|
Method is performed using the automated system which comprises a laser device with the possibility of longitudinal displacement and is provided with a damper platform placed on the surface miner frame and pivotally connected to the frame of the laser device. The laser device is placed on the frame guides with the ability to move longitudinally along the guides on the rolling bearings using the drive connected with the automatic control unit, and is made in the form of a cassette with fibre-optic emitters placed along the moving direction of the surface miner. |
|
|
Multicomponent product destruction method Destruction method of multicomponent products consisting of metal components with attached insulating elements includes induction of stress field exceeding the limit of their mechanical strength in result of powerful shock waves, which are originated from a discharge channel formed in water between electrodes installed in a case and connected to a high-voltage pulse generator; the method is featured by use of discharges with energy gradient of 0.8-0.9 J/mm in order to induce stress field exceeding the limit of their mechanical strength and by implementation of the above discharges on the boundary line of water and destructed insulating elements. |
|
|
Electric pulse well drilling and electric pulse drill tip Invention relates to well and shaft drilling. Drilling of solid bodies by electric pulse discharges comprises destruction of said bodies by high-voltage electric discharges between HV and grounded electrodes by electric pulse drill tip. Descending flow of flushing electrically conducting fluid destructs solid bodies to form gas cavity nearby working area naked end of HV electrode. Drill tip comprises HV and grounded electrodes isolated by insulator furnished with openings for feed of flushing fluid. HV electrode is shaped to skirt while central grounded electrode is spring loaded. Said drill tip is equipped with second grounded electrode composed of ring arranged above HV electrode. |
|
|
Device for laser-mechanical drilling of silica-containing materials Device comprises an electric motor, a reduction gear with a hollow shaft, a laser light source, a tool for drilling, a mechanism of reciprocating supply of the drilling tool, an optical fibre, a gas system, a fluid reservoir, a mixer, a liquid injection system into the mixer, a suction system, channels for cooling the optical fibre, for supplying a refrigerant into a digging face zone and for discharging the refrigerant and the sludge suctioned from the digging face zone. A gas flow is supplied to the mixer from the gas system for atomisation of fluid in it with formation of a gas-droplet mixture, supplied into the digging face zone. The drilling tool is made of a sequence of units in the form of core tubes. The final unit of the drilling tool includes a ribbed crown equipped with heat-resistant cutters at its end and side surfaces. The slave end of the initial unit of the drilling tool is connected to the hollow shaft of a cylindrical reduction gear connected to an electric motor. The tube inside which the optical fibre made of quartz is placed with a gap, is positioned coaxially and without a possibility of rotation inside the cavity of the cylindrical reduction gear and the core units. The annular gap between the fibre surface and the inner surface of the tube serves as a supply channel of the gas guard flow for cooling the optical fibre and protecting its radiative end against particles of a destructible material during laser and mechanical treatment of the digging face surface. The annular gap between the outer surface of the tube and the inner surface of the core units serves as a channel for supplying the refrigerant into the digging face zone. The annular gap between the outer surface of core units and the hole surface in the material serves as a discharge channel of the refrigerant and sludge suctioned from the digging face zone. |
|
|
Laser-mechanical drilling of silica-bearing materials Laser radiation is fed to bore face is delivered via quartz optical 0.2-1 mm dia fibre. Optical fibre is locked in pipe along the drilling tool inner space axis. Note here that radiating end of optical finer is spaced from ribbed bit cutters end surface for h≤d0/[2tg(arcsinNA)], where d0 is ribbed bit cavity diameter, NA is optical fibre numerical aperture. Protective gas flow is forced in circular gap between optical finer surface and pipe inner surface towards the face. Said face is irradiated with laser beam with radiation sport at face surface of diameter smaller than that of ribbed bit OD by (0.6÷2)Δ, where Δ=(20÷35)/q is depth of thermally weakened material layer (cm), q=P(l-R)(l-ρ) is absorbed laser radiation density (W/cm2), P is power density of incident laser radiation (W/cm2), R is the factor of reflection from material surface, ρ is heat loses from radiation from heated material. For this, prior to irradiation drill tool end surface is set at L=[D-d0-(0.6÷2)Δ]/[2tg(arcsinNA)] from face surface, where D is ribbed bit OD. Drilling is conducted in intermittent manner. In every cycle, face surface is irradiated for t=(45000÷130000)/q2 (s), for face surface heating to material fusion and boiling temperature. Then, face surface is cooled by coolant for 1-15 s at heat exchange factor of 300÷5000 W/m2·deg. Then, drill tool is displaced towards the face till the contact therewith by ribbed bit end cutters. Lengthwise forces are applied to mechanically crush said thermally weakened material to depth Δ with simultaneous forced removal of slime from face zone. Thereafter drill toll is shifted from face surface for distance L. Drill cycles are reiterated unless preset bore depth is reached. |
|
|
Method of combined laser-mechanical drilling of silica-containing materials To drill holes in concrete buildings for the purpose to strengthen them with braces and in dangerous vertical sections of the rock, to drill thin diagnostic deep holes in multi-metre concrete walls of burial grounds with buried radioactive substances, for drilling of local side holes in the wall of the well, drilling in surrounding rock is carried out cyclically. In each cycle of drilling the hole bottom is exposed to serial alternation of thermal and mechanical actions, namely, in the following sequence: laser radiation, cooling by coolant, mechanical grinding of a layer of weakened material on it and forced removal of sludge from the bottomhole area, afterwards the cycles of drilling are repeated to achieve the specified depth of the hole. |
