Device for application of image onto surface of hard materials by method of impact or impact-rotary engraving (versions)

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of machine-tool construction and tool industry and covers device for application of image onto surface of solid materials by method of impact or impact-rotary engraving. Device comprises tail, body and tip. Tip is arranged in the form of combinations of geometric figures. In one version in the form of polyhedral support truncated pyramid near tip base and polyhedral working pyramid near tip top, number of faces in each pyramid makes three and more, angles near tops of faces making support and working parts of tip may be equal, partially equal or unequal to each other, and angle of tip working part sharpening is within the range of 15° -175°. In the second version tip is arranged in the form of polyhedral support truncated pyramid near base and working cone near top. In the third version tip is arranged in the form of support truncated cone near base and polyhedral working pyramid near top. In the fourth version tip is arranged in the form of support truncated cone near base and working cone near top.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase device service life due to giving the device working part its optimal geometric shape, dimensions and angle of sharpening, improved quality, efficiency of treatment, increased depth of processing, improved design and material saving.

35 cl, 20 dwg, 3 ex

The invention relates to the field of machine tool and tool industry and can be used in the manufacture of devices, such as engraving needles, for artistic and decorative treatment of articles of stone or other solid material by shock engraving, for example for drawing images: portraits, figures, ornaments, decals, etc., recessed into the surface of the processed material, in construction or architecture at registration as building facades and interior decoration, decoration interior, stone or other hard materials, such as glass, metals, wood or plastic, as well as in the field of funeral services.

Recently developing technology for automatic printing on a solid surface shock method with the use of engraving machines. This raises the problem of improving the quality, durability, longevity working tools used for drawing the image on a solid surface by the method of drums and percussion-rotary technology. Unlike traditional percussion technologies used in industry, such as cutting, stamping, hardness measurement impact, as well as hand engraving on stone, the technology of automatic shock grave the simulation has two principal features, which distinguishes it in a special class of technologies:

- first, the oscillation frequency of the device when the processing of the material is hundreds of Hz, while the frequency of the impact device according to the traditional technology, such as hand engraving is from a few hundredths to units of Hertz. Therefore, the technology of automatic shock engraving should be considered as high frequency shock technology and take into account the physico-technical properties of the processed material and the working part of the device, as well as its geometrical parameters;

- secondly, the hardness values of materials such as granite, glass, ceramic, hard metal, etc. on the surface of which is applied an artistic image, are in a wide range, from three to seven units on the Mohs scale of hardness. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the crystallographic properties of the processed material and the working side of the tip over the entire frequency range of operation.

Today, for printing on hard surfaces, such as images on the ritual monuments in the business, have found an extensive use of manual engraving, working part which is made of pobedit various modifications and hardness of the so-called engraving beams, consisting of one or the more spokes with a sharpened tip. The tip of the spokes has a conical shape, the grinding angle is not more than 60°is typically in the range of 30°-45°. The hardness of pobedit on the Mohs scale is seven or eight units. Almost the same hardness, five to seven units on the Mohs scale, have machined these women bunches materials such as granite, ceramic, glass, etc. When working on these materials women tips tools wear out quickly, resulting in dramatically decreased the depth of processing and deteriorates the image quality. Therefore, such tools require repeated sharpening in the process of making even a single image size of 300 mm×400 mm

Potentially more perfect instrument for percussion engraving can be created when using as a working part of the tool diamond or carbide, such as CBN, hessonite, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide, etc.

However, for successful application of diamond or carbide determine the optimal geometric shape and dimensions of the working part of the shock engraving device. Geometrical shape and dimensions of the working part of the engraving device must be associated with physical and technical characteristics of the processed material, so one of the objectives of the invention is the fast search of optimal ranges of geometrical shapes and sizes of devices for a wide range of workpiece materials from mild elastic-plastic to brittle solid.

The existing level of technological development in the field of manufacturing devices with diamond and carbide working part is characterized by the information below.

Famous diamond needle, designed for editing single resubstituting circles ([1] Needle diamond. Technical conditions. GOST 17564-85), as well as grinding wheels straight and shaped profiles and manufactured for the needs of national economy and exports. The basic sizes of needles, as well as the geometry and sizes of diamonds and requirements shall be as specified in [1], ([2] Diamonds in the rims. Technical conditions. GOST 22908-78) drawings and tables.

Known needle with a diamond tip for measuring the hardness methods Rockwell and Vickers, the microhardness of metals and alloys, as well as diamond jaunty for measuring the hardness method Shor. The main types, sizes, and requirements for diamond tips are given in ([3] Tips and jaunty diamond to devices for measuring the hardness of metals and alloys. Technical conditions. GOST 9377-81).

Known needle with a diamond tip for cutting glass ([4] diamond glass cutter. GOST 10111-85).

