Multiprocessor controller for controlling a complicated technological object
 Communication processor / 2260841Device has communication blocks for direct and main communications, control block, environment adjustment block, routing block, inner exchange environment. |
 Extensible automatic system / 2260835The proposed extensible automatic system has the following units: two programmable controllers, capable of autonomous operation; module of the interface of the first type; module of the interface of the second type; switch; decoder; bus shapers, used as attached elements; adapters; modules of expansion of the first type; modules of expansion of the second type; interface bus; information bus of the first type and information bus of the second type. |
 System for performing games in unified information-prize network of playing machines / 2259589System has computing center, playing machines groups, provided with inbuilt individual mating assemblies, and common information displays; information transfer channels, global communication means communication channels and working stations of engineer, global communication devices, local computing centers, wherein workstation of engineer is positioned as well as manager workstation and local database server. |
 System for actualization of databases for information-marketing centers of electronic trade / 2253891System has block for receiving actualization files, first and second devices for selecting supporting database record address, device for selecting address of user workplace block for selecting addresses of database record, data dispensing block, reverse counter, first and second codes comparison blocks, two registers, AND elements, OR elements and delay elements. |
 Message exchange module / 2249849Device has a group of buffer blocks from first to eighth, direction correction block, direction selection block, first registers group, output register, first decoder, multiplexer, first counter, group of switchboards from first to eighth, launch trigger, first and second univibrators, OR elements from first to third, first and second AND elements, clock pulses generator. Also inserted are buffer block, second and third registers group, second decoder, a group of demultiplexers from first to eighth, second counter, third univibrator, first and second groups of OR elements and fourth and fifth elements. |
 Module for transferring and broadcasting messages in matrix switchboard / 2249848Device has three blocks for forming messages lines, block for analysis of messages line, multiplexer, decoder, broadcast control block, buffer register, launch trigger, synchronization block, AND elements block, denying element, blocks for organizing messages lines, direction selection block, OR element, AND elements. |
 Device for increasing speed of operation of local ethernet network adapter / 2248039Device has pulse generator and OR element. First input of OR element is connected to input of pulse generator and is meant for receiving signal, being sign of data transfer in local network. Output of generator is connected to second input of OR element. Output of the latter is meant for output of signal, matching condition of data bus of a network. |
 Method for automated active control of electric energy quality coefficients / 2248038Method includes estimation of quality coefficients of electric energy in electric energy system, determining degree of matching of these coefficients to normal values, forming of control signal for correcting devices and predicting electric energy characteristics expected after effect of these devices. On basis of analysis of predicted characteristics quality coefficients are newly estimated and if necessary control signals for correction devices are formed. Estimation of not only voltage and frequency is provided, but also current. Whole cycle is repeated for each node of electric energy system. |
|
Method for automated active control of electric energy quality coefficients / 2248038 Method includes estimation of quality coefficients of electric energy in electric energy system, determining degree of matching of these coefficients to normal values, forming of control signal for correcting devices and predicting electric energy characteristics expected after effect of these devices. On basis of analysis of predicted characteristics quality coefficients are newly estimated and if necessary control signals for correction devices are formed. Estimation of not only voltage and frequency is provided, but also current. Whole cycle is repeated for each node of electric energy system. |
|
Device for increasing speed of operation of local ethernet network adapter / 2248039 Device has pulse generator and OR element. First input of OR element is connected to input of pulse generator and is meant for receiving signal, being sign of data transfer in local network. Output of generator is connected to second input of OR element. Output of the latter is meant for output of signal, matching condition of data bus of a network. |
|
Module for transferring and broadcasting messages in matrix switchboard / 2249848 Device has three blocks for forming messages lines, block for analysis of messages line, multiplexer, decoder, broadcast control block, buffer register, launch trigger, synchronization block, AND elements block, denying element, blocks for organizing messages lines, direction selection block, OR element, AND elements. |
|
