Method and system for radio frequency identification and location of railway transport

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to railway traffic organization and management. Method of radio frequency identification and location consists in arranging at least two RF marks. First mark is located at approach to stop while second mark is located at said stop. Besides, extra RF marks shifted relative to each other are located on both sides of the track. System for implementation of said method comprises two RF marks at every track section, control device and reader. Said system is equipped with extra RF marks and data acquisition and processing station.

EFFECT: expanded operating performances.

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The proposed method and system relate to the field of organization and management of traffic on the Railways and are intended for the identification of RF tags placed on the route of the railway transport.

Known methods and systems for radio frequency identification and positioning of railway transport (ed. mon. The USSR No. 457.030, 498.197, 931.515, 977.251; RF patents №№2.054.694, 2.189.599, 2.191.127, 2.203.821, 2.222.030, 2.314.956, 2.314.957, 2.346. 840, 2.397.094, 2.408.026; U.S. patent No. 3.771.119, 4.551.725, 4.739.328, 6.903.656, 7.072.747; patent of great Britain No. 1.024.735, 2.093.593; patent EP No. 0.593.910, 1.112.207 and others).

Known methods and systems most similar to the proposed are a Method and system of sighting stop rail vehicles" (patent RF №2.397.094, B61L 25/00, 2009), which is selected as prototypes.

The known method and system of sighting stop railway vehicles based on the use of radio frequency identification technology, which is consistent reading and information processing, at least two passive RF tags located on the route of a rail vehicle, with the first label is at the entrance, for example, to the platform, and the second is located at the end section of the route in the stop position, for example,at the end of the platform. The technical result consists in providing accurate (sighting) braking of trains.

However, the known technical solutions do not fully realize their potential. They can be used to measure speed, distance traveled and determine the direction and location of high-speed railway vehicles.

An object of the invention is to expand the functional capabilities of the known technical solutions by measuring speed, distance traveled and determine the direction and location of high-speed railway vehicles.

The problem is solved in that a method of radio frequency identification and positioning of rail transport consisting in the fact that each section of railway track at the entrance to place a stop for each direction of movement, have at least two RFID tags, the first tag is placed at the entrance to the plot stops, and the second is placed in the stop position, and a control device located on the rail vehicle, process the information coming from the device measuring the speed and through a radio frequency reader with the first RFID tags located on the section of the railway is on the road at the entrance to the place stop at a certain distance from the second RFID tags on this section of road and produce a control signal for the brake system of a rail vehicle, which carries on a predetermined law of the braking process so that by the time the railway vehicle of the second RFID tags speed railway vehicle would be close to zero and stop the train of the vehicle is performed by the signal received by the RF reader and the second RFID tags, the characteristics of the section of the route to the stop code in the first radio frequency tag, and the information of the second RFID tags are logically associated with the first information tag that differs from the closest analogue of the fact that the route of a rail vehicle on both sides railway impose additional RFID tags with a shift relative to each other, in the radio frequency reader to form three harmonic oscillations with frequencies w₁, w₂and w₃accordingly, increase their power and emit aired three transmitting antennas, respectively, with a harmonic oscillation with frequency w₁irradiate the first and second RFID tags at the entrance of the railway vehicle to me is the stop and the other two harmonic oscillations with frequencies w₂and w₃irradiated additional RFID tags that are located left and right of the railroad tracks, respectively, agree to the above harmonic oscillations with RFID tags that are configured on the appropriate frequency, each radio-frequency tag harmonic oscillation is converted into an acoustic wave, ensure its distribution over the surface of piezocrystal and reverse reflection, converts the reflected acoustic wave in a complex signal with phase shift keying, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, re-emit it in the air, catching it by the receiver of the reader, multiply and divide the phase of the received complex signal with phase shift keying two, emit harmonic oscillation and use it as the reference voltage for synchronous detection of the received complex signal with phase shift keying, emit low-frequency voltage corresponding to the structure of the interdigital transducer, a complex signal with phase shift keying, adopted by the third receiver, Peremohy with a complex signal with phase shift keying, adopted by the second receiver and passed through the first adjustable delay unit, emit low-frequency e.g. the provision, forming a first mutual correlation function R₁(τ), where τ is the current time delay, delay variation τ maintain the first mutual-correlation function at a maximum level, fixed time delay τ₁between the signals accepted by the second and third receivers, a complex signal with phase shift keying, adopted by the second receiver, Peremohy with a complex signal with phase shift keying, adopted by the third receiver and passed through the second adjustable delay unit, emit low-frequency voltage, thereby forming a second mutually-correlation function R₂(τ), delay variation t support second mutually-correlation function at a maximum level, fixed time delay τ₂between signals adopted by the third and second receivers, obtained values of τ₁and τ₂determine the values of the velocity V₁V₂the traversed path S and the direction of movement of the railway vehicle, the measured value is converted into digital codes, the form of them modulating code M(t), manipulate them, high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of w_cforming a complex signal with phase shift keying strengthen his power, emit into the air, catching the point of collection and processing of information, converts the frequency and with the use of lo which rebuilds the frequency in the specified frequency range, produce a voltage intermediate frequency, measure the width of the spectrum of the complex signal with phase shift keying intermediate frequency and spectrum width, its second harmonic, compare them with each other and in case of significant differences, record the fact of detection of the complex signal with phase shift keying, stop frequency of the local oscillator and carry out synchronous detection of the detected complex signal with phase shift keying, emit low-frequency voltage that is proportional to the modulating code M(t), record and analyze it, and the first transmitting-receiving antenna of the reader mounted on the bottom rail of the vehicle, second and third transceiver antenna install the left and right side of the cab, respectively, and transmitting antenna is installed on top of the cab.

