Method for prediction of risk of early development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic prostatitis |
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IPC classes for russian patent Method for prediction of risk of early development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic prostatitis (RU 2504782):
Method for determining minimum modified lipoproteins of low density in serum or plasma of human blood / 2501013
Invention can be used in laboratory diagnostics for determination of blood atherogenicity as per level of content of minimum modified lipoproteins of low density (MM-LPLD) in serum or plasma of human blood. MM-LPLD is aggregated from blood serum or plasma by treatment with buffer containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with molar weight of 12600±2700 at final PVP concentration of 11.3% to 14.2% in the sample. After incubation during 10 minutes, light absorption in test and check samples is measured, difference is calculated and at the difference value of more than 10 U blood atherogenicity of the examined person is stated due to increased MM-LPLD level.
Method to determine atherogenicity of human blood / 2497116
Invention describes the method to determine modified lipoproteins of low density (mLPLD) in serum (plasma) of human blood by means of treatment with a buffer, containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with the subsequent turbidimetric registration of the mixture, where treatment of the serum or human blood is carried out with the 10% solution of PVP-35000±5000 in 0.01 M Tris-HCl-buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.15M NaCl, at the volume ratio of the serum (plasma):PVP from (1:2) to (1:10), incubated for 10 min. at room temperature, light absorption is measured in the experimental and control samples, the difference is calculated between them, and if the difference value is more than 15 units, the high level of atherogenic mLPLD in blood is ascertained, as well as availability of atherosclerotic process in an examined person.
 Method for screening diagnosis of insulin resistance / 2493566
Method is based on determining biochemical factors of venous blood serum in which glucose and lipid spectrum factors are determined by an enzymatic method. Disclosed method involves one-time collection of blood from a patient from the ulnar vein under fasting conditions for 12 hours; direct high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (direct HDL-Cholesterol) factors in the venous blood serum are then determined using an enzymatic colorimetric method; the level of triglycerides is determined using an enzymatic colorimetric method through a GPO-PAP reaction and concentration of glucose is determined using a hexokinase method; insulin resistance (MI) is then calculated using a formula. If MI≥7.0 insulin resistance is diagnosed.
 Method of estimating risk of metabolic syndrome development in children basing on genetic and biochemical markers / 2492485
Claimed is method of estimating risk of development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children on the basis of genetic and biochemical markers by presence of insulin-resistance by means of insulin-resistance index HOMA-IR. After analysis of biochemical indices HOMA-IR analysis of atherogenicity coefficient (AC) is carried out. CONCLUSION ABOUT ms development and detection of risk group of disease development among children is made by coefficient 3xCA+HOMA-IR. Range of coefficient values under 10 corresponds to healthy people; from 10 to 14.5 - children with metabolic disorders and obesity; if coefficient is higher than 14.5, MS is diagnosed. In group of children with values, calculated by formula higher than 10, but lower than 14.5, risk of MS is additionally determined by means of method of PCR of methylene tetrahydrofolatereductsase (MTHFR) gene sites with further processing with restriction endonucleases, and if genotype C/T of polymorphous variant 677C/T of MTHFR gene, such children are referred to group of risk of MS development.
Method for early prediction of clinical effectiveness in patients with newly diagnosed infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis / 2464577
There are involved laboratory studies, namely calculating a prognostic index of three-month clinical effectiveness with regard to bacterioexcretion massivity. If observing no or poor bacterioexcretion (0-20 colony-forming units) enables calculating the prognostic index by formula: Y= -0.687×X1 - 6.772×X2 + 0.058×X3+32.5. Moderate or massive bacterioexcretion (>20 colony-forming units) provides calculating the prognostic index by formula: Y= -73.5×X4 - 4.89×X2 - 0.05×X3 + 48.94. The values Y>0 enables to predict the disappear of intoxication symptoms and cavity closure, while Y<0 shows the cavity decrease and disappear of intoxication symptoms.