Famous diamond tools for scribing semiconductor wafers on the crystals, the working of which is made in the form of a pyramid, wherein to improve cut quality and the hundred and the bones of his tool cutting edges are made rounded ([5] Copyright certificate №1413969/25-8 from 12.03.1970 year). It should be noted that the scribing is the separation of the workpiece material by a cut with a cutter on each side at a certain depth, so the parameters of the working part of the tool does not provide the required resistance to shock loads, strength, and durability.

A common feature of the diamond tips listed in the references is:

- limited range used geometric shapes working part of the tool;

a small range of possible angles of sharpening;

- stringent tolerances on angles sharpening.

Experimental studies on the use of the aforementioned tools in the technology of automated shock engraving show that you cannot get acceptable image quality and the durability of the tool. This can be explained by the fact that the requirements for the tools in [1]-[5] are not taken into account the physical specifics of the impact of technology in a wide range of hardness of the processed material and implement the necessary characteristics of the instrument. In addition, stringent tolerances significantly increase the cost of the tool.

Known working tool (device) for printing the image on a hard surface - the Device for realization of shocks in Nan the attachment image on a solid surface" ([6] Application for invention No. 2007124825 from 03.07.2007,), selected as a prototype.

The device consists of a housing with a diamond or carbide tip, and the tip of the tip lies on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the housing, the tip is made in the form of an irregular pyramid with different areas of faces and angles at the vertex, the number of sides from three to ten, the angle of sharpening all faces at the vertex irregular pyramid lie in the range from 45° to 130°, and the ratio of the height of the tip to the length of the body ranges from 0,006 to 0.16; the housing has a cylindrical shank, and the ratio of stem diameter to the diameter lies in the range from 0.2 to 1.2, the ratio the length of the shank to the length of the body is in the range from 0.8 to 0.32 [6].

The drawbacks of the prototype are:

a small depth of treatment of certain materials, such as steel, plastic, which reduces the image quality;

- high complexity Peresetsky, which significantly increases operating costs;

insufficient reserve of dynamic stability of the tool during the processing of granite, porcelain, glass, etc. that reduces the quality of the treatment;

- wasteful consumption of the working part of the tool, affecting its mass, and therefore, the oscillation frequency of the Electromechanical fibergeneration controlling the movement of the tool and performance.

The causes of these shortcomings are the following features of the design for the prototype.

The reason for the small depth of processing is the shape of the tip and the range of angle of sharpening the tip. Thus, the shape of the surface of the tip in the form of an irregular pyramid and sharpening angles from 45° to 130° do not allow to realize all the possibilities on the depth of penetration of the device, for example, plastic, solid wood or metal.

The complexity of the process of Peresetsky due to the fact that in a constructive scheme of the instrument is missing the landing surface (or, in the simplest case, the label), in a certain way related to the location of the work faces of the tool at the top. This design flaw significantly increases the complexity of Peresetsky.

Cause wasteful consumption of material is the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the device, which is not always possible to perform the required optimal size and shape of the device.

The objective of the invention: increasing the life of the device by giving the working part of the device optimal geometric shapes, sizes and angle sharpening, improved quality, processing performance, increasing the depth of processing, improving the design and material saving.

Hereinafter the invention under the mother of the scrap tip device for printing the image on the surface of solid materials by the method of drums and percussion-rotary engraving should be understood as a diamond, and any tverdosplav, for example, CBN, win, hexonet etc. the tip of the device is divided into two parts - the support at the base and working at the vertex. The ratio of the working and supporting parts can be arbitrary and is defined in the manufacture and sharpening of the tip of the device, based on the geometric shape and size of the crystal used as a tip. In addition, the text of the invention under shock engraving refers not only shock, but shock-rotational methods of printing images on a hard surface, and claimed in the invention the device involves the use of both the drums and percussion-rotary technology.

The main technical result of the invention is to provide a device for printing the image on the surface of solid materials of different nature by shock or shock rotary engraving with optimal ranges of geometrical shapes and dimensions of the tip, the working part of which serves as a diamond, for example natural or synthetic, and hard alloy, such as wins, hexonet, Elbor, etc.

To solve technical problems features.

To improve wear resistance and stability, as well as extend the capabilities of the device according to the depth of the e processing, quality and performance in the first embodiment, the handpiece is made in the form of a combination of two geometric shapes: faceted truncated reference pyramid at the base of the tip and multifaceted pyramid at the apex of the tip, the number of faces of each pyramid of three or more angles at the vertices of the faces that form as a reference and the working portion of the tip, can be equal to, partially or equal to not equal to each other, and the angle of sharpening the working side of the tip lies in the range from 15° to 175°. Hereinafter, this embodiment of the tip will be called "the pyramid the pyramid.