|
Hydrocavitation erosion destruction method involves pressure water supply to the inlet of a hydrocavitation device, activation of a hydrocavitation process inside that device by means of a cavitation body contained in it and supply of a cavitating water jet from the device outlet to the surface to be destructed, which is located in water medium. Space before the surface to be destructed us filled with water. A hydrocavitation process is formed, which represents vibration supercavitation with local medium heating, water ionisation and cavitation erosion of the surface to be destructed. In order to increase the power of action on the destructed obstacle, there used are n parallel working hydrocavitation devices structurally connected with a framework and forming together a hydrocavitation erosion destruction complex of natural and artificial obstacles, besides, by means of a single lever of the framework for destruction of especially solid obstacles. Prior to the beginning of operation, there installed into the complex framework with their mechanical fixation is 1 to n hydrocavitation devices that operate jointly as effectively as possible to destruct certain obstacles. Inlets of all of the used hydrocavitation devices are connected to the corresponding pressure water supply sleeves with individual shutoff mechanisms; then, shutoff mechanisms required for operation are opened. Obstacles are concentrated on minimum surface area by means of the single level of the framework for destruction of especially solid obstacles of hydrocavitation devices, and in order to improve performance of the complex operation on the corresponding less solid obstacles by means of the same single lever of the framework of n hydrocavitation devices there deconcentrated are obstacles on maximum surface area. |
|
Pneumatic percussion mechanism Percussion mechanism includes a cylindrical housing with a sleeve and outlet channels, a working tool with a shank, a stepped piston with stock and main parts with a central channel and a sleeve with a longitudinal channel-slot and a hole in the stock part of the piston, which divides the cylindrical housing cavity into an annular chamber on the side of stock part of the piston, an idle stroke chamber on the side of the working tool shank and an annular distributing chamber in the sleeve of the cylindrical housing on the side of the piston stock part, an annular flange with air supply holes to the annular distributing chamber and a through axial channel for passage of the rod with a shutoff valve, a fastening shell fixed relative to the cylindrical housing, a network air chamber formed with the shell with and air supply channel and an annular flange, which is fixed in the through axial channel of the annular flange, the rod with the shutoff valve that constantly interacts with a longitudinal channel-slot in the hole of the sleeve located in the central channel of the piston, which connects periodically, depending on position of the stepped piston, the annular distributing chamber and the idle stroke chamber to each other. In the section of interaction of the annular stage of the cylindrical housing sleeve with the stock part of the piston there is an annular gap with a design flow cross-section, and on stock part of the piston there is a throttling bypass channel-slot that constantly connects the annular distributing chamber to the annular chamber. |
|
Pneumatic percussion mechanism Mechanism includes a cylindrical housing with a sleeve and outlet channels, a working tool with a shank. A stepped piston with stock and main parts with a central channel and a sleeve with a longitudinal channel-slot and a hole in a stock part of the piston, which divides the cylindrical housing cavity into an annular distributing chamber in the sleeve of the cylindrical housing on the side of stock part of the piston and the idle stroke chamber on the side of the working tool shank. An annular flange with air inlet holes to the annular distributing chamber and a through axial channel for passage of a rod with a shutoff valve, a fastening shell fixed relative to the cylindrical housing. Network air chamber is formed with a fastening shell with an air supply channel and an annular flange fixed in the through axial channel of the annular flange, the rod with the shutoff valve, which constantly interacts with the longitudinal channel-slot in the hole of the sleeve located in the central channel of stepped piston, which connects periodically, depending on position of the stepped piston, the annular distributing chamber and the idle stroke chamber to each other. In the section of interaction of the annular stage of the cylindrical housing sleeve with the stock part of the piston there is an annular gap with a design flow cross-section, and on inner side surface of the sleeve there is a throttling bypass channel-slot along a generatrix, which constantly connects the annular distributing chamber to the annular chamber. |
|
Hand mechanised tool for performance of the specified process on a processed part with rectilinear motion of a tip, comprising a body of the mechanised tool, having the end area, to which a tip is fixed, a handle provided on the rear part of the mechanised tool body opposite to the tip, besides, the handle designed for a user to hold the mechanised tool, in which the handle is connected with the body of the mechanised tool via an elastic element and may slide relative to the body of the mechanised tool in axial direction of the tip, and a protruding area provided jointly with the body of the mechanised tool, besides, the protruding area stretches at the bottom of the lower area of the handle to receive the sliding motion of the handle. |
|