 Method for estimating clinical effectiveness of ischemic heart disease / 2462722
Before and after treating ischemic heart disease, modified lipoproteins(a) are evaluated by processing blood serum 0.6 ml by 0.1% Triton X-100 0.2 ml, by incubation for 15 minutes at 20°C, agitating stirring of the mixture at 120 times per minutes, disintegration with added 7% polyethylene glycol 6000, incubation with the staining agent Sudan B at 40°C for 1 h that is followed by electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins in agarose gel in a well 4×20 mm. Treatment of ischemic heart disease is estimated to be effective if observing decrease of the level of modified lipoproteins(a) by 30% and more, and increase of blood high density lipoproteins up to 30% and more, HDLP cholesterol 0.8 to 1.6 mmole/l and more as compared with the initial level.
Method for detecting treatment-resistant patients with chronic advanced dermatoses (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acantholytic vesicular dermatitis) / 2457489
Content of mean molecules and carbonyl products of oxidative protein modification. If their relation is <0.4, the absence of resistance is stated, while the value is >0.4 shows the presence of treatment resistance.
 Medium and method for detection of multiply modified blood serum lipoproteins / 2444014
Invention provides a medium for detection of the presence of multiply modified blood serum lipoproteins (mmLP) which contains 10% PVP-12600 in 0.01M Tris-HCl-buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.15M NaCl. Also, what is described is a method for detection of the presence of multiply modified blood serum lipoproteins (mmLP) by turbodimetric opacity test wherein serum is processed in a medium characterised in cl.1 in the volumetric serum to medium ratio (1:8), incubated for 10 min. at room temperature; the test and control are measured for light absorbance at wave length 450 nm, their difference is calculated. And if the difference exceeds 2.7 standard units, the presence of multiply modified blood serum lipoproteins is stated.
 Method of predicting ischemic heart disease course / 2439582
Modified LP (a) are analysed by processing 0.6 ml of blood serum with 0.2 ml of 0.1% Triton X-100 solution, incubation for 15 minutes at 20°C, mixing of mixture by method of shaking for 120 times per min, with further addition of 7% solution of polyethylene glycol 6000 solution and electrophoretic separation in agarose gel in 4x20 mm hollow. If it is determined that level of LP (a) reduces by 35% and more and level of total cholesterol by 20% and more and blood HDLP grows from 13% to 28% and more in comparison with initial level, prediction of disease course is considered to be favourable, contributing to passage of stenocardia of tension FC III-IV into FC I-II. If it is determined that level of modified LP (a) is lower than 35%, total cholesterol - less than 20% and blood HDLP increase to 27% in comparison to initial level, disease prognosis is considered to be unfavourable.
 Method of estimating efficiency of ischemic heart disease treatment / 2439581
Before and after treatment of ischemic heart disease modified LP (a) are determined by processing 0.6 ml of blood serum with 0.2 ml of 0.1% Triton X-100 solution, incubation for 15 minutes at 20°C, mixing of mixture by method of shaking for 120 times per min, with further addition of 7% solution of polyethylene glycol 6000 solution, incubation with Sudan B dye at 40°C for 1 h with further electrophoretic separation of LP in agarose gel in 4x20 mm hollow. If level of modified LP (a) reduces by 35% and level of HDLP in blood grows from 13% to 28% and more in comparison with initial level, treatment of ischemic heart disease is estimated as efficient.
 Method for prediction of recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer / 2498305
What is involves is the histological examination of tissue fragments taken from the extracted lung with primary, intermediate and segmental bronchi at 4-5 cm from the tumour, and disregeneration change cases are determined in the respiratory bronchial epithelium, including: basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), squamous metaplasia (SM) and if observing a combination of basal cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia (BCH+SM+) in the respiratory bronchial epithelium adjacent to the tumour, a risk of developing the recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer is predicted.
 Method for prediction of recurrent cervical cancer / 2485523
Method for prediction of recurrent cervical cancer involves biochemical daily urine analysis to determine daily urine androsterone and etiocholanolone to be related; if the relation is 0.75 mg/day or less, the recurrent disease is predicted for the first 2 years, and if the relation exceeding 0.75 mg/day, a prolonged recurrence-free period up to 10 years or more is predicted.
