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Compensator for thermally induced depolarisation in absorbing optical laser element Compensator for thermally induced depolarisation γ0 includes a compensating optical element located on an optical axis and mounted on an absorbing optical element. The compensating optical element is made of material whose parameters satisfy at least one of the following conditions: the optical anisotropy parameter of the material is negative (ξ1<0), or the thermo-optical characteristic Q1 of the material has a sign opposite to that of the thermo-optical characteristic Q0 of the material of the absorbing optical element, wherein the length L1 of the compensating optical element and the position of the crystallographic axes thereof is defined by the choice of the material of the compensating optical element and the minimum condition of overall thermally induced depolarisation in the absorbing optical element - compensating optical element system. |
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Method of making arrays for workpieces of elements of light-reflecting systems Method includes preliminary chemical and mechanical treatment of a surface, depositing an intermediate zinc layer by chemical deposition from a multi-component zinc-containing solution followed by removal of said layer, re-depositing the zinc layer using a similar technique and depositing, by chemical reduction, a target nickel-phosphorus layer from a solution of a mixture of multi-component nickel and phosphorus compounds. A process additive of amino acetic acid is further added in amount of 10-15 g/l to the solution. The process of obtaining the desired coating is carried out in a single cycle at temperature of 80-90°C. After depositing the nickel-phosphorus layer, heat treatment is carried out at temperature not higher than 400°C. |
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Method of outputting and controlling energy/power of output laser radiation and apparatus therefor Invention relates to laser engineering. The method of outputting and controlling energy/power of output laser radiation includes mounting a reflecting element in a laser resonator at an angle to its axis, said reflecting element being mounted on a movable base, the position of which determines the level of the output energy/power after turning on the laser and setting the required level of pumping energy/power. In the resonator of a pulsed or continuous laser between the output mirror of the laser, which is replaced with an opaque reflecting mirror, and the end of its active element as a reflecting control element, an opaque reflecting mirror is mounted on a movable base which enables to move said mirror parallel to its reflecting surface in the range from its full exit from the light field established in the resonator to complete overlapping of said field after entrance of said movable mirror, with the possibility of not only outputting laser energy/power, but control thereof, and particularly gradual change of energy/power from zero to a maximum value and vice versa at a given pumping level and setting the output energy at the required level. |
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Invention relates to quantum electronics and more specifically to active laser media. The active laser medium includes metal nanoparticles and a phosphor, wherein the laser active centres used are metal nanoparticles surrounded by a cladding which is silica and contains a phosphor whose luminescence spectrum overlaps the surface plasmon resonance peak of the metal nanoparticles. |
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Excimer laser system and method of generating radiation Invention relates to laser engineering. The excimer laser system has a chassis on which are mounted: a pulsed power supply whose terminals are low-inductively connected to capacitors of each laser module; an additional power supply whose polarity is opposite to that of the power supply, connected to additional capacitors through ends of each ceramic container; a first laser module and a second laser module identical to the first. Each module includes a long ceramic housing which houses a gas stream generating system, a pre-ioniser, first and second electrodes, capacitors placed outside the housing and connected to the first electrode through high-voltage current leads of the housing. The housing also houses either one or two long ceramic containers, arranged such that walls of each ceramic container facing the discharge region form part of the gas stream generating system in the electrode region. Each container houses additional capacitors connected to the second electrode through grounded current leads of the housing, long grounded gas-permeable current conductors, arranged at both sides of the electrodes, current leads of each ceramic container and additional capacitors. |
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Invention relates to laser engineering. In the gas-discharge laser, capacitors which are low-inductively connected to laser electrodes are arranged near a first electrode in ceramic containers. Parts of each long ceramic container are arranged on the side of the discharge region to form, upstream and downstream of the discharge region, gas stream guides/spoilers which considerably alter the direction of the gas stream when passing through the discharge region. The capacitors are low-inductively connected to a pulsed power supply through current leads of each container, high-voltage current leads of a laser metal chamber and long grounded current leads arranged on both sides of the electrodes. |