Rock burst method, and device for its implementation Method involves drilling in the plane of the supposed burst of bore pits, sealing of their mouth, creation in bore pits of burst static load by supplying to them of plastic substance under pressure. Bore pits are drilled till their axes cross, and tubes with one longitudinal slot, which are filled with plastic substance and which have outside diameter that is equal to diameter of bore pits, are arranged in them. Slot of each tube is directed towards the supposed burst. The device includes the first tube with a longitudinal slot, which is filled with plastic substance, at one end of which the first plug is installed, and on its other end there screwed is the first shell having a central hole with thread, where a screw with a handle is screwed. It is equipped with the second tube with a longitudinal slot, which is filled with plastic substance, at one end of which the second plug is installed, and on its other end there screwed is the second shell having a central hole. A rod with stepped thinning going out of the second tube through the central hole in the second shell is inserted in the second tube. The first and the second tubes are not attached to each other. |
|
Electrodischarge destruction method of solid materials Electrodischarge destruction method of solid materials involves formation of a bore pit in solid material, arrangement in it of a cartridge containing a substance that transmits an air blast and a blasting conductor, and initiation of a discharge with the blasting conductor. Cartridges are made from plastic material with acoustic stiffness close to acoustic stiffness of destructible material. Blasting conductor is pressed into cartridge material. Polyethylene or plasticine is used as plastic material. |
|
Electric pulse drilling assembly Hydraulic current lead (1), drill stem (2) and drill head including housing (6), high-voltage and earthed electrodes (7 and 8) and high-voltage insulator (9) are connected in series in the assembly. Inside drill stem (2) there coaxially fixed is axial current lead (5), on which central pipe (10) is freely put and provided with charging device (14) and high-voltage pulse (15) source, which are fixed on the above central pipe. Shock absorbing spring (12) is installed under high-voltage pulse (15) source in casing (13) freely put on central pipe (10). One or more bottom-hole posts (11) are attached to lower end of central pipe (10) and have the possibility of longitudinal movement till they come out of the drill head by more than 1/3 of inter-electrode distance. |
|
Device for combined mechanical and thermal hole reaming Proposed device comprises electric heaters with adsorber arranged in series in air feed line. Note here that adsorber is composed of two different-diameter cylinders fitted one into another. Note also that adsorber smaller cylinder wall is tightly fitted on outer surface of tube discharging vapor-gas mix into atmosphere. Adsorbent is arranged in spring-loaded cassette displacing in vertical direction between larger cylinder inner surface and smaller cylinder outer surface. Said adsorber cylinders are made of bimetals. Note that larger cylinder inner surface material features thermal conductivity 2.0-2.5 times higher than that of outer surface material. Smaller cylinder outer surface material features thermal conductivity 2.0-2.5 times lower than that smaller cylinder on the side of the tube discharging vapor-gas mix into atmosphere. |
|
Gas generator (3) is used for breaking or cracking of natural and artificial structures, being inserted into the drilled boreholes and ignited to start the combustion reaction in the deflagration or non-detonating mode. The gas generator consists of a first part (11) with the first main cavity (12) and a second part (13) with the second main cavity (14). The first part contains the oxidant and the fuse composition. The second part contains liquid, such as water which serves for distribution of pressure generated by the gases formed in the combustion reaction. The first and second main cavities are separated from each other by bottom of the first part (21), which for example can be mounted according to the size of the first cavity and the volume of oxidant in it. The present gas generating device in particular is well adapted for use in horizontally drilled holes. The first part can consist of a composition that uses as a part of the fuse composition the bearing structure of the polymer material and aluminium or similar material added to it, which reduces the burning time and increases the energetic capacity of the composition. Any special igniting device (27) can be used. |
|
Machine includes case, striker, forward stroke chamber, reverse stroke chamber, and additional chamber in the case, work fluid inlet and discharge ducts between case and striker, control duct and additional duct, tool, work fluid supply, accumulator, hydraulic distribution valve connecting forward stroke chamber either with work fluid supply or with drain to a tank; control chamber of hydraulic distribution valve is permanently connected via control duct to additional chamber, and distribution valve slide is spring-loaded by a load equal to force in control chamber of hydraulic distribution valve at work fluid pressure equal to P3 preset value. Forward stroke chamber is connected via hydraulic distribution valve to work fluid supply, accumulator and reverse stroke chamber by additional duct via reverse valve when strike is delayed and the system reaches preset P3 pressure value before forward stroke of striker, or by additional duct via reverse valve and by work fluid inlet and discharge duct from forward stroke chamber when striker starts forward stroke. Additional chamber is connected to work fluid supply, accumulator and reverse stroke chamber at the end of reverse stroke of striker, and to drain to a tank at the end of forward stroke of striker. Case, striker and work fluid inlet and discharge duct of forward stroke chamber can form closed circuit of work fluid in forward stroke chamber at the end of reverse stroke of striker. |
|