 Method for aromatase activity test / 2481587
Blood serum is examined for lutropin, follitropin, oestradiol, total testosterone and free testosterone levels before and 48 hours after the oral administration of 450 aromatase inhibitor, letrozole 10 mg, and the variations of lutropin and follitropin, as well as of the oestradiol/total testosterone and oestradiol/free testosterone relations are used to asses aromatase activity in points assigned by a certain way to consider low aromatase activity shown by total score 0 to 7 points, normal aromatase activity - 8 to 14 points, and high aromatase activity - 15 points or more.
Method for specifying directionality of pathological process in mucinous gastric carcinoma / 2480771
In males with mucinous gastric carcinoma after a curative resection to the extent of gastrectomy, tumor tissue is analysed for the level of testosterone. If the tissue value is 7.8±0.6 ng/g, process generalisation within 6 to 12 months is predicted; the level of tissue testosterone 174.5±15.6 ng/g enables predicting the favourable clinical course of the process, prolongation of the patient's life.
Method for prediction of recurrent endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women / 2478959
Transvaginal echography in the patients suffering endometrial polyps is conducted to measure an M-echo thickness, mm, the presence of obesity (Ob), blood follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), IU/l, oestradiol (E2), pg/l; an insulin-resistance index is calculated by HOMA technique; a therapeutic strategy (ThStra) is taken into consideration; a probability of developing recurrent endometrial polyps (p) 1 year after the operation is determined by formula. If the probability exceeds 0.7, a high risk of recurrence is predicted. The probability falling within the range of 0.5 to 0.7 shows a moderate risk, while the probability of 0 to 0.5 shows a low risk.
Diagnostic technique for extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease / 2476892
Blood serum is examined for prolactin and folic acid, and if the prolactin level is 30.6 ng/ml and more, while the folic acid level is 8.7 ng/ml and lower, the extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease are diagnosed.
 Method for steroid profiling in dope test of sportsmen / 2467331
Invention refers to medicine, namely sports medicine, and may be used for steroid profiling in dope test of sportsmen. That is ensured by urine sample hydrolysis by a mixture of two enzymes: β-glucuronidase E.coli and arylsulphatase H.pomatia in volume ratio 1:1 to 1:3 in the presence of a citrated buffer solution and an internal standard. The hydrolysate is separated, derivatised that is followed by chromatic/mass-spectral analysis of the sample and recording of the derived results and stating the presence of endogenic steroids (ES). The ES value is determined in a sportsman for at least 10-15 times every 10-12 days. The analysis results are used to set minimum and maximum values of each of the derived ES. Said values are accepted to be a confidence range, and a steroid profile of the sportsman is drawn as a set of confidence ranges of all found ES.
Method of determining clinical effectiveness in cervical cancer / 2464576
One week after the termination of polychemotherapy, daily urine is examined for the amount of cortisol and cortisone, while blood is examined for adrenocorticotropic hormone. It is followed by calculating the relation of total cortisol and cortisone to adrenocorticotropic hormone. If the derived value is 0.74 and higher, high responsiveness to chemopreparations is stated.
Method for describing nature of arrested sexual development in boys in puberty with growth retardation / 2462720
Examination results are used to detect boys with the absence or insufficiency of blood concentrations of at least two of three hormones (luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, total testosterone) to be used for the clinical course of transcranial magnetic therapy. The concentration of all hormones are evaluated in 1-1.5 months, and if observing increase of the concentrations of at least two hormones, including testosterone by min. 25% from the initial values, a functional nature of arrested sexual development is stated. If observing no increase or increase of the concentrations of two hormones, including testosterone by max. 25% from the initial values, an organic nature of arrested sexual development is stated.
 Diagnostic technique for idiopathic nasal breathing irregularities in pregnant women / 2456604
Blood serum of a pregnant woman is examined for the oestradiol concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Observing the oestradiol concentrations exceeding normal values according to weeks of gestation in 1.4 times and more enables stating idiopathic nasal breathing irregularities accompanying a period of pregnancy.
