Chaotic vibration generator. RU patent 2412527.
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FIELD: electricity.
SUBSTANCE: chaotic vibration generator includes double-pole element with inductive resistance, double-pole element with capacitive resistance, double-pole element with negative capacitive resistance and device with negative conductivity.
EFFECT: providing the possibility of exciting chaotic vibrations in double-pole resonance system with series resonance by means of active element in the form of device with negative conductivity, which has volt-ampere characteristic controlled as to voltage, and enlarging control limits of parameters of generated chaotic signal.
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The present invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used as a source of chaotic electromagnetic waves.
Known generator of chaotic oscillations (N.Inaba, T.Saito and S.Mori. Chaotic phenomena in a circuit with negative resistance and ideal swith of diodes // The transactions of IEICE, 1987, vol. E 70, No 8, p.744)containing the device with negative resistance, the first output of which is connected with the first findings of the first capacitor and a nonlinear resistor, the second terminal is connected with the second output of the first capacitor and the first findings of the second capacitor and the inductive element, the second, the conclusions of which is connected to the second output of the nonlinear resistor.
Also known generator of chaotic oscillations (Traumata. Chaos in electric circuits. TIER, 1987, CH, No. 8, p.67-68, figure 1 and figure 6), containing the device with negative resistance, in parallel with which is included a first capacitor, a first output which is connected to the first output resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the first terminals of inductive element and the second capacitor, the second, the conclusions of which is connected to the second output of the first capacitor.
However, these generators do not allow you to apply for excitation of chaotic oscillations bipolar oscillating system with a serial resonance, for example a serial LC circuit, if the active element is used the device with negative resistance having a volt-ampere characteristic that is controlled by voltage (N-type).
The closest to the technical nature of the claimed device is a generator of chaotic oscillations (Traumata. Chaos in electronic circuits. TIER, 1987, CH, No. 8, p.76-79, 19, 20), containing a bipolar element with an inductive resistance, the first output of which is connected to the first output pole of the element with a capacitive impedance, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output pole of the capacitive element with a negative resistance, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output device with a negative conductance, current-voltage characteristic which is such that the current proceeding through it is a unique function applied to its findings voltage.
The disadvantage of this generator of chaotic oscillations is that for the excitation of chaotic oscillations by using devices with negative conductivity, having a controlled voltage volt-ampere characteristic (N-type), it is necessary to use a parallel LC-circuit, the application of this order resonant system with a serial resonance is not possible.
The aim of the invention is to provide opportunities vozbujdeniya of chaotic oscillations in two-pole resonant system with a serial resonance by using an active element in the form of devices with negative resistance having a volt-ampere characteristic that is controlled by voltage (N-type).
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the fact that the generator of chaotic oscillations, containing two-pole element with an inductive resistance, the first output of which is connected to the first output pole of the element with a capacitive impedance, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output pole of the capacitive element with a negative resistance, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output device with a negative conductance, current-voltage characteristic which is such that the current proceeding through it is a unique function applied to its findings voltage, the second output bipolar element with an inductive impedance connected to the first output device with negative conductivity, the second terminal of which is connected to the first the bipolar output of the capacitive element with a negative resistance.
With the purpose of extending the tuning of the parameters of generalwith chaotic oscillations volt-ampere characteristic of the device with negative conductivity is defined by the equation:
where i(u C1 ) is the current flowing through the device with negative conductivity under the action of the applied voltage u C1 ; U 01 U 02 - the absolute value of the boundary stresses between the medium passing through the origin, and the side sections of the volt-ampere characteristic; g 0 - dynamic conductivity of the middle plot the current-voltage characteristics; g 1 - dynamic conductivity lateral areas of volt-ampere characteristics.