Message exchange module / 2249849 Device has a group of buffer blocks from first to eighth, direction correction block, direction selection block, first registers group, output register, first decoder, multiplexer, first counter, group of switchboards from first to eighth, launch trigger, first and second univibrators, OR elements from first to third, first and second AND elements, clock pulses generator. Also inserted are buffer block, second and third registers group, second decoder, a group of demultiplexers from first to eighth, second counter, third univibrator, first and second groups of OR elements and fourth and fifth elements. |
|
System for actualization of databases for information-marketing centers of electronic trade / 2253891 System has block for receiving actualization files, first and second devices for selecting supporting database record address, device for selecting address of user workplace block for selecting addresses of database record, data dispensing block, reverse counter, first and second codes comparison blocks, two registers, AND elements, OR elements and delay elements. |
|
System for performing games in unified information-prize network of playing machines / 2259589 System has computing center, playing machines groups, provided with inbuilt individual mating assemblies, and common information displays; information transfer channels, global communication means communication channels and working stations of engineer, global communication devices, local computing centers, wherein workstation of engineer is positioned as well as manager workstation and local database server. |
|
Extensible automatic system / 2260835 The proposed extensible automatic system has the following units: two programmable controllers, capable of autonomous operation; module of the interface of the first type; module of the interface of the second type; switch; decoder; bus shapers, used as attached elements; adapters; modules of expansion of the first type; modules of expansion of the second type; interface bus; information bus of the first type and information bus of the second type. |
|
Communication processor / 2260841 Device has communication blocks for direct and main communications, control block, environment adjustment block, routing block, inner exchange environment. |
 Multiprocessor controller for controlling a complicated technological object / 2263952Device has block for forming geographical address, interfaces of serial system bus, processor modules, consisting of processor, memory block, logical control block, input-output sub-modules, interfaces for measuring and controlling an object, connected by system bus, while processor modules are connected by determined local network of low level as clusters. |
 Method and device for use in conjunction with electronic mail / 2267228Method for notification of user about receipt of electronic mail message by mail center, wherein information is stored, related to mail accounts, assigned to identifiers of decoder receivers, enables transfer of notification message in broadcast signal, while notification message includes at least additional portion of text of electronic mail message and identifier of decoder receiver targeted as destination for current notification message. Described transmission is realized by appropriate devices and decoder receivers. |
FIELD: computer science.
SUBSTANCE: device has block for forming geographical address, interfaces of serial system bus, processor modules, consisting of processor, memory block, logical control block, input-output sub-modules, interfaces for measuring and controlling an object, connected by system bus, while processor modules are connected by determined local network of low level as clusters.
EFFECT: higher durability, higher reliability, broader functional capabilities, higher efficiency.
1 dwg
The invention relates to computing, and in particular to systems of automation of technological processes of large industrial facilities, and can be used to create management systems of responsible objects with the required degree of redundancy and performance.
Complex automation object is, generally, a set of process subsystems, which, in turn, are composed of smaller technological functional units. Splitting the object into functional units based on the allocation process task or series of closely related tasks into a single node, so that each functional unit rather Autonomous. The intensity of its interaction with the rest of the system is orders of magnitude lower than inside it.
For large objects automation failed the function should be restored without affecting the rest of the functional part of the system, i.e. the recovery should be in the "hot" replacement for a minimal time.
Controllers with traditional architecture based on parallel bus with centralized processing even with a very powerful processor does not meet the requirements in full.
For example, the known device, created on the basis of the main-modular is x systems, such as VME (http://www.vita.com/) /I/, VM162/VM172, "VMEbus Single-Board Computer with Manual, Order Nr. 16596, User's Manual, Issue 1, Dual Industry Pack Support" /2/.
VME is one of the few systems where possible multiple processors and, accordingly, the distributed processing and management, but the complexity and cost of the multiprocessor system is high. A controller, including a processor, input/output, power supplies, redundancy scheme, network interfaces, the size of the rack, and much more is a project-assembled.