 Diagnostic technique for patient's disposition to stargardt macular degeneration / 2504781
What is presented is a diagnostic technique for patient's disposition to Stargardt macular degeneration. Patient's skin fibroblasts are cultured and prepared by viral constructs carrying the genes Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4 under the control of CMV promotor. That is followed by the targeted fibroblast differentiation into retinal cells. Coding RNA of the gene ABCA4 is recovered from the retinal cells. If observing the delection in exon 39-41 of the gene ABCA4, patient's disposition to Stargardt macular degeneration is diagnosed.
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FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: blood serum of the younger patient suffering chronic prostatitis is examined for total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin to calculate a free testosterone index; high-density lipoproteins and triacylglycerides are determined, and an atherogenic index is calculated by formula. If the atherogenic index is <3.7, a high risk of the early development of atherosclerosis is predicted. EFFECT: using the declared method enables the more accurate prediction of the early development of atherosclerosis in the patients with chronic prostatitis. 1 tbl, 2 ex
The invention relates to medicine, namely cardiology, urology, and can be used to predict the risk of early development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic prostatitis. Chronic prostatitis is a common inflammatory disease of the genitals in men [1, 2]. The impact of this disease on quality of life comparable with myocardial infarction, angina, Crohn's disease, which causes a significant psychological and social problems in patients with prostate - men of working age [3, 4]. Early hormonal disorders in this category of patients lead to changes in lipid homeostasis in the form of increased atherogenic lipoprotein fractions and reduce the antiatherogenic potential of blood. This contributes to the early development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic prostatitis, which greatly increases the risk of such cardiovascular complications as myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. A known method for predicting atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries in women premenopausal age with clinical coronary heart disease, which consists in the fact that conduct discriminant analysis and are discriminant function coefficients of the independent variables. The independent variables are the risk factors: the arterial hypertension, anemia, gynecological diseases, hyperglycemia, cholelithiasis, Smoking, lipid disorders, pathological menopause, overweight and diseases of the thyroid gland. Assess each risk factor, solve function. When the value of the function more 1,710 predict the absence of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary vessels. However, this method has poor accuracy, as it does not predict the risk of early development of atherosclerosis, but only determines its absence in women who already have a clinic coronary heart disease [5]. A known method for predicting coronary atherosclerosis for the choice of tactics of treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease in clinical practice, namely, that performed multivariate analysis using 19 clinical and instrumental parameters, including the data of anamnesis, results of instrumental examination, the a priori probability of coronary heart disease and the amount of personal risk of cardiovascular events. Highlights important in neural network prediction of coronary atherosclerosis indicators: the stress tests, typical angina, myocardial infarction in history, electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, the a priori probability of coronary disease series is CA. Patients with positive screening model prediction of coronary atherosclerosis stand out in a group with a high probability of IHD who have shown the conducting of invasive research. The method has a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 55%. However, this method has poor accuracy, because the model is not included triacylglyceride and high-density lipoprotein, change the contents of which may increase the risk of atherosclerosis, and do not take into account the hormonal status of the patients [6]. As the prototype is taken a method for predicting the development of atherosclerosis using an index of atherogenic. This method is based on the determination of the component ratio of total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), calculated according to the formula (total cholesterol-HDL)/HDL. For realization of this method are investigated such parameters of lipid metabolism, as total cholesterol and cholesterol in the high density lipoprotein, which is the anti-atherogenic fraction of serum lipids. Normally, the atherogenic index from 2 to 2.5. If it is above the norm, then this suggests that the rate of development of atherosclerosis is increased, and with it the risk of complications such as myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke. However, this method has poor accuracy, because