Chaotic vibration generator. RU patent 2416144.
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FIELD: electricity.
SUBSTANCE: chaotic vibration generator includes the first and the second capacitive elements, inductive element, resistor and non-linear impedance converter.
EFFECT: enlarging the interval of operating frequencies of generator, and improving control capabilities of chaotic signal parametres.
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The present invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used as a source of chaotic electromagnetic waves.
Known generator of chaotic oscillations (Traumata. Chaos in electronic circuits. TIER, 1987, CH, No. 8, p.76-79, 19, 20), containing a capacitor, a first output which is connected to the first output device with negative conductivity, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output of the parallel oscillating circuit, the second terminal of which is connected with the second output capacitor.
Also known generator of chaotic oscillations (Auspiciously, Migrainous. A simple oscillator with stochastic behavior. Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1978, CH, No. 2, s)containing a tunnel diode, the anode of which is connected with the first resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the first inductor, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output device with negative resistance, a second output which is connected to the cathode of the tunnel diode and parallel to the tunnel diode and the device with negative resistance connected respectively to the first and second capacitors.
The disadvantage of these generators is the limited range of variation of the characteristics of chaotic signal due to the smallest possible change the shape characteristics of the nonlinear element.
The closest to the technical nature of the claimed device is a generator of chaotic oscillations (Vgeronimol Generator of chaotic oscillations. Pat. Of the Russian Federation No. 2273088, publ. 27.03.2006, bull. No. 9), containing a resistor, a first output of which is connected to the first terminals of inductive element and the first capacitive element, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output nonlinear output of the impedance Converter and the first output of the second capacitive element, the second terminal of which is connected with the second output nonlinear output of the impedance Converter, the transfer characteristic which is such that the current flowing through the weekend conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter, is a unique function of the current flowing through the inlet conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter, the voltage at the first input the output of the nonlinear transducer impedance is equal to the voltage at the first output of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter, the voltage at the second input the output of the nonlinear transducer impedance is equal to the voltage at the second output of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter.
The disadvantage of this generator of chaotic oscillations is that the feedback signal is fed to the input of the nonlinear impedance Converter formed through the inductive element and the resistor divider current, acts as a lowpass filter that attenuates high-frequency component of the spectrum of the input current, which degrades the frequency range of the nonlinear impedance Converter, thus reducing the range of operating frequencies of the generator.
In addition, there is no ability to control the characteristics of the generated chaotic signal by the independent task of inclination of each side segment of the characteristics of the nonlinear element, and an independent establishment of the boundary between the middle and each side segment.
The aim of the invention is to expand the range of operating frequencies of the generator, as well as increased opportunities for regulation of parameters of the chaotic signal by providing opportunities for independent job of inclination of each side segment of the characteristics of the nonlinear element and independent of the position reference of the boundaries between segments of the characteristics of the nonlinear element.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the fact that the generator of chaotic oscillations, containing a resistor, a first output of which is connected to the first terminals of inductive element and the first capacitive element, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output nonlinear output of the impedance Converter and the first output of the second capacitive element, the second terminal of which is connected with the second output nonlinear output of the impedance Converter, the transfer characteristic which is such that the current flowing through the weekend conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter, is a unique function of the current flowing through the inlet conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter, the voltage at the first input the output of the nonlinear transducer impedance is equal to the voltage at the first output the output of the nonlinear impedance Converter, the voltage at the second input the output of the nonlinear transducer impedance is equal to the voltage at the second output of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter, the relationships between schema elements that are modified so that the second output resistor connected to the first input of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter and the second output inductive element connected to the second input of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter.
Moreover, the transfer characteristic of the nonlinear transducer impedance is defined by the equation
where i o (i I ) is the current flowing through the weekend conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter under current i I , flowing through the inlet conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter, I 01 I 02 - the absolute value of the boundary currents between the medium passing through the origin, and the side sections of the transfer characteristics, a, b1 and b2 are real coefficients, and the coefficients b1 and b2 have the same signs, the opposite sign of the coefficient a, the voltage at the first input the output of the nonlinear transducer impedance is equal to the voltage at the first output of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter, the voltage at the second input the output of the nonlinear transducer impedance is equal to the voltage at the second output of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter.