Device to cut rock slabs with high-voltage discharges Device to cut rock slabs by high-voltage discharges has a tubular channel for supply of washing fluid into a gap between high-voltage and grounded electrodes made in the form of parallel plates separated with an insulator. The high-voltage and grounded electrodes are arranged horizontally, and on top to one of ends of the upper electrode there is a pipe fixed for rotation and displacement of the device, and in the gap between electrodes there is an above-bottomhole dielectric pipe, made with washing windows facing towards the near-bottomhole parts of electrodes. Inside the pipe of rotation and displacement there is a high-voltage pipe installed coaxially and separated with an intertubular insulator. The high-voltage and grounded electrodes are equipped with near-bottomhole electrode ribs of different shape. |
|
Electromagnet pulse mechanism comprises a body of a ferromagnetic material, an anchor with rings from a non-magnetic current-conducting material, an induction coil, rear and front covers and a source of pulse current. The anchor is made of two hollow parts of identical length that are symmetrically arranged relative to the induction coil, between which there is a fixed ferromagnetic core, each part of the anchor comprises a ferromagnetic base and a non-magnet current-conducting ring placed on it. Such design of the anchor in the pulse mechanism provides for simultaneous power effect at its both parts and accordingly compensation of reaction forces acting at the coil and the body. |
|
Method for passing solid rocks at wells and tunnels drilling by rock melting method Process of rock melting is done by heading set of equipment that melts the rock, separates the central core of the rock and removes it from well and tunnel. Heading set of equipment consists of a group of mechanisms made in a form of three supporting sections interconnected by movement mechanisms, one melting section that melts the rock by gas burners and drain cylinder, where melted rock flows. Gas burners are regularly engaged filling the cavity with burning gas that melts the rock in annular zone till liquid condition at specified depth. Then the burners are disengaged, compressed air or other compound is supplied in turns into movement mechanisms of each supporting section, heading set of equipment is moved forward from one position to the other with simultaneous squeezing of melted rock out through the discharge pipe into drain cylinder and exhaust gas is released by gas discharge tubes. |
|
In the proposed device a hammer is made in the form of a cylindrical rod with a striker fixed on the lower end and a piston ledge on its upper part arranged in the isolated cavity of the body, partially filled with a working fluid. In the inner axial cavity of the hammer there is a closed cylindrical bore arranged, which with the coupled piston and stem, the end of which is fixed on the upper cover of the specified isolated cavity of the body, form a driving hydraulic cylinder, the piston cavity of which via the axial channel in the stem is continuously communicated with a drain line; at the same time the stem cavity of the hydraulic cylinder via a parallel channel in the stem and a hydraulic distributor alternately communicates with a discharge or a drainage line. The lower part of the isolated cavity of the body is made in the form of a truncated cone, the diameter of the lower smaller base of which is substantially equal to the diameter of the piston ledge of the hammer. Along the cylindrical wall of the isolated cavity of the body there are contactless sensors, on which the piston ledge of the hammer acts, causing switching of the hydraulic distributor. Application of the proposed invention will make it possible to increase efficiency of operation of an impact action device and to reduce its dimensions. |
|
Method to control hard roof under conditions of cryolithic zone Method includes development of reserves from a border of an extraction column, drilling from surface of wells into the extraction column and primary setting of the roof. Wells are drilled to the rated line of the roof arch in one row in parallel to a stoping face in the middle part of the limit span of the main roof slab. Eutectic-hard-freezing solutions are filled into wells for the height of 1.5-2 m, rated time is maintained, which is required for melting of ice in cracks of roof rocks and formation of germinal slots, afterwards the wells are filled to the surface with the same solutions, and a hydraulic rupture is carried out in a rock massif. |
|
Gas generator for directed rock destruction Device includes casing with located in it fuel element with through channels along the axis filled with oxidising agent. On the surface of fuel element end part, from the side of firing device, there is a disc with diameter exceeding casing internal diameter by 0.5-1.0 mm. Disc is made of material resistant to thermal-oxidative ageing. |
|
Pneumatic device of impact action includes a cylindrical body with a bushing and outlet channels, a working tool with a tail, a stepped piston with stem and main parts with a central channel and a bushing with a longitudinal channel-slot and a hole in a stem part of the piston, which separates the cavity of the cylindrical body into a circular distribution chamber in the bushing of the cylindrical body at the side of the stem part of the piston and an idle chamber at the side of the working element tail, a circular flange with holes of air supply into the circular distribution chamber and a through axial channel for passage of a rod with a stop valve, a fastening sleeve fixed relative to the cylindrical body, a network air chamber formed by the fastening sleeve with the air supply channel and the circular flange, a rod with a stop valve fixed in the through axial channel of the circular flange, which continuously interacts with the longitudinal channel-slot in the hole of the bushing arranged in the central channel of the stepped piston, which connects from time to time, depending on the stepped piston position, the circular distribution chamber and the idle chamber to each other. In the section of interaction of the circular stage of the bushing of the cylindrical body with the stem part of the piston there is a circular gap with a rated throughput section, and on the inner side surface of the bushing there is a throttling helical channel-slot arranged along its entire length, which continuously communicates the distribution chamber with the circular chamber. |
|
