Feed triticale grain flakes production method. RU patent 2504209.

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to feedstuff industry. The feed triticale grain flakes production method involves impurities removal from grains, grains soaking in water at a temperature of 18-20°C during 34 hours till grains moisture content is equal to 38-40% and grains drying with infrared rays. The said drying is performed at wave length amounting to 0.9-1.1 mcm with radiant flux density equal to 12-14 kW/m² during 2.5-3.0 minutes till moisture content is equal to 30-32%. Then grains are treated with infrared rays at wave length amounting to 0.9-1.1 mcm with radiant flux density equal to 18-20 kW/m² during 100-110 sec till the grains temperature is equal to 160-170°C. Grains are flattened into 0.6-0.7 mm thick flakes.

EFFECT: high yield and high feed and biological value of the ready product.

5 ex

The invention relates to the feed industry and, in particular, is intended for the production of feed product of fodder grain triticale in the form of flakes.

A method of producing the product, ready-to-use, providing feedstock cleaning from impurities and dust, calibration of grain to the same size, the processing of direct steam with pressure of 1.5 to 4.0 kg/cm 2 and temperature from 100 to 300 C and flattening the roll crusher with the form of flakes, which are dried up to a humidity of 10%. Cleaning is performed by collapse or polishing grain, air aspiration and washing water at ambient temperature [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the low yield of the product and its low quality.

Closest to the proposed method to the technical nature and achieved the effect is how a product is produced, ready-to-use, providing clean grain from impurities, handling its infrared within 20-30 with up to a moisture content of 6-8%, not allowing drying and roasted beans, and directly after IR treatment bumping it into flakes thickness 1,0-1,2 mm [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the low yield and poor quality of the finished product due IR triticale grain processing in the dry state, resulting in the lack of destruction starch processing of IR-rays and , as well as a large amount of chips. In addition, the resulting finished product has a low biological value, as this method of treatment does not reduce the activity inhibitor of tripsin triticale grain, are serious factor.

The objective of the invention is to increase output, improve the quality and biological value of the finished product.

The task is achieved by the fact that the production of fodder product, which includes the cleaning of the triticale grain from impurities, soaking of the grain drying infrared rays, processing infrared followed by in cereals, the difference is that grain drying infrared rays produced at a wavelength of 0.9-1.1 microns and radiant flux density 12-14 kW/m 2 for 2,5-3,0 min to the humidity of 30-32%, processing of a grain of infrared rays is at a wavelength of 0.9-1.1 microns and density radiant flux 18-20 kW/m 2 for 100-110 C to achieve grain temperature 160-170°followed by in hot cereal with thickness of 0,6-0,7 mm grain Drying is preceded by soaking it in water at a temperature of 18-20 OC for 34 hours to a moisture 38-40%.

The technical result consists in obtaining a finished product, with a large output, which has a high nutritional and biological value; the resulting product is of better quality and better assimilated by the organism of animals.

Soaking of the grain in water is carried out with air-water method, which includes the change of water, washing of grain aeration air, suppression of microflora by adding chlorine. Soaking in water is necessary both for the flow in the future at the infrared processing of destructive processes (gelatinization and starch in grain and inactivation of trypsin inhibitors. When soaking grain creeping upon happens and deep restructuring of the total enzyme complex, accompanied by the complete inactivation of proteinase activity. In addition, damp grain becomes more ductile.

The choice of temperature soaking 18-20°With a result of its good absorption of water grain at a given temperature. At a temperature of less than 18 C. grain longer absorb water. At temperatures more than 20 degrees With additional spending for heating water and very microflora develops on the grain.

Soaking for 34 hours ensures the achievement of grain humidity 38-40%, and the inactivation of trypsin inhibitors. When soaking of the grain less than 34 hours they have not reached the necessary humidity 38%, trypsin inhibitors partially retain its activity. When soaking of the grain more than 34 hours it to more than 40%humidity, and can begin to germinate.

Drying of grain after soaking is necessary to prevent caking of grain with high moisture, and for a more even distribution of wet grain on a conveyor belt before heavy IR heating, which in turn prevents the appearance of charred grain triticale.

Grain drying is infrared. Slow IR heating of grain, it is the gradual drying. Moisture contained in the grain removed without breaking grain structure. Heating rate depends on the density of the incident flux of infrared radiation; the greater the density of the incident flux, the higher the rate of heating of grain.

Drying of grain triticale occurs at a wavelength of infrared rays of 0.9-1.1 microns and density of the incident flux 12-14 kW/m 2 for 2,5-3,0 minutes as A result of the humidity of the grain is reduced to 30-32%. Grain is heated to a temperature of 45-50°N

IR-radiation with a wavelength of less than 0.9 micron and radiant flux density less than 12 kW/m 2 is very low heat grain, which significantly prolongs the process of drying time. When IR irradiation with wavelengths of more than 1.1 microns and radiant flux density over 14 kW/m 2 start the processes of structural change of grain and charring of individual grains.

