Etching device (versions)

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device includes vibration exciter and elastic elements. As per the first version, stable angular oscillations of yoke with working piece, which is rigidly connected to shaft of oscillation exciter, are provided with passive magnetic suspensions made as system of constant magnets operating as per differential circuit in mode of repulsive powers, and elements to control the distance between magnets. As per the other version, excitation of yoke oscillations with working piece is performed with active magnetic suspension consisting of motor, constant magnet fixed on end part of motor shaft rotating at specified speed and direction, and magnet rigidly connected to yoke. Passive magnetic suspensions made as system of constant magnets operating as per differential circuit in mode of repulsive powers, and elements to control the distance between magnets, are used as elastic elements. Working piece is brought into additional movement with the second oscillation exciter.

EFFECT: invention provides the creation of the device with adjusted position of stable balance of shaft of oscillation exciter and increase of amplitude and frequency of oscillations of working piece; improves reliability, service life of etching device, efficiency and quality of its operation.

9 cl, 5 dwg

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in vibration and vibro-shock devices for initiating a controlled frequency and amplitude of mechanical vibrations, as well as to the field of art and decorative processing of solid materials, for example, for printing on solid materials by directional software-controlled destruction of their surface drums or percussion-rotary method.

Known engraving device ([1] Patent 67926 from 28.05.2007 g)containing the base with a fixed rack, to which is attached one end of a flat spring, and the other with one end of the l-shaped yoke of an electromagnet attached to the plate rigidly mounted on the base, another end of the l-shaped yoke attached to the collet, which features a percussion instrument in the form of needles with a diamond tip. On the basis of the control-Cam installed the bearing is fixed by the screw, with the ability to track topography of the workpiece. The gap between the workpiece and the point of the needle should be less than 0.02 mm, with the possibility of transmission of color without distortion. A device for printing the image on a solid surface ([2] Patent 2350476 from 13.02.2007,), comprising a housing, a first motor, second motor, a tool made with the possibility BP is recorded on its axis and connected to the end of the shaft of the second motor, the rocker and spring. The rocker levers, the upper part of which interact with the springs installed on the shaft of the first motor with the possibility of angular oscillatory motion about a point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the beam and the axis of rotation of the shaft of the first motor. Springs connect each side of the beam with the surface.

The main disadvantage of these prototype devices is the use of mechanical springs in the role of elastic elements for accumulating potential energy, for example, in [1] is flat and cylindrical springs, and in [2] is a cylindrical spring. This is due to the fact that mechanical springs, a long-time iterative dynamic tension-compression and shock loads, over time, reduced bearing capacity, fatigue strength, and endurance. In addition, the number of oscillations, survive springs to failure depends not only on the loads acting on the springs, but also on the amplitude of the oscillations: the greater the amplitude of this maximum voltage, the smaller the number of cycles withstand the spring. All this leads to reduced efficiency, durability and service life of the device and, as a consequence, the quality of the engraved image is.

A device - a rotary actuator ([3] US Patent 4,795,929 "Rotary Actuator" from 03.01.1989 years)with permanent magnetic anchor with diametrically opposite poles of different polarity, mounted between a pair of stator elements, at least one of which is an electromagnet, so that it can rotate between the first and second position when creating the selected flow distribution in at least one electromagnetic stator element. Electromagnetic stator element is designed so that it creates an asymmetrical magnetic field, which is more near one of the opposing fields of the armature than in the other. Electromagnetic stator consists of a core of soft iron material and the inner surface turned toward the rotor. Coil wound on the core to create the core of a magnetic field on each surface of the core. Asymmetric flow field is created by providing the inner side of the larger core segment, increasing the flow field and the density at the specified location and field smaller for the rest of the core. Preferably a larger slice of the core surface is stretched out and is closely located to the surface of the anchor for the selected arc length.

In particular, the actuator includes a pair of electromagnetic stators, ka is every of which has not magnetomotive the core and the coil, interacting to create the first and second poles. The stators fixed fixed distance against each other, their poles lie on the common axis of magnetization, and have an asymmetric shape to provide a larger force field the same side of the magnetization than the other. Anchor consisting of a cylindrical permanent magnet having opposite first and second poles lying along diametrically pole axis, mounted for rotation between the opposing stators so that diametrically pole axis is initially transversely of the axis of magnetization of the stator. The electrical circuit selectively energizes the electromagnetic stators so as to induce the first and second pole managed stators, right and back, respectively, to force a force field to attract or repel the pole above the cylindrical magnet lying on the same side of the axis of magnetization to cause the anchor to rotate.