The problem is solved in that the RFID system and the positioning of rail transport, containing at least two RFID tags on each section of road, a stop mounted at known locations on the railroad tracks, and located on the rail vehicle consistently enabled device measured the I speed of a rail vehicle, the control device, a second input connected to the output of the radio frequency reader, and the device controlling the speed of a rail vehicle, differs from the closest analogue because it is equipped with additional RFID tags installed along the route of a rail vehicle on both sides of the railway track with a shift relative to each other, and the gathering and processing of information with the wireless reader is made in the form of series-connected control devices, RFID reader, master oscillator, a first amplifier, the first circulator, the input-output of which is connected with the first transmitting antenna, the first bandpass filter, the first doubler phase, the first divider phase two, the first notch filter and the first phase detector, a second input connected to the output of the first bandpass filter, and the output connected to the input device control of the radio frequency reader, connected in series to the output of the master oscillator of the first frequency Converter, the second power amplifier, the second circulator, the input-output of which is connected with the second transmitting antenna, the second bandpass filter, the second doubler phase, the second divider phase is two, the second narrow-band filter, the second phase detector, a second input connected to the output of the second bandpass filter, an adder, a phase manipulator, a second input connected to the output of the generator of high frequency oscillations, of the fourth amplifier and transmitting antenna, connected in series to the output of the master oscillator of the second frequency Converter, the third amplifier, the third circulator, input-output of which is connected with the third transceiver antenna, the third bandpass filter, the third doubler phase, the third divider phase two, the third narrowband filter and a third phase detector, a second input connected to the output of the third bandpass filter, and the output is connected to the second input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the second bandpass filter of the first adjustable delay unit, a first multiplier, a second input connected to the output of the third bandpass filter, the first low pass filter, the first extreme regulator, the first adjustable delay unit, unit determining the direction of movement of the first analog-to-digital Converter and the first delay line, the output of which is connected to the third input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the third bandpass filter Vtorov the block adjustable delay, a second multiplier, a second input connected to the output of the second bandpass filter, the second low pass filter, the second extreme regulator, the second adjustable delay unit, a unit for calculating the current speed, a second input connected to the output of the first adjustable delay unit, a second analog-to-digital Converter and the second delay line, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the unit for calculating the current speed of the integrator, the third analog-to-digital Converter and the third delay line, the output of which is connected to the fifth input of the adder, the second input unit determining the direction of motion is connected to the output of the second unit an adjustable delay, and the first transmitting-receiving antenna of the reader is installed on the bottom rail of the vehicle, the second and third transmitting antenna is installed on the left and right side of the cab, respectively, and the transmitting antenna is installed on top of the cab, the collection and processing of information is made in the form of series-connected receiving antenna, amplifier high frequency mixer, the second input is through a local oscillator coupled to the output of the search block, amplifier intermediate frequency doubler phase, the second spectrum analyzer is, block comparison, the second input is through the first spectrum analyzer is connected to the output of intermediate frequency amplifier, a threshold unit, the second input is through the delay line is connected with its output, a key, a second input connected to the output of intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase detector and a computer, connected in series to the output of the doubler phase divider phase two and narrowband filter, the output of which is connected to a second input of the phase detector, the input of the search block is connected to the output of the threshold unit, each RF tag is made in the form of piezocrystal coated on the surface of the aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer associated with a microstrip antenna, and a set of reflectors, while the interdigital transducer includes two comb system of electrodes, the electrodes of each of the dies are connected to each other tires associated with a microstrip antenna.

Figure 1 shows an example of the location of RF tags 1 and 2 about the platform. Figure 2 shows an example of the location of the first transceiver antenna 14.1 on the bottom rail of the vehicle. Figure 3 shows a variant of the system, located on the rail vehicle. Figure 4 shows an example implementation radiochastot the th reader 6, mounted on the rail vehicle. Figure 5 shows an example implementation of paragraph 42 of collecting and processing information. Figure 6 shows an example of the location of RF tags 61.j and 62.j the left and right of the railroad tracks. 7 and 8 shows an example implementation of radio-frequency tags 61.j and 62.j (j=1, 2, ..., m, where m is the number of additional RF tags).

The first RF tag 1 is located on the section of railway track at the entrance to the stop position, for example to the platform 3, a known distance from the second RF tag 2, which is located in the stop position, so that the beginning of a rail vehicle was located at the stop line 4 (figure 1).

The device 7 controls located on the rail vehicle, processes the information coming from the device 8 speed measurement and through radio frequency reader 6 from the first RF tag 1. Unit 7 management on the basis of the received information generates the control signal to the device 9 speed control of a rail vehicle, which carries out a braking process by a predetermined law (figure 3). Braking is carried out so that by the time the railway transport sredstva second RFID tags 2 speed rail vehicle 5 would be close to zero, and stop the train of the vehicle is carried out by the signal received by the radio frequency reader 6 from the second RF tag 2 (figure 2).

