Method of disposing cellulose-containing wastes. RU patent 2488997.
| Method to increase soil fertility / 2426292 Invention relates to the field of plant growing. In the method on soil surface of a separate field at least one multilayer bed is developed, which includes layers of manure and wastes of crops. The multilayer bed is soaked until quantity of compost worms reaches critical mass. Then at least one lengthy pile is created, which includes layers of manure and organic wastes. Piles are cured until quantity of compost worms reaches critical mass. At least one multilayer bed is created on the agricultural field with periodical addition of manure and crop wastes into these beds. |
 Method of receiving of peat substance for planting stock of forest plants / 2365569Method of getting peat substance presupposes processing of solid domestic wastes, compost crushing and introduction therein fermentative supplement in the form of active microorganisms association, conducting aerobic fermentation, and receiving biocompost, mixing biocompost with peat and admix of mineral supplements in the form of fertilisers. Fermentative supplement is introduced into the compost in the amount of 10 wt % off the organic fraction of solid domestic waste. Mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphor or potassium in biocompost are detected. Nitrogen and/or phosphorous and/or potassium fertilisers are introduced. Biocompost of 35-50% humidity is mixed with raw highbog peat with acidity of 2.5-3.5 pH at 50:50 weight ratio of biocompost to raw highbog peat. |
| Method for preparing organo-mineral combined fertilizer / 2316523 The suggested organic-mineral combined fertilizer includes quartz-glauconite sand and the source of organic substance. As the organic substance one should apply mixture of manure and slime residue obtained in the course of biological purification of household waste waters. The mixture should be obtained due to adding manure before treating slime residue by the processes of disinfection, neutralization and drying. On treating the residue and mixing it with quartz-glauconite sand the fertilizer has been obtained at the following ratio of the components, weight%: quartz-glauconite sand 2025; manure 1015; slime residue 6070. As the sauce of manure one should predominantly apply fowl manure. The fertilizer obtained according to the declared method provides increased soil fertility, improved soil structure and ecological degree in cultivating agricultural crops. |
| Method for production of fermented agriculture composition / 2296112 Claimed method includes microbial decomposition of plant waste in oxygen-enriched air forced circulation, wherein oxygen is obtained by Chlorella Vulgaris culturing. Carbon dioxide released in process of plant waste decomposition is collected and used in algae culturing. Method also includes manure deodorizing with calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. Deodorized manure is mixed with mass obtained in process of plant waste decomposition. Mixture is fermented for 4-5 days and mixed with solid fraction of Chlorella Vulgaris. Said solid fraction of Chlorella Vulgaris in obtained by double freezing and defrosting of algae biomass and cell juice separation. Process is carried out in closed cycle. Obtained composition is useful both as fertilizer and feed supplement. |
 Integral method for waste-free agricultural production / 2268581Method involves process and objects arranged in predetermined manner, and place planned according to relief, with geographic and other necessary factors being taken into consideration so that directions of natural air flows are corrected. Agricultural production includes complex greenhouses, heat accumulator, basin, garden, and wind shield. Air flow directed into garden is saturated with water vapors in gaseous state if increase in temperature is desirable when it is close to minimal admissible value, and in small droplet state when lower temperature is desirable. Processor functions as central controller. Objects of branches in agricultural production are selected so that objects of previous branches make raw material for objects of subsequent branches. Furthermore, joint mutually useful development of these objects at suitable conditions is possible. These conditions are created in complex greenhouse units intermediate with regard to said branches. General-purpose containers with raw material are conveyed through said complex greenhouse units. This results in multiple sequential-parallel utilization of raw materials in number of branches of industry. Method stipulates employment of useful relations between populations of organisms - objects of agricultural branches of industry: symbiosis and, according to kind of symbiosis, natural selection. |
 Strain of nodule bacteria bradyrhizobium japonicum 859 for production of fertiliser for soya / 2487932Strain of nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum 859 (VNIISHM No.24117) is proposed, used as a facility to produce a fertiliser for soya. When soya seeds are treated with the fertiliser produced on the basis of the specified strain Bradyrhizobium japonicum, the index of germination increases by more than 8%, and crop capacity increases by 17-30%. |
