Method for underground part of kimberlite deposit preparation to development
 Method for thick steeply inclined fire-hazardous bed mining with caving / 2263213Method involves dividing bed into two inclined layers by establishing interlayer protective coal pillar; cutting the inclined layers in blocks along with forming air-tight bridges between the blocks; performing sublevel benching of upper layer having thickness of 1.5-1.8 m along strike with leading on upper sublevel; excavating lower sublevel by columns along bed fall with the use of movable shield supports. Lower layer may be divided into two or more shield columns. |
 Inclined deposit development method / 2261993Method involves mining the deposit by rooms in which raise drills are bored; drilling wells arranged in fan-like array and cutting mineral. Raise drill is deepened in lower wall rock and bottom thereof is covered with metal sheets. Ore is cut in parts simultaneously with rock excavation in the range from raise drill ground to room ground at original ore mass slope angle. |
 Open-cast mining method / 2261331Method involves forming hydraulic-mining dump; opening quarry field by pit excavation; filling the pit with water; installing floating pump dredger in plant with cutter; performing rock excavation at quarry field; transporting the obtained rock to ground surface through pulp conveying line and conveying dead rock to hydraulic-mining pump. The quarry field is previously zoned into horizontal layers (horizons) and quarry field development is performed by cutting horizontal layers in top-bottom direction so that water level is lowered as layers are excavated and water surface is maintained at current production horizon level. |
 Method for hydrogeological zoning of mine fields of potassium producing enterprises / 2261330Method involves determining waterproof formation thickness and composition, waterproof formation roof thickness and composition, thickness and lithologic-and-facies composition of stratum above salt layer, firstly for rock directly overlapping waterproof formation, parameters of hydrogeochemical structure and zones of supergene conversion of stratum above salt layer, parameters of hydrodynamic structure of stratum above salt layer, characteristics of aquifer complex above salt layer, namely filtration, hydrochemical ones, as well as forming and unloading conditions; performing zoning of all mine fields on the base of above investigations, wherein the zoning is carried out according to degree of hydrogeological protection of waterproof formation roof; establishing sequence and parameters of productive potassium salt deposit mining. |
 Method for coal excavation from thick steeply beds / 2261329Method involves preparing excavation field by cutting levels by means of forming gangways and air drifts which limit height of each level; forming sublevel drifts to divide levels into sublayers; separating sublayers into blocks along the strike by cutting out coal chute and ventilation raises; mounting conveyer for coal transportation and composite feeders for coal discharge on ground of sublevel drift on bottom of each block; digging-out compensative drifts above sublevel ones; developing blocks by drilling thereof from compensative drifts and blasting coal in block with pillar establishing; drilling around the pillar from sublevel drift and blasting coal in the pillar so that all broken coal lays on composite feeders; moving coal from block to conveyer by composite feeders; unloading coal from composite feeders on the conveyer over the full block bottom area by tightly mounting composite feeders one after another over the full sublevel drift length within the limits of the block. Coal discharge and transportation may be performed under remote control. |
 Loosening method for rock having different strength / 2261326Method involves obtaining information concerning main and structural-and-strength rock properties on the base of estimation of data of primary and post-authorization prospecting, as well as production prospecting; detailed rock zoning to separate production blocks and unit blocks characterized by uniform rock at borders thereof; writing computer program; automatically loosing rock of each unit block by most effective method, namely by mechanical, pneumatic, blast drilling or physical one performed with the use of all-purpose mobile rig tools. Above rig includes computer system, device provided with one, two or three replaceable teeth, with plate-like metal pins and with hydraulic cylinders. The rig also has device adapted to create holes in unit block and wedge out thereof, drilling device and charging device, laser charge initiation system, local shelter with damping means, device for rock cutting by applying pressurized air and impacts to rock and auxiliary excavation device. |