In the second embodiment, the handpiece is made in the form of a combination of two geometric shapes: faceted truncated reference pyramid at the base of the tip and working cone at the apex of the tip, the number of faces of the reference pyramid of three or more angles at the vertices of the faces that form the base of the tip, can be equal to, partially or equal to not equal to each other, and the angle of sharpening the working side of the tip lies in the range from 15° to 175°. Hereinafter, this embodiment of the tip will be called "the cone on the pyramid.

In the third embodiment, the tip is made in the form of a combination of two geometric shapes: the support of a truncated cone at the base of the tip and multifaceted pyramid at the top, however, is ecnica, the number of working faces of the pyramid from three or more angles at the vertices of the faces forming the working portion of the tip, can be equal to, partially or equal to not equal to each other, and the edge angle at the vertex of from 15° to 175°. Hereinafter, this embodiment of the tip will be called "the pyramid on the cone.

In the fourth embodiment, the handpiece is made in the form of a combination of two geometric shapes: the support of a truncated cone at the base of the tip and working cone at the apex of the tip, and the edge angle at the vertex of from 15° to 175°. Hereinafter, this embodiment of the tip will be called "cone in cone".

In the case of the operational part of the handpiece in the form of a cone under the grinding angle α refers to twice the angle between the longitudinal axis of symmetry 6 of the tip passing through its top, and the generatrix of the cone 14 (Fig, a). In the case of the operational part of the tip in the shape of a pyramid under the grinding angle α refers to twice the angle between the longitudinal axis of symmetry 6 of the tip passing through its top, and a height of 15 dropped from the vertices forming the working portion of the tip to the opposite side (Fig, b).

To reduce the cost of the products obtained by reducing operating costs due to repeated reuse of the device is offered in all variants on the body of the device, for example, in the shank or body, to perform a risk that determines the mounting position when re-grinding of the faces.

All this can be achieved by using the device proposed in the invention design.

Figure 1-11 and 16-18 presents schemes of performance diamond or carbide tip as the working part of the device for printing the image on a solid surface by shock engraving on Fig-15 - pictures of experimental samples engraving needles with diamond and carbide tips made in accordance with this invention. To study the characteristics of engraving needles are used engraving machines series "Graph-3K, mass-produced LLC SAUNO Ltd..

Figure 1 shows the design of the device.

Figure 2 presents a view of the working part of diamond or carbide tip in the form of a many-sided pyramid with equal (figure 2, a) and unequal (2, b) the angles at the vertices of the faces forming the working portion of the tip.

Figure 3 Dan view of the working part of diamond or carbide tip in the form of a cone.

Figure 4 presents the ratio of cross sections of a tip in the shape of a pyramid and cone-shaped at the same angles of sharpening.

Figure 5 shows the device with a mark on hosto the ICA.

Figure 6 presents a view of diamond or carbide tip in the shape of a pyramid the pyramid.

Figure 7 presents a view of diamond or carbide tip in the form of a single pyramid.

On Fig presents a view of diamond or carbide tip in the form of a cone on the pyramid.

Figure 9 presents a view of diamond or carbide tip in the shape of a pyramid on a cone".

Figure 10 presents a view of diamond or carbide tip in the form of a cone on the cone.

Figure 11 presents a view of diamond or carbide tip in the form of a single cone.

On Fig presents a photograph of the experimental sample engraving needle with a diamond tip in the form of a single cone, made in accordance with this invention.

On Fig presents a photograph of the experimental sample engraving needle with a diamond tip in the shape of a pyramid on the cone, made in accordance with this invention.

On Fig presents a photograph of the experimental sample engraving needle without an explicit selection of the shank with a diamond tip and mounting thread, made in accordance with this invention.

On Fig presents a sample implementation of an experimental prototype of the engraving needle with diamond nakonec the ICOM in the form of an octagonal pyramid with indication of the geometric dimensions, made in accordance with this invention.

On Fig presents the top tip of the cutting tool, made with rounding.

On Fig presents a view of the tip in the shape of a pyramid from the top with zatuplenie cutting edges of the working of the pyramid in an enlarged scale.

On Fig shows the definition fragile sharpening the working side of the tip in the form of a cone (Fig, a) and in the shape of a pyramid (Fig, b).

The proposed device is made as follows. A device for implementing impact on a solid surface consists of a shank 1, a body 2, the support part 3 of the handpiece and of the working part 4 of the handpiece (figure 1). The tip is attached to the housing 2 by soldering or other means. Top 5 tip lies on the longitudinal axis of symmetry 6 of the housing 2 and/or shank 1, by means of which the device is mounted in the needle holder (not shown in figure 1) clamping collet or another type.