| Method of growing soyabean with use of polycomponent fertiliser "bioplant flora" / 2482659 Invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method of cultivation of soyabean using polycomponent fertiliser "Bioplant Flora", including presowing treatment of seeds with rizotorfin. The presowing treatment with rizotorfin is performed in the mixture with polycomponent fertiliser "Bioplant Flora" at a dose of 1 l/t. At that foliar fertilising of plants is carried out with the polycomponent fertiliser "Bioplant Flora" in the phase of 4-5 leaves and end of bean-formation at a dose of 0.25-1 l/ha. |
 Method of treating organic wastes / 2467989Invention relates to agriculture. The method of treating organic wastes using vermiculture with Eisenia fetida earthworms, wherein a strain of Trichoderma asperellum MG-97 (VKPM F-765) in form of spores or mycelium or a preparation of trichodermin M are simultaneously added with the earthworms to the starting substrate in amount of 105-106 CFU/kg of the starting substrate. |
| Bacterial fertiliser / 2465256 Bacterial fertiliser contains a humin-containing base, a bacterial additive and dry alkali. As a humin-containing base, peat or brown coal is used, or a mixture of peat and brown coal. Bacterial additive is a dry culture of bacteria Bacillus subtilis, or a mixture of bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Components are taken at a specific ratio. |
| Bacterial strain azotobacter chroococcum 5 v(e) used for obtaining nitrogen fixing fertiliser for grain and forage crops / 2464308 Bacterial strain Azotobacter chroococcum 5 V(e) is selected from light-grey forest soil of village Raifa of Zelenodolsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan and is deposited in RNCIM under the number B-10387. The strain synthesizes vitamins of group B and indolyl-3-acetic acid. The strain has nitrogen-fixing activity 515.7 nM N2/ml·h. |
| Fertiliser-pesticide mixture for applying under cereal crops / 2460295 Invention relates to agriculture. Fertiliser-pesticide mixture for cereal crops contains liquid nitrogen fertilisers (UAN-32), water, cowboy super and kinmix with the following component ratio, wt %: (UAN-32) - 30.0-40.0; cowboy super - 0.11-0.20; kinmix - 0.2-0.5, water is the rest up to 100. |
| Fertiliser-herbicide mixture for application under grain crops / 2458507 Invention relates to agriculture. The fertiliser-herbicide mixture for grain crops contains avrotex, water and liquid nitrogen fertilisers KAS-32, with the following ratio of components, wt %: KAS-32 - 30.0-40.0, avrotex - 0.38-0.60, water - the balance up to 100. |
 Strain of sphingobacterium multivorum, used to obtain bacterial fertiliser for tomatoes and cucumbers / 2458119Strain of Sphingobacterium multivorum RNCIM B-10385 is proposed, used to obtain a bacterial fertiliser for tomatoes and cucumbers. |
| Method of producing microbial organomineral fertiliser with immunomodulator properties and having curing effect on plants infected with bacterial diseases / 2458028 Invention relates to agriculture. The method of producing microbial organomineral fertiliser from humus-containing substances through preliminary mixing of humus-containing substances and a liquid medium, stirring with subsequent extraction of an aqueous extract, wherein the humus-containing substances are mixed with a liquid culturing medium containing living cultures of microorganisms in active form and metabolites thereof, having titre from 1×104 CFU to 1×1010 CFU; the humus-containing substances are mixed with the liquid culture medium in percentage ratio from 0.5% to 99.5% humus-containing substances, the liquid culture medium being the balance; fermentation is carried out while stirring and/or aerating until achieving overall titre of microorganisms from 1×108 to 1×1010 CFU; further, a preservative with bacteriostat properties is added to the obtained mass in concentration from 1 g to 500 g dry preparation or liquid preparation in terms of dry substance per litre of the mass; the obtained mass is filtered, squeezed and the obtained solution is normalised. |
| Method of use of wastes of sugar beet production in beet-seed crop rotation / 2453521 Method involves mixing of sugar beet pulp and a defecate by their distribution on the surface of the soil at a ratio of (1-2):(1-1.5), providing pH of the resulting mixture of 6.8-7.0, in an amount of 12-20 t/ha, then the processing of the mixture by the culture Trichoderma viride, strain 98 or 838, with the norm of the introduction of 5 l/ha and uniform embedding in the soil to a depth of 7-10 cm. |
| Method of breeding predatory beetle cryptolaemus montouzieri muls. / 2485770 Invention relates to biotechnology, and can be used for breeding the useful insects. The method includes growing beetle larvae of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls in a nutrient medium containing soy flour, powdered milk, corn oil, palm kerned oil, sucrose, a mixture of mineral salts, agar-agar, dry scale insects, brewers yeast autolysate, inositol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, vitamins B1, B6 and B12, methyl parasept and distilled water in a predetermined ratio. |
