RussianPatents.com
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Method to increase soil fertility. RU patent 2426292. |
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FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of plant growing. In the method on soil surface of a separate field at least one multilayer bed is developed, which includes layers of manure and wastes of crops. The multilayer bed is soaked until quantity of compost worms reaches critical mass. Then at least one lengthy pile is created, which includes layers of manure and organic wastes. Piles are cured until quantity of compost worms reaches critical mass. At least one multilayer bed is created on the agricultural field with periodical addition of manure and crop wastes into these beds. EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase efficiency of soil enrichment with simultaneous utilisation of agricultural production wastes. 14 cl
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Method of receiving of peat substance for planting stock of forest plants / 2365569 Method of getting peat substance presupposes processing of solid domestic wastes, compost crushing and introduction therein fermentative supplement in the form of active microorganisms association, conducting aerobic fermentation, and receiving biocompost, mixing biocompost with peat and admix of mineral supplements in the form of fertilisers. Fermentative supplement is introduced into the compost in the amount of 10 wt % off the organic fraction of solid domestic waste. Mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphor or potassium in biocompost are detected. Nitrogen and/or phosphorous and/or potassium fertilisers are introduced. Biocompost of 35-50% humidity is mixed with raw highbog peat with acidity of 2.5-3.5 pH at 50:50 weight ratio of biocompost to raw highbog peat. |
Method for preparing organo-mineral combined fertilizer / 2316523 The suggested organic-mineral combined fertilizer includes quartz-glauconite sand and the source of organic substance. As the organic substance one should apply mixture of manure and slime residue obtained in the course of biological purification of household waste waters. The mixture should be obtained due to adding manure before treating slime residue by the processes of disinfection, neutralization and drying. On treating the residue and mixing it with quartz-glauconite sand the fertilizer has been obtained at the following ratio of the components, weight%: quartz-glauconite sand 2025; manure 1015; slime residue 6070. As the sauce of manure one should predominantly apply fowl manure. The fertilizer obtained according to the declared method provides increased soil fertility, improved soil structure and ecological degree in cultivating agricultural crops. |
Method for production of fermented agriculture composition / 2296112 Claimed method includes microbial decomposition of plant waste in oxygen-enriched air forced circulation, wherein oxygen is obtained by Chlorella Vulgaris culturing. Carbon dioxide released in process of plant waste decomposition is collected and used in algae culturing. Method also includes manure deodorizing with calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. Deodorized manure is mixed with mass obtained in process of plant waste decomposition. Mixture is fermented for 4-5 days and mixed with solid fraction of Chlorella Vulgaris. Said solid fraction of Chlorella Vulgaris in obtained by double freezing and defrosting of algae biomass and cell juice separation. Process is carried out in closed cycle. Obtained composition is useful both as fertilizer and feed supplement. |
Integral method for waste-free agricultural production / 2268581 Method involves process and objects arranged in predetermined manner, and place planned according to relief, with geographic and other necessary factors being taken into consideration so that directions of natural air flows are corrected. Agricultural production includes complex greenhouses, heat accumulator, basin, garden, and wind shield. Air flow directed into garden is saturated with water vapors in gaseous state if increase in temperature is desirable when it is close to minimal admissible value, and in small droplet state when lower temperature is desirable. Processor functions as central controller. Objects of branches in agricultural production are selected so that objects of previous branches make raw material for objects of subsequent branches. Furthermore, joint mutually useful development of these objects at suitable conditions is possible. These conditions are created in complex greenhouse units intermediate with regard to said branches. General-purpose containers with raw material are conveyed through said complex greenhouse units. This results in multiple sequential-parallel utilization of raw materials in number of branches of industry. Method stipulates employment of useful relations between populations of organisms - objects of agricultural branches of industry: symbiosis and, according to kind of symbiosis, natural selection. |