In the first embodiment the tip of the device is made as a combination of geometric shapes: faceted truncated reference pyramid 3 at the base of the tip and multifaceted pyramid 4 at the apex of the tip (6). The number of faces of each pyramid from three or more angles at the vertices of the faces γ_i, i≥3 (figure 2, a, b), forming the reference and the working portion of the tip, can be the equal, partially equal or not equal, the grinding angle of the working portion of the tip lies in the range from 15° to 175°. Figure 2 shows examples of the performance of the working portion of the tip with equal (figure 2, a) and unequal (2, b) the angles at the vertices of the faces. This form of tip when it strikes the surface of a plastically deformable material, such as plexiglass, metal, solid wood, plastic, etc., gives microglobuline, the shape of the tip, giving the image a variety of micro-relief. At this point the image is of higher quality than when using the prototype. Studies of the device with the shape of the tip of the pyramid the pyramid showed that the supporting pyramid reduces the longitudinal stresses in the strike tip, and increases the lifetime of the device by more than 15%.

The working part of the tip in the shape of a pyramid also allows you to improve the quality of bitmap and brittle anisotropic materials such as stone, glass and so on, to improve the appearance and reflectivity obtained recesses, so that the image gets improved reflective structure. This eventually allows to improve the image quality in General. Unlike the device of the prototype, where the maximum is number of faces - ten, the increase in the number of faces of the pyramid, the proposed device can withstand higher values of longitudinal and transverse forces resulting from an impact, and also increases the resistance of the tip to the destruction.

We do not exclude the implementation of the tip in the form of two pyramids with the same number of faces. Also, do not exclude the implementation of the tip in the form of two pyramids with equal angles of sharpening. In the particular case when matching the number of sides and corners sharpening supporting and working pyramids get the device has a tip in the form of a single multi-faceted pyramid (Fig.7). Not excluded the only working part of the tip in the shape of a pyramid and the base portion remains without mechanical processing, that is, without giving it any geometric shape. This reduces the processing time of the working portion of the tip and the device in General, and also reduces the cost of the device.

In the case of the work of the pyramid with equal angles at the vertex faces the image is of higher quality than the run of the labor pyramid with unequal angles at the vertices of the faces forming the working portion of the tip, but on the other hand, a working pyramid with unequal angles at the vertices of the faces technologically easier and cheaper.

The smaller the angle for the glasses NIB the deeper and more relief is obtained the image. Related to this is the expansion of the range of the angle of the sharpening down to 15°. In addition, the more faces of the pyramid, the greater the longitudinal and transverse stiffness of the tip of the device upon impact, which provides greater resistance to destruction.

In addition, the device with the top in the shape of a pyramid allows you to process material in a rotary percussive mode, where the edges of the pyramid play the role of the cutting edges of the tool, the greater the number of faces of the pyramid, the purer the product surface and higher processing performance.

Based on the results of our experimental studies for option "pyramid the pyramid depending on the structure and hardness of the surfaces of the processed materials are three recommended range of angles of sharpening the working side of the tip:

for plastically deformable materials, such as plexiglass, metal, solid wood, plastic, etc. recommended sharpening angle lies in the range from 15° to 60° (±5°;

for brittle materials with hardness ranging from three to five units on the Mohs scale, such as marble, limestone, etc. recommended sharpening angle lies in the range from 60° to 90° ±5°;

for processing materials with a hardness of more than five single is C Mohs, such as granite, glass, ceramic, etc. recommended sharpening angle lies in the range from 90° to 175° with a tolerance of ±5°.

However, it must be emphasized that the production of a tip in the shape of a pyramid the pyramid" technologically more complicated and more expensive than other options.

In the second embodiment, the handpiece is made in the form of a combination of geometric shapes: faceted truncated reference pyramid 3 at the base of the tip and working cone 4 at the apex of the tip (Fig). The number of faces of the reference pyramid of three or more angles at the vertices of the faces γ_i, i≥3 (figure 2), can be equal to, partially or equal to not equal to each other, the corners of the sharpening support multi-faceted pyramid and working cone at the apex of the tip are in the range from 15° to 175°.

The working part of the tip of the cone shape allows you to get the image more depth to the pieces of elastic material than when using tip made according to the first variant with the same angles of sharpening. This is because the cross-sectional area of the tip of the conical shape, representing the circle of 8 (figure 4), is less than the cross-sectional area of the tip in the shape of a pyramid, representing the polygon 9. Due to the fact that the round shape of each hole is equally reflects light evenly with any t is his review, using the working side of the tip of the cone shape allows you to improve the quality and appearance of the overall image.

