Apparatus for electrolysis of water under pressure and method for operation thereof. RU patent 2508419.

IPC classes for russian patent Apparatus for electrolysis of water under pressure and method for operation thereof. RU patent 2508419. (RU 2508419):

C25B1/12 - ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR

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FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to an apparatus for electrolysis of water under pressure, which consists of an electrolysis cell with a water feed line connected to a supply unit, which is electrically connected to a control unit, receivers connected to the electrolysis cell through hydrogen and oxygen lines for accumulating hydrogen and oxygen, said receivers being fitted with hydrogen and oxygen pressure sensors, electrically connected to the control unit, valves for releasing hydrogen and oxygen from the apparatus fitted on the hydrogen and oxygen lines; each receiver is equipped with a water filling line, a water draining line and a sensor for measuring the amount of water, wherein the water filling and draining lines are fitted with valves, and the sensor for measuring the amount of water and the valves on the water draining lines are electrically connected to the control unit. The invention also relates to a method of operating the apparatus for electrolysis of water under pressure, which involves feeding water and electric current to the electrolysis cell, accumulating hydrogen and oxygen in the receivers, monitoring process parameters, levelling gas pressure and delivering the obtained gases to a consumer, wherein before the beginning of the operating cycle, the hydrogen and oxygen receivers are filled with water in amount of 15% to 30% of the volume of the corresponding receiver, and during operation, the amount of water is controlled, hydrogen and oxygen pressure is recorded and if the pressure drop of hydrogen and oxygen exceeds an allowable value, water is drained from that receiver where gas pressure is higher until pressure in the receivers levels.

EFFECT: increasing cost-effectiveness of the apparatus by 15-20% by preventing loss of gases, high safety of operation by eliminating the possibility of mixing gases.

3 cl, 1 dwg

The invention relates to electrochemistry, and can be used in the electrolytic installations of working under pressure and containing receivers for accumulation of working gases.

Electrolysis elements of these plants contain thin membrane on the surface of which there is an electrochemical reaction. These membranes under the terms of the strength operate at gas pressure differential of not more than several dozens kPa, which requires a special leveling the pressure of working gases during operation of electrolytic installations.

Known electrolysis units in which exploitation balance the pressures of the gases produced by the issue of installation of gas pressure is higher. For this installation provided with the relevant valves (patents of Russian Federation №2111285, 20.05.1998, IPC: 25 1/12; №2102535, 20.01.1998, IPC: 25 1/12; application JP 2006249496 (A), 14.09.2006, IPC: 04 7/26 (2006.01); 04 1/00 (2006.01); H04Q 7/38 (2006.01)). However, if produced gases - hydrogen and oxygen - accumulate in your own receivers electrolytic installations, this method of regulation leads to a loss of gases, i.e. reduces the system's efficiency.

Known as electrolysis units, in which the pressure equalization is made by using the electrolytic cells separators as communicating vessels (for example, the EP 2014799 (A1), 14.01.2009, IPC: 25 1/12 (2006.01), 25 15/08 (2006.01), RF patent №2219291, 20.12. 2003, the IPC: 25 1/04 (2006.01)). Separators in the amount of two pieces are part of the cell and designed for separation of the gas - hydrogen or oxygen - of a mixture of gas and water coming out of the battery electrolytic cells. The water in the lower part of separators under the action of the differential pressure gas can flow from one separator in the other, thus offsetting the pressure drop. The disadvantage of these inventions is that when a large pressure differential or seal failure of any highway all the water can go into one separator, and then mix of hydrogen and oxygen to produce detonating gas. Thus, the operation of such electrolysis is not safe.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a system of equalization of pressure in the electrolyzer and according to the patent US 7097748 (B2), 29.08.2006, IPC: 25 9/20 (2006.01), 01 8/06 (2006.01), 01 8/18 (2006.01), 25 1/08 (2006.01)chosen for the prototype.

In the patent described installation of the electrolysis of water under pressure, which includes cell line, with a water supply that is connected to the power unit, which is electrically connected to the control unit, are connected to electrolysis along the lines of hydrogen and oxygen two receivers for storage of the reaction of the water and the parts of hydrogen and oxygen with mounted pressure sensors of hydrogen and oxygen, the battery gas for storage of other parts of hydrogen and oxygen, valves issuance of hydrogen and oxygen from plants located on the lines of hydrogen and oxygen, differential pressure regulator in the lines of hydrogen and oxygen. Water is fed into the cell pumps of one or two receivers. Prototype method of operation of the electrolytic installations under pressure consists in the supply of water and electric current in the cell, the accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen in the receivers, control of parameters of the process, the alignment of the pressures of gases and subsequent extradition received gas consumer. Balance the pressures of the gases in the pot installation is by communicating on water vessels, pressure regulator gases and flexible partitions between hydrogen and oxygen inside the battery. Communicating on water vessels receivers formed line of water connecting each receivers and intended for the compensation levels of water in the receivers. Water can flow between receivers by gravity or by using the alignment of the pump. Pressure compensation occurs at the expense of change of volumes of receivers by moving water from the receiver with high pressure in the receiver with lower pressure.