A significant drawback of VME is possible to consider the critical elements of failure in the controller:
itself VME bus, failure of which leads to complete failure of the controller, and the duplication of the parallel bus is either impossible or incredibly expensive and not covered by the standard;
- arbiter bus VME centralized, and the standard does not provide for the duplication, its failure will result in failure of the entire controller.
In some monolithic "Castrovirreyna" PTC "Teleperm ME there are special controllers. It is possible redundancy of critical elements of failures, such as tyres, but by adding a 2nd rack associated with the main complex schema tire gateways. Implemented hot-swappable modules, distributed processing, hardware and software independence. "Siemens Prozebleitsystem eleperm ME für Kraftwerke. Automatisierungssysteme. Katalog LT 110-1992" /3/.
The disadvantages of this device include the fact that the application of these controllers is impossible to create your own PTC through system integration. In addition, they have some technical drawbacks:
Despite the higher-level data transfer method inside a controller that operates with such concepts as "messages", "event", "telegram", and the fact that the communication bus within these controllers are very similar to the deterministic local network, they are not of such a network in full and have a number of common disadvantages of parallel buses, in addition, these tires are not standardized and open.
- Function I/o is rigidly fixed within each individual module. This leads to a wide range of modules, high redundancy and not optimal layout of signals input/output.
The range of modules is determined by the types of connected thereto signals, which leads to the fact that in one module are connected, the signals from different functional units, but having one type of signal, such as a measurement of the current of 4-20 mA, which leads to excessive cross-information flows inside the controller.
- No autoconfiguration requires a relatively long time to restore programs after replacing mo is Ulya;
- Very complex manufacturing cabinets controllers and not technologically advanced, time-consuming connection of the signal input/output.
- The presence of cabinets problemsyou and matching relay.
- Closed, unknown controller architecture.
Closest to the proposed technical characteristics is the VME system built on the basis of processor modules VSBC-32 - 32-bit single-Board CPU module with VME bus company Kontron, Germany. "VSBC-32, Combined VMEbus System Controller and Serial Communications Controller Board Manual ID 21168, Rev. Index 04 Jul 00" /4/.
The processor module includes a processor, a memory block, the logic control unit, a serial communication interface RS232C, LAN interface (Ethernet), the submodules of I / o interface system bus VME combined internal bus. For approval of electric parameters (voltage, current) and other factors (cross-section of the wires of the cable, the wiring diagram of control signals of the object to the processor module can be connected blocks field interfaces, eliminating the cabinets problemsyou and matching relay.
The system involves the creation of a multiprocessor controller by combining multiple processor modules via parallel bus VME, and one is selected (first) processor module must additionally perform the function of the arbiter system bus. About the men of information between the modules takes place via the parallel bus level read-write memory cells. Access to the bus provides bus arbiter request processor module. The address space of the system bus single and limited by the bus width. Addresses are distributed among the modules that are part of the controller. Defining a source or sink of data occurs within the modules.
The disadvantages of this device are:
- instability to single errors when transferring on a parallel bus,
- centralized processing of input and output data, the decrease in performance when increasing the number of channels
- centralized arbitration of bus access,
the dependence of priority access to the location of the module in the rack,
- increase the load on the bus with increasing number of channels input/output
- the lack of a mechanism to "hot swap".
The objective of the invention is the creation of the target multiprocessor controller, resistant to any single failure, with the possibility of duplication of the objective functions and elements with any degree of reservation, with the possibility of any design layout functions I / o, with the ability to "hot swap the failed elements.
The problem is solved due to the fact that in the known multi-processor controller, including a processor, the modules comprising connected by an internal bus of the processor, equipped with USB interface the com serial communication RS-232C and LAN interface, memory block, the logical block management of submodules of I / o, field interfaces, processor modules are merged duplicate deterministic local network of lower level clusters through the first and second serial system bus, each processor module has the capability of interfacing with the local network of the upper level via the LAN interface and further comprises a block forming a geographical address associated with the logical block management, the first and second serial interfaces for system bus connected respectively with the first and second sequential system the tire and the inner tire.