Submerged-type electric pulse drill Submerged-type electric pulse drill is intended for drilling of wells and driving of shafts in hard mine rocks destructed with high-voltage discharges developed in them, and can be used in mining industry. Drill head (6) is attached to lower flange of drill (2) housing. In drill (2) housing there coaxially installed is washing pipeline (1) that is passed through the drill cover plate (3) and high-voltage insulator (5) provided with insulation ribs (8), which are inclined towards drill head (6), which provides collection of impurities in annular sump tank (9) and their removal from the drill through discharge valve (10) by increasing the gas pressure in it, thus multiply increasing the service life of insulation elements of the drill. It is facilitated with the diameter of lower high-voltage insulator (5) exceeding its support rib (7) in comparison to inner diameter of mounting flange (11). In order to increase the drill service life and reduce the time required for its maintenance, high-voltage pulse source is made as per Arkadyev-Marx scheme, capacitors (17) of which are arranged around washing pipeline (1) and assembled to detachable capacitor sections, each of which includes one or more capacitors (17), two buses (19), two charge elements and support insulator (20). |
|
Pneumatic impact mechanism is designed for application in impact machines of different purpose. It comprises a cylindrical body with a bushing and outlet channels, a working tool with a tail, a stepped piston with stem and main parts with a central channel and a bushing with a longitudinal channel-slot and a hole in the stem part of the piston, which separates the cavity of the cylindrical body into a circular chamber at the side of the stem part of the piston, an idle chamber at the side of the working tool tail and a circular distribution chamber in the bushing of the cylindrical body at the side of the stem part of the piston, a circular flange with holes of air supply into the circular distribution chamber and a through axial hole for passage of a rod with a stop valve, a fastening sleeve fixed relative to the cylindrical body, a network air chamber formed by the sleeve with an air-supply channel and a circular flange, a rod with a stop valve fixed in the through axial channel of the circular flange, which permanently interacts with the longitudinal channel-slot in the hole of the bushing being located in the central channel of the piston, connecting periodically, depending on the stepped piston position, the distribution chamber and the idle chamber between each other. In the section of interaction of the circular step of the cylindrical body bushing with the stem part of the piston there is a circular gap with a rated throughput section, and on the stem part of the piston there is a throttling relief helical channel-slot, which permanently communicates the distribution chamber with the circular chamber. |
|
Pneumatic hammer with throttle air control valve Invention relates to percussion machine to break rocks and frozen soils. Proposed hammer comprises circuit chamber, hollow cylinder to house striker with central channel separating cylinder chamber into idle and working stroke chambers, central tube, extra tube with end closed on the side of idle stroke chamber, and working tool. Central tube extends through central channel of striker to communicate circuit chamber with idle stroke chamber. Said extra tube is arranged coaxially with annular clearance inside said central tube to communicate circuit chamber with idle stroke chamber. Cover has central trough bore for central tube to extend there through. Said cover is fitted on hollow cylinder end on the side of idle stroke chamber. Side surfaces of central tube and cover central trough bore make throttling channel to communicate circuit chamber with working stroke chamber. Hollow cylinder sidewall has radial discharge channel. Radial channel is made in central tube on the side of working stroke chamber. Distance between the most distant edges of radial discharge channel and radial channel of central tube does not exceed the length generating line of striker. |
|
Electric pulse drilling bit comprises cylindrical, coaxially arranged and separated with a high-voltage insulator outer and inner crowns made with side washing windows. The bottomhole part of the outer crown is equipped with evenly arranged radial ribs-electrodes, between every pair of which there is one outer radial rib-electrode of the inner crown installed in an equidistant manner. The value of the gap between the outer and inner crowns, in which a high-voltage bushing is installed, is more than electrode-to-electrode distance in the bottomhole part of the electric pulse drilling bit. As an option, width and height or diametre of upper washing windows of the inner crown are more than the maximum electrode-to-electrode distance. As an option, upper washing windows of the inner crown are arranged at height from its bottomhole end surface that is higher than height of largest core pieces. |
|
Well device to form directed cracks Device comprises a tubular shell with longitudinal slots, filled with a plastic substance, a sleeve screwed onto its end and having a threaded central hole, where a screw is screwed in, and an elastic shell placed onto a tubular shell. The screw is made in the form of a bushing with an outer thread, where a rod is inserted as capable of longitudinal displacement limited in its respect. In the elastic shell there are longitudinal slots made that match with longitudinal slots of the tubular shell. The bushing with the outer thread and the rod are connected to each other so that they eliminate possibility of their rotation relative to each other. |
|
Method to control process of electric pulse damage of solid bodies Method includes creation of a field of mechanical stresses in a solid body that exceed the limit of its strength from action of powerful impact waves, a source of which is a discharge channel generated between electrodes installed in the body and high-voltage pulses connected to a generator. In process of damage the amplitude of the 3rd harmonic of current is registered in the low-voltage circuit of high-voltage pulse generator supply in case of breakthrough of solid or liquid media, they are compared, and based on results of comparison of amplitudes, a decision is made on efficiency of solid body damage. |