Also known device is the oscillating stepping motor ([4] US Patent 5,126,605 "Oscillating Stepper Motor" from 30.06.1992 year), including:

(a) single-phase annular stator coil defining a Central cylindrical cavity, the specified annular stator coil creates a magnetic field of first polarity when an electric current passes through it in first the m direction;

(b) a cylindrical rotor including a rotor magnet located for rotational movement relative to the specified annular coils of the stator in a specified Central cylindrical cavity and coaxially specified annular stator coil; specified cylindrical rotor, depending on the specified magnetic field of first polarity is generated in the specified annular stator coil can be rotated less than 180 degrees from the locking position to the first position defined by the specified magnetic field of the specified first polarity; and

(c) locking the magnet fixing set specific to the coils of the stator in the specified cylindrical cavity for the specified rotation of the rotor to the specified stoparea position, whenever the specified annular stator coil is de-energised

In these devices [3], [4] the role of elastic elements are magnetic components, enabling rotation of the rotor from one fixed position to another within limited by the stator poles.

The disadvantage of the devices [3], [4] is that there is no way of adjusting the position of the rotor relative to the stator is a stable position initially structurally defined, is determined by the mutual position of the magnetic rotor and stator elements. In many applications, the voltage is emer, when engraving, a periodic setting, the initial stable position of the beam in the plane of oscillation for optimal amplitude.

These joint shortcomings prototypes aim to provide periodic configuration sustainable angular position of the shaft of the exciter oscillation, increase the reliability and service life of the engraving device, the amplitude and frequency of oscillation, performance, and hence the quality of his work.

This task is solved in that the engraving device containing the pathogen fluctuations, the connecting levers, elastic elements and a working tool, instead of a mechanical spring in the role of elastic elements are passive magnetic bearings, which is a system of two permanent magnets located to each other the same poles (N-N or S-S, one of the magnets is stationary and the other movable, and an adjusting element for setting the optimal distance between the magnets. Not excluded the use of electromagnets instead of permanent magnets. You can use anchors as axial and diametrical, two or multi-pole permanent magnets.

Figure 1 presents the scheme of the engraving device with pathogen is of vibration on the basis of the motor.

The proposed device is made as follows. In the first embodiment engraving device includes a motor 1, for example, walking on the control winding with a control unit (not shown in figure 1) receives control pulses 2. On the shaft 3 of the motor 1 is set to the rocker 4, the end of which a work tool 15. The motor 1 with the rocker 4 is located inside the stationary casing 6. The rocker 4 is equipped with a lever 7, which is rigidly connected to the disk permanent magnets 8 and 12. The rocker arm 4 together with the lever 7 is designed with the ability to perform angular oscillatory movement about the axis of rotation of the shaft 3 of the motor 1. To measure the amplitude of oscillation of the rocker arm 4, and hence the working tool 15 is used, if required by the control algorithm, the angular position sensor 14 mounted on the shaft 3 of the motor 1. Parallel to the magnets 8 and 12 mounted permanent magnets 9 and 11, each of which is rigidly connected with the adjusting element 10 and 13, respectively. In the role of the adjusting element may be, for example, transmission screw - nut or similar action. Permanent magnets 8, 9 together with the adjusting element 10 form a first passive magnetic suspension, and permanent magnets 11, 12 together with reguliavo the essential element 13 form a second passive magnetic suspension. Magnetic suspensions can interact with the rocker arm 4 through the lever 7, as shown in figure 1, when the axes 17 and 18 of all of the magnets along the axis 19. Alternatively the location of the magnetic bearings relative to the rocker arm 4. While the magnets 8 and 12 are permanently fixed to the arm 4 at the top and bottom parallel to its axis 5, and the magnets 9 and 11 are mounted parallel to them so that the axis 17 and 18 of all of the magnets 8, 9, 11, 12 passed along the vertical axis 16. Are other combinations of the location of magnetic bearings, both permanent magnets relative to each other.

In the role of pathogen fluctuations can be any electric motor AC or DC. as well as the engine with any working fluid, for example, pneumatic or hydraulic motor, and an electromagnetic coil core or the vibration exciter any design and type. Permanent magnets 8, 9, 11, 12 can be with axial poles diametrically spaced poles, two, or multi-polar, etc.(figure 4).

Its possible that instead of the permanent magnets, electromagnets are used and/or combinations thereof. In the role of the working tool 15 can be engraving needle or other instrument like drums, and percussion-rotary action.