To ensure high accuracy and temperature stability of the transfer characteristic of the nonlinear impedance Converter includes first and second nonlinear two-terminal and the voltage amplifier, the inverting input, the first input the output of the nonlinear impedance Converter connected to the first output of the first nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, the second terminal of which is connected to the output of the voltage amplifier and the first output of the second nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, the second terminal of which is connected to reinvestiruet the input of the voltage amplifier, the first output output nonlinear impedance Converter, the first nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh contains the first transistor, the emitter of which, which is the first output of the first nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, connected to the output of the first current generator,
the first output of the first resistor and the first output of the second resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the output of the second current generator and emitter of the second transistor, the base of which is connected to the base of the third transistor, the output of the third current generator and emitter of the fourth transistor, the base of which is connected to the collector of the first transistor and the emitter of the fifth transistor, the base and the collector of which is connected to the collector of the second transistor, the output of the fourth current generator and the first output of the third resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the fifth output of the current generator, the collector of the sixth transistor and the base and collector of the seventh transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the base of the eighth transistor the emitter of which is connected to the base of the first transistor, the sixth output of the current generator and the base of the sixth transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the seventh output of the current generator and the first output of the fourth resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the output of the eighth current generator, a second output of the first resistor and the emitter of the third transistor, which is the second output of the first nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, the second nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh contains the fifth resistor, a first output which is the first output of the second nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, connected to the output of the ninth current generator and the base and collector of the ninth transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the base of the tenth transistor and the collector of the eleventh transistor the emitter of which is connected to the output of the tenth current generator and the first output of the sixth resistor,
the second output of which is connected to the output of the eleventh current generator and emitter of the twelfth transistor, the collector of which is connected to the base of the thirteenth transistor and the emitter of the fourteenth transistor, the base and the collector of which is connected to the output of the twelfth current generator and the second output of the fifth resistor, which is the second output of the second nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, the emitter of the tenth transistor is connected to the base of the twelfth transistor and the output of the thirteenth current generator, the emitter of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the base of the eleventh transistor and the output of the fourteenth power generator, General tires fourth, fifth, ninth and twelfth of the current generators connected to the power bus and the collector of the fourth, eighth, tenth, and the thirteenth transistor, the common bus of the first, second, seventh, eighth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth and fourteenth of current generators connected to a common bus, which is the second input and second output conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter.,
The inventive generator of chaotic oscillations is illustrated by figure 1, which shows its schematic electrical diagram, figure 2, which shows the distribution of currents and voltages in the circuit of the generator during its operation, figure 3, which shows the electric diagram of the practical implementation of the generator of chaotic oscillations, figure 4 and figure 5, which shows examples of dimensionless projection of the chaotic attractor on the plane (x, z), Fig.6 and Fig.7, which shows examples of the dependence of the dimensionless variable x from time to time, in the case of symmetric (4, 6) and asymmetric (figure 5, 7) transfer characteristic of the nonlinear impedance Converter.
The generator of chaotic oscillations contains nonlinear impedance Converter 1, the first 2 and second 3 capacitive elements, inductive element 4 and the resistor 5, the nonlinear impedance Converter includes a voltage amplifier 6, the first 7 and second 8 nonlinear two-terminal device, the first nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh contains the first 9 and second 10, the third 11, 12 fourth, fifth, 13, 14 sixth, seventh, 15 and 16 eighth transistors, the first 17 and second 18, 19 third and fourth resistors 20, the first 21, second 22, third 23 and fourth 24, 25 fifth, sixth, 26, seventh 27 and 28 eighth current generator, the second nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh contains the ninth 29, 30 tenth, eleventh 31, twelfth 32, thirteenth 33 and fourteenth 34 Consistory, 35 fifth and sixth resistors 36, ninth 37, 38 tenth, eleventh 39, twelfth 40, thirteenth 41 and fourteenth 42 current generators.