The device, made on the second version, easier to manufacture, unlike the first version, and has a lower cost. However, in this embodiment, the top of the tip wears out faster when working on materials such as stone, glass, ceramic, etc. than in the ground at the same angle sharpening the working side of the tip. The working part of the tip in the form of a cone has a smaller longitudinal and transverse rigidity to shock loads, compared with the first option, where the stiffness is provided by the edges of the pyramid. Studies have shown, percussion-rotary operation device performed by the second option, provides better image quality than in the shock mode, especially when performing artistic and decorative images on the surface of the plastically deformable materials.

Depending on the structure and hardness of the surfaces of the processed materials for option "cone on the pyramid" based on the results of the experiment are three recommended range of angles of sharpening the working side of the tip:

for treatment of plastically deformable material, such as plexiglass, metal, solid is e wood, plastic, etc. from 15° to 40° (±5°;

for brittle materials with hardness not more than five units on the Mohs scale, such as marble, limestone, etc. from 60° to 90° ±5°;

for brittle materials with hardness above five units on the Mohs scale, such as granite, basalt, gabbro, granite, glass, etc. from 100° to 175° with a tolerance of ±5°.

In the third variant the tip of the device is made as a combination of geometric shapes: reference truncated cone 3 at the base of the tip and multifaceted pyramid 4 at the apex of the tip (figure 9). The number of working faces of the pyramid of three or more, preferably up to twenty, the angles at the vertices of the faces γ_i, i≥3 (figure 2), forming the working portion of the tip, can be equal to, partially or equal to not equal to each other, sharpening angle as the reference and the working side of the tip lies in the range from 15° to 175°. Figure 2 shows examples of the performance of the working portion of the tip with equal (figure 2, a) and unequal (2, b) the angles at the vertices of the faces. Figure 9 shows an example of execution of the handpiece in the form of a pyramid on a cone". When hitting the tip of this form on the surface of a plastically deformable material, such as plexiglass, metal, solid wood, plastic etc. you get microglobuline, the shape of the tip, giving out is to represent the diversity of micro-relief. At this point the image is of higher quality than when using the prototype.

The working part of the tip in the shape of a pyramid can improve the quality of the bitmap on the fragile anisotropic materials such as stone, glass and so on, to improve the appearance and reflectivity obtained recesses, so that the image gets improved reflective structure. This eventually allows to improve the image quality in General. Unlike the device of the prototype, where the maximum number of faces to ten, increasing the number of faces of the pyramid, the proposed device can withstand higher values of longitudinal and transverse forces resulting from an impact, and also increases the resistance of the tip to the destruction.

The smaller the angle of sharpening the tip, the deeper and more relief is obtained the image. Related to this is the expansion of the range of the angle of the sharpening down to 15°.

In addition, the device with the top in the shape of a pyramid allows you to process material in a rotary percussive mode, where the edges of the pyramid play the role of the cutting edges of the tool, the greater the number of faces of the pyramid, the purer the product surface and higher processing performance.

Unlike the first dvuhvalenten, production tip in the shape of a pyramid on a cone" technologically easier and cheaper, and the resulting stiffness and resistance to shock loads comparable with values obtained in the first embodiment, but exceeds the largest value obtained for the second option.

For the third option, depending on the structure and hardness of the surfaces of the processed materials based on the results of the experiments are three recommended range of angles of sharpening:

for plastically deformable materials, such as plexiglass, metal, solid wood, plastic, etc. recommended sharpening angle lies in the range from 15° to 60° (±5°;

for brittle materials with hardness ranging from three to five units on the Mohs scale, such as marble, limestone, etc. recommended sharpening angle lies in the range from 60° to 90° ±5°;

for processing materials with a hardness of more than five units on the Mohs scale, such as granite, glass, ceramic, etc. recommended sharpening angle lies in the range from 90° to 175° with a tolerance of ±5°.

In the fourth embodiment, the handpiece is made in the form of a combination of geometric shapes: reference truncated cone 3 at the base of the tip and working cone 4 at the apex of the tip (figure 10). The corners of sharpening the reference cone and working cone at the apex of the tip lie in in the Arvale from 15° to 175°.

In the particular case of (11)with matching angles for sharpening the reference and working the cones, the resulting device has a tip in the form of a cone without division into two parts - basic and working. Not excluded the only working part of the tip in the form of a cone, and the base portion remains without mechanical processing, that is, without giving it any geometric shape. This reduces the processing time of the working portion of the tip and the device in General, and also reduces the cost of the device. The working part of the tip of the cone shape allows you to get the image more depth to the pieces of elastic material than when using tip made according to the first and third options at the same angles of sharpening. Due to the fact that the round shape of each hole is equally uniformly reflects light from any point of view, the use of the working portion of the tip in the form of a cone allows to improve the quality and appearance of the overall image.