Processing time of 2.5-3.0 min stipulated by the necessity of evaporation of water from feed grains and heating it to a temperature of drying 45-50°N Treated for less than 2,5 min grain drying't and treated for more than 3.0 min grain begins to overheat and overly fry.

At a temperature of drying of grain more than 50 C unreasonable increase of energy consumption, begins the process of roasting individual grains. At temperatures below 45 C drying the grain runs very slow.

Final moisture after drying 30-32% provides the amount of water in the grain, which is necessary for participation in the process of expansion, as well as for the destruction of the structure of the triticale grain ( and starch gelatinization) further infrared processing and . If the humidity is less than 30%, the destructive processes in the grain flow is less intensive and the quality of the final product turns out low. When the humidity is more than 32% of grain cake and can germinate, in addition, it significantly increases the energy costs associated with the infrared processing and into flakes.

Use for thermal processing of grain and short-wave infrared radiation of 0.9-1.1 microns corresponds to the maximum absorption of the energy of the water molecules and hydroxyl group-HE, the use of the radiant flux density 18-20 kW/m 2 can warm up grain simultaneously throughout the volume. Because of this intensely heated located in the grain moisture, which leads to increase the internal pressure of the vapor environment in grain and «heaving» of the latter.

IR-radiation with a wavelength of less than 0.9 micron and radiant flux density less than 18 kW/m 2 significant destruction of enzymes and vitamins, which reduces the nutritive value of product. When using radiant flux with the wave length of more than 1.1 microns and radiant flux density of more than 20 kW/m large part of radiant flux is absorbed by the surface layers of the grain, which results in a considerable overheating and, as a consequence, the charring on.

Heating of grain up to the temperature of 160-170°C is required for The evaporation of a part of the combined moisture and calls the appropriate destruction of the structure of grain and starch granules, degradation of starch up to 13-15% with the formation of products - dextrins, increase of content of water-soluble substances in triticale grain up to 18-20%. The moisture content of the grain is reduced to 12-13%. The grain becomes porous structure with bulk weight 380-420 g/l at 550-600 g/l the original.

When processing the grain to a temperature of 160 C insufficient starch, slightly increasing the number of water-soluble substances, therefore the product has a low quality. When processing infrared grain to a temperature of more than 170 C it Faer.

Processing time 100-110 with due to the need of heating of grain up to the set temperature. When processing of grain in less than 100 C it happens necessary biochemical changes. When processing of grain for more than 110 with it Faer.

Grain they are pressing on in a hot condition with temperature 150-160°, decreased after IR treatment caused by free air convection.

Bumping the grain at a temperature of 150-160 OC and the humidity of 12-13% is due to the presence of starch, having the character of the gel. Grain the plastically, starch granules associated molecular threads that informs gel certain durability, which increases as the cooling of grain after conditioning.

At a temperature of grain less than 150 C and humidity less than 12% it does not possess sufficient ductility and, as a consequence of this, a lot of crumbs when , resulting in reduced yield of the final product.

When grain with a moisture content exceeding 13% of the finished product (flakes) is unstable for storage and requires additional drying. At a temperature of 160 C intensifies the evaporation of fodder grain, which leads to increase its fragility when .

When the thickness of the flakes 0.6-0.7 mm in output of final product is 95-97% with high quality indicators flakes.

When grain flakes with a thickness of 0.6 mm produced a lot of crumbs, which reduces the yield of the final product. When grain cereals thickness 0.7 mm decreases the quality of the finished product due to its lack of .

The method is as follows.

Example 1. Triticale grain humidity of 12% they are cleaned, soaked 34 hours when water temperature is 18 C. to a moisture content of 38%, dried infrared wavelength of 0.9 micron and radiant flux density of 12 kW/m 2 for 2.5 minutes before humidity 32%, subjected to infrared processing at a wavelength of 0.9 micron and density of radiation flux 18 kW/m2 for 100 C. the Temperature inside the grain reaches 160 degrees C. Then the grain they are pressing on the rolls into flakes thickness 0.6 mm

The output of cereals is 95%and the number of dextrins - 13,0%, content of water-soluble substances - by 18.2%, the bulk of cereal - 190 g/HP Happens inactivation inhibitor of tripsin.