the e is taken into account, triglycerides, determining the primary atherogenic potential of the blood, and hormonal status of the patient, in particular, the content of testosterone, reduced which affects the growth of atherogenic potential of blood [7]. To improve the accuracy of risk prediction and early development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic prostatitis in serum to determine the levels of total testosterone, sexslazves globulin count index of free testosterone, determine the content of high density lipoprotein, triacylglycerides and calculate the ratio of atherogenic risk according to the formula K=(HDL/TAG)×EAST, where HDL - high density lipoprotein (mmol/l), TAG - triacylglyceride (mmol/l), EAST index of free testosterone. If the value of this indicator <3,7 predict a high risk of early development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic prostatitis. In the result, the method was achieved technical result in increasing the accuracy of predicting the risk of early development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic prostatitis. The method is as follows: In a patient with chronic prostatitis fasting investigate the serum content of total testosterone and sexslazves globulin and subsequent index calculation of free testosterone, and determining the level of Tria is illizarov. Before blood sampling of patients for three days to research a diet excluding animal fats. Within 12 hours prior to blood sampling, patients do not consume food, drink only plain water for 24 hours before analysis do not smoke, do not do heavy physical activity, including sports. On the morning of the study is the blood lipid spectrum to determine the serum level triacylglycerides and high density lipoprotein, and also examine the content of total testosterone and sexslazves globulin with index of free testosterone [8]. Upon receipt of the test results, calculate the ratio of atherogenic risk according to the formula K=(HDL/TAG)×EAST, where HDL - high density lipoprotein, TAG - triacylglyceride, EAST index of free testosterone. If the value of this indicator <3,7 predict a high risk of early development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic prostatitis. This indicator is integrated and reflects the increase in the atherogenic potential of the blood of patients with chronic prostatitis, mainly due to the decrease in the content of high density lipoprotein and increase in the content of triacylglycerides, in proportion to the decrease in free testosterone. This predskazuemaja the value of positive and negative financial p the Tata factor atherogenic risk exceeds the parameters of its constituent components - high density lipoprotein, triacylglycerides and index of free testosterone. This ratio works for people who do not have traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis and diseases of the cardiovascular system, which may affect components of the coefficient of atherogenic risk. The ratio allows us to stratify patients at high risk for early development of atherosclerosis and, therefore, to develop methods for primary prevention of early development of atherosclerosis in these patients. The results are interpreted as follows: A) When the value of the ratio (HDL/TAG)×EAST<3,7 predict a high risk of early development of atherosclerosis, is associated with a deficiency of male sex hormones (predskazuemaja the value of a positive result was 61%). B) When the value of the ratio (HDL/TAG)×EAST>3,7 predict a low risk of early development of atherosclerosis (predskazuemaja the value of a positive result was 71%) (table 1). This method for predicting early development of atherosclerosis developed on the basis of research conducted in 74 patients with chronic prostatitis youngest age group (according to the who classification), whose average age was 34.7±7.5 years, on the basis of urological departments goose KL City the clinical hospital №1 and NPH Railway clinical hospital at the station 2 cheat. All patients in addition to clinical examination was carried out the clinical evaluation of traditional risk factors, conducting ECG-Holter monitoring, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Echocardiography to exclude a pathology of the cardiovascular system. In the serum was determined levels of total testosterone, sexslazves globulin with index of free testosterone were studied in the content of high density lipoprotein and triacylglycerides. To assess the predictive capabilities of all statistically significant study parameters were calculated test predskazuema value of a positive result (PZPR) and predskazuema value of a negative result (PCOR). - PCP - the proportion of patients with a high level triacylglycerides, reduced content of high density lipoprotein and low index of free testosterone in patients who have low levels of total testosterone; - PCOR - the proportion of patients with normal level triacylglycerides, high density lipoprotein and an index of free testosterone among persons with normal content of total testosterone. In patients with chronic prostatitis predskazuemaja the value of a positive result was 76%, and predskazuemaja value of the negative result is 64%.