Radio frequency reader 6 contains consistently enabled device 10 control oscillator 15, the first amplifier 17.1 power, the first circulator 13.1, input-output associated with the first transceiver antenna 14.1, the first band-pass filter 18.1, the first doubler 19.1 phase, the first divider 20.1 phase two, the first narrowband filter 21.1 and the first phase detector 22.1, a second input connected to the output of the first bandpass filter 18.1, and the output connected to the input device 10 of the control of the radio frequency reader 6. To the output of the oscillator 15 are connected in series, the first inverter 16.1 frequency, the second amplifier 17.2 power, a second circulator 13.2, input-output of which is connected with the second transmitting antenna 14.2, the second band-pass filter 18.2, the second doubler 19.2 phase, the second divider 20.2 phase two, the second narrowband filter 21.2, the second phase detector 22.2, a second input connected to the output of the second bandpass filter 18.2, the adder 37, phase arm 39, a second input connected to the output of the generator 38 high-frequency oscillations, of the fourth amplifier 40 power and transmitting antenna 41. To the output of the backside of the corresponding generator 15 connected in series to the second inverter 16.2 frequency, the third amplifier 17.3 power, the third circulator 13.3, input-output of which is connected with the third transceiver antenna 14.3, the third band-pass filter 18.3, third doubler 19.3 phase, the third divider 20.3 phase two, the third narrowband filter 21.3 and third phase detector 22.3, a second input connected to the output of the third bandpass filter 18.3, and the output connected to the second input of the adder 37. The output of the second bandpass filter 18.2 sequentially connected to the first block 24.1 adjustable delay, the first multiplier 25.1, a second input connected to the output of the third bandpass filter 18.3, the first filter 26.1 lower frequencies, the first extreme regulator 27.1, the first block 24.1 adjustable delay unit 29 to determine the direction of movement, a second input connected to the output of the second block 24.2 adjustable delay, the first analog-to-digital Converter 31 and the first delay line 34, the output of which is connected to the third input of the adder 37. The output of the third bandpass filter 18.3 connected in series, the second block 24.2 adjustable delay, the second multiplier 25.2, a second input connected to the output of the second bandpass filter 18.2, the second filter 26.2 lower frequencies, the second extreme regulator 27.2, the second block 24.2 adjustable delay unit 28 for calculating the current speed, a second input connected the output of the first block 24.1 adjustable delay, the second analog-to-digital Converter 32 and the second line 35 delay, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the adder 37. The output unit 28 for calculating the current speed serially connected integrator 30, the third analog-to-digital Converter 33 and the third line 36 delay, the output of which is connected to the fifth input of the adder 37.

The master oscillator 15, the first 16.1 and 16.2 second frequency converters, 17.1 first, second 17.2 and third 17.3 amplifiers form shaper 11 request signals. Band-pass filter 18.1 (18.2, 18.3), the doubler 19.1 (19.2, 19.3) phase divider 20.1 (20.2, 20.3) phase two, a narrow-band filter 21.1 (21.2, 21.3) and a phase detector 22.1 or 22.2, 22.3) form the first 12.1 (12.2 second, third 12.3) receiver. The first block 24.1 adjustable delay, the first multiplier 25.1, the first filter 26.1 lower frequencies and the first extreme regulator 27.1 form a first correlator 23.1. The second block 24.2 adjustable delay, the second multiplier 25.2, the second filter 26.2 lower frequencies and a second extreme regulator 27.2 form a second correlator 23.2.

The first transceiver antenna 14.1 reader 6 installed on the bottom rail of the vehicle 5, 14.2 second and third 14.3 transceiver antenna set left and right on the cab, respectively, and the transmitting antenna 41 is installed on top of the cabin machines the A.

Paragraph 42 of collecting and processing information (hub) contains consistently included receiving antenna 43, an amplifier 44 high frequency, the mixer 47, the second input is through the local oscillator 46 is connected to the output unit 45 of the search, the amplifier 48 intermediate frequency doubler 51 phase, the second analyzer 52 of the spectrum, the block 53 comparison, the second input is through the first analyzer 50 of the spectrum is connected to the output of the amplifier 48 intermediate frequency, a threshold unit 54, the second input is through the line 55 delay is connected with its output, the key 56, a second input connected to the output of the amplifier 48 intermediate frequency the phase detector 59 and the computer 60. To the output of the doubler 51 phase serially connected divider 57 phases two and a narrow-band filter 58, the output of which is connected to a second input of the phase detector 59.

The first 50 and second 52 spectrum analyzers, doubler 51 phase, block 53 comparison, the threshold block 54 and the delay line 55 to form the detector (selector) 49 QPSK signals.

Each radio-frequency tag 61.j (62.j) made in the form of piezocrystal coated on the surface of the aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer associated with the microstrip antenna 63.j (64.j), and a set of reflectors 71.j (72.j). While interdigital transducer (IDT) contains two comb system of electrodes 65.j (66.j, the electrodes of each of the dies are connected to each other tires 67.j (68.j) and 69.j (70.j)associated with the microstrip antenna 63.j (64.j) (j=1, 2, ..., m, where m is the number of additional RF tags).

