Superhigh frequency wide band random signal generator. RU patent 2332780.
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Random-wave oscillator / 2273088 Proposed random-wave oscillator that incorporates provision for nonlinear signal conversion independently of physical standard values of its circuit components has inductive component, two capacitors, resistor, and nonlinear impedance converter whose transfer characteristic is described by specified equation. |
FIELD: electricity.
SUBSTANCE: according to proposed design, SHF wide band random signal generator, represents series-connected SHF wide-band amplifier, directional coupler, load, and feedback circuit connected between the other output of directional coupler and input of SHF wide-band amplifier and containing nonlinear element. The latter is designed in the form of magnetic field regulated wide band nonlinear pass-band filter on magneto-static waves, having incident area of amplitude characteristic and simultaneously providing delay of signal travelling in feedback circuit.
EFFECT: increased frequency band of generated noise-like signal.
4 dwg
The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used as a source of broadband chaotic electromagnetic signals in the range of ultra high frequencies (UHF).
There is a method of generating electromagnetic noise fluctuations, based on the use in the circuit of the noise generator covered by the feedback circuit of linear and nonlinear amplifiers, representing bulb traveling wave and named conditionally in accordance with the mode in which they worked: linear amplifier mode almost linear gain of the nonlinear amplifier in essentially nonlinear mode on the falling section of the amplitude characteristic, i.e. on the plot with a negative slope. The presence of incident area on the amplitude characteristic of the nonlinear amplifier leads to the fact that the generator turns into a noise generator, in which there are no additional external sources of the noise signal, and the mode of generation of electromagnetic noise fluctuations at the expense of own the oscillatory dynamics of the system (see A.S. No. 1125735).
Closest to the proposed invention is a noise generator of the microwave range, containing connected in series broadband microwave amplifier, a directional coupler and the load, and a feedback circuit connected between another output of the directional coupler and the input of the broadband microwave amplifier and containing a nonlinear element and a nonlinear element is designed in the form of a tunable external constant magnetic field of nonlinear ferrite resonator and the feedback circuit inputs of the delay line (see AC No. 936373; see technical physics Letters. 1984. V.10, vyp. S-1314).
The disadvantage of this device is narrowband generation of the noise signal, due to the fact that the nonlinear properties of the ferrite resonator is manifested in the frequency band of nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance component value from units to tens of megahertz.
The task of the invention is to increase the bandwidth of the generated noise-like signal, which represents the deterministic chaotic signal.
The problem is solved in that the broadband generator of chaotic signals in the microwave range according to the proposed solution is a connected in series broadband microwave amplifier, a directional coupler and the load, and a feedback circuit connected between another output of the directional coupler and the input of the broadband microwave amplifier and containing a nonlinear element made in the form of a tunable magnetic field broadband nonlinear band-pass filter on magnetostatic waves (MRV), with the falling section on the amplitude characteristic and at the same time providing the delay of the signal circulating in the feedback circuit.
Non-linear band-pass filter on the MRV consists of two microstrip lines is shielded on one side of a dielectric substrate coated on its opposite side the two microporosity (input and output) and a ferrite film located above the input and output microporosity and in direct contact with them. The free ends of both MicroProse grounded, i.e. connected through plated holes with a conductive screen. MicroProse parallel to each other, are moved relative to each other and overlap the tape across its width, the distance between microporosity should be no more than the length of the ferrite film. The direction of the external constant magnetic field is set such that in a ferrite film was excited surface MRV (PMSV)performing signal transmission from the input mitropolski to the output and delay. The value of an external constant magnetic field is selected as the excitation PSV in the working frequency range of the microwave amplifier, ferrite film should be observed parametric processes of the first order, causing the nonlinearity of the filter. Changing the value of the external magnetic field, you can rebuild band excitation PMW frequency and, thus, to rebuild the center frequency of the non-linear band-pass filter PMSV.
It is known (see Awhustowski, Ustalov, Upervi. Magnetostatic waves in electronics ultra-high frequencies. Publishing house of Saratov state University, 1993)that for broadband excitation MRV must use fairly thick ferrite films with a thickness of d˜40÷100 μm, and the width of MicroProse w used for excitation in a ferrite film MRV should be of the order of the film thickness, i.e. w˜d. The greatest channels of all types of MRV has PMSV, the bandwidth of the excitation which when the above conditions can reach values of the order of 1 GHz.