Clinical example No. 1. Patient M, 36 years. From the anamnesis of life: not burdened heredity, hypertension, overweight no, not the smoker. Thus, traditional risk factors patient does not have. However, it is found that the patient within 10 years, suffering from chronic prostatitis, acute exacerbation 1-2 times per year. The urologist does not occur regularly. When collecting complaints found that a year before this admission, the patient appeared clinical signs of hypogonadism - excessive sweating, frequent fatigue, irritability, anxiety, decreased quantity and quality of erection, libido decrease. On this occasion, for m the medical advice did not apply. In the study of lipid profile and hormonal status were revealed changes in the form of improving triacylglycerides - 2.6 mmol/l, reduced HDL - of 0.91 mmol/l and index of free testosterone - 3,41 nmol/l On the basis of available indicators was calculated ratio of atherogenic risk - 1,19 (high risk of early atherosclerosis). Ultrasonography of the brachial artery measured the thickness of the intima-media - 0,53 mm, the Patient was recommended lipid-lowering therapy and consultation of the endocrinologist for the appointment of hormonesensitive therapy testosterone. Again, the patient was examined after 4 years. Clarified that the recommendations given at the previous examination, the patient was not observed, the testosterone is not received. Contents triacylglycerides serum was 2.4 mmol/l, HDL 0.9 mmol/l, index, free testosterone - to 3.64. The ratio of atherogenic risk amounted to 1.36 (high risk of early atherosclerosis). Ultrasound thickness intima-media complex was 0.68, which indicates the growing atherosclerotic changes in the vascular wall. Clinical example 2. Patient P, 38 years have passed clinical supervision of a urologist. History - during the 8 years suffer from chronic prostate is is on this occasion regularly examined at the urologist. Exacerbation of chronic prostatitis 1 every 2-3 years, is undergoing a course of antibiotic therapy, prostate massage, physiotherapy. Complaints of the cardiovascular system. Heredity is not burdened, arterial hypertension, no, the patient does not smoke. Clinical signs of hypogonadism no. In the study of lipid content triacilglycerides was 1.4 mmol/l, HDL 1.3 mmol/l in the study of hormonal status index, free testosterone was 11,37 nmol/l Ratio of atherogenic risk - 10,55 (low risk of early atherosclerosis). The thickness of the intima-media complex was 0,54 mm At the second consultation after 4 years, the patient has no complaints, clinical signs of hypogonadism is still there. When calculating the ratio of atherogenic risk amounted 10,26 (low risk of early atherosclerosis). The thickness of the intima-media amounted to 0.56 mm and did not differ significantly from its initial value, the risk of early atherosclerosis development is low. Literature 1. Schetinin V., Zotov E.A. Prostatitis. - M.: Medicine, 2003. - 488 S. 2. V.V. Chebotarev, Kulagina L.M. Diagnosis of chronic retrogenes prostatitis // News, dermatology and venereology. - 1992. No. 7. - Pp.62-64. 3. Stepanski A.B., Popov S.V., Mutag the D. M. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis // Consilium medicum. - 2003, volume 5, No. 7:396-401. 4. Egan K.J., J.N. Krieger Psychlogical factors in chronic painful prostatitis syndrome / / Clin. J. Pain. - 1994. - Vol.10. - P.218-225. 5. Pat. 2285451 Russian Federation, IPC AB 10/00. A method for predicting atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries in women premenopausal age with clinical coronary heart disease / Vardugina Nadezhda G. No. 2004125115/14; Appl. 16.08.2004; publ. 20.10.2006. 6. Nyquist E.V., Gridnev V.I., dovgalevskii PA, Bespyatov A.B. Prediction of coronary atherosclerosis for the choice of tactics of treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease in clinical practice // Cardiology. - 2004. No. 3. - P.15-19. 7. Klimov A.N., Nikulicheva N.G. Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins and its disorders. - SPb: Peter Kom, 1999. - 512 S. 8. Manual of laboratory diagnostic methods. - M.: GEOTAR - Media, 2009. - 800 C. A method for predicting the risk of early development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic prostatitis young age group, including the determination of the level of high density lipoprotein in the serum, characterized in that it further defines the content of triacylglycerides in serum, examine the contents of total testosterone and sexslazves globulin in the serum, calculate index of free testosterone and calculated ratios is NT atherogenic risk according to the formula K=(HDL/TAG)×EAST, where HDL - high density lipoprotein, TAG - triacylglyceride, EAST index, free testosterone, and if the value of the coefficient of atherogenic risk <3,7 predict a high risk of early atherosclerosis development.
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