The system that implements the proposed method for radio frequency identification and positioning of rail transport, works as follows.

When approaching rail vehicle 5 to the stop position, for example to the platform 3, the RF reader 6 which operates continuously or activated command control device 7 in accordance with the work put in the card path, through the first transmitting antenna 14.1 reads the information from the first RF tag 1, and decodes it in the first receiver 12.1 response signal, extracts the required data in the device 10 of the control of the radio frequency reader 6 and transmits it to the device 7 controls. The first RF tag 1 contains and transmits to the device 7 controls all the necessary information, in one form or another, about the distance to the second RF tag 2. The device 7 based management embedded algorithm and on the basis of data about the speed of a rail vehicle, obtained from the device 8 speed measurement, produces a control signal which is supplied to the device 9 regulation the Oia speed of a rail vehicle 5, which carries out a braking process by a predetermined law so that at the entrance to the second RF tag 2 to have a speed of about 2-5 km/h. At the entrance to the second RF tag 2, it falls into the pattern 15 of the first transceiver antenna 14.1 RF reader 6. Few information is processed and verified by the device 7 control, this radio-frequency tag is a stopping place and when a specific criterion, such as maximum power response signal, issues a control signal to the device 9 speed control on complete stop rail vehicle 5. While RFID tags 1 and 2 are installed on the railway, in particular, can be fastened to the sleepers, and the first transceiver antenna 14.1 RF reader 6 installed on the bottom rail of the vehicle 5, the pattern is facing down (figure 2). Other elements of the radio frequency reader 6 may be mounted in the cab.

As the device 8 speed measurement and devices 9 speed control can be used full-time unit of a rail vehicle 5. The device 7 can be made on the basis with andariego microprocessor unit. Beam width 15 will determine the accuracy of the stop rail vehicle 5 relative to the line stop 4.

For remote control of railway vehicle when it is travelling on a given route additional RFID tags 61.j and 62.j are placed on both sides of the railway track with a shift relative to each other (Fig.6). Each label 61.j (62.j) is a piezocrystal coated on the surface of the aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer (IDT)associated with microstrip antenna 63.j (64.j), and a set of reflectors 71.j (72.j). The interdigital transducer includes two comb system of electrodes 65.j (66.j), the electrodes of each of the dies are connected to each other tires 67.j (68j) and 69.j (70.j)associated with the microstrip antenna 63.j (64.j) (j=1, 2, ..., m, where m is the number of additional radio-frequency tags, 1; is the distance between the next adjacent RFID tags, i=1, 2, ..., n).

RFID tags 61.j located to the left of the railroad tracks, tuned to the frequency of w₂and RFID tags 62.j located to the right of the railroad tracks, tuned to the frequency of w₃. The resonant frequency of the RFID tags is determined by the distance between the electrodes, and that the location is of the electrodes determines the identification number of the RFID tags (7, 8).

The master oscillator 15 reader 6 forms a harmonic oscillation

$$u_1\left(t\right)=U_1\cdot Cos\left(w_{1}t+{\phi }_1\right),$$0≤t≤T₁,

where U₁, w₁that & Phi;₁, T₁- amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase, and the duration of harmonic oscillations,

which arrives at the inputs of the first 16.1 and 16.2 second frequency converters. The last form of harmonic oscillations:

$$u_2\left(t\right)=U_2\cdot Cos\left(w_{2}t+{\phi }_2\right),$$

$$u_3\left(t\right)=U_3\cdot Cos\left(w_{3}t+{\phi }_3\right),$$0≤t≤T₁,

where$$w_2=\frac{n_1}{m_1}{w}_1$$

$$w_3=\frac{n_2}{m_2}{w}_1$$

When this ratio of the frequencies of n₁/m₁and n₂/m₂selected fractional-rational for exclusion due to harmonics. For this purpose, the converters 16.1 and 16.2 are used regenerative dividers (Basic radio navigation measurements. Edited by NF Klyuyev, the USSR, 1987, s).

Harmonic oscillations u₁(t), u₂(t) and u₃(t) are amplified in the amplifiers 17.1, 17.2 and 17.3 and through circulators 13.1, 13.2 and 13.3 come in transceiver antenna 14.1, 14.2 and 14.3, respectively, and emitted them in the air. The first transceiver antenna 14.1 installed on the bottom rail of the vehicle 5, the pattern is facing down, she reads the information of the RF tags 1 and 2, which are tuned to the frequency of w₁and installed on the railway, in particular, can be fastened to the sleepers.

Second 14.2 and third 14.3 transceiver antenna set left and right on the cab, respectively, with their directional lights RFID tags 61.j and 62.j (j=1, 2, ..., m), installed on the left and right of the rail is Oronogo path and configured for frequencies w ₂and w₃respectively (Fig.6).