The proposed multi-processor controller with serial system tires for intermodule interactions instead of the traditional parallel bus best meets all the requirements of automation of technological processes of large inhomogeneous objects.
Used in the controller's local network (instead of the slower parallel bus) has the following properties:
- Signal transmission on a single pair of wires, and the method of transmission of the differential signal that increases resistance to interference. One pair of wires makes it easy to duplicate.
- Arbitrate access to the bus decentralized and implemented the IAOD hardware-logical level.
Each processor module having the right of access to the system bus has a limited time to transfer over the network.
- The transmission of information over the network is performed at the packet level. The packet header contains the identifier field of arbitration and the checksum. Ends of the package field confirmation. The processor module received a packet, is obliged to confirm receipt of the package. If the source package does not receive confirmation, repeated transmission of this packet.
- Provides a mechanism to broadcast packets, in which all modules receive the same information.
Duplicate serial bus system improves the reliability of the controller to a level that is not achievable in traditional controllers. Messages transmitted on the same bus, is duplicated on the second. The proposed controller can not refuse under any single failure of the media controller.
Scheme geographical address allows the CPU module to automatically determine its position in the controller and its functionality.
The proposed multiprocessor controller provides fault tolerance, hot-swappable modules without powering down the controller and stop the production process, autoconfiguration modules p and replacement, the use of standard and inexpensive components.
Description controller
Description of the controller is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the structural diagram of the multi-processor controller with duplicate serial system bus.
In the drawing the above symbols:
1 - processor
2 - the block of memory
3 is a logical block management
4 - serial communication (RS232C)
5 - LAN interface (Ethernet)
6 - the serial system bus
7 - submodule I / o
8 - bus
9 - processor module
10 is a block interface measurement and control of the object
11 - the unit of geographical addresses
12 - the first serial system bus
13 - the second serial system bus
14 - multiprocessor controller
15 is a control object
16 - LAN top level
Multiprocessor controller 14 consists of processor modules 9, connected to a local network of the lower level of the first 12 and second 13 consecutive system tires.
The processor module 9 includes: the processing unit 1 is connected to the internal bus 8, to the processor unit connected to the serial communication interface 4 (RS232C) and the LAN interface top level 5 (Ethernet), which is connected with LAN ve is hnew level 16. The processing unit 1 is connected via the internal bus 8 with the logic control unit 3 is connected to the processing unit geographical address 11. The memory block 2 is connected to internal bus 8, to which is connected the submodules input / output 7 connected to the interface units of measurement and control object 10, associated with the control object 15. The first and second serial interfaces for system bus blocks 6 are connected with the first 12 and second 13 consecutive system tires and with the internal bus 8. Any processor module 9 can act as a network gateway.
The operation of the controller.
The proposed controller is designed to work as part of program-technical complex (PTC), which consists of upper and lower level. The upper level is the renderer process, recording of events and the database, the slow control loop, tools for diagnostics and debugging. The lower level performs the functions of operational management, gathering information about the state of the object, convert it and transfer to the upper level, as well as receiving commands and parameters required for operational control of the object. The controller plays a Central role in the lower level of the PTC. The upper level is associated with lower via Ethernet (16).
Con the roller operates as follows. During system initialization, each processor module 9 is loading the operating system from energy-independent memory (which is part of unit 2), read by processor 1 code position in the rack from a block of geographical addresses 11 through the logic control unit 3. This loads the corresponding application task or from non-volatile memory, or using development tools (software)interface RS232C serial communication unit 4, or through the LAN interface unit 5, or via the system bus - blocks 6, 12, or 13 using another processor module 9, if he performs as a network gateway for communication with a source of applied problems, located on the upper level. Each processor module 9, fulfilling their part of the overall task, collects information from the object. Information from the object 15 is supplied through the interface unit of measurement and control object 10 on the submodule I / o unit 7. There is a conversion of the input signal in digital form. The digital information is read by the CPU 1 from the input unit 7 and stored in the memory unit 2. Next, the received information is processed by the CPU 1 in accordance with the algorithm applied problems. In the information processing PR is cessor 1 calculates the values of control signals, values are written into the output submodule I / o unit 7. In the output unit 7 converts the digital code signals of the respective type (current, voltage, pulses of a certain duration and others) and through the corresponding interface unit of measurement and control 10 is transmitted to the control object 15.
