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Parametric generator of traveling wave of stochastic oscillations. RU patent 2341864.

Parametric generator of traveling wave of stochastic oscillations. RU patent 2341864.
IPC classes for russian patent Parametric generator of traveling wave of stochastic oscillations. RU patent 2341864. (RU 2341864):

H03B29 - Generation of noise currents and voltages
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FIELD: radio engineering.

SUBSTANCE: parametric generator of traveling wave of stochastic oscillations contains non-linear amplifier, inertial unit, 1, ..., nth units of non-linear elements, band-pass filter of the second order and pumping oscillator.

EFFECT: increase of spectral density of power of instantaneous values of amplitudes of stochastic oscillations and obtainment of even puncheon law of distribution.

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The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used for modeling random processes, and to convert the signals carrying information, with subsequent recovery in radio engineering and computing devices.

Known noise generator [1], performed on two semiconductor diodes, the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode through a capacitor connected to the conclusions summing potentiometer.

Noise voltage occurs due to the fluctuations of the current in the avalanche breakdown of the first and second diodes in the mode of microcurrents. The amount of current in the circuit is determined by the value of resistors and voltage stabilization diode.

The disadvantage of this noise generator is it normal distribution of instantaneous values of the amplitudes of the noise, which limits the application of the generator for the simulation of stochastic and chaotic processes in Radiophysics and in natural environments with a uniform Poisson distribution and narrows its use in the conversion systems of signals that carry information.

There is a method of generating electromagnetic noise fluctuations [2] and electronic circuit generators that implement this method [3] is a prototype, called system with delayed feedback or ring system.

System with delayed feedback (SSOS) contains connected in series and enclosed in a ring of non-linear amplifier, linear inertial unit and a linear band-pass filter of the second order, and the output of bandpass filter connected to the input of the nonlinear amplifier. This SSOS becomes oscillatory when OS ×condition >1 and ϕ OS +ϕ outp +ϕ IB =2π.

When a certain ratio of the values of the gain of the nonlinear amplifier To the us , T - time delay in a linear inertial unit, designed as a linear amplifier with delay, and q - Q SSOS can experience various stochastic fluctuations, including chaotic, in which the distribution of instantaneous values of the amplitude is uniform - Poisson or close to it.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are a small range of parameter values To us , T and Q, at which there are stochastic (chaotic) oscillations, a relatively narrow band stochastic fluctuations of the carrier frequency determined by the bandwidth of the linear bandpass filter of the second order, and low instantaneous values of the amplitudes. When other, non-optimal ratios of parameters To the us , T - time delay in a linear inertial unit, and the quality factor Q of the oscillation output SSOS or weakly nonlinear harmonic or random with a normal distribution. The state dynamics of the oscillations of a system expresses the chart of dynamical modes.

This proposed invention is intended for mathematical modeling of processes in radiophysical systems and in natural environments, and to create systems convert information in broadband communications, with subsequent optimal recovery of database loss.

The technical result produced by the invention is to extend the scope of parameter values To us , T and Q of the system at which there are stochastic (chaotic) oscillations, expanding the bandwidth of these fluctuations relative to the carrier frequency is the resonance frequency of the passband filter, the increase in spectral power density of instantaneous values of the amplitudes of the stochastic fluctuations and the uniform Poisson distribution law.

This result is achieved by the fact that parametric generator traveling wave stochastic fluctuations, containing a nonlinear amplifier, the inertial unit and the band-pass filter of the second order, is further provided with 1...n blocks of nonlinear elements and a generator pump, the output of the nonlinear amplifier is connected to the input of the bandpass filter through the series-connected inertia block and 1...n blocks of nonlinear elements, the second inputs of which are connected to the generator output pump, the output of bandpass filter connected to the input of the nonlinear amplifier.

Figure 1 presents the block diagram of the parametric generator traveling wave stochastic fluctuations.

Figure 2 shows the equivalent electric diagram of a serial connection of a nonlinear element parametric system tunnel diodes.

3 shows the current-voltage characteristic of the tunnel diode, the change of energy in its capacitor (figa) and the change in the waveform (figb).

Figure 4 is given a chart of dynamical modes of the system SSOS with two nonlinear elements.

Parametric generator traveling wave stochastic oscillations contains unit 1 - non-linear amplifier unit 2 - inertia block, 3(1)...3(n)-1...n-th non-linear elements, 4 - band-pass filter, 5 - generator pumping.

Nonlinear amplifier 1 has an exponential amplitude characteristic with a gain To us .

Inertial unit 2 has a linear amplitude response delay time T.

Nonlinear elements 1...n can have any frequency independent voltage-current characteristics, for example, tunnel diode, diode Chua, varicap, etc. or any combination. Adopted by the nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics in each case will determine the nature and characteristics of the dynamic modes CSOS depending on the values of the parameters To the us , T - lag time and the Q - q line bandpass filter of the second order.

Physical and system conditions occur in SSOS traveling wave stochastic self-oscillations of a wide range are as follows.

If the input of the nonlinear system comes harmonic sinusoidal signal

X(t)=Asinωt and the nonlinear characteristics of the Converter can be decomposed in a Taylor series

Y(t)=1 and x(t)+a 2 x·2(t)+a 3 x·3(t)+..., then the output signal Y(t) after nonlinear transformation can be described as

If the system has any vibrations with the participation and Raman frequency components, such as harmonic x(t)=1 And sin(ω 1 t+ϕ 1 )+A 2 sin(ω 2 t+ϕ 1 ), then the quadratic nonlinear conversion will occur combinational components with different frequencies ω n ±ω m , the amplitude of which will be determined by the product of the corresponding amplitudes A n and A m .