Harmonic oscillations u₂(t) and u₃(t) are caught transceiver antennas 63.j and 64.j, converted IDT in an acoustic wave that propagates along the surface of piezoelectric crystals, are reflected from a set of reflectors 71.j and 72.j and again converted into complex signals with phase shift keying (QPSK):

$$u_4\left(t\right)=U_4\cdot Cos\left[w_{2}t+{\phi }_{k2}\left(t\right)+{\phi }_2\right]$$,

$$u_5\left(t\right)=U_5\cdot Cos\left[w_{3}t+{\phi }_{k3}\left(t\right)+{\phi }_3\right]$$, 0≤t≤T₁,

where$${\phi }_{k2}\left(t\right)=\left\{0;\pi \right\},$$$${\phi }_{k3}\left(t\right)=\left\{0;\pi \right\}$$- manipulated components of phase, reflecting the law of phase manipulation under internal structure of the IDT, which are identification numbers for more RF tags (Fig.7, 8).

Formed complex QPSK signals u₄(t) and u₅(t) are emitted microstrip antennas 63.j and 64.j in ether, accepted antennas 14.2 and 14.3 reader 6 and through the circulators 13.2 and 13.3 are received at the inputs of bandpass filters 18.2 and 18.3, frequency settings which can be selected as follows: w_H2=w₂, w_H3=w₃. Complex QPSK signals u₄(t) and u₅(t) are band-pass filters 18.2 and 18.3, arrive at the first (information) inputs of phase detectors 22.2 and 22.3 and inputs doublers 19.2 and 19.3 phase, respectively. The output of the last formed harmonic oscillations:

$$u_6\left(t\right)=U_6\cdot Cos\left(2w_{2}t+2{\phi }_2\right)$$,

, 0≤t≤T₁,

where$$U_6=\frac{1}{2}{U}_4^2$$

$$U_7=\frac{1}{2}{U}_5^2$$

As$$2{\phi }_{k2}\left(t\right)=\left\{0;2\pi \right\}$$and$$2{\phi }_{k3}\left(t\right)=\left\{0;2\pi \right\}$$in these fluctuations manipulation phase is already absent. Harmonic oscillations u₆(t) and u₇(t) are fed to the inputs of the dividers 20.1 and 20.2 phase two, the output of which is formed harmonic oscillations:

$$u_8\left(t\right)=U_8\cdot Cos\left(w_{2}t+{\phi }_2\right)$$,

$$u_9\left(t\right)=U_9\cdot Cos\left(w_{3}t+{\phi }_3\right)$$, 0≤t≤T₁,

allocated narrowband filters 21.1 and 21.2, respectively, are used as reference voltages and fed to the second control inputs of the phase detectors 22.2 and 22.3.

In the synchronous detection on the output of the phase detectors 22.2 and 22.3 are allocated low voltage:

$$u_{n2}\left(t\right)=U_{n2}\cdot Cos{\phi }_{k2}\left(t\right)$$,

$$u_{n3}\left(t\right)=U_{n3}\cdot Cos{\phi }_{k3}\left(t\right)$$, 0≤t≤T₁,

where$$\begin{array}{l}{U}_{n2}=\frac{1}{2}{U}_4\cdot U_8\\ U_{n3}=\frac{1}{2}{U}_5\cdot U_9,\end{array}$$

proportional identification numbers for more RF tags 61.j and 62.j. The low-frequency voltage u_H2(t) and u_H3(t) are fed to the two inputs of the adder 37.

Similarly works and the first transceiver antenna 14.1, which reads the information from the first 1 and second 2 RF tags when braking a rail vehicle 5. In this case, the first receiver 12.1 which enters the device 7 controls. It uses frequency w₁.

Complex QPSK signals u₄(t) and u₅(t) arrive simultaneously at the inputs of the two correlators 23.1 and 23.2. Obtained at the output of multiplier products 25.1 and 25.2 voltage is passed through filters 26.1 and 26.2 of the lower frequencies, respectively, the outputs of which are formed mutually-correlation function R₁(τ) and R₂(τ), where τ is the current time delay. Extreme regulators 27.1 and 27.2, designed to maintain the maximum value of the mutual-correlation functions R₁(τ), R₂(τ), and is connected to the output filters 26.1, 26.2 lower frequencies, in the act on the control inputs of blocks 24.1, 24.2 adjustable delay and support they enter the delay τ is equal to τ₁and τ₂(τ=τ₁τ₂=τ₂), which corresponds to the maximum value of the mutual-correlation functions R₁(τ) and R₂(τ). The values of τ₁and τ₂from the corresponding blocks 24.1 and 24.2 adjustable delay arrives at the input unit 28 for calculating the current speed, where the determined current speed:

$$V_1=\frac{l_1}{t_1}$$

$$V_2=\frac{l_2}{t_2},$$

where l₁- the distance between adjacent adjacent RFID tags 61.j and 62.j on the left and right of the railway;

l₂- the distance between adjacent adjacent RFID tags 62.j and 61.j located on the right and left of the railroad tracks.

Value of the velocity V₁and V₂fed to the input of integrator 30, the output of which is formed is traversed path S.