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Apparatus for exciting spatial charge in dense gases Invention relates to quantum electronics and can be used to excite active media of gas lasers. The apparatus for exciting spatial charge in dense gases includes a high-voltage source connected to elongated, blade-shaped corona and current-collecting electrodes mounted along a dielectric cylinder which is capable of rotating. An electroconductive screen and a dielectric film are placed on the outer surface of the cylinder, wherein the corona electrode is placed along the radius of the cylinder with spacing from the cylinder. The screen is in form of two or more sections extending along the cylinder and electrically insulated from each other, wherein the section passing through the zone of the blade-shaped corona electrode is connected by a sliding contact to the grounded terminal of the source, and the section pass through the zone of the blade-shaped current-conducting electrode is connected by a sliding contact to the potential terminal of the source. Potential applied to a section of the screen can be controlled, for example, by a potentiometer. |
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Disc-shaped solid laser includes a matrix (1) of semiconductor pumping laser, a resonator with a disc-shaped crystal (6) and an output lens (8), jet-fluid cooling system (10) for the laser crystal (6) and a collimator (2) of the pumping beam. Collimated pumping light enters the focusing resonator which contains two parabolic mirrors (4, 5) and a correcting mirror (7) and is focused many times to the laser crystal (6). In the first parabolic reflector there are only one or two inlet ports (9) of rectangular shape for pumping light. In case of one inlet port its geometric centre is shifted along the fast-acting axis of the semiconductor laser matrix. In case of two inlet ports they are distributed equally and symmetrically along the slow-acting axis of the semiconductor laser matrix. |
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Apparatus for generating volumetric self-sustained discharge Apparatus for generating volumetric self-sustained discharge has a discharge chamber in which are mounted three electrode pairs which are connected to a pumping source, each pair consisting of plate-like profiled electrodes. Each cathode plate is situated in the plane of the corresponding anode plate and electrode pairs are mounted either parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber or at an acute angle to said axis. The working edge of the central cathode plates has at the centre a straight portion to which portions with a Stepperch profile adjoin at both sides. The working edge of the central anode plates has an arched shape and faces the discharge gap with its convex surface. Portions of the working edges of the outermost anode and cathode plates, facing the centre electrodes, repeat the profile of the working edge of corresponding anode and cathode central plates. Outer portions of working edges of the outermost anode and cathode plates have an arched shape and a longer length than portions of working edges of the outermost anode and cathode plates facing the centre electrodes, wherein all portions of the working edges have smooth mating. |
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Laser radiation forming optical system for gas laser Invention relates to laser engineering and can be used in gas laser structures. The laser radiation forming optical system a gas laser based on an unstable telescopic optical cavity comprises a cavity end mirror and a cavity exit mirror enclosed in a sealed gas volume and allows exit of laser radiation through the exit mirror. The cavity exit mirror is made on the working surface of a lens meniscus at the centre, lying on the optical axis of the system. The lens meniscus with the exit mirror, which bounds the active gas volume, operates as the exit window of the optical system. |
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Operation of aircraft gas turbine and device to this end This invention comprises the stage of compression in compressors, heat feed in combustion chamber and the stage of expansion at turbines and jet nozzle. Said expansion at high-pressure turbine blades is executed in supersonic flow and density inversion in said flow is used for organisation of coherent radiation. Proposed engine comprises the compressor low-pressure stage, high-pressure stage, combustion chamber, high-pressure turbine, low-pressure turbine and jet nozzle. Additionally, two barrel-shape resonators, inner and outer, with semi-transparent element in outer resonator, obturator and birotating wheel of active blading. High-pressure turbine working blades are composed of the series of Laval nozzles and two barrel-like resonators arranged there behind while obturator and birotating wheel of active blading are arranged downstream of gas flow. |
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Mechanical q-switch (quality switch) for pulse lasers with commutator function Mechanical Q-switch (quality switch) for pulse lasers with a commutator function is a device with an optical-mechanical unit, a power supply unit and a processor control unit and a prefabricated prism which is installed on the rotating rotor of an electric motor; the prism consists of two rectangular prisms Ap90 fixed by their hypotenuse edges at the tiled edges of the rhomb-prism with a gap between edges. The device ensures Q-factor of the pulse laser circuit at the moment of radiation in two directions due to applied semitransparent coatings at cathetus edges of the prisms Ap90 fixed at the rhomb-prism with a nontransmitting mirror included into the laser design; at the moment of radiation the laser does not generate flare to sensors receiving the echo signal from each of two potential directions, it is ensured by a rotary shutter fixed at the rotor of the electric motor, which covers the sensors at the moment of the laser radiation and passes the received echo signal to the receiving sensors due to two cuts made in its edge. |