The device, made according to the fourth variant is the most technologically simple to manufacture and, in contrast to the first, second and third variants, has the lowest cost. However, in this embodiment, the top of the tip wears out faster when working on materials such as stone, glass, Keramag the nits etc., than in the first and third at the same angles of sharpening the working side of the tip. The working part of the tip of the cone shape provides less longitudinal and transverse stiffness to impact loads than in the form of a pyramid. Studies have shown, percussion-rotary operation device made according to the fourth variant, provides better image quality than in the shock mode, especially when performing artistic and decorative images on the surface of the plastically deformable materials.

Depending on the structure and hardness of the surfaces of the processed materials for option "cone in cone" on the basis of the performed experiments are three recommended range of angles of sharpening the working side of the tip:

for treatment of plastically deformable material, such as plexiglass, metal, solid wood, plastic, etc. from 15° to 40° (±5°;

for brittle materials with hardness not more than five units on the Mohs scale, such as marble, limestone, etc. from 60° to 90° ±5°;

for brittle materials with hardness above five units on the Mohs scale, such as granite, basalt, gabbro, granite, glass, etc. from 100° to 175° with a tolerance of ±5°.

Studies have shown that the implementation of the tip in the form of a combination of two geo is etnicheskih figures allows to increase the rigidity, impact strength and dynamic stability of the tip of the device compared to the tip of the device prototype. In particular, it is found experimentally that described a constructive solution allows you to increase productivity by 20%, endurance by 15%.

In all of these embodiments, the top 5 tip 4 of the device may be rounding 11 (Fig) in order to reduce stress concentration in the area of the apex of the tip in engraving and a corresponding increase in impact resistance and durability of the device, the shape of the surface curvature can be arbitrary, for example, any surface of the rotation of the third order, with a radius of not more than 0.2 mm

In addition, versions of the tip in the shape of a pyramid (the first and third options) in order to reduce stress concentration ribs 12 of the working of the pyramid, forming the top 5 of the handpiece, can be partially blunt the form of dullness can arbitrary (Fig), for example in the case of rounding the corner radius may be in the range of from 0.035 mm to 0.2 mm, and the length of the chord of the arc formed by the edge - from 0.055 mm to 0.3 mm Procedure blunting may be performed after sharpening tool simultaneously with the operation of a rounding top. Experimentally determined increase in working resource ince the tool at 20% in a single sharpening with "rounding" and "dull" with the above parameters.

Examples of performance parts handpiece for processing different materials.

Example 1. For applying a halftone pattern on the surface of the polymer plastic with external decorative film of the three variants, the most preferred is a needle with a carbide tip, made on the second or fourth options, that is, with working part at the apex of the tip in the form of a cone, with the sharpening angle at the vertex of 15°-40° with a tolerance of ±5°. In the manufacture of the tip of the conical carbide device will be cheaper, but, as experiments show, the diamond tip provides better image quality at the expense of "deeper elevation"owing to the lower coefficient of friction during the implementation of the tip in an elastic-plastic surface. However, carbide tip, for example, CBN, with the same angle sharpening works twice as long as the diamond tip greater the risk of concentration of shock stresses at the top and the occurrence of cracks and chips due to the high hardness and fragility.

Example 2. For applying artistic image on the surface of the marble tiles of the three variants, the most preferred is the needle both diamond and carbide tip, ispolnennym on the first or third options, in the form of a hexagonal pyramid with equal angles at the vertices of the faces and the edge angle at the vertex of 85°±5°, while the needle is made by the third variant, cheaper and easier to manufacture than the first option.

Example 3. For applying artistic image on the surface of black granite, such as gabbro, which is widely used for manufacturing of monuments, of the three variants of the devices with the same sharpening angle is preferable from an economic and technical point of view is a needle with a diamond tip, performed on the first and third options, but in the shape of a pyramid with a partially equal or unequal angles at the vertices of the faces forming the working portion of the tip. It should be noted that granite, like marble, has many varieties, differing in crystal structure and hardness, so the best is a tool with a diamond tip, made in the form of a pyramid with a number of faces from eight to twelve and a sharpening angle at the vertex of 100°-145° (±5°. The harder the material being processed, the more it is recommended to use the number of faces of the pyramid, seeking thus to the cone-shaped tip with a large angle of sharpening. This applies to both diamond and carbide tips. SEL is R grinding angle in this range is explained by the analysis of the force interaction of the diamond tip with a surface of the product and conducted experiments on the formation and propagation of cracks in the working part of diamond tip when you strike it against a hard surface.

On Fig-14 presents pictures of the engraving needle with a diamond tip, which was used in the experiments for the application of art images on a solid surface in engraving machines series "Graph-3K", produced by LLC SAUNO Ltd..

It should be noted that, as shown by the results of experiments, in all instances, the extension of the range of the angle of sharpening in the upper side to 175° allows for maximum processing performance and resistance to destruction, because when you increase the angle of sharpening the square formed by the holes is increased in comparison with the device prototype.