We write the equations describing the dynamics of the stated generator (see figure 2):
where C1 and C2 are the capacitance of the capacitive elements 2 and 3; L is the inductance of inductive element 4; R is the resistance of resistor 5; u C1 u C2 - variable-voltage capacitance elements 2 and 3, respectively; i C1 and i C2 - variables currents flowing in the capacitive elements 2 and 3, respectively; u L and i L - AC voltage on the inductive element 4 and flowing through him alternating current, respectively.
Solving the equation (1) with respect to and , we get the following system of differential equations
Introducing the dimensionless variables and dimensionless time , where , represent the equations in dimensionless form
where- dimensionless transfer function of the nonlinear impedance Converter; ; ; .
Nonlinear impedance Converter in the scheme of figure 3 is given in the claims transfer characteristic, the parameters of which are equal , where R 1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , R5 , R6 resistance respectively of the first 17 and second 18, 19 third, fourth, 20, 35 fifth and sixth resistors 36, I 1 is the value of the output current of the first 21 of the generator current I 2 is the value of the output current of the eighth 28 current generator. Output currents of the fourth 24 and 25 fifth of generators is equal to I 1 +I 3 and I 2 +I 3 , respectively, where I 3 is the value of the output currents of the second 22 and 27 seventh generators, which should be plenty large output currents of the first and the eighth current generators: 3 I >>I 1 , I 3 >>I 2 . Output currents of the third 23 and 26 sixth of the current generators have the same value of I 4 , are comparable in magnitude with the output currents of the first and the eighth current generators of I 1 and I 2 . Output currents of the ninth 37, 38 tenth, eleventh 39 and twelfth 40 generators have the same value of I 5 , much larger values of output currents of the first and the eighth current generators: I 5 >>I 1 , I 5 >>I 2 . Output currents of the thirteenth 41 and fourteenth 42 current generators have the same value of I 6 , which it is advisable to select equal to the value of the output currents of the third and sixth current generators I 4 .
In system (3) there are irregular self-oscillations, characterized by positive values of the senior characteristic Lyapunov exponent. For example, when a=4, b1=-8, b2=-12, d=0.7, A=2, B=5...6.5 index is equal to 0.28 0.85..., in particular, when B=5 is close to 0.46; when a=4, b1=b2=-10, d=1, A=2, B=5...6.5 index is equal to 0.28 0.45..., in particular, when B=5 is close to 0.41; when a=-12, b1=7, b2=8, d1, A=2, B=7...12 senior characteristic Lyapunov exponent is in the range from 0.4 to 0.7.
Therefore, when data values of the coefficients a, b1, b1, d, A, B in the generator of figure 1 are observed chaotic oscillations.
Let the first and second capacitive elements are first and second capacitors having capacitance C1 and C2, respectively, as the inductive element is an inductor with inductance L, R1=3 kω, R5=600 Ohms, C1=10 nF, I 0 =400 µa. Then chaotic oscillations that meets the occasion of a=4, b1=b2=-10, d=1, A=2, B=5 observed in the diagram of figure 3 when R2=R3≈3 kω, R6≈120 Ω, C2≈20 nF, L1≈4 mH, I 1 ≈I 2 ≈520 µa, I 3 =5 mA, I 4 =I 6 =1 mA, I 5 =10 mA. In order coefficients b1, b2, d took the values b1=-8, b2=-12, d=0.7, the resistors R2 and R3 must change to R2≈2 kω, R3≈Cam, and the currents I 1 and I 2 to I 1 ≈420 µa, I 2 ≈760 µa.
Figure 4 and figure 5 shows examples of the projection of the chaotic attractor on the plane (x, y) with a=4, b1=b2=-10, d=1, A=2, B=5 and a=4, b1=-8, b2=-12, d=0.7, A=2, B=5, respectively. Figure 6 shows an example of the dependence of the dimensionless variable x from the time corresponding to the attractor in figure 4. Figure 7 shows an example of the dependence of the dimensionless variable x from the time corresponding to the attractor in figure 5.
Unlike the prototype, the generator 1 is a resistor and an inductive element is included so that generated the divisor input of the nonlinear impedance Converter is a current feedback high-pass filter, free flowing high-frequency component of the spectrum of the input current, which makes full use of the operating frequency range of the nonlinear impedance Converter, causing the expansion of the range of operating frequencies of the claimed generator of chaotic oscillations.