Pressure regulator gases, based on a release of gas at a higher pressure. With the release of part of the gas line with high blood pressure pressure is balanced.

Flexible partition between hydrogen and oxygen inside the battery at a pressure differential changes its position and thereby changes the ratio of volumes of gases and equalizes the pressure of gases.

Disadvantages of the electrolytic installations and method of its operation are:

- availability of connecting water vessels, as in counterparts, which may lead to a situation when a large pressure differential or seal failure of any highway all the water can go to one receiver, and then mix of hydrogen and oxygen to form explosive mixtures. This is especially likely that the installation of missing sensors amount of water receivers;

- loss of hydrogen or oxygen, by the Governor of gas pressure (for example, to install from the pressure of 35 MPa loss of gas due to the uneven growth of compressive stress is 15-20% gas);

- the possibility of an explosion produced detonating gas in case of damage flexible partitions used in the battery gases and separating explosive gases - hydrogen and oxygen, are at high pressure.

The task of the invention consists in the elimination of these deficiencies prototype and that, in the process of operation of the installation for water electrolysis, the accumulation of gases in their own receivers installation producing alignment pressures of gases by changing the gas volumes receivers through a managed drain of them in advance of flooded water.

Effect : enhanced efficiency of the installation by 15-20% due to elimination of losses gases, as well as improving the safety of its operation, by eliminating the possibility of mixing of gases.

The technical result is achieved by the installation of the electrolysis of water under pressure, consisting of the cell line, with a water supply that is connected to the power unit, which is electrically connected to the control unit, are connected to electrolysis along the lines of hydrogen and oxygen receivers for the accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen with mounted pressure sensors of hydrogen and oxygen, electrically connected to the control unit, valve issuance of hydrogen and oxygen from the installation, located on the lines of hydrogen and oxygen, each receiver is equipped with a line of filling of water, water drain line and sensor quantity of water, on the lines of filling and draining of water with valves and sensors amount of water valves and lines the water drain are electrically connected to the control unit.

In addition, one of the receivers equipped with line supply of water in the cell with a valve, electrically connected to the control unit, the electrolyzer is located on the level below this receiver.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of operation of installations for the electrolysis of water under pressure, consisting in the supply of water and electric current in the cell, the hydrogen accumulation and oxygen, receivers, control of parameters of the process, the alignment of the pressures of gases and subsequent extradition received gas consumer, before beginning the work cycle reservoir of hydrogen and oxygen filled with water from 15% to 30% of the length of the receiver, and in the process controls the amount of water in the receivers, register pressure of hydrogen and oxygen in the respective receivers and in case of exceeding of the permissible differential pressure of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water drain from the receiver, where the gas pressure above, to equalize the pressure in receivers.

The invention is illustrated by a drawing, which presents the design of the proposed installation of the electrolysis of water under pressure.

It includes the electrolytic cell 1 with a line of water supply 6 connected to the power supply unit 24, which is electrically connected to the control unit 9, connected to electrolysis 1 according to the lines of 4 hydrogen and oxygen 5 receivers for the accumulation of 2 hydrogen and oxygen 3 with mounted pressure sensors hydrogen 7 and oxygen 8, electrically connected with the control unit 9, valves issuance of hydrogen 10 and 11 of oxygen installation, located on the lines of 4 hydrogen and oxygen 5. Each receiver 2 and 3 is equipped with a line of filling of water 12 and 13, water drain line 16 and 17 and the sensor quantity of water 20 and 21, on the lines of filling of water 12 and 13 with valves 14 and 15, respectively, the water drain lines 16 and 17 with valves 18 and 19 respectively, and sensors amount of water 20, 21 and valves 18, 19 are electrically connected to the control unit. Power supply cell 1 and the control unit 9 is made from the power supply unit 24. Pressure sensors 7 and 8, sensors amount of water 20 and 21, as well as valves 18, 19, 23 connected electrically with actuator controls 9. Valves 10, 11, 14, 15 are operated manually.

The installation may contain one or two independent lines for water supply into the electrolytic cell 1. Preferred is to supply water from the receiver hydrogen 2 on line 22 valve 23. In addition, the water supply in the electrolytic cell 1 may be made from the external highway to the water supply line 6.

Installation works as follows.

Before beginning the work cycle electrolytic cell 1, control unit 9 and the power supply unit 24 off, all valves closed, excess gas pressure in receivers 2 and 3 small or missing, the water in them is absent or present in small numbers. The total volume of the receiver hydrogen 2, together with the line of hydrogen 4 must be greater than the total volume of the receiver oxygen 3, together with the line of oxygen 5 roughly one half, because the proportion allocated volumes of gases in the electrolysis of water.