The entire exchange of information, transfer of command and control signals within the processor module 9 takes place via the internal bus unit 8. For information about parameters that are necessary for the functioning of their own control algorithms, as well as get the job performance of a specific subtasks and transmission of reports and report to the top level block 16 to provide a consistent system bus - blocks 12 and 13, arranged in the form of duplicated deterministic local network of the lower level. The network is implemented based on the CAN Protocol.
In the specific implementation of the multiprocessor controller 14 was made in the form of a rack common mechanical standard Euromechanics", on the back of which is mounted a backplane connectors, in which the guides are mounted CPU modules 9.
Processor modules 9 inside the controller 14 of the consolidated duplicated deterministic LAN CAN-bus network the lower urovnaveshanaia processor modules are duplicated on the CAN-bus.
The main part of the function of interfacing the controller with the "field" level (sensors, transducers, actuators, etc.) is solved in the submodules ModPak (block 7). They realized the functions of analog-to-digital conversion, filtering, digital-to-analog conversion, etc.
The rest of the tasks mates, such as connecting the "field" cable ties, matching with the specific measuring circuits, an additional transformation is solved in blocks interface measurement and control object 10.
Deterministic local low-level network is implemented based on the CAN Protocol (Controller Area Network) "CAN Specification. Version 2.0, Robert Bosch GmbH. 1991 Device Net Specification. Release 2.0, 1997, Vol.1: Communication Model and Protocol, Vol.2: Device Profiles and Object Library CAN-based Higher Layer Protocols and Profiles. K. Etschberger" /5/.
Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communication Protocol with efficient allocation of real time control and a very high level of security. The main purpose of the organization of information transfer in complex environments, such as environments with high levels of various kinds of interference.
Thus, the proposed controller has the following important properties:
the lack of critical elements of refusal, high " availability", provided by the automatic initialization of module-based geographic addressing, in the context of which the roller "hot" replacement of components without powering down and without affecting the functioning of the rest of the controller, multiprocessing and distributed processing and management, the ability to create structures with any backup depth, the autonomy of any processor module, the increased survivability of the system and the reliability of the software.
Sources of information
1. http://www.vita.com/.
2. VM162/VM172. VMEbus Single-Board Computer with Manual, Order Nr. 16596, User's Manual, Issue 1, Dual IndnstryPack Support.
3. Siemens Prozebleitsystem Teleperm ME für Kraftwerke. Automatisierungssysteme. Katalog LT 110-1992.
4. VSBC-32. Combined VMEbus System Controller and Serial Communications Controller Board Manual ID 21168, Rev. Index 04 Jul 00.
5. The CAN Specification. Version 2.0, Robert Bosch GmbH, 1991 Device Net Specification. Release 2.0, 1997, Vol.1: Communication Model and Protocol, Vol.2: Device Profiles and Object Library CAN-based Higher Layer Protocols and Profiles, K. Etschberger.
6. Patent No. 2139566, MKI G 06 F 15/16 from 10.10.99.
Multiprocessor controller for the management of complex technological object, including processor modules, consisting of connected with an internal bus of the processor, equipped with a serial communication interface and a LAN interface, a memory block, the logical block management of submodules of I / o interface measurement and control of the object, wherein the processor modules are merged duplicate deterministic local network of lower level clusters by first second serial system bus, each processor module has the capability of interfacing with the local network of the upper level via the LAN interface and further comprises a block forming a geographical address associated with the logical block management, the first and second serial interfaces for system bus connected respectively with the first and second sequential system the tire and the inner tire.