| Method of disinfection and decontamination vegetable farming wastes / 2447046 Method involves formation of a collar, which consists of vegetable farming wastes and manure of farm animals to use for decontamination and deactivation of earthworms. For decontamination and disposal of waste three types of worms are used, one of which belongs to the compost and the other two - to the soil. The collar is formed on the natural ground outside the building with a height of 35-45 cm. The collar surface is covered with a layer of straw with thickness of 4-6 cm, providing access of air and moisture to the surface of the collar. In the collar humidity of 75-90% is maintained and the collar is kept during at least one field season. After the process completion solid objects are separated from the discrete content of collar. |
 Method of producing entomopathogenic nematode-based biological agents / 2444195Invention relates to microbiological industry. The method involves filling bioreactors with a culture medium into which, after sterilisation and cooling, a liquid culture of symbiotic bacteria is inoculated and nematodes are inoculated therein after 48-hour exposure. The bioreactors re put into temperature-controlled chambers for development of a nematode-bacterial complex. The bioreactor is made in form of a separate polypropylene sack measuring 700×400 mm with 186 through holes with diameter of 0.5 mm on each side of the sack, at a distance of 190 mm from the top part of the sack and on an area of 1500 mm2 with height of 50 mm and 300 mm width of the sack. |
 Device for aeration of substrates in production of biohumus / 2423828Invention is related to agriculture, namely, to soil biotechnology. The device comprises a chamber, which evenly distributes air flows; a pneumatic vibration motor, which pumps air and simultaneously loosens the substrate with vibration movements; tubes with holes; plates for support and development of good vibration conditions; a switch; a pneumatic manifold. |
 Method to produce biomass of red earthworms adapted to conditions of oil contamination / 2412593Invention relates to technology for breeding culture of earthworms in nutrient medium. Compost is prepared, for this purpose organic material is ground: tree waste or sunflower husks or fruit cake, etc, which is treated with milk whey at the following ratio of components: 40-80 l of milk whey per 1 t of organic material, is left for fermentation at the temperature of 19-35°C. Compost is mixed with black soil or sapropel at the components ratio of 4: 1 wt parts. Then mixture is treated with crude oil at the ratio of components: 1 wt % of oil per 100 wt % of produced mixture. Treated mixture is populated with native types of red earthworms in amount of 25-30 individuals per 1 kg of mixture into layer of 25-40 cm thickness. Worms are additionally fed on a weekly basis. Maintained in cultivator for three cycles of development, every of which lasts for 140-180 days at the optimal moisture of medium. |
 Medicinal leech in vitro culture method / 2400062Method includes fecundated dams placement in a mother plantation, carrying over aurelias from the mother plantation into a water environment, filaria feeding. The mother plantation is represented by a vessel with an environment favourable for medical leeches and their aurelias. The favourable environment is formed from a keramzit layer, the free space wherein is filled with water; then the keramzit is filled up with moistened peat. The aurelias are carried over from the mother plantation into a water environment according to maturing. The mature aurelias are placed into non-watertight containers for leeches, each of them preliminarily placed in a vessel with water. Only mature aurelias of the same collection are placed in each container. Flarias having come out from aurelias (while in containers) are fed to a size suitable for medical procedure implementation. |
FIELD: agriculture.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of biotechnology, particularly, to a method of disposing the cellulose-containing wastes. The method of disposing the cellulose-containing wastes by using vermiculture with earthworms Eisenia fetida and culture of fungi Trichoderma viride comprises a preliminary oral inoculation of earthworm Eisenia fetida with using an insulin syringe with a sawed-off point of the needle with the suspension of mycelium and spores of a cellulose-digesting strain of week-old culture of fungi Trichoderma viride with the content in it of colony-forming units in the amount of 103 CFU/ml in amount of 0.05 ml, or daily exposure of the worms in the substrate saturated with such suspension.
EFFECT: invention enables to intensify the disposing of cellulose-containing wastes by producing a population of earthworms having increased cellulasic activity.
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The invention relates to biotechnology, more precisely to the method of disposal of cellulose-containing waste.
There are ways to enhance the intensity of utilization of waste in the system of micro-organisms-earthworms compared to the effect of these organisms separately / Tereshchenko N.N. Ecological-microbiological aspects of vermicultivation / NN. Tereshchenko. - Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2003. - 113 C.2. Stom D.I. Transformation of Oil in the Soil by a Microbial Preparation and Earthworms / D.I.Stom, D.S. Potapov, A.E. Balayan, O.N. Matveeva // Eurasian Soil Science. - 2003. - Vol.36, No.3. - P.329-331/.