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Active element from neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminium garnet, with peripheral absorbing layer Invention relates to solid-state lasers. Active element from neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminium garnet, (YAG:Nd3+), with peripheral absorbing layer is made in form of rod. Element consists of central part from YAG:Nd3+ and peripheral layer, transparent in area of waves length of YAG:Nd3+ excitation, which ensures absorption on wave length 1064 nm and which has temperature coefficient of linear extension and index of refraction, close to temperature coefficient of linear extension and index of reflection of YAG:Nd3+. Peripheral layer is made from fusible glass, which includes in its composition lead oxide PbO, boron oxide B2O3, silicon oxide SiO2, aluminium oxide Al2O3, zinc oxide ZnO, samarium oxide Sm2O3, with the following component ratio, wt %: PbO 52.3-59.8; B2O3 14.7-16.8; SiO2 5.4-6.2; Al2O3 5.1-5.8; ZnO 4.4-5.0; Sm2O3 6.4-18.1. |
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Gas-discharge laser, laser system and method of generating radiation Invention relates to laser engineering. The gas-discharge laser includes: a laser chamber (1) consisting a ceramic material and filled with a gas mixture, elongated electrodes (2, 3) defining a discharge region (4), a preionisation unit (5); the gas circulation system (9, 10, 11, 12, 13); a set of capacitors (14) arranged outside the laser chamber (1) and connected to the first and second electrodes (2, 3) via electrical leads (17, 18) of the laser chamber (1) and gas-permeable reverse current leads (19) disposed in the laser chamber on both sides of the electrodes; a power supply connected to the capacitors and a resonator. The laser chamber (1) comprises a ceramic tube (24) and two end flanges (25) rigidly interconnected by a fastening system (26) that extends along the ceramic tube (24). The fastening system (26) is in form of a metal tube encircling the ceramic tube, equipped with a sufficiently wide extended recess for installing the set of capacitors (14) and having on the faces of the end flanges attached to end flanges (25) of the laser chamber (1) or in form of tightening beams. |
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Gas discharge laser comprises: a laser chamber filled with a gas mixture, consisting of ceramic material and comprising the first and second electrodes distant from each other and defining the area of discharge between them, a lengthy pre-ionisation unit and a gas circulation system. The first electrode is located near the inner surface of the laser chamber. The set of capacitors, to which a power supply source is connected, is located outside the laser chamber and is connected with the first and second electrodes via electric inputs of the laser chamber and gas permeable return current leads arranged in the laser chamber at both sides of the electrodes. At the same time the laser chamber comprises a ceramic pipe with two end flanges, which are rigidly connected to each other by means of a lengthy fastening system, and the ceramic pipe of the laser chamber has a lengthy niche at the inner side, where at least the first electrode is installed. Parts of the inner surface of the pipe adjoining the niche form guides of gas flow or spoilers arranged upwards and downwards along the flow from the first electrode. |
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Gas discharge laser and method of radiation generation Gas discharge laser comprises: a laser chamber comprising lengthy electrodes distanced from each other, a lengthy pre-ionisation unit; a system of gas circulation; a set of capacitors installed in ceramic containers located near the first electrode, the specified capacitors are connected to electrodes via current leads of ceramic containers and via current leads arranged at both sides of electrodes. The laser also comprises a pulse source of power supply connected to capacitors, at the same time in the laser chamber there are additional lengthy ceramic containers, each comprising additional capacitors. There are tight current leads installed in walls of each additional container along it. At the same time capacitors are connected to the second electrode via gas permeable current conductors, current leads of each additional container and additional capacitors. Outside the laser chamber there is an additional pulse source of supply, polarity of which is opposite to the polarity of the source of supply, being connected to additional capacitors. |
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Gas discharge laser, laser system and method of radiation generation In a gas discharge laser capacitors (11), which are in a low inductive manner connected to electrodes (2, 3) of the laser, are placed near the first electrode (2) in ceramic containers (10) and in a low inductive manner are connected to a pulse source of power supply (15) via current leads (12, 13) of each container, high-voltage current leads (21) of a metal laser chamber (1) and lengthy grounded current leads (23), arranged at both sides of ceramic containers (10). End parts (29) of each ceramic container (10) are tightly fixed in the ends (30) of the laser chamber (1) with the possibility of access or connection to the inner part of the container (10). |