The diamond as the abrasive material is more efficient when processing materials with higher hardness and fragility, such as granite, gabbro, ceramics, porcelain, glass, etc. carbide effective for materials with lower hardness and higher viscosity, such as plastic, hard wood, soft metals and alloys.

To evaluate the wear resistance, durability, and quality of the obtained image on the basis of the results of experimental studies were conducted comparative analysis of the engraving needle with working part of diamond and carbide working part made of the victory of the ITA, hessonite, CBN and other studies show that in all cases for hard, brittle materials the life of the needles with working part of diamond more than needles, with working parts made of tverdosplav. For example, the needle of hexamita or CBN useless shock engraving on granite tile two images of size 300 mm×400 mm and requires regrinding, and the needle working part of diamond allows you to perform from three to twenty or more images of the same size and also provide for a higher quality image.

Studies also show that the resistance to fracture at the tip of the pyramidal form is higher than that tapered at the same angle sharpening, and with the increase in the number of faces of the working part of the tip, the resistance to the destruction of the peaks increases. The size of the resulting hole with a pyramidal-shaped tip more, and the depth of the hole is smaller than the tip cone-shaped.

With increasing angle sharpening the working side of the tip of the device is more stable. The greater the number of faces of the pyramid tip device, so it is more difficult and expensive, but it is more resistant to shock.

The optimal position of the device with the pyramidal shape of the tip in the needle holder is overlapping the edges of the working peers the water with the direction of longitudinal movement of the device. In this case, the maximum durability of the device and its resistance to shock destructive influences. The position of the device in the needle holder is provided, in particular, with the risks that are performed on the body of the device, allowing you to set the desired spatial position. In addition, risk may play a role ID of the device to protect against unauthorized copying. The optimal condition for the quality and effectiveness of the device that provides the maximum destruction of the surface and the durability of the diamond tip to destruction, is strictly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the tip passing through its top, the plane of the workpiece surface at the point of touch. This condition is crucial when selecting geometric shapes and dimensions of the shank and body of the engraving device for drums and percussion-rotary modes. A guide to choosing the optimal geometrical dimensions of the engraving device is also reducing its mass at the required rigidity and dynamic stability. It should also be taken into account geometrical dimensions of the needle clamp, Electromechanical fibergeneration and all items pertaining to engraving device. Accordingly, the shank 1 of the housing 2 can have in the General case of arbitrary geometric shape. The ratio of the length of the shank 1 to the length of the housing 2, and the ratio of the sectional area of the shank 1 to the cross-sectional area of the housing 2 is specifically determined by the technical conditions of use of the device, as well as the size of the crystals used for the manufacture of a working part. Theoretical calculations and experimental studies have shown that when the shank and body in cylindrical form, the ratio of stem diameter to the diameter lies in the range from 0.2 to 1.2, and the ratio of the length of the shank to the length of the case lies in the range from 0.12 to 2.8. If the shank has a cylindrical shape, it is not excluded the application of the fastening thread for mounting (Fig).

Work with the proposed device for all variants is as follows.

The device is fixed shank in the needle holder (not shown in figure 1). The device oscillates, and in the case of a percussion-rotary engraving technology more and rotational motion, according to control commands received from the control unit of the machine. When the tip of the working part of the hits in the surface and leaves an ordered sequence of recesses corresponding form when working on an elastic material or indefinite form when working on fragile materials, the development of the first surface of the partial removal of the layer of material. The control unit provides for the free movement of the device relative to the workpiece surface in the working area of the machine on all three spatial coordinates X, Y, Z.

The proposed device allows to provide optimal modes at drawing images on a hard surface, to improve the performance and image quality, and reduce production costs and increase the life of the device.

1. The device for printing the image on the surface of solid materials by means of drums or percussion-rotary engraving consisting of a shank, the body and the tip, wherein the tip of the device is made as a combination of two geometric shapes: the many-sided truncated pyramid at the base of the tip and working multi-faceted pyramid at the apex of the tip, the number of faces of each pyramid of three or more, and the sharpening angles are in the range from 15 to 175°.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angles of sharpening the reference and working pyramids are made equal.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angles of sharpening the reference and working pyramids are made different.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angles at the vertices of the faces forming the working and reference section at the end made equal to the, or partially equal or unequal to one another.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working pyramid rotated relative to the reference pyramid in the space around the longitudinal axis of the device, passing through the top of the tip.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the top of the tip is performed by rounding.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working edges of the pyramid in the apex region of the handpiece made with partial zatuplenie.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, to simplify the process of re-sharpening the working side of the tip, and to protect against forgery and unlicensed copy on the shank or on the housing is made of risk.