|
Electric pulse method of rock slabs cutting Electric pulse method of slabs cutting is performed by delivery of high-voltage pulses to double-electrode device with high-voltage and grounded electrodes moved along submerged slab. Before high-voltage pulses delivery to high-voltage electrode, grounded electrode is put under lower surface of elevated slab and high-voltage electrode is installed on side surface of the slab at chosen distance from grounded electrode. Then upon delivery of high-voltage pulses to high-voltage electrode as far as slab is being destroyed above grounded electrode, electrode assembly is elevated to slab height and is lowered to initial position, and operations are repeated till required cut is obtained. |
|
Combined air-impact device includes a needle fixed in head part of the housing, working and auxiliary chambers separated with a spool valve with calibrated channel for connection of the above chambers, calibrated channel for connection of auxiliary chamber to atmosphere at the corresponding position of spool valve, stepped longitudinal channel for arrangement in the latter of differential piston and check valve, and which opens discharge ports of the working chamber periodically. Device is made in the form of combined structure containing front and rear housings with compressed air pulse escape mechanism and shank of two nipples connected to each other; at that, exhaust openings of working chamber in front housing of the device are oriented at design angle within more than 90°, but less than 180°, and in rear housing at design angle within more than 0°, but less than 90° relative to shank part from longitudinal axis of combined structure, and shank with air-distributing mechanism for compressed air supply at design pressure P1 or P2 to auxiliary chambers of the device and consisting of spring-loaded stock-piston with central and transverse channels and system of air-distributing channels supplying the compressed air to auxiliary chamber of front and rear housings with possibility of alternating supply to them of compressed air at pressure P1 or P2 at the corresponding position of stock-piston in the shank. |
|
Invention relates to mechanisms for torque transfer and may be used in perforators and/or chisel hammers. The transfer mechanism comprises a torque transfer facility comprising the first profiled section for torque transfer in interaction with the first part, the second profiled section for torque transfer in interaction with the second part and an intermediate section. The first profiled section and the second profiled section are arranged with at least partial match of profiles designed for transfer of torques. The intermediate section is arranged between the first profiled section and the second profiled section and has a radius reduced relative to the first profiled section and the second profiled section. The first profiled section has a radius of circumference of teeth tops, which is smaller than the radius of circumference of teeth tops in the second profiled section with identical radii of groove circumference. |
|
Extraction of ore using explosion and thermal fragmentation Invention refers to mining, and namely to extraction methods of mineral deposits from ore veins. Drilling of wells located at some distance is performed directly in ore vein. Wells are reamed using thermal fragmentation basically to boundary surfaces between ore vein and environment. Then, in ore vein between thermally reamed wells there drilled is pit for introduction of explosive charge. The latter is blasted in order to destruct the ore between reamed wells. After ore vein section is destructed with guided blast wave, the other well is drilled in ore vein at the specified distance from the previous place of blasting operations and thermally reamed, and the next pit is drilled between them for explosive fragmentation. The process is repeated for as many times as it is required for extraction of the necessary amount of ore from ore vein. |
|
Electric pulse well drilling method, and drilling bit Drilling is performed at optimum parameters. Specific energy generated on unit length of interelectrode gap is accepted considering specific compression strength of mine rock; movement spacing of drilling bit electrodes during the time period between two high-voltage pulses is selected considering the number of pulses, which is required for electrodes to cover the distance equal to the length of interelectrode gap, and required number of pulses is accepted considering optimum high-voltage pulse energy required for generation of energy in interelectrode gap, which is stored in source of high-voltage pulses, and number of drilling bit electrodes. High-voltage electrodes (1) of drilling bit are installed so that they can move on axis (3) that is electrically connected to high-voltage current lead (5). High-voltage current lead (5) is separated from housing (4) by means of high-voltage insulator (6). Rock-destructing elements (7) with hard-alloy cutters (8) are fixed in the end face part of housing (4). Lengths of interelectrode gaps between high-voltage electrodes (1) and earthed electrodes (2), as well as rock-destructing elements (7) earthed through housing (4) are equal. |
|
Hammer drill with plain bearing equipped with antislip clamp Proposed tool comprises compression-vacuum percussion mechanism barrel arranged in plain bearing, and sealing bush. Sealing bush is locked against slipping and twisting and coupled with plain bearing to inhibit bearing slipping. |
|