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Gas discharge laser comprises the following: a laser chamber filled with a gas mixture, which comprises the first and second long electrodes that are distant from each other, a pre-ionisation unit, a system of gas circulation, a set of capacitors arranged outside the laser chamber and connected to electrodes via electric inputs of the laser chamber and gas permeable reverse current conductors, arranged in the laser chamber at both sides of electrodes, a source of power supply connected to capacitors and designed for their pulse charging to breakthrough voltage, and a resonator for generation of a laser beam. The laser chamber comprises a ceramic pipe with two end flanges rigidly fixed to each other by means of a fastening system stretched along the ceramic pipe. Each of end flanges is sealed with a ceramic pipe by means of a circular gasket placed on the outer surface of the end part of the ceramic pipe. Each end flange has a circular niche on the inner side, where the end of the ceramic pipe is placed, and the end flange closely adjoins the ceramic pipe only on its outer surface in place of installation of a sealing circular gasket. |
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System for laser surgical ophthalmology Group of inventions refers to medical equipment. A system comprises: a pulse laser light source with the laser light parameters specified to make a photodestruction corneal incision, a scanner for laser light travel, an electronic control unit, a modular unit for emitted laser pulse modulation. The control unit controls the scanner according to the incision geometry specified to form a flap and providing a border incision along a specific flap border and to cut out a flap bed according to a snake-like or spiral beam travel pattern with a number of opposite straight-line portions, and with a number of reverse curves each of which pieces the ends of the two straight-line portions and localised outside the flap. The control unit can also control the modular unit so that to suppress some laser pulses in the pattern sections localised outside the flap. According to the other version of the invention, the modular unit control provides for energy reduction and/or blanking of some laser pulses as approaching internal turns of the spiral pattern to ensure a fixed energy per a unit of area within the centre and at the periphery of the cornea. |
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Amplification optical fibre, and optical fibre amplifier and resonator using said amplifier Invention relates to a amplification optical fibre, an optical fibre amplifier and a resonator using said amplifier. The amplification optical fibre comprises: a core; cladding coating the core; and outer cladding coating the cladding. The core allows light having a predetermined wavelength to propagate in LP01 mode and LP02 mode, and has a higher refraction index than the cladding. The core is doped with an active element which stimulates emission of light with the predetermined wavelength. The position where intensity of the LP02 mode becomes zero is doped with a higher concentration than the centre of the core. |
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Gas-discharge laser and method of generating radiation Invention relates to laser engineering. The laser, preferably an excimer laser, includes a laser chamber consisting of ceramic material and having elongated first and second electrodes, the first of which is situated near the inner surface of the laser chamber, a pre-ionisation unit; a gas circulation system; a set of capacitors situated outside the laser chamber, and a power supply connected to the capacitors. Elongated ceramic containers housing additional capacitors are placed near the second electrode. The capacitors and the additional capacitors are connected in series to each other through earthed gas-permeable reverse current lead situated on both sides of the electrodes and are connected to the first and second electrodes through leads of the laser chamber and leads of the ceramic containers. |
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Diode-pumped alkali metal vapour laser Diode-pumped alkali metal vapour laser has a laser chamber with an inner cavity with transparent end windows, a sealed closed loop for circulating the active medium, passing through the inner cavity of the chamber in a direction which is transverse to the optical axis of the chamber, a laser diode-based pumping radiation source and optical means of forming and focusing pumping radiation into the inner cavity of the chamber. The active medium is a mixture of a buffer gas and alkali metal vapour. The pumping radiation source is placed on the side of the end window of the laser chamber such that the direction of the pumping radiation generated by the source is directed longitudinally relative the direction of the optical axis of the chamber. The optical means of forming and focusing pumping radiation are made and installed to form, in the active medium in the same plane which is transverse to the optical axis of the chamber, an image of the radiating area of the pumping radiation source in the direction of its short side and a Fourier image of the radiating area of the pumping radiation source in the direction of its long side. |
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In the gas-discharge laser, capacitors which are low-conductance connected to electrodes of the laser, are placed near the first electrode in ceramic containers and are low-inductance connected to a pulsed power supply through current leads of each container, high-voltage current leads of the metallic laser chamber and extended earthing leads, placed on both sides of the containers. |
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Liquid coolant-optical filter for solid-state lasers Invention relates to laser technology and specifically to liquid coolants of solid-state lasers (e.g., neodymium or holmium lasers) which are simultaneously an optical filter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the laser pumping lamp. The coolant can be used anywhere, where solid-state lasers, having a liquid cooling system with filtration of UV radiation of the pumping lamp, are designed or used. The liquid coolant contains 2-oxy-4-(C7-C9-alkyl)oxybenzophenone, butyl alcohol and octane, with the following content of components, wt %: 2-oxy-4-(C7-C9-alkyl)oxybenzophenone 0.3-0.6, butyl alcohol 35-45, octane - the balance. |