A method of obtaining fertilizers / Patent RF №2186049 C05F 11/08, C12N 1/20, 2002/, which includes basis of vermicompost and bacterial additive possessing fungicidal activity, selected from a group of bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus polymyxa preserving the viability of the ammonium medium with pH 9 or in the amount of 7.5·10 4 -7,5·10 8 cells/g basis.
A method for producing biofertilizers /Patent RF №2125549 C05F 11/08, C05F 11/00, 1999/. The method consists in that on the basis of organic substrate waste from agriculture and industry, with the help of a new industrial line of earthworms "Obolensky hybrid", obtained by crossing the "red Californian hybrid" with the Russian population of earthworms Eisenia fetida at 16-24°for 4-6 months. From the obtained biohumus separate worms. It is after the Department of worms biohumus withstand the natural conditions for ripening. In biohumus after the separation of worms or after ripening impose microorganisms possessing fungicidal activity. As microorganisms impose a strain of Bacillus subtilis IPM-215 in concentrations 1-109-1-1012 dispute on 1 kg or culture fungus Trichoderma viride Per sex S.F. Cray N 16 in concentrations of 1·104-1·108 colony-forming units per 1 kg Biofertilizer obtained by the proposed method, improves agrochemical properties of soil, has fungicidal and properties for plants.
There is a method of processing of organic waste / Application of the Russian Federation №2011107180 C05F 11/08, 2011/ using vermiculture worms Eisenia fetida, in the substratum simultaneously with worms make strain Trichoderma asperellum MG-97 (VKPM F-765) in the form of spores and mycelium or drug trichodermin M 10 5 -10 6 CFU/kg initial substrate.
The nearest analogue is the way of reception of biohumus /Patent RF №2408563 C05F 11/08, 2011 / which consists in the fact that the substrate on the basis of organic agricultural waste using industrial lines earthworms "the Red Californian hybrid" and introduce a culture fungus Trichoderma viride. As a substrate using a mixture of peat and bedding cattle manure in the ratio 1:4 by weight and humidity of 75-80%, and culture fungus Trichoderma viride contribute wheat grain in the amount of 2% of the weight of the substrate 2 weeks before the start of worms in the amount of 40 individuals (30-35 grams) per 1 kg of the substrate. Vermicomposting is carried out in conditions of racking culture within 3-4 weeks at a temperature of +20+250 C C.
The disadvantage of this method is the lack of intensification of cellulose-containing waste.
Object of the present invention is the intensification of the cellulose-containing waste disposal, by receipt of a population of earthworms, with increased activity.
The task is achieved by the method of disposal -containing waste, using vermiculture with earthworms Eisenia fetida and cultures of the fungi Trichoderma viride, pre make oral inoculation earthworms Eisenia fetida insulin syringe with cut the tip of a needle suspension of mycelium and spores strain week cultures of the fungi Trichoderma viride with the content of colony forming units (CFU) in the amount of 10 CFU/ml 0.05 ml, or diurnal keeping worms in the substrate, soaked in such a suspension.
Red Californian hybrid. Refers to the type of Annelida, class Oligochaeta, family Lumbricidae, genus Eisenia Malm 1877 Emend Michaelsen, 1900, mind Is, fetida andrei Bouche, 1963. In the laboratory worms were bred in boxes at a temperature of 20-25°C and humidity of 80-85%. The experiments were used sexually, having zone - clitellum, worms length 8-10 see the Red Californian worm was launched in 1959 as a result of breeding work in the USA. Unlike their wild relatives, which give only 4-6-fold reproduction, I.e. fetida able to produce annually more than 500-fold reproduction / Viktorov A.G. Eisenia fetida Andrei - model form for / AG Viktorov // Modern ecological problems of the province: materials of the international environmental forum, July 4, 1995 - Kursk: ran, 1995. 44 - 45./.
Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are of great economic significance due to the wide use of many species to obtain ferments, biologically active substances and plant protection products. On the other hand, almost all kinds of Trichoderma form potent toxins, and can cause allergies, and some can cause deep mycosis in people with depressed immunity. In this regard, the precise identification of the species in this genus is important both for specialists involved in practical use, and to study the distribution of these fungi in nature. The taxonomy of this important kind of lag considerably behind the scale industrial use and interaction with Trichoderma man. The successful work of biotechnologists, phytopathologists and medical personnel with the views of this kind is impossible without their accurate identification. T. viride has properties. The strain was granted doctor of biological science Ogarkov B.N. / Ogarkov B.N. Biotechnology based on mushrooms / B.N. Ogarkov, G.R. Ogarkova, L.V. // Monogr. - Irkutsk: Irkut. UN-t, 2005. - 234 p/.