Pneumatic impact mechanism comprises a cylinder with outlet channels, a working tool with a tail, a stepped striker with a stem and a main parts with a central through channel and a bushing with a slot channel in the stem part of the striker, separating the cylinder cavity into an idle chamber at the tail side, a distribution chamber at the side of the stem part of the striker, a circular chamber of a forward stroke, a network air chamber, a circular cover installed between the network air chamber and the distribution chamber with a channel of air supply from the network air chamber into the distribution chamber, a rod rigidly fixed relative to the cover with a piston part, which is permanently installed in a central through channel of the striker, interacting with the slot channel of the bushing, connecting periodically, depending on the position of the stepped striker, the distribution chamber and the idle chamber between each other. The distribution chamber and the circular chamber of the forward stroke are permanently communicated to each other with a circular throttling channel, coaxially to the distribution chamber there is a sleeve installed, forming an additional circular chamber of an attached volume, permanently communicated with a relief channel to the circular chamber. |
|
Method for destruction of solid bodies Method includes arrangement of charges in bore pits and excitation of exothermic reaction without explosion by device initiating its inflammation. The charge is a mixture of the following components with the specified proportion, wt %: aluminium or magnesium or alloys based on them - 20.0-32.0; metal oxide or mixture of metal oxides - 64.0-75.0; phenolic-formaldehyde resin or its solutions; or butadiene-nitrile rubber or its solutions; or aqueous solutions silicates - 3.0-6.0. |
|
|
Method for development of wells and workings in rocks Method includes destruction of rocks at face by impact of power tool and jets of working agent running out under pressure, removal of drilling mud to the well head by working gaseous agent reflected from the face. Face area is influenced with working gas agent under its temperature 700-900°C, agent jet pressure on the face 3-10 kgf/cm2 during 1-2 minutes upon simultaneous appliance of acoustic vibrations from operating agent and drilling unit heads on these jets and creating the conditions for sections change-over on the face; by means of such influence 5-10 mm of rock layer are weakened breaking its thermal and mechanical inertia; cooling agent is supplied to preheated face by short-time pulse during 1-3 sec with pressure 10-70 kgf/cm2 in the form of carbonic acid or mixture of water with carbonic acid, form network of fractures or tiny fractures in this layer, upon impulse action on the face by working gas agent under pressure 50-100 kgf/cm2 and temperature 600-800°C cooling agent residuals are vapourised, destroyed rock is removed from the face, constant upstream of drilling mud to the well head is created, choosing its lifting speed within 20-60 m/sec due to control of quantity from 2 to 9 m3/sec of gas flow supplied from thermo-gas generator to the part of working heads of drilling unit; after that the activities specified are repeated in the same sequence. |
|
Pneumatic device of impact action to form wells in soil Device comprises a hollow body with a stepless striker having a central through hole separating the body cavity into working and idle chambers, a central tube interacting with the central through channel of the striker, a bushing with a permanently open inlet channel and a hose to supply compressed air from a network, a cover with a hole to let through the central tube, a prechamber of network air, a tail entering the idle chamber, the tail and the bushing are arranged with through channels to let through the central tube sealed and fixed relative to the tail and the bushing, in the central tube there is an additional tube installed coaxially with a circular gap with a radial outlet channel and with fixation along its ends relative to the central tube. In the additional tube there are slots sealed and coupled with the surface of the central tube, forming at the same time a separately longitudinal throttling channel of air inlet into the idle chamber, and an air outlet channel from working and idle chambers, besides, the longitudinal throttling channel at the side of the idle chamber and the prechamber is equipped with radial channels in the central tube. |
|
Electro-mechanical converter for impact machines Electro-mechanical converter includes asynchronous linear cylindrical engine (ALCE) of alternating current in the stator housing 1 of which there located are stator coils 2. The housing 1 is connected to the housing 11 of linear cylindrical engine (LCE) of direct current. The armatures of the said engines are united with the possibility of adjusting the acceleration of the formed common armature and its reciprocating movement within the limits coaxially the stator 2 coils in slider bearings 5 of ALCE, slider bearings 10, 71 of LCE. Common armature is equipped with stabilisation means preventing its turning about axis. LCE is performed in a form of accelerator and serves for providing a necessary speed to the common armature in the end of working stroke. |
|
Downhole device for formation of directed crevasses Device includes pipe, spacing ring with slot edged in outside circumferential direction and sealer installed on pipe end in series. End of pipe is provided with cone expansion. In the pipe there are forcer and sleeve installed connected to the pipe by threaded connection. Between forcer and sleeve a spring is located. The sleeve is provided with bar to rotate. |
|
Invention relates to percussion tools, namely, to perforators. Proposed perforator comprises case, tool holder with bit, motor arranged behind tool holder and perpendicular to its axis, percussion mechanism and coupling mechanism. Reducing shaft is arranged in parallel with output shaft between that latter and tool holder. Reducing shaft has driven gear and herring-bone gear. Driven gear get in mesh with motor shaft while herring-bone gear engages with tool holder. Coupling pin is arranged in reducing shaft to slide along its axis. Coupling mechanism allow selecting drilling and perforator modes. Driven gear and reducing shaft are disengaged by said pin. Said pin passes through reducing shaft to engage with coupling section arranged on tool holder side and to lock tool holder. In perforator mode, selection may be made between neutral position whereat coupling pin is not engaged with coupling section, and locking position whereat said pin is engaged with coupling section to lock tool holder. |
|