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Laser device for control over near-earth space Invention relates to laser location. Proposed device comprises laser radiation extra source, angle mode selector with resonator first mirror, laser radiation master oscillator, semi-translucent mirror of radiation output and resonator second mirror, all located at first optical axis. Complete reflection mirror, working radiation amplifier, spectrum division mirror, first and second rotary devices, all mounted behind the output mirror. Reflection surfaces of the mirrors of said devices are opposed. Means of video observation and control over distant object position and optoelectronic device for registration of reflected probing radiation are arranged behind rear edge of spectrum division mirror. Radar module is arranged at optical axis not aligned with said first one and including probing laser radiation source, generator of probing radiation spatial profile and divergence, complete reflection mirror system for transfer of probing radiation, third and fourth rotary devices, and means of video observation and control over distant object position. Reflection surfaces of the mirrors of said devices are opposed. Besides, it incorporates automated control system integrated with survey and tie-in system. |
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Reactor laser apparatus with direct pumping by fission fragments Reactor laser apparatus with direct pumping by fission fragments consists of a subcritical laser unit with an active substance (1) and an ignition pulse nuclear reactor surrounded by the subcritical laser unit. The active substance (1) includes a laser medium (4), non-threshold fissile nuclear material (7) and a neutron moderator (3). The ignition pulse nuclear reactor consists of a core which contains fissile nuclear material and a reactivity modulator (5). The fissile nuclear material with an ignition pulse nuclear reactor used is a threshold fissile nuclear material (9). The non-threshold fissile nuclear material (7) used in the subcritical laser unit is, for example, uranium-233, uranium-235 or plutonium-239. The threshold fissile nuclear material (9) used in the ignition pulse nuclear reactor is, for example, neptunium-237, plutonium-240, and at least one core. |
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Phosphate laser glass contains P2O5, AlO3, B2O3, SiO2, K2O, Na2O, CaO, SrO, BaO, CeO2 and Nd2O2, with the following ratio of components: (in wt %) P2O5 60-66, Al2O3 4-8.5, B2O3 0.2-3, SiO2 0.5-3, K2O 4.5-11.5, Na2O 0.5-3.5, CaO 0.1-3, SrO 2-17, BaO 0.8-12, CeO2 0.1-1, Na2O3 0.5-5, wherein the ratio of the number of oxygen atoms to phosphorus atoms is in the range of 3-3.1. |
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Method for differential control of population inversion of the laser medium involves spectral analysis of the tapped portion of spontaneous radiation power during pumping through relative comparison of optical spectrum densities of spontaneous radiation in two regions: long-wave and short-wave. Spectral regions in the vicinity of maximum spectrum densities are compared. |
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Diode pumped optical amplifier head Diode pumped optical amplifier head has, in a housing, an active element in form of a rod, arrays of diode lasers placed on holders along the active element, and a cooling system having a glass tube encircling the active element to form a radial channel δ. Damping elements are placed at both ends of the glass tube. Cooling channels with inlet and outlet pipes, which form a double-loop cooling system, are placed in the housing, holders and arrays of diode lasers. |
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Solid-state upconversion laser Solid-state upconversion laser includes an upconversion laser medium placed in an optical resonator, and a pumping device which includes two semiconductor radiation sources at wavelengths λ1 and λ2 and a fibre module arranged such that optical outputs of both pumping radiation sources are interfaced with the fibre module, and the focusing system is achromatic at wavelengths λ1 and λ2 and is arranged such that the output of the fibre module is interfaced through it with the upconversion laser medium. |
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Invention relates to an optical pumping structure for a laser which includes: an active medium in the form of a cylindrical rod (1) with a circular cross-section, wherein ends of the rod are inserted into two rings (11) made of a thermally conductive material; at least three stacks (21, 22) of small pumping diode rods arranged in the form of a star around the rod; and a support (5) temperature-regulated by a Peltier-effect module (8). The rings (11) are in contact with the support (5), and a stack of diodes, called the bottom stack (21), is situated between the rod (1) and the support (5), and has for each other stack (22), a thermal conduction block (7) forming a support for said stack (22), these blocks (7) being mounted on the cooled support (5) and not being in contact with one another or with the rings (11). |
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Target destruction laser system Proposed system comprises amplifier laser and guidance laser. Guidance laser incorporates dissipating optical system. Amplifier laser is composed of two spherical mirrors, one semi translucent with identical curvature radius R located at one mirror axis at 2R from each other. Said laser operated in amplification mode. Beams reflected from target and passing through sphere center will be amplified so that said laser generated radiation flow that moves toward the target over reflected guidance laser beam. |