The method is as follows.
Prepare a slurry of mycelium and spores strain week cultures of the fungi Trichoderma viride with the content of colony forming units (CFU) in the amount of 10 3 CFU/ml Then of Mature individuals of earthworms, past 3 daily fasting, insulin syringe of this suspension. Next worms placed on wet filter paper in Petri dishes.
The control group was created worms. Within 30 days selected coprolites, describe their appearance, microstructure, the intensity of the power paper disk.
To obtain intestinal juice (liquid fraction of the homogenate of the bowel) earthworms fifty oligochaetes filled with soil intestines froze at 3 degrees for 2 hours. Ice worms open, took out the intestines. Intestines in a mortar with the addition of a small river sand. The resulting mass centrifuged for separation of the liquid fraction. Precipitate thoroughly mixed, 5 cm citrate buffer (sodium acetate - citric acid, pH 4,4) and centrifuged again with the same purpose. First mixed with the second and for the deposition of protein 1 cm mixture is diluted with 9 3 cm of water and added to 3.9 g of ammonium sulfate. After thorough mixing and full dissolution of salt mixture was placed in the refrigerator for 60 minutes. The mixture was centrifuged for 5 minutes at 10 thousands of rpm After poured, and the residue was dissolved in 1 cm 3 citrate buffer. The resulting solution was determined amount of protein biuret reaction and determined activity with reagent method -Weber / Mandels M. The production ofcellulases / M.Mandels, J.Weber // Advances in Chemistry. - 1969. №95. - P.391-414./
Using these methods to measure and compare activity of the gastric juice worms, which was fed with soil substrate T. viride (2,5 x 10 3 CFU/g of soil substrate).
Oral inoculation individuals E.fetida suspension 3-day culture T. viride (with a titer of about 10 3 CFU/cm 3 ) boosted its digestion of cellulose. Paper disk on which worms kept without food for 40 days, worms ate in 2 times faster, than in control. In this case, coprolites were larger, black-out, had had the typical form, began to darken in 2-3 days and 15 days later turned black. In the control coprolites had a lighter color and rounded shape, which means that they are weak (Figure 1).
Culture of strain Trichoderma viride remained in the gut worms Is, fetida for 40 days. On the 1st day of incubation worms viable spores T. viride were allocated from the anterior and middle intestine (1,2±0,1 x 10 7 and 4.0±0,3 x 10 5 CFU/g, respectively). Further disputes strain were detected in all sectors of the intestine, dominating in quantitative terms in the posterior part of the intestine. It should be noted that the population of T. viride in the intestine worm remained relatively high during the whole experiment. So, on the 40th day incubation worms number dispute strain in the front section of the intestine was 8,0±0,2 x 10 6 , in the average - 7,0±0,3 x 10 6 , in a back - 3,0±0,6 x 10 7 CFU/g (Figure 2).
It is known that T. viride active , in connection with that determined the change activity of the worms Is, fetida, contaminated with spores . After the contents of oligochaetes during the day in the soil treated with spore suspension T. viride, cellulase activity worms increased from 0,005±0,0008 to 0.07±of 0.01 IU/cm (14 times) and exceeded the one in control (see table).
Change activity Is, fetida after contamination culture T. viride
SampleSpecific activity, IU/cm 3
NoteThe liquid fraction homogenate of intestinal worms, in soil treated with spore suspension T. viride (2,5 x 10 3 CFU/g of soil substrate)
0,07±0,01
Of precipitate sample allocated culture T. viride
The liquid fraction homogenate of intestinal worms (control)
0,005±0,0008
T. viride in was absent
Method of disposal of cellulose-containing wastes with the help of vermiculture with earthworms Eisenia fetida and cultures of the fungi Trichoderma viride, wherein the pre-produce oral inoculation earthworms Eisenia fetida with an insulin syringe with a cut the tip of a needle suspension of mycelium and spores strain week cultures of the fungi Trichoderma viride with the content of colony forming units in the amount of 10 3 CFU/ml 0.05 ml, or diurnal keeping worms in the substrate, soaked in such a suspension.