The possibility of independent adjustment of the inclination of the side segments and the position of the boundaries between them and the middle segment of the transfer characteristic of the nonlinear impedance Converter allows you to significantly enhance realignment of the generated signal due to the possibility of implementing asymmetric varieties chaotic attractor.
Improved accuracy and temperature stability of the nonlinear transducer impedance is due to the fact that its transfer function is almost independent of the parameters of the transistors due to the mutual compensation of the emitter resistances of the transistors 9 and 13, 11 and 15, 29 and 31, 32 and 34 and a negligibly small effect on the parameters of the emitter resistances of the transistors 10, 14, 12, 16, 30 and 33.
1. The generator of chaotic oscillations, containing a resistor, a first output of which is connected to the first terminals of inductive element and the first capacitive element, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output nonlinear output of the impedance Converter and the first output of the second capacitive element, the second terminal of which is connected to the second output nonlinear output of the impedance Converter, the transfer characteristic which is such that the current flowing through the weekend conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter, is a unique function of the current flowing through the inlet conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter, the voltage at the first input the output of the nonlinear transducer impedance is equal to the voltage at the first output of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter, the voltage at the second input the output of the nonlinear transducer impedance is equal to the voltage at the second output of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter, characterized in that the second output resistor connected to the first input of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter and the second output inductive element connected to the second input of the nonlinear output of the impedance Converter.
2. The generator of chaotic oscillations according to claim 1, characterized in that the transfer characteristic of the nonlinear transducer impedance is defined by the equation
where i o (i I ) is the current flowing through the weekend conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter under current i I , flowing through the inlet conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter, I 01 I 02 - the absolute value of the boundary currents between the medium passing through the origin, and the side sections of the transfer characteristics, a, b1 and b2 are real coefficients, and the coefficients b1 and b2 have the same signs, the opposite sign of the coefficient a.
3. The generator of chaotic oscillations according to claim 2, characterized in that the non-linear impedance Converter includes first and second nonlinear two-terminal and the voltage amplifier, the inverting input, the first input the output of the nonlinear impedance Converter connected to the first output of the first nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, the second terminal of which is connected to the output of the voltage amplifier and the first output of the second nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, the second terminal of which is connected to reinvestiruet the input of the voltage amplifier, the first output output nonlinear impedance Converter, the first nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh contains the first transistor, the emitter of which, which is the first output of the first nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, connected to the output of the first current generator, the first output of the first resistor and the first output of the second resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the output of the second current generator and emitter of the second transistor,
base of which is connected to the base of the third transistor, the output of the third current generator and emitter of the fourth transistor, the base of which is connected to the collector of the first transistor and the emitter of the fifth transistor, the base and the collector of which is connected to the collector of the second transistor, the output of the fourth current generator and the first output of the third resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the fifth output of the current generator, the collector of the sixth transistor and the base and collector of the seventh transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the base of the eighth transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the base of the first transistor, the sixth output of the current generator and the base of the sixth transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the output of the seventh the current generator and the first output of the fourth resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the output of the eighth current generator, a second output of the first resistor and the emitter of the third transistor, which is the second output of the first nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, the second nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh contains the fifth resistor, a first output which is the first output of the second nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, connected to the output of the ninth current generator and the base and collector of the ninth transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the base of the tenth transistor and the collector of the eleventh transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the output of the tenth current generator and the first output of the sixth resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the output of the eleventh power generator and emitter of the twelfth transistor, the collector of which is connected to the base of the thirteenth transistor and the emitter of the fourteenth transistor,
the base and collector of which is connected to the output of the twelfth current generator and the second output of the fifth resistor, which is the second output of the second nonlinear dvukhpolosnykh, the emitter of the tenth transistor is connected to the base of the twelfth transistor and the output of the thirteenth current generator, the emitter of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the base of the eleventh transistor and the output of the fourteenth power generator, General tires fourth, fifth, ninth and twelfth of the current generators connected to the power bus and the collector of the fourth, eighth, tenth, and thirteenth transistors, the common bus of the first, second, seventh, eighth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth and fourteenth of current generators connected to a common bus that is the second input and second output conclusions the nonlinear impedance Converter.
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