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Method for early prevention of gestational complications

IPC classes for russian patent Method for early prevention of gestational complications (RU 2530624):
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FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves detecting a threatening miscarriage and a carrier state of the polymorphism in the gene of folate metabolism, as well as a CD54+ lymphocyte ratio, lactoferrin and β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) levels in venous blood of a pregnant woman from the onset of pregnancy to the end of the first trimester. That is followed by calculating a prognostic index (PI) by formula: PI=0.7199X1+1.2552X2-0.00653X3-0.0009X4+0.0722X5+1.1277, wherein X1 is the threatening miscarriage, yes/no (1/0); X2 is the polymorphism in the gene of folate metabolism, yes/no (1/0); X3 is the CD54+ lymphocyte ratio, %; X4 is the lactoferrin level, ng/ml; X5 is the concentration of the free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), ng/ml. If PI<0, the gestational complications are predicted, while PI>0 enables stating a low risk of pathological conditions accompanying pregnancy. A sensitivity of the presented method makes 81.2%, its specificity is 85.1%. The method effectiveness is 83.2%.

EFFECT: method is minimally invasive, enables identifying a risk group of the gestational complications early that makes it possible to implement preventive measures aiming at preventing the pathological course of the pregnancy.

5 ex

 

Scope: the present invention relates to medicine, namely to laboratory diagnosis.

The level of technology

The basis for the formation of various gestational complications is the influence of unfavorable factors, among which the most important are stress, premorbid background factors infectious nature, hormonal disorders, genetic component, etc. However, if you have the same risk factors for the development of pathological conditions is not implemented in all cases. On the other hand, pathological conditions during pregnancy are developing not only in women with high-risk groups (in the presence of somatic and/or obstetric history), but also in healthy women, since pregnancy in some cases is a trigger pathological processes.

At the present stage of development of fundamental and clinical medicine scientific research early molecular markers of gestational complications is limited to a differentiated approach to the prediction of some diseases: a number of studies devoted to the prediction of miscarriage mainly in the early stages of pregnancy (like underdeveloped or spontaneous abortion), the other part of the work - preclinical diagnosis of later complications, the man who Pistacia which takes place in the second half of gestation (placental insufficiency, syndrome of delayed fetal growth, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and other). The disadvantage of such a narrow approach is the underestimation of the risk of formation of pathological conditions, regardless of the duration of pregnancy, which requires the development and introduction into clinical practice algorithm for the early prediction of gestational complications, allowing you to answer the question whether the pregnancy to occur physiologically.

Studies of the role of immunological factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of gestational complications does not lose its relevance. Implementation of pathological conditions during pregnancy is the result of many reasons, which together define the type of impaired immune regulation. When significant violations of the immunological mechanisms of regulation of insolvency processes placentation associated with poor differentiation of the trophoblast, causes abortion. If the violation immunological regulation is accompanied by the activation of compensatory mechanisms aimed at limiting the adverse, including embryotoxic effects, it is non-critical violation of trophoblast invasion and partial conversion of vessels of fetoplacental complex that contributes to the preservation and progression take is nasty. In this case, as a rule, depleted placental blood flow does not allow to fully meet the needs of the fetus necessary resources, which leads to the manifestation of various pathological conditions [1, 2]. Thus, in some cases inadequate response of the maternal immune system to the factors of fetal-placental origin leads to irreversible event (termination of pregnancy by type of underdeveloped or spontaneous abortion), mediated by involvement in the pathological process of the vascular component; compensation of irregularities formed a special type of regulation, contributing to the preservation of pregnancy, however, insufficient for the full development of the fetus [2].

Since the evaluation of certain parameters individually has a low information content, perspectives of scientific research in this direction associated with the selection from the totality of risk factors the most significant predictors, the definition of which is at the preclinical stage, the different gestational complications may serve as an early indicator of trouble in the system mother-placenta-fetus " and a reflection of violations of maternal-fruit interactions.

Existing methods for predicting gestational complications have a number of disadvantages. The use of a number of methods for predicting outcomes of pregnant the minute it is assumed only in the second half of gestation (when fully developed placenta, visualization of fetal-placental circulation, the threat of a late miscarriage or premature birth), which is not always possible to take preventive measures to prevent the formation of pathological conditions[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. A number of methods for predicting pregnancy outcomes associated with their use in relation to a particular group of women, which significantly narrows the range of the subject and reduces the value of the developed technology. Thus, known methods of predicting pregnancy outcome in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and high perinatal risk [8, 9], the methods of prediction of early reproductive loss when there is a threat of termination of pregnancy [10, 11], infectious factors [12, 13], giperandrogenii [14], hormonal disorders fetoplacental complex [15], existing abortion in history [12, 16], the methods for predicting complications of pregnancy and development of perinatal pathology in patients with thrombophilia [17], HIV-infected women [18], as well as pregnancy-induced assisted reproductive technologies in connection with the treatment of infertility [19], which in itself is often a condition for inclusion of patients at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. These factors both in isolation and in combination with each other could the t to determine violations of the processes of implantation and placentation, as well as hemodynamic changes in mediating the result of deficiencies in the system "mother-placenta-fetus". Narrowly focused approach to predicting pregnancy outcomes, limited or specific pathological condition, or the method of prognosis in a certain contingent of women is not possible to assess the risk of implementation of gestational complications in General, what is the most popular as patients with complicated obstetric history, and pervoverhovnyh women. In this regard, the most valuable are safe (non-invasive or minimally invasive) methods for predicting pregnancy outcomes regardless of the type of pathology and gestation periods tool that lets because of its nonspecific in regard to these factors of nature from an early date, to differentiate physiological and complicated pregnancy.

