat-resistant insulating material (ceramic, fiberglass laminate, etc.). Inside the heating chamber installed blade screw 5, the receiving rotation from the motor 6 through the worm gear 7. Electric heating Luggage has the insulating cover 8 and the output window 9.

Electric heating Luggage works as follows. The inner tube 4 is connected with the phase conductor and the outer pipe 3 with zero grounded wire. Zero grounded wire is connected to the motor housing 6, and through the reduction gear 7 and a blade screw 5.

The principle of operation of the heating chamber 1 used an electromagnetic induction effect, surface effect and proximity effect. When you enable installation in pipes 3 and 4, the electric current of the same frequency, but opposite directions, resulting in accordance with Lenz's law-Joule pipes 3 and 4 are heated and inside the heating chamber 1 is formed of a required temperature field. Then turn the motor 6 and the hopper 2 is loaded soil auger 5 is mixed and heated by the temperature field and the electric current flowing through the soil from the inner pipe 4 to the screw 5, i.e. the soil in the heating chamber 1 in which there are two factors: temperature and electric current, resulting soil is disinfected and through the output window 9 is pushed outward.

The speed of movement of soil through the heating chamber - 1 is dependent on soil temperature and processing conditions, as well as the composition and condition of the soil.

Using the proposed device provides uniform heating of the soil. The coefficient of uniformity of heating of the soil is 0.92 0.93.... Decrease the energy costs of disinfection by 8-12% and simplifies the design of the device, are excluded electrodes, the mixer-feeder, pipes cooling of the electrodes and soil moisture and other

There is evidence that when thermoelectric decontamination of soil is a significant change in its composition.

To study the temperature effect of electric current on the changes of agrochemical properties were taken soil samples for analysis before and after disinfection. The data analysis presented in the table.

Agrochemical parameters of the sample before disinfection characterize the initial state of the soil. After moistening and five-day exposure was taken for analysis of the soil sample. Soil moisture and five-day exposure it after the first series of experiments were conducted in connection with the fact that in the literature there are indications that the soil moist at ordinary temperature capable for short is the third period to secure the cations (especially potassium and ammonium ions) and anions (especially the anion of phosphorus).

From the table it is seen that different compounds behave differently when thermoelectric decontamination of soils. Thus, the content of nitrate nitrogen in water extract increases slightly with continuous disinfection.

In this extract the content of ammonium nitrogen (N_NH14) 2.5 times more after disinfection. The overall level of nitrogen (ammonium + nitrate) increases with disinfection, which indicates in this case on the appropriateness of the use of electricity not only for the destruction of various pests and pathogens in the soil, but also to increase the content of water-soluble nitrogen. The same pattern is observed for ammonium. Contents of mobile phosphorous acid Kirsanov decreases, which indicates non-fixation of this ion. The exchangeable potassium content in Maslova in the soil increases significantly, which indicates the influence of electric current on the transition of potassium from non-form in exchange. A slight increase compared with control occurs and the content of the exchange of calcium and magnesium after disinfection.

Device for thermoelectric decontamination of soil, consisting of a heating chamber, within which is mounted a blade šnē is, the actuator includes a motor and a gearbox, wherein the heating chamber is in the form of two coaxially arranged tubes of which the inner is connected to the phase wire and the outer pipe and the casing of the electric motor drive auger blade connected to the zero wire.