In a parametric oscillator traveling wave stochastic oscillations of parametric pumping and a serial connection of n-nonlinear elements repeatedly intensify nonlinear multiples of harmonic and subharmonic transitions and resonant conversion, and thus, the system can produce oscillations of very complex shapes and a wide range. In addition, a serial connection of nonlinear elements in the circuit of the traveling wave increases the signal amplitude due to pumping.

Phenomena and processes in systems with variable parameters, time-dependent, is called parametric. If any reactance in an electrical circuit system parameter, the values of which depend on the potential and kinetic energy will be changed periodically, it is the parametric excitation of oscillations, when the ratio of one of the natural oscillations of the system ω the rate of change of the parameter is close to n/2, where n=1, 2, 3....

If the nonlinear element in the parametric system is selected, for example, a tunnel diode, which has a small value of the capacitance (figure 2) is changed in accordance with its volt-ampere characteristic (figure 3), the two switches at the expense of the pump signal tunnel diode stores the received energy, and fluctuations increase with the value of the stored energy.

Thus, all the energy pumping and the energy of the signal path are transferred to the vibrational energy of the total frequency, thereby increasing the gain and the amplitude of the signal at the output of the tunnel diode. This contributes to the expansion of the dynamic range of the oscillations and, consequently, the spectrum of fluctuations. If multiple nonlinear elements include sequentially, the electromagnetic wave propagating through the waveguide, will consistently interact with each of the parametric elements.

When optimally chosen frequencies and wavelengths of pumping the gain will grow exponentially as the signal propagation. This system is known as the power "traveling wave". In a parametric amplifier traveling wave band frequency spectrum relative to the carrier frequency is expanding and can reach 25% or more [4].

Thus, the additional supply of SSOS n-parametric non-linear elements connected in series, extends the range of the stochastic fluctuations, increases the gain and provides, thereby, a uniform - Poisson distribution of instantaneous values of the amplitudes at a much larger value of the parameter To us , T and Q.

The self-oscillation mode occurs when the system loses its stability determined by the parameters of amplitude, as works For us ×To the OS , and phase, as ϕ OS +ϕ outp +ϕ IB =2π.

Parametric generator traveling wave stochastic fluctuations is as follows.

When the feedback circuit of the parametric generator traveling wave stochastic oscillations with pre-established optimal parameter values For the CA , T and Q and dened by the amplitude and frequency of the pump or when the supply voltage as a result of current fluctuations at the output of the generator - the output of the last nonlinearities arise oscillations, the amplitude of which increases rapidly as the frequency after several cycles of quasi-harmonic oscillations becomes stochastic, chaotic. This is due to the fact that already in the very early periods of the oscillations leads to the formation of nonlinear harmonic and subharmonic components, which arise in nonlinear amplitude-frequency characteristic of the nonlinear amplifier, which then repeatedly distorted by series-connected frequency-independent characteristics of nonlinearities and which are therefore on the slopes of the characteristics of q-switched bandpass filter. Bandpass filter limits within its bandwidth fluctuation spectrum, distorting harmonics, and the delay time T of the inertial unit delay fluctuations, breaking, thus, the synchronism. All these transformations, ultimately, lead to the formation of stochastic (chaotic) oscillations with the spectrum approaching that of a solid, with a uniform distribution of peak amplitudes. The amplitude of the oscillations grow rapidly to its maximum value due to the energy of the pumping signals.

Dynamics of nonlinear systems usually show the phase portraits of the oscillations, built in the coordinates of dy/dt, y(t), where y(t) - the current value of the amplitude at the output of the oscillating system. The curve on the phase portrait is called attractor. The shape of the attractor characterizes the features of the dynamics is conservative or nonconservative fluctuations. The state dynamics of the estimate of the spectral power density.

Figure 4 shows a specific example of a map of dynamic regimes of stochastic fluctuations in the operation of the parametric generator of a traveling wave, in which the center presents the 3D values of the spectral power density fluctuations, and on the periphery of the shape of the attractors and transient waveforms at the output of the generator. The area of dense red color region of chaotic regimes.

Thus, parametric generator traveling wave stochastic oscillations provides obtaining stochastic (chaotic) oscillations, and expands the range of values of the parameters of the generator To the us , T and Q, under which such variations occur, extends the band of frequencies relative to the carrier frequency, increases the value of the spectral power density of the stochastic fluctuations and provides a uniform Poisson distribution law.

The dierences between the parametric generator traveling wave stochastic fluctuations allow it to be used for modeling random processes, and to convert the signals carrying information, with subsequent recovery in radio engineering and computing devices.

Sources of information

1. Speaker of the USSR №348156. Skulls V.F., G.A. Alekseev noise Generator. BI No. 43. 25.11.75.

2. Speaker of the USSR №1125735. Kislov VA, Massine E.A., Bogdanov E.V. Method of generating electromagnetic noise fluctuations. BI No. 43. 23.11.84.

3. Dmitriev A.S., Kislov VIA Stochastic fluctuations in Radiophysics and electronics. - M.: Nauka, 1989. 280 C.

4. Lopukhin V.M., Roshal A.S. Electron-beam parametric amplifier. - M.: Nauka. 1968. 280 C.

Parametric generator traveling wave stochastic fluctuations, containing a nonlinear amplifier, the inertial unit and the band-pass filter of the second order, is further provided with 1, ..., n blocks of nonlinear elements and a generator pump, the output of the nonlinear amplifier is connected to the input of the bandpass filter through the series-connected inertia block and 1, ..., n blocks of nonlinear elements, the second inputs of which are connected to the generator output pump, the output of bandpass filter connected to the input of the nonlinear amplifier.

 

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