Analogs of this invention are the above-mentioned methods for predicting pregnancy outcomes. In addition to the aforementioned disadvantages of these methods (the use of a certain contingent of women, the definition of indicators in the second half of gestation, the prediction of one specific pathological conditions), the imperfection of the existing methods due to: the complexity caused by the use of special software (for example, "Spectr") your registration file CARDIORHYTHM, as well as a large number of additional calculations based on the indicators of kardiointervalografii and machine with the calculation of frequency bands, spectral variants of HRV and others [5, 20], multi phases of the research, based on the definition of indicators before and after carrying out functional tests, load tests or courses of therapy [5, 6, 11], the complexity of the interpretation of the results for doctors without specialization, the use of unsafe chemicals (including trichloroacetic and hydrochloric acids) and the need to provide special conditions for work with such reagents (equipment exhaust box etc) [21], the use of cumbersome algorithms examination including collection of anamnestic data, not only the mother but also the father, viral load and spectrum of viral antigens in the presence of infection factor, the evaluation of the results of ultrasonic and diplomaticheskii studies summary count prognostic index [16, 18].

A prototype of the proposed invention is a method for predicting pregnancy outcomes, which consists in determining the parties preferential location of the placenta by two-dimensional ultrasonic scanning and counting the relative content of the cells in capillary blood women [4]. Despite the obvious advantages of the prototype method (availability definitions mentioned indicators for any medical practical institutions of the relevant profile, includes standard equipment, as well as the high accuracy of the forecast), the disadvantages of this method include the inability to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes with early deadlines, because visualization of the localization of the placenta is only possible from the second trimester of pregnancy. In addition, the authors predict complications during pregnancy, if the content of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 20% or less, however, the development of pathological conditions during pregnancy are not always accompanied by a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, and therefore the sensitivity and specificity of the method of prediction, based on the determination of these two parameters, in some cases, low.

As a result of generalization of experience and years of research conducted in the fgbi "Ural research Institute of maternity and infancy" of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation identified the predictors of high risk of occurrence of gestational complications, which represents a typical markers of various pathological conditions, regardless of nosological units (interrupt pregnant the barb-type underdeveloped or spontaneous abortion, placental insufficiency, delayed fetal growth and other perinatal pathology).

The invention

The aim of the invention is to develop a method of early prediction of implementation of gestational complications, which consists in determining the existence of a threat of termination of this pregnancy and carriage gene polymorphisms in folate metabolism, as well as assessing the relative content of CD54+-peripheral blood lymphocytes, the level of lactoferrin and β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) in serum during the period from the time of pregnancy until the end of the first trimester, followed by the calculation of the predictive index (PI).

The method is as follows. Fence peripheral venous blood for testing should be performed on an empty stomach in the morning, and in two test tubes in a test tube with anticoagulant (EDTA) in an amount of 0.5 ml in a clean, dry test tube in an amount of 3 ml test Tube with EDTA are used to determine the relative content of CD54+lymphocytes method of flow cytofluorimetry. The second tube is used to produce by centrifugation of the blood serum, which carried out the determination of the level of lactoferrin and β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in accordance with instrukcijem manufacturers. Measurement of the optical density of the samples performed by immunoassay analyzer "SUNRISE" company "TECAN" (Austria).

The values obtained based on the data of the history of women (threat of termination of this pregnancy and carriage Homo - or heterozygous mutations in genes of folate metabolism) is used to calculate the prognostic index (PI) according to the formula developed using the method of discriminant analysis:

PI=0,7199X1+1,2552X2-0,00653X3-0,0009X4+0,0722X5+1,1277, where

X1- presence/absence of the threat of termination of this pregnancy (1/0);

X2- presence/absence of gene polymorphisms in folate metabolism (1/0);

X3the relative content of CD54+-blood lymphocytes, %;

X4- the level of lactoferrin, ng/ml;

X5the concentration of free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), ng/ml

When PI<0 predict the implementation of gestational complications, and with PI>0 make a conclusion about the low risk of developing pathological conditions during pregnancy.