Cycle begins with included power supply, 24 and control unit 9. Then manually open valves 14 and 15. Receivers 2 and 3 are beginning to take water from lines 12 and 13. The amount of water in each receiver after refuelling should be 15 to 30% of the length of the receiver. The amount of water in the receivers 2 and 3 are controlled by sensors amount of water 20 and 21 respectively and control 9. After filling the water valves 14 and 15 cover.

Then enabling it to supply water in the electrolytic cell 1 on line 22 (preferably) or in-line 6 and is included electrolyzer power supply 1 power supply unit 24. The hydrogen line 4 begins filling the receiver 2, and the oxygen line 5 receiver 3. Pressure in the lines of hydrogen and oxygen is measured by pressure sensors 7 and 8 respectively, and associated control unit 9.

Due to the compression coupling heterogeneous gases between pressure in receivers 2 and 3, there is a difference of pressures that can come close to the speed limit. This limit is determined by the strength of elements of the cell and is usually about 50 kPa. If you reach this limit control unit 9 opens the valve and discharge of water from the receiver, in which pressure more. If the pressure in the receiver 2 higher than the pressure in the receiver 3, the valve opens 18 and the water from the receiver 2 drained from the installation on line 16. As soon as the pressure in the receivers will be equal, control unit 9 closes the valve 18. Similarly, if the pressure in the receiver 3 higher than the pressure in the receiver 2, valve opens 19 and water from the receiver 3 drained from the installation on line 17. In the process of work is constantly controlled by the amount of water in the receivers 2 and 3 with the help of sensors of water quantity 20 and 21. If the water in any of the receivers ends, electrolytic cell 1 at the command of the control unit 9 off. If the gas pressure in receivers for pressure sensors 7 or 8 reaches the maximum allowable, electrolytic cell 1 also turns off. Process control sink of water are such that by the time of reaching the limit pressure in one of the receivers, usually in the receiver hydrogen, leave a minimal amount of water. To drain too tucked water can simultaneously open both valves 18 and 19.

The amount of the original filled water dependent on the ultimate pressure of gases and accurate ratio of volumes of the receivers. For real (nonideal gases calculation shows that the pressure of hydrogen by electrolysis is growing faster than the oxygen pressure. When the ratio of the volumes of receivers 2:1 and achieving the pressure of hydrogen, for example, 35 MPa pressure of oxygen will amount to 30 MPa, i.e. for leveling the pressure needed to get to this moment in the receiver oxygen remained volume of water equal to 16% from volume of the receiver, and the receiver of hydrogen water should be drained completely. If the ratio of the receivers other than 2:1, for example to 2.3:1, amount of fusion of both receivers water by the end of the process will be approximately equal. Therefore, the exact number of filled in the reservoir water is established in the process of testing your installation.

Water, from one of the receivers, it is advisable, though not required, to use in the cell to generate gas. This greatly simplifies the scheme of water supply, as receivers and electrolyzer are under the same pressure. To implement this scheme, the cell must be below the water level in the receiver, and the installation must be fitted with a water supply line 22 in the electrolytic cell 1 with valve 23, associated with actuator controls 9. For production of hydrogen and oxygen with a maximum pressure of 35 MPa in one cycle of work of the electrolysis required amount of water equal to 25% of volume of the receiver and hydrogen. Therefore, it is advisable to fill the reservoir few more, for example 30% water, and in the process most of the water feeding into the cell from the receiver and hydrogen, and the rest of the water used for precise pressure control.

Valves 10 and 11 are used for the issuance of hydrogen and oxygen to external customers.

Structurally line 12 and valve 14 can be combined with the line, 16 valve, 18, and line 13 and valve 15 with line 17 and valve 19.

As the sensors of water quantity 20 and 21 may be used level sensors of any type or weight sensors in the pillars of the receivers.

1. Installation of the electrolysis of water under pressure, consisting of the cell line, with a water supply that is connected to the power unit, which is electrically connected to the control unit, are connected to electrolysis along the lines of hydrogen and oxygen receivers for the accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen with mounted pressure sensors of hydrogen and oxygen, electrically connected to the control unit, valve issuance of hydrogen and oxygen from the installation, located on the lines of hydrogen and oxygen, characterized in that the receiver is equipped with a line of filling of water, water drain line to the sensor, the amount of water, on the lines of filling and draining of water with valves and sensors amount of water valves and lines the water drain are electrically connected to the control unit.

2. Installation according to claim 1, wherein the one of receivers supplied with line supply of water in the cell with a valve, electrically connected to the control unit, the electrolyzer is located on the level below this receiver.

3. Method of operation of installations for the electrolysis of water under pressure, consisting in the supply of water and electric current in the cell, the accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen in the receivers, control of parameters of the process, the alignment of the pressures of gases and subsequent extradition received gas consumer, characterized in that before the beginning of the cycle of the reservoir of hydrogen and oxygen fill water from 15% to 30% of the length of the receiver, and in the process controls the amount of water in the receivers, register pressure of hydrogen and oxygen in the respective receivers and in case of exceeding of the permissible differential pressure of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water drain from the receiver, where the gas pressure above, to equalize the pressure in receivers.