Method of producing granules containing immobilised oil-oxidising microorganisms / 2422521 Oil-oxidising microorganisms are immobilised at temperature 15-30°C in a gelling medium produced of 3-5 % sodium alginate and 5 % calcium sulphate. It is followed with simultaneous homogenising and granulation of the immobilised microorganisms with a hydrophobisated silicon dioxide powder at mixer rotation speed 2000 to 3000 rpm. The granules with a hydrophobisated surface of size no more than 0.5 mm are produced. |
Composition for cleaning soil from oil contamination / 2422219 Invention relates to bioengineering and specifically to compositions for cleaning soil from oil contamination. The composition contains peat as an adsorbent and a source of oil-oxidising microorganisms and nitrogen-phosphorus-containing fertilisers, and additionally contains zeolite, 100 g of the absolutely dry substance (a.d.s) of the composition containing 5-10% zeolite, 8.0% gold and 1.2% phosphorus, with the following ratio of components in wt %: nitrogen fertiliser 15.9-23.5; phosphorus fertiliser 5.3-6.1; zeolite 5.0-10.0; peat (a.d.s) - up to 100. |
Method to reclaim soils contaminated with oil and oil products / 2421291 Invention relates to biotechnology, in particular to method to reclaim soils contaminated with oil and oil products. The method includes phased performance of restoration works cycle by agrochemical and subsequent biological treatment by means of adding microorganisms into oil-contaminated soil cover and phyto-reclamation treatment by sowing seeds of oil-tolerant herbs. Biological treatment is carried out in two phases, from which one is carried out before phyto-reclamation treatment, and the second one - afterwards. At the first stage of biological treatment a complex suspension from micromycete Phoma eupyrena and an agricultural biopreparation Albit produced on the basis of hydrolysate of bacteria Pseudomonas aureofaciens VKMV - 1973D and hydrolysate of bacteria Bacillus megaterium is added into the soil cover, and at the second stage of biological treatment a complex suspension from micromycete Cephaliophora tropica and the specified agricultural preparation Albit is added into the soil cover. At the same time both at the first and second stages of treatment the consumption of the complex suspension makes 100 kg/ha with content of 20-25 ml of micromycete suspension per 1 l of Albit. |
Method of microbiological neutralisation of oil slimes and oil-contaminated soils / 2421290 Invention relates to the field of environment protection in the sphere of oil and gas production and oil and gas processing industries, in particular, to microbiological neutralisation of oil slimes and oil-contaminated soils with application of thermal energy from flares when associated petroleum gas is burnt. The method includes preparation of a process site in the area of optimal heat exposure of a flare, arrangement of oil slime and oil-contaminated soil previously prepared for microbiological neutralisation. The preliminary treatment consists in addition of a biopreparation and an organic-mineral fertiliser. Periodically the produced mix is tilled and irrigated. A heat source to maintain optimal conditions of oil-containing wastes biodegrading is the heat energy of flares from burning of associated petroleum gas. |
Method of neutralising bacillus anthracis spores and vegetative cells / 2412769 Invention pertains to biotechnology. Disclosed is a method of neutralising Bacillus anthracis spores and vegetative cells, involving treatment of an infected surface with a disinfectant which is an aqueous solution containing a mixture of Bacillus anthracis OZR-1, Bacillus anthracis F-2 and Bacillus anthracis FAUT bacteriophages with the activity ratio (PFU/cm3) between Bacillus anthracis OZR-1, Bacillus anthracis F-2 and Bacillus anthracis FAUT equal to 1 :(0.2-1):(0.1 -1) and a spore germination activator L-alanine.The disinfecting solution is prepared by mixing separately stored L-alanine and a complex of bacteriophages which are separately grown and mixed in the specified ratios. Preferably, an aqueous solution containing a mixture of bacteriophages with a concentration of 1010-1012 PFU/l and a spore germination activator with a concentration of 0.05-0.15 mol/l is used. With the aim of receiving a full effect and fixing the result, the infected surface is twice treated at an interval of 60-180 minutes and effective disinfection can be achieved by using a solution based on 1011-1012 phage particles per 10 m2 of infected surface. |
Method of cleaning contaminated soil / 2410170 Method involves adding a sorbent, microorganisms which are active towards the organic contaminant in the soil and nitrogen mineral fertiliser to the soil and then moistening. The sorbent used is glauconite rock thermally treated at 200-300°C and containing 40-90% glauconite, and the microorganisms used are a bacterial preparation in form of lyophilically dried powder with activity equal to 1-100 billion carbon-oxidising cells per gram of the preparation. The sorbent and bacterial preparation are mixed in ratio of 500-1000 g bacterial preparation per ton of sorbent. |