Correlation-extreme processing complex QPSK signals u₄(t) and u₅(t) allows to determine the direction of movement of the train station is mportant traffic by finding an extremum in the zone of positive and negative arguments mutual-correlation functions R ₁(τ) and R₂(τ). The presence of an extremum in the zone of positive argument indicates the movement of a rail vehicle in the forward direction and Vice versa. Information about the sign of the argument mutual-correlation functions R₁(τ) and R₂(τ) comes from the iconic outputs blocks 24.1 and 24.2 of the adjustable delay unit 29 to determine the direction of movement of the railway vehicle. The outputs of the blocks 28, 29 and 30 is supplied to the inputs of analog-to-digital converters 31, 32 and 33, where it is converted into digital codes that through delay lines 34, 35 and 36 are received at the respective inputs of the adder 37. The delay time τ_ç1τ_ç2and τ_sdelay line 34, 35 and 36 are selected so that the formed digital codes to sum up, in the adder 37 without overlapping, i.e. to place them in sequence on the time axis. At the output of the adder 37 is formed modulating code M(t)that contains information about the identification numbers of additional radio-frequency tags, speed, distance, and direction of the railway vehicle.

Formed modulating code M(t) is supplied to the second input of the phase manipulator 39, at the first input of which is applied a high-frequency voltage output from the generator 38

uc(t)=Uc⋅Cos(wct+φc), 0≤t≤T_c,

where U_c, w_cthat & Phi;_cT_c- amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase, and the duration of the high-frequency voltage.

The output of the phase manipulator 39 is formed complex QPSK signal

$$u_c^{\text{'}}\left(t\right)=U_c\cdot Cos\left[w_{c}t+{\phi }_k\left(t\right)+{\phi }_c\right]$$, 0≤t≤T_c,

where$${\phi }_k\left(t\right)=\left\{0;\pi \right\}$$- manipulated component phases, reflecting the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M(t), and φ_k(t)=const when Kτ_E<t<(K+1)τ_Eand may change abruptly at t=Kτ_Ei.e. at the boundaries between elementary parcels

(K=1, 2, ..., N);

τ_EN - the length and number of elementary message is to, of which is composed of the signal duration T_with(T_with=N·τ_E).

which after amplification in the amplifier 40 of the power supplied to the transmitting antenna 41, radiates it into the air, is caught by the receiving antenna 43 paragraph 42 of the collection and processing of information (hub) and through the amplifier 44 high frequency is supplied to the first input of the mixer 47, to the second input of which is applied the voltage of the local oscillator 46 linearly changing frequency

$$u_g\left(t\right)=U_g\cdot Cos\left(w_{g}t+\pi \gamma t^2+{\phi }_g\right)$$, 0≤t≤T_P,

where U_g, w_gthat & Phi;_gT_p- amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase, and the repetition period of the voltage of the local oscillator;

$$\gamma =\frac{D_f}{T_P}$$the speed adjustment of the lo frequency in the specified frequency range D_f.

The transmitting antenna 41 is placed on top of the cab.

Search complex QPSK signals emitted railway vehicles, in a given frequency range D_{f/sub> is the block 45 of search, which linearly on the periodic law with a period of Tprebuilds the frequency of the local oscillator 46. As the block 45 may be used sawtooth generator.}

At the output of the mixer 47 is formed voltage Raman frequencies. The amplifier 48 is allocated to the intermediate voltage (differential) frequency

$$u_{up}\left(t\right)=U_{up}\cdot Cos\left(w_{up}t+{\phi }_k\left(t\right)-\pi \gamma t^2+{\phi }_{up}\right)$$, 0≤t≤T_with,

where$$U_{up}=\frac{1}{2}{U}_c\cdot U_g$$,

w_up=w_c-w_g- intermediate (differential) frequency;

φ_Il=φ_with- Φ_g,

which is a complex signal with the combined phase shift keying and linear frequency modulation (FMN-chirp), is highlighted by the amplifier 48 intermediate and to the input of the detector (selector) 49 Fsignal, consisting of the first 50 and second 52 spectrum analyzers, doubler 51 phase, block 53 comparison, the threshold block 54 and line 55 delay.

At the output of the doubler 51 phase voltage is formed

$$u_{10}\left(t\right)=U_{10}\cdot Cos\left(2w_{up}t-2\pi \gamma t^2+2{\phi }_{up}\right)$$, 0≤t≤T_with,

in which phase shift keying already present.

The spectral width ∆ F₂the second harmonic signal is determined by the duration of T_csignal

$$\Delta f_2=\frac{1}{T_c}$$,

while the spectral width ∆ F_cthe input QPSK signal is determined by the duration τ_eits basic assumptions.

$$\Delta f_c=\frac{1}{t_e}$$,

i.e. the spectral width ∆ F₂the second harmonic signal is N times smaller than the width of the spectrum of ∆ F_cinput

$$\frac{f_c}{\Delta f_2}=N$$

Therefore, by doubling the phase of the complex QPSK signal, its spectrum width "collapsed" N times. This circumstance allows to detect and odselektiraj QPSK signal even when its power at the receiver input is less than the noise power and interference.

The spectral width ∆ F_cthe input QPSK signal measured by the first analyzer 50 of the spectrum, and spectrum width ∆ F₂the second harmonic signal using a second analyzer 52 of the spectrum. Voltage U_Iand U_IIproportional to ∆ F_cand ∆ F₂accordingly, outputs of the analyzers 50 and 52 is fed to two inputs of the block 53 comparison. The output of the last forms a voltage only when the voltage applied to its inputs vary considerably in amplitude. Since U_I>>U_II, the output unit 53 comparison produces a positive voltage that exceeds the threshold level U_thenin the threshold block 54. The threshold voltage U_thenis selected such that it does not exceed a random noise. When exceeding the threshold U_thenin the threshold unit 54 is formed by a DC voltage is supplied to the control input unit 45 searches, turning it off, at the entrance if the AI 55 delay and the control input of the key 56, opening it. In the initial state, the key 56 is always closed.