With the aim of obtaining high temperature stability of a bipolar element with negative capacitive impedance contains the first impedance Converter, a first output which is connected to the output of the first current generator and the first output capacitor, the second terminal of which is connected to the output of the second current generator and the second output of the first impedance Converter, the third and fourth findings of which are connected respectively with the second and the first conclusions of bipolar capacitive element with a negative resistance, a common bus of the first and second current generators are connected with the first power bus, the device with negative conductivity contains the second impedance Converter, the third output of which is connected to the first output of the third Converter and the first impedance the output of the first resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the common bus and the first output of the second resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the fourth output of the first impedance Converter and the second output of the third Converter impedance, the third output of which is connected to the output of the third current generator and the first output of the third resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the fourth output of the third impedance Converter and the output of the fourth current generator, a common bus which is connected to the common bus, the third current generator and the second power bus, the first and second findings of the second impedance Converter connected respectively with the first and second outputs of a device with negative conductivity, each the impedance Converter includes a first transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the collector of the second transistor and the base of the third transistor,
the emitter of which is connected to the output of the first current generator impedance Converter and base of the fourth transistor, the collector of which is connected to the emitter of the fifth transistor and the base of the sixth transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the output of the second current generator impedance Converter and the base of the second transistor, the collectors of the third and sixth transistors connected with the first power bus, the common bus of the first and second current generators of the impedance Converter is connected to the second power rail, the base and collector of the first transistor is connected to the first output of the impedance Converter, base and collector of the fifth transistor is connected to the second output of the impedance Converter, the emitters of the second and fourth transistors are connected respectively with the third and fourth terminals of the impedance Converter., The inventive generator of chaotic oscillations is illustrated by figure 1, which shows its schematic electrical diagram; figure 2, which shows the distribution of currents and voltages in the circuit of the generator during its operation; figure 3, which depicts the dimensionless current-voltage characteristic of the device with negative conductivity; figure 4, which shows the electric diagram of the practical implementation of the generator of chaotic oscillations; 5 and 6 are examples of projection dimensionless strange attractor on the plane (x, z); and 7 and 8, which show examples of the dependence of the dimensionless variable x from time to time.
The generator of chaotic oscillations contains bipolar capacitive element with a negative resistance 1, the device with negative conductivity 2, a bipolar element with an inductive resistance 3 and a bipolar element with a capacitive impedance 4, and a bipolar element with negative capacitive impedance contains the first 5 and second 6 generators, capacitor 7 and the first impedance Converter 8, the device with negative conductivity contains the second 9 and third converters 10 impedance, the first 11, second 12 and third 13 resistors, the third 14 and fourth 15 current generators, each impedance Converter includes first 16 and second 17, 18 third, fourth 19, 20 fifth and sixth transistors 21, the first 22 and second 23 generators DC Converter impedance.
We write the equations describing the dynamics of the generator (see figure 2):
where L is the inductance bipolar element with an inductive resistance 3; C1 is the absolute value of the capacitance of the bipolar element with negative capacitive resistance 1; C2 is the capacitance of the bipolar element with a capacitive impedance 4; u L and i L - AC voltage on the two-terminal element with an inductive resistance 3 and running through it AC current respectively; u C1, i C1 - AC voltage on the two-terminal element with negative capacitive resistance 1 and running through it AC current respectively; u C2 i C2 - AC voltage on the two-terminal element with a capacitive impedance 4 and running through it AC current respectively; i(u C1 ) - dynamic volt-ampere characteristic of the device with negative conductivity 2.
Solving the equation (1) with respect to
and ,we get the following system of differential equations:
Introducing dimensionless variables , where , and dimensionless time , imagine the equations in dimensionless form:
where is the dimensionless dynamic volt-ampere characteristic of the device with negative conductivity; ;
The dimensionless dynamic volt-ampere characteristic, corresponding to the equation, volt-ampere characteristics given in claim 2, has the form:
where , .
The device with negative conductivity in the scheme of figure 3 is given in the claims the volt-ampere characteristic, the parameters of which is equal to:
wherewhere R1, R2, R3 - resistance, respectively, of the first 11, second 12 and third 13 resistors, I 3 and U 4 - the values of the output currents, respectively, the third 14 and fourth 15 generators. Moreover, the output currents of the first 5 and second 6 generators are respectively I 1 =I+I 3 and I 2 =I+I 4 , where the current I a lot more output currents I 3 and I 4 of the third and fourth current generators I>>I 3 and I>>I 4 , the values of the output currents I 5 of the first and second current generators of the impedance Converter are approximately equal output currents of the third and fourth current generators.
In system (3), (5) there are irregular self-oscillations, characterized by positive values of the senior characteristic Lyapunov exponent. For example, when d=1, b=-2, A=0.37, B=0.7...1.4 this parameter is equal to 0.02 0.11..., in particular when d=l, b=-2, A=0,37, B=1, it is close to 0.09; d-1.1, b=-2, A=0.4, B=1.4...2 senior characteristic Lyapunov exponent is in the range from 0.05 to 0.08.
Therefore, when data values of the coefficients d, b, A, B in the generator of figure 1 are observed chaotic oscillations.