Method of obtaining biomass of microorganisms, with biological recycling of organic compounds in purified medium / 2405636 Invention can be used in biological treatment of water, soil and similar media from organic compound contaminants of arbitrary composition and concentration, as well as when recycling organic production wastes. The method involves determination of content of organic compounds in the medium to be treated, selection of native microorganisms isolated from the treated medium, addition of the obtained mass to the treated medium with addition of macro-elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulphur and trace elements: iron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, boron and control of physical and chemical characteristics of the treated medium. Microorganisms are selected based on the highest growth rate of biomass. Content of oxygen in the treated medium is kept between 2·10-3 and 1.4 kg/m3 and pH is kept between 5 and 7.5. Macro- and trace elements are added based on their presence in the treated medium in total amount of (1-8)·10-3 kg for macro-elements and 1.1·10-7-1·10-5 kg for trace elements per 1 MJ of complete energy of oxidation of the recycled organic compounds in an oxygen medium. |
Method of detoxicating soil contaminated by oil products / 2403103 Invention relates to purification of soils contaminated by oil products. Proposed method consists in adding natural sorbent into soil to preset concentration of contaminant in soil. Prior to adding the sorbent, contaminant concentration is measured in mixing contaminated soil with sorbent. Then the weight of sorbent to be mixed with soil contaminated by pre-determined contaminant to reach preset concentration of said contaminant. Contaminated soil is damped, calculated sorbent bulk is distributed over contaminated soil surface and sorbent is mixed with said contaminated soil. Glauconite is used a said sorbent. Biopreparation is added to sorbent. Said biopreparation represents cultures of hydrocarbon-oxidising microorganisms and associations of soil oil-oxidising bacteria at soil temperature exceeding +15°C while at +15°C and below, micellar fungi are used. |
Method of phytoremediation of soil contaminated by hydrocarbons (versions) / 2403102 Invention relates to biotechnology, particularly to environmental protection and can be used for purification of soil from hydrocarbon contaminants. Proposed method comprises seeding plants, phytoremediants, into soil. In compliance with first version, prior to seeding, seeds are treated by suspension of strain Sinorhizobium meliloti P221 or Azospirillum braselense SR80. In compliance second version, proposed method comprises seeding phytoremediants and soil inoculation by suspension of strain Sinorhizobium meliloti P221 or Azospirillum braselense SR80. Note here that inoculation is performed to produce concentration of 1 - 3*107 cells/g of soil contained in surface layer with depth of up to 30 cm. Said phytoremediants represent mix of seeds of pod-bearing plants, namely Lucerne, and seeds of cereals, namely ryegrass, and/or winter rye and/or sorghum in ratio of 1:1-3. |
Bacteria strain achromobacter sp - organophosphonate destructor and method of application thereof for soils bioremediation / 2401298 Invention represents a new bacterial strain Achromobacter sp., VKM B-2534 D, which can be used for soil and fluid cleanup, e.g. organophosphonate-contaminated soil and surface water. Bacteria strain Achromobacter sp. Kg 16 has been recovered by the enrichment culture method from glyphosate-contaminated soil, it is deposited in the Russian National Collection of microorganisms, No. VKM B-2534 D. Said strain utilises organophosphonates: glyphosate, metylphosphonate, aminometylphosphonate, phosphonoacetate, 2-aminoethylphosphonate, N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetate. Strain stability to high glyphosate concentration is shown among other factors that expand the application range, including in emergencies. |
Method of biological reclamation of contaminated lands in maps of sludge reservoirs of chemical industry wastes / 2426291 Invention relates to agriculture and, in particular, to biological reclamation of lands contaminated with chemical industry wastes. The method includes development of a screening layer, which is represented by wastes of chemical industry - neutralised phosphogypsum, which is dried until moisture of 25-30% for 2.5-3 months and is levelled with a slope of dried surface of not more than 1.5 degrees. Then in layers of identical thickness of 0.3-0.4 m a potentially fertile soil is applied, for instance, clayey and dry phosphogypsum-improver, mixed with cultivator, levelled and compacted to 1.35-1.40 t/m3. Then layers of fertile soil and phosphogypsum-improver are applied with the thickness taken at the ratio of 4:1, mixed with cultivator, levelled, compacted. Surface disking and harrowing are carried out. Holes are made to plant trees, where a mixture of phosphogypsum, soil and manure is added, at the ratio that ensures the required pH of the mixture. |