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Combat vehicle is mounted on caterpillar running gear. Combat laser is mounted at mid rotary platform and comprises liquid propellant engine and resonators arranged perpendicular to its lengthwise axis. Oxidiser and propellant tanks are arranged above said mid rotary platform. |
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Method for optical injection of laser Method for optical injection of a giant-pulsed laser consists in illumination of an active laser element with pulse emission of an optical source excited by a pulse of current with specified duration, maintained in process of injection within controlled limits, the current value through the optical source is varied within the pulse so that energy of output laser emission is maximum possible under specified limitations for maximum and minimum values of injection current and for the value of current pulse energy. The moment of laser Q-switching and nature of injection current dependence on time are determined in advance by measurement of laser output energy as time of Q-switching and injection current varies within the specified limits. |
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Current pulse generator is made in the form of a closed circuit comprising the following serially connected components: an accumulating capacitor, a throttle, a gas-filled lamp, a transistor key with a control circuit and a current sensor, and also a damping diode, connected in parallel to the throttle and the lamp, the throttle and the lamp with the damping diode are connected between the transistor key collector and high-voltage electrode of the accumulating capacitor, and the control circuit is made in the form of a shaper of a control pulse of fixed duration, and comprises a threshold device connected along its signal input with a current sensor, and along the output - to a pulse shaper connected to the input of the transistor key. A feedback circuit is introduced between the output of the pulse shaper and a control input of the threshold device. |
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Chemical pulse-periodic continuously-pumped laser with modulation of cavity q-factor Chemical pulse-periodic continuously-pumped laser with modulation of cavity Q-factor, comprising a driving oscillator, a preamplifier and a power amplifier. The driving oscillator comprises a generator of active medium, an optical resonator, formed by output and dead mirrors, and an optical lock placed between them on the optical axis of the resonator for modulation of cavity Q-factor, which includes an electrooptic Pockels lock, at both sides of which there are polarisation prisms. Radiation emitting from the driving oscillator increases, passing via the single-passage preamplifier and the single-passage end power amplifier, every of which comprises generators of active medium. Radiation pulses from the output of the optical resonator arrive to spherical mirrors of a beam spreading telescope, an additional electrooptic Pockels lock, at both sides of which there are polarisation prisms, and spherical mirrors of beam spreading telescopes arranged in front of the preamplifier and the end amplifier. To reduce aberrations, spatial filters are used in the end amplifier, and to match beam dimensions at the outlet of the preamplifier there is a spreading cylindrical telescope. |
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Each of the resonators contains a medium which is excited to generate light waves. Each of the resonators is formed by a set of mirrors which includes two movable mirrors. Each of the three movable mirrors participates in forming two resonators. Pre-positioning of the three mirrors is carried out. The three mirrors are simultaneously moved with the same amplitude which is less than or equal to the intermediate mode of the resonator, such that each of the resonators passes through a length where maximum amplification is provided. Intensity of waves passing through each of the three resonators is measured for each triplet of positions occupied by the mirrors. The length of each of the resonators, where maximum intensity is provided, is determined based on the three triplets. The final positions of the mirrors where maximum intensity in the three resonators is provided are determined. |
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Apparatus for coherent laser beam combining includes a laser with a fibre amplifier and a system of splitters which splits the laser beam into N+1 optical channels, from which one reference channel and N amplifier channels are selected. The apparatus also has a piezoceramic phase modulator of the reference channel, a harmonic electric oscillation generator connected the phase modulator of the reference channel to form an electrical positive feedback and operating at natural resonance frequency of the piezoceramic modulator, N phase-shift piezoceramic elements of operating channels, a system for combining N laser beams, which includes N collimators of operating channels connected to the N phase-shift piezoceramic elements of operating channels. Furthermore, the apparatus has a collimator with a reference channel telescope, connected to the piezoceramic phase modulator of the reference channel, a divider plate, N photodetectors on which control optical signals of interference of the reference and operating channels fall, N synchronous detection units which include a key synchronous detector, the synchronisation input of which is connected to the harmonic electric oscillation generator and the signal input is connected to the output of the N-th control photodetector. The output of the key synchronous detector is connected to the N-th phase-shift piezoceramic element of the operating channel to form an electrical negative feedback. |