Let g 0 =0.001 Cm, R1=R2=250 Ω, C2=10 nF. Then if A=0.37, B=1, d=l, b=-2 chaotic oscillations in the circuit in figure 4 is observed when R3≈333 Ohms, C1≈27 nF, L≈10 mH. Putting U 01 =U 02 =133 mV, we get that the output currents of the third and fourth generators is I 3 =I 4 ≈0.4 mA, and I 1 =I 2 ≈4 mA I 5 ≈0.4 mA. In the case of A=0.4, B=1.6, d=L. l, b=-2 if U 01 =147 mV, U 02 =121 mV, output currents of the third and fourth current generators respectively I 3 ≈0.44 mA I 4 ≈0.36 mA, with I 1 ≈4.04 mA, I 2 ≈3.96 mA I 5 ≈0.4 mA, R 3 ≈333 Ohms, C1≈25 nF, L≈4 mH.
Figure 5 and 6 shows examples of the projection of the chaotic attractor on the plane (x, z) when b=-2, d=1, A=0.37, B=1 and b=-2, d=1.1, A=0.4, B=1.6, respectively. 7 and Fig given relevant examples according to the dimensionless variable x from time to time.
Unlike the prototype, the circuit in figure 1 allows you to generate chaotic oscillations in a series resonant circuit when used as the active element unit with negative conductivity, having a volt-ampere characteristic that is controlled by voltage (N-type).
Another advantage of the claimed generator chaotic kolebanii compared with the prototype is the possibility of tuning of the parameters of chaotic oscillations by adjusting the position of the boundary between the middle and bucovinei plots the current-voltage characteristics of the device with a negative conductance that allows you to modify the geometry of the strange attractor.
High temperature stability of bipolar capacitive element with a negative resistance device with negative conductivity is due to the fact that their characteristics do not depend on parameters of the transistors due to the mutual compensation of the emitter resistances of the transistors 16 and 17, 20 and 19, and a negligibly small influence on the parameters of the emitter resistances of the transistors 22 and 23.
1. The generator of chaotic oscillations, containing two-pole element with an inductive resistance, the first output of which is connected to the first output pole of the element with a capacitive impedance, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output pole of the capacitive element with a negative resistance, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output device with a negative conductance, current-voltage characteristic which is such that the current proceeding through it is a unique function applied to its findings voltage, wherein the second output bipolar element with an inductive impedance connected to the first output device with negative conductivity, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output pole of the element with negative capacitive resistance.
2. The generator of chaotic oscillations according to claim 1, characterized in that the current-voltage characteristic of the device with negative conductivity is defined by the equation:
where i(u C1 ) is the current flowing through the device with negative conductivity under the action of the applied voltage u C1 ; U 01 U 02 - the absolute value of the boundary stresses between the medium passing through the origin, and the side sections of the volt-ampere characteristic; g 0 - dynamic conductivity of the middle plot the current-voltage characteristics; g 1 - dynamic conductivity lateral areas of volt-ampere characteristics.
3. The generator of chaotic oscillations according to claim 1, characterized in that the bipolar element with negative capacitive impedance contains the first impedance Converter, a first output which is connected to the output of the first current generator and the first output capacitor, the second terminal of which is connected to the output of the second current generator and the second output of the first impedance Converter, the third and fourth findings of which are connected respectively with the second and the first conclusions of bipolar capacitive element with a negative resistance, a common bus of the first and second current generators are connected with the first power bus, the device with negative conductivity contains the second impedance Converter, the third output of which is connected to the first output of the third the impedance Converter and the first output of the first resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the common bus and the first output of the second resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the fourth output of the second impedance Converter and the second output of the third Converter impedance,
the third output of which is connected to the output of the third current generator and the first output of the third resistor, the second terminal of which is connected to the fourth output of the third impedance Converter and the output of the fourth current generator, a common bus which is connected to the common bus, the third current generator and the second power bus, the first and second findings of the second impedance Converter connected respectively with the first and second outputs of a device with negative conductivity, each impedance Converter includes a first transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the collector of the second transistor and the base of the third transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the output of the first current generator impedance Converter and base of the fourth transistor, the collector which is connected to the emitter of the fifth transistor and the base of the sixth transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the output of the second current generator impedance Converter and the base of the second transistor, the collectors of the third and sixth transistors connected with the first power bus, the common bus of the first and second current generators of the impedance Converter is connected to the second power rail, the base and collector of the first transistor is connected to the first output of the impedance Converter, base and collector of the fifth transistor is connected to the second output of the impedance Converter, the emitters of the second and fourth transistors are connected respectively to the third and fourth terminals of the impedance Converter.
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