The presence of incident area on the amplitude characteristic non-linear band-pass filter on the MRV when increasing the power level of the input signal caused by the emergence of a ferrite film, when the signal level is above a certain threshold of parametric processes of the first order, in which the magnetostatic wave pumping parametrically excites package of spin waves at frequencies that are twice the lower frequency of the pump wave. Such processes in the case of excitation PMSV observed for the most frequently used in practice ferrite films with saturation magnetization ˜1760 HS in the frequency range up to 4.9 GHz, and when the metallization of one side of the film in the range of frequencies to 9.8 GHz (see Awhustowski, Ustalov, Upervi. Magnetostatic waves in electronics ultra-high frequencies. Publishing house of Saratov state University, 1993). For promotion in the higher frequency range requires the use of ferrite films with greater magnitude of saturation magnetization, such as hexaferrite.
In addition to the incident site on the amplitude characteristic non-linear band-pass filter on the MRV has the properties of the delay line. The magnitude of the delay depends on the distance between the input and output microporosity, i.e. the length of the ferrite film on which the signal propagates from input to output, and the power level of the input signal.
Thus, used in the proposed scheme, broadband microwave generator of chaotic signals non-linear passive element has properties (leaning plot of the amplitude response and the delay signal), which had a nonlinear active element in the schema generator noise (see AC No. 1125735), and differs from the non-linear passive elements used in the circuit of the noise generator of the microwave range (see AC No. 936373)that also has a drop area on the amplitude characteristic and performs the delay of the signal in a wide band of frequencies.
As broadband microwave amplifier in the proposed generator of chaotic signals can be used broadband solid-state microwave power amplifiers GaAs field-effect transistors with Schottky barrier, which are not falling site on the amplitude characteristic and which do not exhibit chaotic regimes of generation in the absence of non-linear band-pass filter on the MRV. The bandwidth of operating frequencies of modern power amplifiers on GaAs field-effect transistors with Schottky barrier in the microwave frequency range can reach values from one to several octaves, so in this case, the band width of the excitation of chaotic signals caused by bandwidth, in which there is a drop area on the amplitude characteristic of the nonlinear passive element. The presence of incident area on the amplitude characteristic of the nonlinear band-pass filter PMSV leads to the fact that all self-oscillating system as a whole becomes a generator of chaotic signals in which there are no additional external sources of chaotic signal, and the mode of generation of electromagnetic chaotic signals is due to its own dynamics of the oscillatory system.
We offer broadband generator of chaotic signals in the microwave range is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows its schematic representation, figure 2 - schematic representation of non-linear band-pass filter PMSV in figure 3 - amplitude characteristic of the nonlinear band-pass filter PMSV, figure 4 is a spectrogram of the chaotic signal output from the proposed generator of chaos, where
1 - microwave power amplifier;
2 - directional coupler;
3 - load;
4 - non-linear band-pass filter PMSV;
5 - adjustable magnetic system;
6, 7 - input and output of MicroProse respectively;
8 is a dielectric substrate;
9 - metal screen;
10 - metallized hole;
11 - ferrite film.
The proposed generator broadband chaotic signals in the microwave range, depicted in figure 1, contains a broadband microwave amplifier 1, in which, for example, taken the power amplifier GaAs field-effect transistors with Schottky barrier with no incident area on the amplitude characteristic, connected to the main channel of the directional coupler 2, and successively connected with them the load 3, and a feedback circuit connected between the auxiliary channel of the directional coupler 2 and the input of the broadband microwave amplifier 1 and containing nonlinear broadband band-pass filter PMSV 4, which also has a falling section on the amplitude characteristics and performs the delay of the signal in the frequency band excitation PMSV. This band-pass filter PMV 4 is adjustable magnetic system 5, which creates an adjustable external constant magnetic field.