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Method of varying neck diameter of output laser beam at fixed distance from laser Method of varying neck diameter of an output laser beam at a fixed distance from the laser is realised by a device having a laser which emits a beam with neck diameter 2hp1 and a confocality parameter zk1, a two-component optical system which forms, in the initial position of components, an output neck with diameter 2 h p 20 ' at a distance L0 from the laser, each component of the optical system being capable of moving along an optical axis. Matched displacement of components is carried out along the optical axis according to the law s2(s1)=a·y(s1)-Δ0+s1, where: s1 and s2 are displacements of the first and second components of the optical system; a = f 1 ' 2 / z k 1 ; Δ0 is the distance between the rear focus F2 of the first component and the front focus F2 of the second component in the initial position. Parameter y is determined by solving the cubic equation a 2 ( x 2 + 1 ) y 3 + a [ 2 a x − b ( x 2 + 1 ) ] y 2 + [ a ( a − 2 b x ) + f 2 ' 2 ( x 2 + 1 ) ] y + x f 2 ' 2 − a b = 0, where x = z p 10 − s 1 z k 1 ; b = z p 20 ' + Δ 0 − s 1 ; zp10 is the position of the neck of the input beam relative the front focus F1 of the first component in the initial position; z p 20 ' is the position of the output neck relative the rear focus F 2 ' of the second component in the initial position; f 1 ' and f 2 ' are the back focal distances of the components. |
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Combat orbital nuclear-pumped laser Combat orbital nuclear-pumped laser has a resonator, a gas-dynamic channel whose inner surface of the internal wall is coated with a layer which contains uranium 235 nuclei and filled with a working gaseous medium, as well as uranium 235 nuclei embedded into the wall of the channel. The gas-dynamic channel is in form of a nozzle of a combustion chamber of a liquid-propellant engine, the expanding section of which has a circular cross-section in the critical section and a rectangular cross-section in the outlet section with a smooth transition from the circular to the rectangular cross-section. The combustion chamber is mounted to a turbo pump assembly which is connected to a gas generator; the resonator is placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle; a nuclear reactor mounted inside the combustion chamber is used. |
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Invention relates to systems of space objects with transmission of energy and pulses there between by laser radiation and may be used at space objects at space objects whereat microgravitation conditions are created at the level of ~ 10-7 …10-8 of acceleration at Earth surface. Proposed system comprises space power station (SPS) 1 with solar cells 2 and four laser radiation sources 4, and space object 7 with receive-convert unit 11, 12, 13 optically communicated with said sources. To orient, stabilise and keep SPS and space object in near-earth orbit low-thrust engines 3, 9 are used. Said receive-convert unit has two pairs of reception planes 12, 13 arranged in symmetry about space object lengthwise axis extending through its center of gravity. One pair of planes 13 controls space object yaw while another pair controls its pitch. Said planes do not extend beyond space object midsection. Any source 4 can vary radiation power or be reoriented to whatever reception pane 12, 13. That is, laser transfer of power (for example, constant for low-thrust engines) allows control orientation and stabilisation at a time. Besides, effects of disturbances (e.g. aerodynamic) are decreased in conditions of microgravitation. |
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Optoelectronic amplifier has a turned semitransparent mirror, two turned reflecting mirrors, a radiation source, two optoelectronic converters and two correcting lenses. The optical output of the first correcting lens is connected through a first optoelectronic converter to the optical input of the second correcting lens. The device includes a second amplifier, a third correcting lens and a third turned reflecting mirror, having an optical input and an optical output respectively connected through the second turned reflecting mirror, through the third correcting lens to the optical output of the second correcting lens and through the first turned reflecting mirror to the first optical input of the turned semitransparent mirror. The first optical output, second optical input and second optical output of the turned semitransparent mirror are respectively connected to the optical input of the first correcting lens, the optical output of the radiation source and the optical input of the second amplifier. |
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In optoelectronic amplifier optical output of the second reversed reflecting mirror through the first reversed reflecting mirror, through the first correcting lens, through the first optoelectronic converter and the second correcting lens is connected to optical input of laser having optical output connected to the optical input of the third correcting lens through the first reversed semitransparent mirror, through the second optoelectronic converter. At that optical output of the third correcting lens is connected to optical input of the second laser having optical output connected through the second reversed semitransparent mirror, through the third reflecting mirror, through the first reversed semitransparent mirror to optical input of the second reversed reflecting mirror. |