 Method for multi-layer extraction of extremely massive, more than 20- 30 meters, bed of coal by slanting layers in ascending order with full backfilling of extracted space / 2260694Method includes cutting lavas along fall in descending groups in three layers, driving at some distance along cutting and ventilation sides if extraction field of vertical drifts between lower and upper field drifts, connected to lavas and lava cuts by slopes for letting down coal from cleaning pit into cutting drift and feeding backfilling material into extracted space of layers. Additionally two crossing diagonal furnaces are driven, breaking extraction field on four blocks, and drifts from upper ventilation-backfilling drifts. On right and left sides of drift two vertical slopes are driven, which are connected from above and from below by slanting slopes, positioned at 27° angle to drift. On cutting side of extracting field at 20 meters distance from each other layer cutting slopes are made to group of vertical slopes and drift fro letting down coal and feeding backfilling material into extracted space of layers, and on ventilation side of extracting field - downwards form slopes group to layer cut for letting down backfilling material into extracted space of layers. Each group consisting of drift with slopes, can be positioned at distance of 20 meters from each other. |
 Roof control method / 2260123Method involves remaining coal ply after mining machine passage; cutting the coal ply during mechanized support movement. Coal ply length is equal to mechanized support width and distance between coal plies is equal to gap between support sections. |
 Open-cut mineral deposit mining method / 2258811Method involves excavating pit up to design depth reaching by sliced benches; moving the benches as ore deposit is developed; cutting ore and debris; loading thereof on conveyance means to move ore to ground surface, wherein as pit is deepened conveyer systems are used; on reaching the design pit depth deposit is divided into slices and the slices are developed with minimal ore losses in triangular zones with negligible interaction in peripheral face by developed slot raise technology usage; reinforcing slopes with anchors and metal mesh at deep horizons where berm cleaning is difficult; performing slice cutting though the full ore body thickness at design pit bottom and conveying the cut ore to surface by steeply inclined conveyers and combined transportation means. In the case of ore development in slices having lesser thickness below pit bottom steeply dipping and vertical side part are built, concrete wall and metal mesh adapted to hold wedge-like lumps in the presence of potential caving, wherein in this case mining equipment is used and ore cut from underground layer is crushed in crushing mills located on main loading and transportation horizons and delivered to ground surface by conveyer or skip shaft. Mined-out space is filled with rock refuse at terminal stage. |
 Method for kimberlite pipe development under difficult hydrogeological conditions / 2258810Method involves loosening rock, converting rock into pulp and conveying pulp through pulp line by dredger. Before subpermafrost zone opening hole having large diameter is driven from pit bottom for the full depth of field to be developed and inclined borehole is built. The borehole is connected to the hole in point located at said depth and then high-pressure subpermafrost brine is pumped into the pit. Airlift dredger is arranged on water body surface, ripper-dozer provided with all-purpose boring bit is lowered on pit bottom. Loosening of kimberlites weakened by brine is performed by ripper-dozer along helical cuts. Fine ore cuttings are conveyed by means of airlift through pulp line to ore mill. Coarse ore cuttings are moved to ground surface to ore storage through hole, caisson drift and inclined borehole provided with skip hoist. Kimberlite pipe development below pit bottom is performed at right angles of faces depreciation without performing overburden operations. |
 Method of joined development of oil and potassium deposits / 2244107Invention comprises following scheme. Oil is produced from producing wells. Potassium salts are extracted from mines and processed. Solutions are pumped into deep lying porous rock formations preliminarily revealed between oil-bearing and potassium formations. Those porous rock formations are chosen which are located below underlying stone salt. Pumping of solutions is effected through injecting wells until pressure drop in oil-bearing formation is compensated to a value sufficient to prevent deformation in potassium formations, this value being calculated using special math formula. Oil formation is then run while maintaining compensating pressure in chosen porous formation. |