The sensitivity of the proposed method is 81,2%, specificity of 85.1%. The effectiveness of the method is to 83.2%.

Example 1. Fesun SM history No. 8096). The patient was examined in outpatient research clinic NII OMM Ministry of health of Russia 17.09.2010, Avtomobilnaya, perforada. Di is the prognosis: singleton pregnancy 4-5 weeks, habitual miscarriage, hyperprolactinemia, microadenoma pituitary, the carrier of the herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus. Signs of threatened abortion no, the woman is a carrier of the gene mutations in folate metabolism: MTRR A66G - G/G (heterozygote), MTHFR AS - a/C (heterozygote), MTR A2756G - A/G (heterozygote). The laboratory examination of blood obtained the following indicators: the relative content CD54+lymphocytes - 23%, the level of lactoferrin -2115 ng/ml, the concentration of β-HCG to 10.2 ng/ml Prognostic index, calculated by the formula, equal -0,286, the negative value of the index indicates a high risk of implementation of gestational complications, and therefore the patient was referred to the risk of development of pathological conditions during pregnancy. The patient was observed in accordance with the standard of medical care to pregnant women in the period of 6-7 weeks for the results of ultrasound examination revealed regressing pregnancy, about which the patient was admitted to the gynecology Department of the Institute, where 30.09.2010 conducted clinical diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity. In the evaluation of karyotype abortive material chromosomal abnormalities have been identified, which excludes the possibility of interruption in the early stages due to a genetic disorder.

Example 2. Volod the so-CALLED Cova. (history of births No. 3854). The patient was examined in outpatient research clinic NII OMM Ministry of health of Russia 01.02.2011. Avtomobilnaya, powerseraya. Diagnosis: singleton pregnancy 7-8 weeks, burdened history of pregnancy (miscarriage in 2009), chronic cholecystitis in remission, nephroptosis on the right I-II century, the myopia of the I century, cervical erosion (cryosurgery in 2004). At the time of examination there are signs of threatened abortion (complaints dragging pain in the abdomen and blood discharge from the genital tract), the woman is a carrier of the gene mutation in folate metabolism: MTHFR AS - a/C (heterozygote). The laboratory examination of blood obtained the following indicators: the relative content CD54+lymphocytes - 25%, the level of lactoferrin - 2482 ng/ml, the concentration of β-HCG - of 8.9 ng/ml Prognostic index, calculated by the formula, equal -0,121, the negative value of the index indicates a high risk of implementation of gestational complications, and therefore the patient was referred to the risk of development of pathological conditions during pregnancy. In the period of 19 weeks of pregnancy by ultrasound and diplomaticheskogo studies have revealed the violation of the utero-placental circulation IA senior Woman was admitted to hospital, were observed and had received treatment in compliance and with the standard of medical care. In the period 29-30 weeks of pregnancy the woman was re-admitted to the hospital with subcompensated chronic placental insufficiency (premature maturation of the placenta) and threats of termination, were observed and had received treatment in accordance with the standard of medical care. The pregnancy ended in a self-urgent deliveries in the period 40-41 weeks. and the birth of live full-term girls with body weight 2450 g, a growth of 46 see the diagnosis of the child at birth: a syndrome of delayed fetal growth Art. I, gipoplasticheskaya option.

Example 3. Makarova O.V. (history of births No. 2356). The patient was examined in outpatient research clinic NII OMM Ministry of health of Russia 22.04.2010. Avtomobilnaya, perforada. Diagnosis: singleton pregnancy 8-9 weeks, burdened obstetric history (medical abortion), obesity Art. II, arterial hypertension Art. I, myopia Art. II, the carrier of the herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, symptoms of connective tissue dysplasia, cervical erosion. Signs of threatened abortion no, the woman is not a carrier of the gene mutations in folate metabolism. The laboratory examination of blood obtained the following indicators: the relative content D54+lymphocytes - 54%, the level of lactoferrin - 2847 ng/ml, the concentration of β-HCG - 14,38 ng/ml Prognostic index, R is schitannye by the formula, equal -3,923, the negative value of the index indicates a high risk of implementation of gestational complications, and therefore the patient was referred to the risk of development of pathological conditions during pregnancy. In the period 25-26 weeks gestation by ultrasound and diplomaticheskogo studies have revealed the violation of the utero-placental circulation And I tbsp., premature ripening placentae, oligohydramnios. The woman was admitted to hospital, were observed and had received treatment in accordance with the standard of medical care. The pregnancy ended operative delivery due to the weakness of labor activity at 41-42 weeks. and the birth of a live overdue boy weighing 3160 g, a growth of 51 see the diagnosis of the child at birth asphyxia, perenoshennosti.