At the termination of the restructuring of the local oscillator 46 forced linear frequency modulation (chirp) disappears and the amplifier 48 intermediate frequency is allocated the following voltage

$$u_{up1}\left(t\right)=U_{up}\cdot Cos\left[w_{up}t+{\phi }_k\left(t\right)+{\phi }_{up}\right]$$,

which through public key 56 is fed to the first (information) input of the phase detector 59. In this case, the output of the doubler 51 phase voltage is formed

$$u_{11}\left(t\right)=U_{10}\cdot Cos\left(2w_{up}t+2{\phi }_{up}\right)$$, 0≤t≤T_with,

which is fed to the input of the divider 57 phase two. The output of the last formed voltage

$$u_{12}\left(t\right)={12}_{}\cdot Cos\left(2w_{up}t+{\phi }_{up}\right),$$0≤t≤T_with,

given a narrow-band filter 58, is used as the reference voltage and is supplied to the second control input of the phase detector 59. In the synchronous detection on the output of the phase detector 59 is formed of a low-frequency voltage

$$u_n\left(t\right)=U_n\cdot Cos{\phi }_k\left(t\right)$$, 0≤t≤T_with,

where$$U_n=\frac{1}{2}{U}_{up}\cdot U_{12}$$;

proportional to the modulating code M(t). This voltage is fed to the input of the computer 60, which analyzes the movement of a rail vehicle, and can be observed visually by the operator on the screen of his monitor. The delay time τ_Cdelay line 55 is selected such that it was possible to identify and analyze the detected complex FMN-signal is L. After this time, the voltage output from the threshold unit 54 is supplied to the control input of the threshold unit 54 and dumps its contents to zero. Since then, the block 45 of search is enabled, and the switch 56 is closed, i.e. they must be in their original condition. Upon detection of the next QPSK signal emitted by another railway vehicle on a different carrier frequency, paragraph 42 of the collection and processing of information occurs in a similar manner as described above.

Thus, the proposed method and system in comparison with prototypes and other technical solutions for a similar purpose provide not only sighting stop rail vehicles, but also allow us to determine the direction, speed, distance traveled and location of railway vehicles. This is achieved by the use of additional RF tags placed on the route of a rail vehicle on both sides of the railway track with a shift relative to each other, gathering and processing information and radio channel using complex QPSK signals.

These measures provide remote monitoring of the movement of railway vehicles, the exercise of a given schedule, veliquat intensity and safety of railway traffic, that is especially important for high-speed rail vehicles.

Complex QPSK signals have high energy and structural secrecy.

Energy reserve data signals due to their high compressibility in time and range at the optimum processing, thereby reducing the instantaneous radiated power. Due to this complex QPSK signal at the point of reception may be masked by noise and interference. And energy complex QPSK signal is not small, it just spread across the time-frequency region so that at each point of this region is the signal power is less than the noise power and interference.

Structural secrecy FMN complex signals due to the large variety of their forms and significant ranges of parameter changes, which complicates the optimal or at least quasi-optimal processing complex QPSK signals priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

Complex FMN-signals open new opportunities in technology transfer messages from railway vehicles for the collection and processing of information. These signals allow you to apply a new type selection - structural selection. This means that there is a new opportunity to share signals operating in the same frequency band and vodni the same time.

Thus the functionality of the known technical solutions expanded.