 Method for extraction of massive coal bed / 2244127Method includes driving of layer transporting and ventilation mines along soil and ceiling of bed, in massive and in extracted space, cutting of cleaning mines in cross-section of bed at angle of 27°, mechanized delivery of coal along bed mines to coal furnaces and vertical dropping of coal to furnaces. Extraction of slanted transverse bed is performed along bed diagonals having direction to horizon at angle of 27°, to provide for free sliding of coal without degradation. Delivery of coal from cleaning mine placed at angle of 60° to layer mine, to back field mine is performed by self-delivery from any place of extraction field along layer mine, field coal-lowering mine and field slanting coal furnace, being at angle of 27° to horizon. Field slanted coal furnaces are placed at distance from one another along 20 m normal. Field coal mines in form of fans of three mines are connected on field slanted coal furnaces at distance of fan start from one another of 60 m with output of mines ends to each layer mine of group of three above-lying slanted-transverse layers for whole diagonal length of extraction field at distance between mines outputs along layer soil of 60 m. Ceiling of cleaning mines may be supported without load, utilizing mechanical traction on the side of ventilation furnaces for pressing moveable support tool to layer ceiling. |
 Method for rock-blasting at open-pit mining / 2244252Large-diameter single holes are replaced by a pair of divergent holes of a smaller diameter, in which one hole is always vertical, and the other one is inclined towards the bench; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced with a pair of divergent bundles of parallel converged holes, in which one bundle is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced with a pair of divergent holes of a smaller diameter, in which one hole is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench and positioned in the vertical plane parallel with the first one and distant from it by 1-2 hole diameters; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced by a pair of divergent bundles of parallel converging holes, in which one bundle is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench and positioned in the vertical plane parallel with the first one and distant from it by 1-2 hole diameters. |
 Method for extraction and underground use of coal, method for extraction of disturbed beds, undeground electric energy generator (variants), face scraper conveyor, weld pan for scraper conveyor, coupled chain for scraper conveyor, method for controlling a complex for unmanned coal extraction / 2244829Method for extraction and underground use of coal includes cleaning extraction and dumping of coal, fixing and controlling ceiling and transporting coal along face to drift. On the drift, in moveable generator, coal is pulverized for intensive burning with use of jets in water boiler firebox, where high temperature of steam is achieved (about 1400 C°), enough for decomposition of water on oxygen and hydrogen. These are separated, then oxygen is fed back to jets, and hydrogen is outputted along pipes and hoses in drifts and shaft. Variants of underground generator for realization of this method are provided. Also provided is method for extraction of disturbed coal beds by short faces. It includes extraction and dumping of coal on face conveyor, fixing of ceiling behind combine, moving conveyor line and support sections in direction of cleaning face displacement, control of ceiling with destruction and partial filling. Extraction of coal is performed in short curvilinear faces by long stripes along bed, in straight drive without forwarding drifts, with preservation and reuse of ventilation and conveyor drifts, equipped with mounting manipulator robots, with fixing behind combine by automatically operating support deflectors without unloading and displacing sections in area of coal extraction. Extraction and transporting of coal is performed by fast one-drum combine and curvilinear reloading conveyor, supplying coal to drift conveyor or immediately to underground gas or energy generator placed immediately on drift. Also proposed is face scraper conveyor for realization of said method, wherein pans are made with step along front face profile, greater, than along back one, while forming common line curved towards face with constant curvature. Also proposed is a method for controlling complex for unmanned coal extraction. |
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Method for building halochambers / 2245699 Method involves tunneling horizontal level working with heading machine on earth surface in the base of old salt spoil heap of salt mine. Steel arch support is used for strengthening the level working. The arches are mounted 1 m far from each other. Pit props and cappings of neighboring arches are connected with ties. Lagging of roof and sides of the working is carried out and dressed space is filled with rubble of lick salt pieces. Then, perforated tubes are laid in soil and covered with crushed salt. Halochamber air is saturated with salt particles by pumping air through the tubes to make sodium chloride concentration in the halochamber air be not less than 0.5 mg/m3. |