Example 4. Nikitin A.S. (history of births No. 1417). The patient was examined in outpatient research clinic NII OMM Ministry of health of Russia 09.12.2010. Avtomobilnaya, powerseraya. Diagnosis: pregnancy 7-8 weeks, burdened obstetric history (regressing pregnancy in a small time period, 1 medical abortion), the myopia of the I century, the media CMV, subclinical hypothyroidism in the stage of compensation, hyperandrogenism, overweight, chronic cholecystitis in remission, chronic pancreatitis in remission. Signs of pre threat is ivania pregnancy are not available, the woman is a carrier of the gene mutations in folate metabolism: MTRR A66G - A/G (heterozygote), MTHFR ST - S/T (heterozygote), MTHFR AS - a/C (heterozygote). The laboratory examination of blood obtained the following indicators: the relative content CD54+lymphocytes - 21%, the level of lactoferrin - 1050 ng/ml concentration (β-HCG - 28,68 ng/ml Prognostic index, calculated by the formula equal to 2,137, a positive index value indicates a low risk implementation of gestational complications. Upon further observation, according to the ultrasonic and diplomaticheskii studies during pregnancy the condition of the placenta and fetus were assessed as normal, the corresponding gestational age, pregnancy ended self-urgent deliveries in the period 40-41 weeks. and the birth of a live full-term baby boy weighing 3710 g, growth 54 see the diagnosis of the child at birth healthy.

Example 5. Gribushin O.A. (history of births No. 1347). The patient was examined in outpatient research clinic NII OMM Ministry of health of Russia 27.12.2010. Parvovirinae, perforada. Diagnosis: pregnancy 12-13 weeks, subclinical hypothyroidism in the stage of compensation, vegetovascular dystonia of hypotonic type, myopia Art. III, chronic pyelonephritis in remission, chronic cystitis in remission. Signs of threatened abortion from wdtout, the woman is a carrier of the gene mutation in folate metabolism: MTRR A66G - G/G (heterozygote). The laboratory examination of blood obtained the following indicators: the relative content CD54+lymphocytes - 19%, the level of lactoferrin - 1899,5 ng/ml, the concentration of β-HCG - 24,13 ng/ml Prognostic index, calculated by the formula equal to 1,175, a positive index value indicates a low risk implementation of gestational complications. Upon further observation, according to the ultrasonic and diplomaticheskii studies during pregnancy the condition of the placenta and fetus were assessed as normal, the corresponding gestational age, pregnancy ended self-urgent deliveries in the period 39-40 weeks. and the birth of a live full-term baby boy weighing 3700 g, a growth of 53 see the diagnosis of the child at birth healthy.

Clinical examples show that the violation of cell-mediated and humoral immunological mechanisms of regulation in the early stages of pregnancy, accompanied by the change of production of the main hormone, reflecting the proliferation of cytotrophoblast (β-HCG), along with the data of anamnesis women who are risk factors for the development of pathological conditions (presence/absence of the threat of termination of this pregnancy and carriage gene polymorphisms in folate metabolism) what is the pathogenetic basis implementation further gestational complications. The above confirms the predictive value of the proposed method.

Thus, the inventive method of early prediction of implementation of gestational complications in comparison with known has the following advantages.

1. The method is minimally invasive, because the prediction is performed according to a study in the peripheral blood and records of medical history/examination.

2. The method allows to predict the risk of implementation of gestational complications with the use of a complex predictors, reflecting the effectiveness of regulatory mechanisms aimed at preserving and successful progression of pregnancy and is involved in the pathogenesis of various pathological conditions, regardless of the duration of pregnancy and nosological units (abortion by type underdeveloped or spontaneous abortion, placental insufficiency, delayed fetal growth and other perinatal pathology).

3. The proposed method allows early periods of gestation (pregnancy) to identify the risk group for the implementation of gestational complications, which enables the implementation of preventive measures aimed at prevention of pathological pregnancy.

Sources of information taken into account in the examination:

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The method of early prediction of implementation of gestational complications, characterized in that from early pregnancy to determine the existence of any threat to abort this pregnancy and gene mutations in folate metabolism, evaluate the relative content of CD54+lymphocytes, the level of lactoferrin and β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) in ve is Osney the blood of women calculate the prognostic index (PI) according to the formula:
PI=0,7199X1+1,2552X2-0,00653X3-0,0009X4+0,0722X5+1,1277, where
X1- presence/absence of the threat of termination of this pregnancy (1/0);
X2- presence/absence of gene polymorphisms in folate metabolism (1/0);
X3the relative content of CD54+-blood lymphocytes, %;
X4- the level of lactoferrin, ng/ml;
X5the concentration of free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), ng/ml
and when PI is less than 0 predict the implementation of gestational complications, and with PI greater than 0 make a conclusion about the low risk of developing pathological conditions during pregnancy.

 

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