1. How radio frequency identification and positioning of rail transport consisting in the fact that each section of railway track at the entrance to place a stop for each direction of movement, have at least two RFID tags, the first tag is placed at the entrance to the plot stops, and the second is placed in the stop position, and a control device located on the rail vehicle, process the information coming from the device measuring the speed and through a radio frequency reader with the first radio frequency tag that is located on a section of railway track at the entrance to stop at a certain distance from the second RFID tags at this section of the route, the characteristics of the section of the route to the stop code in the first radio frequency tag, and the information of the second RFID tags are logically associated with the first information tag, characterized in that on the route of a rail vehicle on both sides of the railway track set additional RFID tags with a shift relative to each other, in the radio frequency reader to form three harmonic oscillations with what acetami w ₁, w₂and w₃accordingly, increase their power and emit aired three transmitting antennas, respectively, with a harmonic oscillation with frequency w₁irradiate the first and second RFID tags at the entrance of a rail vehicle to a halt, and the other two harmonic oscillations with frequencies w₂and w₃irradiated additional RFID tags that are located left and right of the railroad tracks, respectively, agree to the above harmonic oscillations with RFID tags that are configured on the appropriate frequency, each radio-frequency tag harmonic oscillation is converted into an acoustic wave, ensure its distribution over the surface of piezocrystal and reverse reflection, converts the reflected acoustic wave in a complex signal with phase shift keying, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, re-emit it in the air, catching it by the receiver of the reader, multiply and divide the phase of the received complex signal with phase shift keying two, emit harmonic oscillation and use it as the reference voltage for synchronous detection of the received complex signal with phase shift keying, emit low-frequency e.g. the provision, corresponding to the structure of the interdigital transducer, a complex signal with phase shift keying, take the third receiver, Peremohy with a complex signal with phase shift keying, take the second receiver and passed through the first adjustable delay unit, emit low-frequency voltage, thereby forming the first mutually correlation function R₁(τ), where τ is the current time delay, delay variation τ first support mutually correlation function at the maximum level, fixed time delay τ₁between the signals received by the second and third receivers, a complex signal with phase shift keying, take the second receiver, Peremohy with a complex signal with phase shift keying, adopted by the third receiver and passed through the second adjustable delay unit, emit low-frequency voltage, thereby forming a second mutually correlation function R₂(τ), by changing the delay τ second support mutually correlation function at the maximum level, fixed time delay τ₂between signals adopted by the third and second receivers, obtained values of τ₁and τ₂determine the values of the velocity V₁V₂the traversed path S and the direction of movement of rail transport environments is TBA, the measured value is converted into digital codes, the form of them modulating code M(t), manipulate them, high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of w_cforming a complex signal with phase shift keying strengthen his power, emit into the air, catching the point of collection and processing of information, converts the frequency using a local oscillator, which rebuilds the frequency in the specified frequency range, produce a voltage intermediate frequency, measure the width of the spectrum of the complex signal with phase shift keying intermediate frequency and spectrum width, its second harmonic, compare them with each other and in case of significant differences, record the fact of detection of the complex signal with phase shift keying, stop frequency of the local oscillator and carry out synchronous detection of the detected complex signal with phase shift keying, emit low-frequency voltage proportional to the modulating code M(t), record and analyze it, and the first transmitting-receiving antenna of the reader mounted on the bottom rail of the vehicle, second and third transmitting antenna set left and right on the cab, respectively, and transmitting antenna is installed on top of the cab.

2. The RFID system and per se the financing of railway transport, containing at least two RFID tags on each section of road, a stop mounted at known locations on the railroad tracks, and the control unit, a second input connected to the output of the radio frequency reader, characterized in that it is equipped with additional RFID tags installed along the route of a rail vehicle on both sides of the railway track with a shift relative to each other, and the gathering and processing of information with the wireless reader is made in the form of series-connected control devices, RFID reader, master oscillator, a first amplifier, the first circulator, the input-output associated with the first transceiver antenna, the first bandpass filter, the first doubler phase, the first divider phase two, the first notch filter and the first phase detector, a second input connected to the output of the first bandpass filter, and the output connected to the input device control of the radio frequency reader, connected in series to the output of the master oscillator of the first frequency Converter, the second power amplifier, the second circulator, the input-output of which is connected with the second transmitting antenna, the second is osovaya filter, the second doubler phase, the second divider phase two, the second narrowband filter, the second phase detector, a second input connected to the output of the second bandpass filter, an adder, a phase manipulator, a second input connected to the output of the generator of high frequency oscillations, of the fourth amplifier and transmitting antenna, connected in series to the output of the master oscillator of the second frequency Converter, the third amplifier, the third circulator, input-output of which is connected with the third transceiver antenna, the third bandpass filter, the third doubler phase, the third divider phase two, the third narrowband filter and a third phase detector, the second an input connected to the output of the third bandpass filter, and the output connected to the second input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the second bandpass filter of the first adjustable delay unit, a first multiplier, a second input connected to the output of the third bandpass filter, the first low pass filter, the first extreme regulator, the first adjustable delay unit, unit determining the direction of movement of the first analog-to-digital Converter and the first delay line, the output of which is connected to the third input of the adder, then connected uchenykh to the output of the third bandpass filter of the second adjustable delay unit, a second multiplier, a second input connected to the output of the second bandpass filter, the second low pass filter, the second extreme regulator, the second adjustable delay unit, a unit for calculating the current speed, a second input connected to the output of the first adjustable delay unit, a second analog-to-digital Converter and the second delay line, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the unit for calculating the current speed of the integrator, the third analog-to-digital Converter and the third delay line, the output of which is connected to the fifth input of the adder, the second input unit determining the direction of motion is connected to the output of the second unit an adjustable delay, and the first transmitting-receiving antenna of the reader is installed on the bottom rail of the vehicle, the second and third transmitting antenna is installed on the left and right side of the cab, respectively, and the transmitting antenna is installed on top of the cab, the collection and processing of information is made in the form of series-connected receiving antenna, amplifier high frequency mixer, the second input is through a local oscillator coupled to the output of the search block, amplifier intermediate frequency doubler phase, the second spectrum analyzer is, block comparison, the second input is through the first spectrum analyzer is connected to the output of intermediate frequency amplifier, a threshold unit, the second input is through the delay line is connected with its output, a key, a second input connected to the output of intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase detector and a computer, connected in series to the output of the doubler phase divider phase two and narrowband filter, the output of which is connected to a second input of the phase detector, the input of the search block is connected to the output of the threshold unit, each RF tag is made in the form of piezocrystal coated on the surface of the aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer associated with a microstrip antenna, and a set of reflectors, while the interdigital transducer includes two comb system of electrodes, the electrodes of each of the dies are connected to each other tires associated with a microstrip antenna.