 Method for controlling ceiling in lava during extraction of gas-bearing coal beds / 2246006Method includes determining gas potential of extracted bed in limits of extraction area and monitoring of relative gas-escape from extracted bed and of extracted coal with withdrawal of lava from mounting chamber. Value of primary step of main ceiling destruction is set on basis of distance from mounting chamber to point of minimal gas-kinetic coefficient values closest to it, as which coefficient relation of relative gas-escape to bed gas potential bed is taken. Value of destruction step is determined from mathematical relation, considering distance from mounting chamber to closest point of said coefficient minimal values. It is possible to construct a graph of dependence of gas-kinetic coefficient from distance between face and mounting chamber. Portions of extraction field, wherein periodical changes of gas-kinetic coefficient are observed, are related to areas of geological irregularities influence. On basis of decrease of amplitude of maximal oscillations of gas-kinetic coefficient displacement of face to exit of geological irregularities area is detected, and on basis of increase - entrance therein. |
 Underground extraction method / 2246617Method includes use of screw-drilling machine for driving of several first ventilation shafts in ore body and driving several second shafts, while second and each second shaft crosses, at least, one matching first shaft, forming first support walls, supporting ceiling. First supporting ceilings consist of ore body zones between neighboring second shafts, each first support wall has portion of at least one first shaft, passing horizontally through it. Horizontal channels are formed, each of which is placed transversely to matching second shaft between appropriate portions of first shaft, formed in adjacent support walls, for forming of group of continuous ventilation shafts. Second shafts are filled for forming second supporting walls, supporting well ceiling, and first supporting walls are extracted. First ventilation shafts can be made parallel to each other. Second shafts may be directed perpendicularly relatively to first ventilation shafts. In ore body air-outlet and air-inlet ventilation mines can be formed, placed at distance from each other along horizontal line, while first or each first ventilation shaft passes through portion of ore body between air-inlet and air-outlet ventilation mines. Driving of second or each second shaft can be performed by cutting machine, or by drilling or explosive mining. |
 Method for controlling hard-destructible ceiling / 2246618Method includes partial filling of extracted space of side and central mains by filling stripes from lava extracting shafts. At center of semi-lava on the side of massive, wherein next extractive column will be cut, filling shaft is additionally driven, wherefrom full filling of space between central fill stripe and fill stripe on the side of massive is performed. Preparation of next extraction column is performed under protection of erected fill stripes. |
 Method for constructing artificial supports during extraction of steep beds / 2246619Method includes erection of rows of main platforms along bed length in staggered order with length equal or divisible by step value for support displacement, and placing filling material thereon. Along length of main platforms between ceiling and bed soil post support is mounted, upon which filling material is fed. After that between main platforms additional platforms are erected with wedge supporting, and main platforms are rotated counter-clockwise towards pneumatic support and it is displaced for one drive step. During that filling material, while lowering, unwedges wedge support between ceiling and bed soil and forms artificial supports. After that additional platforms are rotated counter-clockwise towards pneumatic support. After movement of cleaning face for two drive steps operations for constructing artificial supports are repeated. Distance between main platforms along bed fall line are selected from mathematical expression. |
 Method for open extraction of steep-falling deposits with internal dump-forming / 2246620Method includes dividing quarry on rows, of which first one is extracted to planned depth with external dump-forming, and extraction of following rows is performed with use of internal dump-forming, placing dug rocks to extracted space of adjacent row with common displacement of dump front with development of mining operations. Second and following rows of quarry are divided on basis of height on extraction levels, extraction of uppermost level is performed with placement of dug rocks in upper dump level of extracted space of adjacent row, using surface transporting communication lines, and during extraction of second extractive level dumping of dump level of inner dump is primarily performed by forming pioneer dump at longitudinal processed edge of quarry, on upper area of which transporting lines are placed and dumping of dump level is performed from there, with descent of mining operations in working area of extractive level profile of upper dump area is altered to provided necessary cargo communications of working horizons of extractive level to dump level, after extraction of extractive level remaining pioneer dump is dug to upper mark of following extractive level, and extraction of following extractive levels is performed analogically, using reformed upper area of pioneer dump. |
FIELD: mining industry, particularly to open and prepare underground part of kimberlite deposit.
SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting open mine by excavation ledges; driving inclined bores outside sliding wedge and ore body; driving paired and horizontal workings connected one to another along lower ledge; driving paired inclined workings to be connected one to another towards lower designed venting and haulage horizons and beginning preparation of ore body for further development along above horizons before horizon opening by driving main opening vertical or inclined workings; driving counter-workings from opened venting and hauling horizons towards main opening workings.
EFFECT: reduced time of underground deposit part preparation, increased simplicity and venting reliability.
1 dwg
The invention relates to mining and can be used for dissection and preparation for the development of the underground part of kimberlite deposits.
During the development of kimberlite deposits exposed by mining operations, it is often necessary to conduct further development of the field of underground mining operations.
There is a method of opening mine horizons of deep pits during the mining of kimberlite fields, including mining quarry ledges, the driving of horizontal and inclined workings of the shafts outside of the failure wedge. [1]. The prototype.
The disadvantages of this method are:
technological complexity sinking workings of the pit in a few different places on the height of the scarps, which has a negative impact on the ongoing open pit mining;
- preparation for the development of the underground part kimberlite deposits is constrained by the mining activities being conducted in the inclined opening the trunk, which extends the total period of training to the development of the underground part of the field;
- difficult airing passable mining the large number of fan installations.
The proposed method differs in that the first conducting pair connected between a horizontal excavations on releasea the ledge with the subsequent sinking of the joined pair of inclined openings to the underlying project vetilation and haulage horizons, which are preparing the ore body for mining before opening these horizons main opening vertical or inclined workings, and opened the vent and octachloro horizons are counter output main revealing of output.
Introduced in the formula of the invention, a significant sign that primarily conduct horizontal and inclined workings on the underlying ledge, allows you to proactively prepare the underground part of the field.
A significant sign that conduct paired, connected between a horizontal and inclined workings, provides reliable ventilation all passed workings of one of the fan installation.
A significant sign that production led to the design of ventilation and octoknema horizons, enables preparation and rifled work uncovered floor.
A significant characteristic of the opened ventilation and haulage horizons are counter output main revealing of generation, can significantly reduce the total period of preparation for the operation of the underground part of the field.
The method is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a cut kimberlite field.
Conventions on the drawing: 1 - kimberlites of the e field; 2 - the underground part of the field; 3 - lower ledge; 4 - horizontal excavations; 5 - slope excavations; 6 - ventilation horizon; 7 - haulage horizon; 8 - counter formulation; 9 - opening production.
The method is as follows. On kimberlite field 1 at the stage of completion of the conduct of surface mining to underground opening part of the Deposit 2 is carried out on the underlying ledge 3 pair of horizontal, connected to each other, generation 4, of which are also connected pair of inclined generate 5 to the underlying ventilation 6 and opening 7 horizons, which are preparing the ore body for mining. From open vent 6 and opening 7 horizons lead generation counter 8 on the main opening production of 9 (vertical or inclined).
After dissection and preparation of the floor and in the process of further refining the preparation of the underlying floor are on a similar scheme.
Advantages of the proposed method are:
- less total period of preparation for the operation of the underground part of kimberlite field;
- simple and reliable system passable ventilation of mine workings;
- preparation of the underground part of the field does not affect the ongoing open-pit mining.
Sources of information the purpose
1. RF patent №2208160, CL 7 E 21 41/00, 2003.
Method of preparation for the development of the underground part kimberlite deposits, including mining quarry ledges, driving workings from ledges, holding inclined shafts outside of the prism of collapse and the ore body, characterized in that the first conducting paired and connected to each other with horizontal excavations on the lower ledge with the subsequent sinking of the joined pair of inclined openings to the underlying design of the ventilation and haulage horizons, which are preparing the ore body for mining before opening these horizons main opening vertical or inclined workings, and from the opened ventilation and haulage horizons are counter output main revealing of output.