The second option engraving device includes a motor 1, which is high who shall serve in the role of the exciter of vibrations, on the control winding which receives the control signal 2. At the end of the shaft 6 of the engine 1 is secured in position by the permanent magnet 17, for example, a disk shape with diametrically spaced poles (figure 4), which can rotate together with the shaft 6 of the engine 1. On the shaft 3 with the arm 4 with the working tool 15 with the opportunity to make angular oscillatory movement in a vertical plane. On the rocker 4 in parallel to the magnet 17 is secured in position by the permanent magnet 18 with diametrically spaced poles, forming with the engine 1, the magnet 17 and the adjusting element 23 of the first, active magnetic suspension. With the rocker 4 is also rigidly connected to two other of the permanent magnet 8 and 12. Parallel to the magnets 8 and 12 mounted permanent magnets 9 and 11, each of which is connected with the adjusting element 10 and 13, respectively. Permanent magnets 8, 9 together with the adjusting element 10 form a second, passive, magnetic suspension, and permanent magnets 11, 12 together with the adjusting element 13 form a third, passive magnetic suspension. Are other combinations of the location of magnetic bearings relative to the rocker arm 4. To measure the amplitude of oscillation of the rocker arm 4, and hence the working tool 15 is used, if required by the control algorithm, the sensor in the gross provisions 14, mounted on the shaft 3. In the role of oscillation exciter 1 can be any electric motor AC or DC, as well as the engine with any working fluid, such as air motor or hydraulic motor, etc. Permanent magnets 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 18 can be with axial poles (figure 3), with diametrically location of poles, pole (figure 4,a) or multipolar (figure 4,b). To regulate the amplitude of oscillation in accordance with the parameters of the points of the engraving of the image engraving device has a second oscillation exciter, for example, the electromagnetic coil 20 of the core 16 and the anchor 7, rigidly connected to the rocker 4. When applying current to the coil 20 of the solenoid arm 4 with the working tool 15 is additionally moved to the core 16 of the electromagnet. The amplitude of this displacement is proportional to the brightness of the elementary point of the engraving of the image. The proposed device operates as follows. In the first embodiment, the control winding of the exciter of vibrations, for example, the stepping motor 1 (Fig 1), the stator of which is a multi-pole Electromechanical device, receives the periodic pulse sequence control 2 in the form of pulse-width modulation (PWM), pulse-frequency modulation (PFM, amplitude-modulation (PAM) or their combinations with the specified width, period, or amplitude corresponding to the brightness of the dots are engraved image. During the duration of the pulse control shaft 3 of the engine 1 starts to rotate around its axis (figure 1). The shaft 3 drives the rocker 4 and the associated magnets 8 and 12 passive magnetic bearings, which have a dynamic springing beam 4. Angular movement of the rocker arm 4 about the axis of rotation of the shaft 3 of the engine 1 is limited by the action of the magnets 9 and 11, parallel to the magnets 8 and 12, respectively, with their similar poles to each other. In the case of permanent magnets with diametrically spaced poles may overlap their like poles, then there is a partial overlap of the magnetic fields of the poles. Using the control elements 10 and 13 are configured the necessary clearances δ₁and δ₂between the magnets 8, 9 and 11, 12 magnetic bearings. The control elements 10, 13 can be performed either manually, using the readings of the position sensor 14, or automatically, using a servo drive, if required by the control algorithm. The magnets 8, 9, 11 and 12 select the desired value of magnetic induction, and the location of the magnetic bearings relative to each other and the magnitude of the gap δ and δ₂configured using elements 10 and 13 in a manner to ensure optimum amplitude and frequency of oscillation of the rocker arm 4, and hence the working tool 15. For example, this optimal property can be a maximum oscillation amplitude of the beam, and hence the working tool in the vertical plane of oscillation. Since the end of the previous and before receipt of the next pulse of the control arm under the action of the elastic repulsive forces of the magnets 8, 9 and 11, 12 begins to move in the opposite direction. The time of completion of the return stroke of the rocker arm 4 and the filing of the next business control pulse corresponding to a point settings are engraved image is determined, if required by the control algorithm, using a sensor of angular position 14 of the shaft 3 of the engine 1. Thus, the rocker arm 4 together with the working tool 15 begins to oscillate in a vertical plane perpendicular to the workpiece surface 21 on which the transferred image 22. Unlike mechanical springs, the elastic force of interaction in which linearly depend on the magnitude of deformation, for example, Hooke's law, the repulsive forces between the permanent magnets depend non-linearly on the distance between them that allows the use of variable coefficie is the dynamic elasticity, hence, a wider range of amplitude and frequency of oscillation.