Method to cultivate winter barley on slope lands / 2426289 Invention relates to the field of agriculture. In the method the crops are sown across the slope in a narrow row manner. At the same time on slopes with steepness within the range of 2-12° the winter barley of early-ripe brands is sown with account of area steepness with sowing norm of 5.0-5.5 million seeds per hectare. |
Method to reinforce slopes of waterlogged lands / 2425474 Invention relates to the field of agriculture and soil erosion. The method includes planting of plants, for instance, moisture-loving willows, into a slope soil. Plants are planted with hefts into seats-holes arranged both on slopes and on the edge before transition of a mostly horizontal surface of soil towards a slope with the help of, for instance, a metal rod, by means of its impression for the depth of 20-30 cm and by formation of a groove in soul with heft installation in it and subsequent compaction of soil around the heft, at the same grooves are made, and hefts are installed at the angle of 70-90° to the horizontal surface, creating a directed development of a root system of planted plants. Growth of hefts installed at the angle of 70-90° to the horizontal surface after their annual growth is bent down until contact with soil and is fixed in the bent position with the help of, for instance, a soil lump, a peg or another weight to form a fibroid-branch root system under each lower bud. |
Method to reduce erosion processes on slope lands / 2424645 Invention is related to agriculture, namely, to erosion of soils. The method includes strip arrangement of crops across a slope, sowing of tall-stalked plants between strips, which are left for winter period. At the same time sectors of 4-6 m width are arranged between strips, where tall perennial herbs are sown: cup plant, hill mustard, goat's rue and cock's-foot grass. Wide-row and solid plantations are alternated in strips. |
Method to reclaim damaged lands in waste rice bays / 2424644 Invention relates to the field of agriculture and land reclamation. The method includes ploughing and sowing of plant seeds. In the last decade of March - the first decade of April, in rice bays with the level of ground waters of chloride and sulfate salinisation of at least 0.8-1.0 m and mineralisation of not more than 15 g/l, heavy disk harrows are used to damage stubble remains, weeds, and the upper layer is tilled for the depth of 0.16-0.18 m. In the last decade of May diskators are used to crumble soil clods, stubble remains, weeds, and the bay surface is levelled. Simultaneously seeds of common licorice, quack grass and girasol are sown in tiers into strips with the width of 15-18 cm for depths of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 cm for licorice seeds, for depth of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 cm for girasol seeds, and for depth of 6-8 cm for quack grass seeds with distances between rows equal to 0.45; 0.60 and 0.70 m. After-sowing rolling is carried out, as well as flooding of rice bay with water in a layer of 6-12 cm. |
Method to create agrophytocenoses of land reclamation purpose in waste rice bays / 2424643 Invention relates to agriculture and land reclamation. The method includes one-year preparation of soil and combined wide-row sowing of seeds of annual and perennial halophytes, such as common licorice of local ecotype and amaranth. As soil temperature reaches stable +16-18°C, seeds of licorice and amaranth are simultaneously sown in the layer of 0-10 cm in a single row for the depth of 1.5-2.0 cm with the width between rows equal to 0.6-0.7 m with the sowing norms ratio of 1:1. At the second year of licorice plants life, at the stable soil temperature of +16-18°C, girasol and amaranth seeds are sown directly in the layer of 0-10 cm perpendicularly to previously made plantations of licorice and amaranth, for the depth of 1.5-2.0 cm with the width between rows equal to 0.6-0.7 m with the sowing norms ratio of 2:1. Girasol tubers are harvested at the fourth year either in early spring period as planting stock, or in late autumn as fodder or raw materials for pharmaceutical purposes. Root mass of licorice is extracted at the end of the seventh season, and the soil layer is levelled and shaped for the depth of 0.20-0,25 for rice plantations in spring of the following year. |
Method to improve agrophysical properties of soil / 2423812 Invention relates to the field of agriculture and land reclamation. The method includes application of phosphogypsum, its closing and sowing of crops. At the same time compost is applied into soil for the depth of 10-14 cm, which contains wastes of livestock sector - humus, production of phosphorus fertilisers - dihydrate phosphogypsum and woodworking industry - chips in the ratio of 50:5:1 accordingly, and is mixed to a homogeneous mass. |
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