Non-linear band-pass filter PMSV shown in figure 2, contains the input 6 and output 7 MicroProse performed on the front side of the dielectric substrate 8, on the opposite side of which is deposited a metal shield 9. The free ends of both MicroProse grounded, i.e. connected through plated holes 10 with a metal screen 9, and mitropolski parallel to each other and are shifted relative to each other. The distance between microporosity not greater than the length of the ferrite film 11, and the film across the width overlaps both microporosity. The ferrite film 11 is located above microporosity, being in direct contact with them. External constant magnetic field H 0 is tangent to the film surface and parallel to mikropascal so that the ferrite film was excited PMSV providing a signal delay in the transmission from the input mitropolski to the output. The magnitude of the field H 0 is chosen as the conditions of excitation PSV in the working frequency range of the microwave amplifier, and the presence of a ferrite film parametric processes of the first order, causing the nonlinearity of the filter.
We offer broadband generator of chaotic signals in the microwave range is as follows. Microwave signal circulating in the scheme, increasing broadband microwave amplifier 1 and ramifies in the directional coupler 2 into two channels: primary and secondary.
Most of the power signal through the main channel goes to the load 3, and a smaller part of the signal power through the auxiliary channel is supplied to the feedback circuit to the input of the nonlinear broadband band-pass filter PMSV 4. The power level of the signal in the feedback circuit is chosen in such a way as to provide the operation of the band-pass filter PMSV 4 in essentially nonlinear mode on the falling plot its amplitude characteristics, i.e. on the plot with a negative slope (see figure 3). The nonlinear properties of the band-pass filter PMSV 4, due to parametric processes of the first order, manifested in the entire frequency band excitation PMSV when the power level of the input signal corresponding to the incident site on the amplitude response of the filter (see figure 3). To obtain broadband generating a chaotic signal, in addition to the above requirements, it is necessary that the frequency band excitation PSV was delay of the signal passing through the band-pass filter PMSV 4. The value of the delay time of the signal depends on the distance between the input and output microporosity, i.e. the length of the ferrite film, through which the signal transmission from input to output of the filter on PMSV 4. With increasing distance between the input and output microporosity increases the delay time of the signal, but this increases the level of the initial losses of the filter on PMSV 4. The latter leads to the need to increase the gain of the microwave power amplifier 1.
It is known that the maximum level of gain modern microwave power amplifiers on GaAs field-effect transistors reaches values ˜40 dB in linear mode. Therefore, when using a single microwave power amplifier 1 and the directional coupler with the transitional weakening ˜10 dB in the proposed scheme generator of chaotic signals initial level of loss filter PMSV 4 should not exceed the value of the ˜25 dB to ensure that the amplitude of the conditions of signal generation. This level of losses in the filter PMV 4 is achieved when the distance between the input and output microporosity ˜1 cm, which provides a delay signal in the frequency range up to 4GHz on the value ˜150-200 NS. This delay value of the signal is in good agreement with the optimal condition for the stochastic fluctuations, formulated for the noise generator of the microwave range (see A.S. No. 936373)..
Figure 4 shows the experimentally obtained spectrum of the chaotic signal output from the proposed broadband generator of chaotic signals in the microwave range when the value of the external constant magnetic field H 0 ˜300 E. From the presented results it follows that the broadband excitation of chaotic signal is observed in the frequency range ˜1-3 GHz, with integrated power generated by the chaotic signal in this frequency range is the value more than 20% of the power saturation used in the circuit of transistor amplifier when his work as a microwave power amplifier single-frequency signal. Changing the value of the external magnetic field, you can rebuild band excitation PMW frequency and, thus, to rebuild the band generated by the chaotic signal.
Broadband generator of chaotic signals in the microwave range, representing connected in series broadband microwave amplifier, a directional coupler and the load, and a feedback circuit connected between another output of the directional coupler and the input of the broadband microwave amplifier and containing a nonlinear element, wherein the nonlinear element is designed in the form of a tunable magnetic field broadband nonlinear band-pass filter on the surface magnetostatic waves with the incident area on the amplitude characteristic and consists of shielded on one side of a dielectric substrate coated on its opposite side input and output microporosity, and the ferrite film located above the entrance and output microporosity and in direct contact with them throughout their width, and the free ends of both MicroProse connected through plated holes with a conductive screen with MicroProse parallel to each other and are shifted relative to each other, and the distance between microporosity should be no more than the length of the ferrite film, the value of the external constant magnetic field is selected from the condition of excitation of magnetostatic surface waves in the frequency range of the microwave amplifier.