Example 2. Triticale grain 13% humidity they are cleaned, soaked 34 hours at a water temperature of 19 degrees C to humidity 39%, dried infrared wavelength 1.0 microns and density of radiation flux 13 kW/m 2 for a period of 2.8 minutes before humidity 31%, subjected to infrared processing at a wavelength of 1.0 microns and radiant flux density 19 kW/m 2 for 105 C. the Temperature inside the grain reaches 165°N Then the grain they are pressing on the rolls into flakes thickness 0.6 mm

The output of cereals is 96%, the number of dextrins - 14,0%, content of water-soluble substances - 19,0%, bulk density of flakes is 180 g/L. Happens inactivation inhibitor of tripsin.

Example 3. Triticale grain moisture 14% they are cleaned, soaked 34 hours at a water temperature of 20 C to 40%humidity, dry infrared wavelength 1.1 microns and radiant flux density 14 kW/m for 3.0 min to a moisture content of 30%, subject to the infrared processing at a wavelength of 1.1 microns and radiant flux density of 20 kW/m 2 for 110 C. The temperature inside the grain reaches 170 degrees C. Then the grain they are pressing on the rolls of the flakes with a thickness of 0.7 mm

The output of cereals is 97%, the number of dextrins - 15,0%, the content of water-soluble substances by 20.0%, the bulk of cereal - 170 g/HP Happens inactivation inhibitor of tripsin.

For the proof of optimality proposed in the formula of the invention of the parameters of additional researches with the use of transcendent values.

Example 4. Triticale grain moisture 11% they are cleaned, soaked 33 hours at a water temperature of 17 C to a moisture content of 37%, dried infrared wavelength 0.8 microns and radiant flux density of 11 kW/m in 2.0 min to humidity 34%, subjected to infrared processing at a wavelength of 0.8 mm and density of radiation flux 17 kW/m 2 for 90 C. the Temperature inside the grain reaches 140 degrees C. Then the grain they are pressing on the rolls in the flakes of a thickness of 0.5 mm

The output of cereals is 94%, the number of dextrins and 11.0%, content of water-soluble substances and 16.0%, the bulk of cereal - 210 g/HP There is a partial inactivation inhibitor of tripsin.

Example 5. Triticale grain moisture content of 15% is cleaned of impurities, soaked 35 hours when water temperature is 21 degrees Celsius to a moisture content of 42%, dried infrared rays with a wavelength of 1.2 m and density of radiation flux 15 kW/m 2 for 3.5 minutes before humidity 28%, subjected to infrared processing at a wavelength of 1.2 m and density of radiation flux 21 kW/m2 for up to 120 C. the Temperature inside the grain reaches 190°C. Then the grain they are pressing on the rolls of the flakes with a thickness of 0.8 mm

The output of cereals is 85%, the number of dextrins and 16.0%, content of water-soluble substances - 22,0%, bulk density of flakes is 180 g/L. Happens inactivation inhibitor of tripsin.

Thus, use of the operating parameters for example 4 reduced the output of cereals, decreases the quantity of dextrines, water-soluble substances, increases the bulk of flakes, at the same time, the realization way of example 5 allows to increase the number dextrins and water-soluble substances, reduce the bulk weight of cereals, it is due Faer grain, resulting in decreased output of cereals. As in example 4 example 5 is inactivation inhibitor of tripsin.

Therefore, the use of the invention, in comparison with the prototype allows to increase the yield of cereals up to 95-97%, increase the value of the finished product by increasing the number of dextrins with a 1.5-2.0% up to 13-15%, increase of content of water-soluble substances up to 18-20%, reducing the bulk weight of cereals up to 26%, reducing the thickness of the flakes with 1,0-1,2 mm up to 0.6-0.7 mm In the result of the finished product is better absorbed. In addition, the invention allows to completely inactivate the trypsin inhibitors, thereby feed product becomes biologically more full.

Sources of information

1. 1, 115, 513. Rye flakes, A. Heyman A.B. April, 1966 [24 May, 1965] no 21976/65 Heading A2Q, A23L 1/10.

2. UK application no 1311066, 1973, №4382, A2Q, A23L 1/10.

Method of production of flakes from feed grain triticale, including cleaning of grain from impurities, soaking of the grain, grain drying infrared rays, handling its infrared followed by in cereals, wherein the soaking of the grain in water is carried out at a temperature of 18-20 OC for 34 hours before achievement of grain humidity 38-40%, grain drying infrared performed at a wavelength of 0.9-1.1 microns and density radiant flux 12-14 kW/m 2 for 2,5-3,0 min to the humidity of 30-32%, grain processing infrared carried out at a wavelength of 0.9-1.1 microns and radiant flux density 18-20 kW/m 2 for 100-110 C to achieve grain temperature 160-170°followed by in flakes with thickness of 0,6-0,7 mm