9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical part of the shank applied fastening thread or other technological device for the mounting of the device in the needle holder.

10. The device for printing the image on the surface of solid materials by means of drums or percussion-rotary engraving consisting of a shank and housing with diamond or carbide tip, characterized in that the working portion of the tip of the device is made in the form of a many-sided pyramid, with the number of faces of three or more, the grinding angle is in the range from 15 to 175°, the case where the cylindrical shank, the ratio of stem diameter to the diameter lies in the range from 0.2 to 1.2, the ratio of the length of the shank to the length of the case lies in the range from 0.12 to 2.8.

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the supporting part of the tip has an arbitrary geometric shape, starting from the initial raw form of the crystal and to form geometric shapes in the form of a truncated pyramid.

12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the angles at the vertices of the faces forming the working portion of the tip, is made equal to or partially equal or unequal to one another.

13. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the top of the tip is performed by rounding.

14. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the working edges of the pyramid in the area of the apex of the tip is made with zatuplenie.

15. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that, to simplify the process of re-sharpening the working side of the tip, and to protect against forgery and unlicensed copy on the shank or on the housing is made of risk.

16. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the cylindrical part of the shank applied fastening thread or other technological device for the mounting of the device in the needle holder.

17. Device for printing the image on the surface of a solid mA the materials by shock or shock rotary engraving, consisting of a shank, the body and the tip, wherein the tip of the device is made as a combination of two geometric shapes: the many-sided truncated pyramid at the base of the tip and working cone at the apex of the tip, the number of faces of the reference pyramid of three or more, and the corners of the sharpening support of the pyramid and working cone are in the range from 15° to 175°.

18. The device according to 17, characterized in that the top of the tip is performed by rounding.

19. The device according to 17, characterized in that, to simplify the process of re-sharpening the working side of the tip, and to protect against forgery and unlicensed copy on the shank or on the housing is made of risk.

20. The device according to 17, characterized in that the cylindrical part of the shank applied fastening thread or other technological device for the mounting of the device in the needle holder.

21. The device for printing the image on the surface of solid materials by means of drums or percussion-rotary engraving consisting of a shank, the body and the tip, wherein the tip of the device is made as a combination of two geometric shapes: the support of a truncated cone at the base of the tip and working multi-faceted pyramid at the top Nakonechny the ka, the number of working faces of the pyramid of three or more, and the angles of sharpening the reference cone and the working of the pyramid are in the range from 15 to 175°.

22. The device according to item 21, wherein the apex of the tip is performed by rounding.

23. The device according to item 21, wherein the ribs of the working pyramids in the area of the apex of the tip is made with zatuplenie.

24. The device according to item 21, wherein, with the aim of simplifying the process of re-sharpening the working side of the tip, and to protect against forgery and unlicensed copy on the shank or on the housing is made of risk.

25. The device according to item 21, wherein the cylindrical portion of the shank applied fastening thread or other technological device for the mounting of the device in the needle holder.

26. The device for printing the image on the surface of solid materials by means of drums or percussion-rotary engraving consisting of a shank, the body and the tip, wherein the tip of the device is made as a combination of two geometric shapes: the support of a truncated cone at the base of the tip and working cone at the apex of the tip angles of sharpening the reference cone and working cone are in the range from 15 to 175°.

27. The device according to p, characterized in that the angles of sharpening pornog the cone and the working cone are not equal.

28. The device according to p, characterized in that the top of the tip is performed by rounding.

29. The device according to p, characterized in that, to simplify the process of re-sharpening the working side of the tip, and to protect against forgery and unlicensed copy on the shank or on the housing is made of risk.

30. The device according to p, characterized in that the cylindrical part of the shank applied fastening thread or other technological device for the mounting of the device in the needle holder.

31. The device for printing the image on the surface of solid materials by means of drums or percussion-rotary engraving consisting of a shank, the body and the tip, wherein the working portion of the tip of the device is made in the form of a cone, the grinding angle of the cone is in the range from 15 to 175°, a casing provided with a cylindrical shank, the ratio of stem diameter to the diameter lies in the range from 0.2 to 1.2, the ratio of the length of the shank to the length of the case lies in the range from 0.12 to 2.8.

32. The device according to p, characterized in that the supporting part of the tip has an arbitrary geometric shape, starting from the initial raw form of the crystal and to form geometric shapes in the form of a truncated cone.

33. Give the TWT on p, characterized in that the top of the tip is performed by rounding.

34. The device according to p, characterized in that, to simplify the process of re-sharpening the working side of the tip, and to protect against forgery and unlicensed copy on the shank or on the housing is made of risk.

35. The device according to p, characterized in that the cylindrical part of the shank applied fastening thread or other technological device for the mounting of the device in the needle holder.