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All-fibre laser with ultrashort pulse length All-fibre laser with ultrashort pulse length contains pump lasers connected in series, module of pump laser radiation input into ytterbium-doped fibre, splitter, polarisation controller, device for switching on in self-starting mode and mode synchronisation which is made as a saturated film absorber based on polymer composite with single-wall carbon nanotubes integrated into optical fibre. A part of the all-fibre laser containing ytterbium-doped fibre, module of pump laser radiation input into active fibre, isolating polariser and fibre splitter is made of monomode fibre with polarisation support. The saturated film absorber is located at surface of D-polished cladding of monomode fibre; at that plane of D-polished cladding of monomode fibre is set so that polarisation of transmitted radiation lies in this plane. |
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Impregnable absorbent module based on polymer composite with single-wall carbon nanotubes (versions) Impregnable absorbent module based on a polymer composite with single-wall carbon nanotubes, made on single-mode optical fibre, having a core and cladding. The polymer composite contains a polymer which is mixed with single-wall carbon nanotubes, which is selected to absorb radiation with the required wavelength. A film of the composite with nanotubes is placed on a surface which is polished along one plane of the cladding of the fibre. According to the first version, the fibre is designed to transmit radiation in one direction; the impregnable absorbent module further contains a polariser which is made on a section of the single-mode fibre with cladding which is polished along said plane and lies before the polished section with the film made from the composite when radiation propagates in a given direction; the distance between the polariser and the absorbent enables deviation of the radiation polarisation vector by not more than 5 degrees. According to the second version, residual thickness of the fibre cladding ranges from 1 to 3 mcm; thickness of the film of the composite is not more than 1 mcm; said film is coated with an aluminium film with thickness of not more than 100 nm; the length of such a double-layer film ranges from 1 to 10 mm. |
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Laser fluoride nanoceramic and method for production thereof Fluoride nanoceramic is obtained by thermomechanical treatment of the starting crystalline material made from CaF2-YbF3, at plastic deformation temperature to obtain a workpiece in form of a polycrystalline microstructured substance, which is characterised by crystal grain size of 3-100 mcm and a nanostructure inside the grains, by annealing on air at temperature of not less than 0.5 of the melting point with compaction of the obtained workpiece in a vacuum at pressure of 1-3 tf/cm2 until the end of the deformation process, followed by annealing in an active medium of carbon tetrafluoride at pressure of 800-1200 mmHg. The starting crystalline material used can be a fine powder which has been subjected to heat treatment in carbon tetrafluoride, or a moulded workpiece of crystalline material made from the powder and heat treated in carbon tetrafluoride. |
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Method of reducing laser generation existence domain Method of reducing laser generation existence domain involves bringing the required value of the laser generation existence domain is brought into conformity with the difference between active medium gain, the controlled ratio between pumping intensity and depopulation of the upper or lower energy level, and main resonator losses which are varied selectively on the frequency range by the action of additional external or internal optical resonators for the operating transition connected to the main resonator. The action of the additional resonators occurs only through an auxiliary optical transition, having a common energy level with the operating transition, wherein radiation at the operating transition from external resonators is essentially not returned. |
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Combat laser comprises a source of energy, such as a horizontally installed liquid rocket engine with a supersonic nozzle. At the outlet of the nozzle there is an exhaust device installed as capable of rotation. Resonators are installed on the exhaust device and comprise ball hinged joints, providing for rotation of resonators in the vertical plane. The exhaust device is made as capable of regenerative cooling and comprises inner and outer walls. On the inner wall there is a layer of uranium 235, particles of uranium 235 are introduced into the wall itself. |
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Beam scanning laser has a laser radiation source, a resonator through one of the optical elements of which a scanning beam comes out, a laser radiation amplifier, light modulators, retarders and polarisation dividers inside the resonator, as well as at least one optical system which returns laser radiation reflected from one of the polarisation dividers into the resonator. The laser radiation source lies outside the resonator; the resonator is based on an annular scheme in which input of radiation from the radiation source and output of the scanning beam is provided through the polarisation dividers which also act as mirrors and the resonator; the optical system gives angular displacement of the laser radiation returned into the resonator, which is reflected from one of the polarisation dividers in the resonator. |
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Combat laser contains foundation with laser station mounted on it on the base of gas dynamic laser, note that laser station is made in the form of liquid fuel rocket engine with nozzle that contains subsonic and supersonic parts and critical section on their joint mounted vertically with the possibility of exhausting the combustion products vertically upwards and resonator mounted in critical section on cylindrical hinge. |
Another patent 2513171.