The dynamics of the oscillatory motion of the engraving device depends on the geometry of magnetic bearings relative to the rocker arm 4, the magnitude of the gap δ₁and δ₂, value of magnetic induction of permanent magnets, which affect the quality of the engraving device.

On the second version to the input of the engine 1 enters the sequence of control pulses 2, under the action of which the shaft 6 of the engine 1 starts to rotate at a given speed in a given direction. Together with the shaft 6 rotates the permanent disk magnet 17, rigidly associated with the shaft 6 of the engine 1. When the magnet 17 passes over the magnet 18 is fixedly mounted on the yoke 4, and their poles are the same, for example, N-N or S-S, there is a repulsive force which, acting on the rocker 4, causes it to rotate in one direction, e.g. clockwise, and passive magnetic bearings provide dynamic springing beam 4. When like poles of the magnets 17 and 18 begin to diverge, and to match the opposite poles, S-N, the rocker 4 under the action of attractive forces of the magnets 17 and 18 and also under the action of repulsive forces of the magnets 8, 9, 11, 12 begins to move in the opposed the MD direction, for example, in a counterclockwise direction. As the magnets 8, 9, 11, 12 passive magnetic bearings are always working on repulsion and are located on opposite sides of the beam 4, the force of their mutual repulsion does not give the magnets 17 and 18 active magnetic suspension to adhere to each other during interaction. Unlike the first option, where the oscillation exciter operates in the reverse mode, characterized by time-consuming acceleration, stopping and braking, and the second oscillation of the rocker arm and the working tool are excited by the engine 1, a constantly rotating in only one direction at a given speed, which greatly reduces the time constant of the engraving device and to increase the frequency and amplitude of oscillation. In the absence of a control pulse between the top of the working tool 15 and the surface of the workpiece 21 all time remains constant predetermined gap δ₄then there is the tool varies in the vertical plane, without touching the tip of the tip surface of the workpiece. In case of occurrence of a control pulse to the electromagnetic coil 20 of the core 16 informs the yoke 4 with the working tool 15 additional energy to move through the attraction of the armature 7, which is spent on overcoming working zazo the and δ ₄and the destruction of the surface with the amplitude, and hence the force proportional to the brightness of the point 22 of the engraving of the image. Using the control elements 10, 13, 23 are necessary clearances δ₁, δ₂, δ₃between the magnets 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 18 all three magnetic bearings. The control elements 10, 13, 23 can be performed either manually, using the readings of the position sensor 14, or automatically using a servo drive, if required by the control algorithm. The position sensor 14 helps to ensure synphasicity both motion: oscillatory movement of the working tool 15, caused by active magnetic bearing 1, 17, 23, and increment the impact caused by the current in the coil 20. Thus, the separation of the motion into two parts - the fluctuation of the working tool with the specified frequency and additional moving it to the punch - can significantly increase the amplitude and frequency of oscillation, system responsiveness, performance, and reduce energy consumption for the control.

Offer options engraving device, described above, are one example of the preferred embodiment of the invention. There might also be other options design engraving device.

1. Engraving device, the content is General agent of oscillations and elastic elements, characterized in that the stable angular oscillation of the rocker with the working tool, rigidly connected with the shaft of the exciter vibrations are provided by a passive magnetic bearings, designed as a system of permanent magnets, operating a differential circuit in the mode of repelling forces, and elements for adjusting the distance between the magnets.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets of the magnetic suspension can be axial and/or diametrically location of the poles.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, instead of the permanent magnets in magnetic suspensions can be used electromagnets.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the active control and regulation of the position of the beam with the working tool relative to the workpiece surface on the shaft of the exciter oscillation has a sensor of angular position.

5. Engraving device containing the pathogen fluctuations and elastic elements, characterized in that the excitation of oscillations of the beam with the working tool is active magnetic bearing consisting of a motor, rotating at the specified speed and direction, a permanent magnet fixed on the end part of the motor shaft, and a magnet rigidly connected to the rocker, as well as elastic elements stored the used passive magnetic bearings, designed as a system of permanent magnets, operating a differential circuit in the mode of repelling forces, and elements for adjusting the distance between the magnets and the additional movement of the working tool reported the second oscillation exciter.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the role of the second oscillation exciter can be electromagnetic coil core or any other pathogen mechanical vibrations.

7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the permanent magnets of the magnetic suspension can be axial and/or diametrically location of poles and pole.

8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that, instead of the permanent magnets in magnetic suspensions can be used electromagnets.

9. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the active control and regulation of the position of the beam with the working tool relative to the workpiece surface on the shaft of the exciter oscillation has a sensor of angular position.