Invention relates to percussion tools, namely, hydraulic rock breakers. Proposed device comprises one-piece case with piston and piston rod, moving hammer, working tool and pressure conversion piston. Gas chamber is arranged between case, pressure conversion piston and hammer. Pressure conversion cylinder and compensation chamber are arranged between pressure conversion piston and piston rod. Connection channel is made between gas and compensation chambers. |
|
Method to drill wells using laser energy and device for its realisation Group of inventions relates to mining industry and may be used to drill wells in loose rocks with simultaneous reinforcement of well walls. The method includes thermal softening and melting of a rock massif with subsequent formation and strengthening of well walls with axial feed of a drill string. Thermal softening of rocks and melting of rock mass in well walls is carried out by means of impact from a high-temperature penetrator, heated by laser beams focused on inner walls and the end part of the penetrator, to the temperature that exceeds temperature of rock melting by 200-250°. The device comprises a source of thermal energy, a hoist, a load-carrying cable, a high-temperature penetrator, a shaping crystalliser, a centraliser. The source of thermal energy is a laser connected via a current collector, a centraliser and a weighting agent by means of a fibre optic cable to a laser head placed inside the pipe cavity. The upper end part of the high-temperature penetrator body is rigidly connected to the pipe via the shaping crystalliser equipped with a well expander, freely installed on the external surface of the shaping crystalliser, and the external surface of the penetrator is formed by rotation of a chain line around the vertical axis. |
|
Rig comprises several parallel drilling assemblies installed on a rotary platform 1 and equipped with a common drilling string 2, and every of which comprises the following serially connected components: a submerged charging device 3, a submerged source of high-voltage pulses 4, a high-voltage input 20 and a drilling tip representing a comb 5 with grounded electrodes 6 and a comb 7 with high-voltage electrodes 8. In the centre of the platform 1 (at the side of the bottomhole) there is a support grounded electrode 9 fixed. In order to increase efficiency of drilling, on the platform 1 there are sludge pumps 10 installed, and downstream their slot nozzles 13 at the bottom there are rock-breaking elements fixed with reinforced cutters to the platform 1, bottomhole ends of grounded electrodes 6 and high-voltage ones 8 are bent towards the side that is reverse to the direction of rotation of a drilling assembly, high-voltage electrodes 8 are equipped with insulation coatings. |
|
Device includes a striker made in the form of two-stage cylinder in coaxial bore of larger stage of which there arranged is fixed stock with a piston, which is rigidly fixed in upper blind cover of pipe and forming together with striker a hydraulic cylinder the piston cavity of which is constantly interconnected through one channel in the stock with drain line, and stock cavity of hydraulic cylinder is interconnected from time to time via another channel in the stock through a working valve to pressure line of hydraulic system or to piston cavity. Leak-proof cavity between upper edge of the striker and the above blind cover of the pipe is constantly interconnected through radial holes in side pipe wall with insulated annular cavity of the specified volume, which envelopes the pipe. On inner side surface of upper chamber of tip there formed is annular projection which is equipped on side surface with annular groove with through radial holes, which mates the side surface of medium stage on lower pipe end near extreme lower position of the tip, thus isolating lower chamber of tip from inner cavity of the latter. Reliability and efficiency of the device is improved at simultaneous reduction of the weight and sizes of hammer. |
|
In the impact device a distribution valve comprises a body with a three-staged sleeve that moves in it, the first step of which, least in diameter, is arranged at one end of the sleeve, is permanently placed in an insulated cavity, communicated with a discharge line, and the third stage, largest in diameter, arranged at the opposite end of the sleeve, is coupled with the inner side surface of the case, which near the end of the specified stage has a circular bore, communicated with the discharge line, and is equipped with a circular ledge for periodic contact with a sealing belt at the end of the third stage. The inner cavity of the sleeve that is open at the side of the third stage end by means of radial holes in the wall and the circular bore at the external side surface of the second stage periodically communicates with the circular bore inside the valve body connected to the drain line, and using holes in the wall of the first stage it continuously communicates with the cavity formed by the inner bore of the body, the external side surface of first stage and the end surface of the second stage. In the valve body there is a circular bore, which forms a control cavity together with the external surface of the third stage and the circular ledge of the second stage, and by means of a check valve and a pilot slide valve it communicates with the upper coaxial recess in the chamber of the device travel at one position, and with the drain line - at the other position of the specified slide valve. |
|
Method and device to perform blasting with small charges By means of a drilling machine arranged in a drilling assembly, first a blasthole is drilled into the material to be mined, and then the drilling tool is withdrawn from the blasthole. Then one or more propellants are delivered to the blasthole bottom via a channel of propellant supply joined with a feed beam. Then the blasthole is filled, and the propellant is exploded, as a result of which high pressure of gas is produced, which causes hydraulic rupture of material to be mined. During supply and explosion of the propellant the drilling plant is supported as directed in parallel to the blasthole. |
|
Method and device for demolitions work with low blasting charge The invention group relates to method and device for demolitions work with low blasting charge, and a drilling machine for rocks used with it. A well is drilled in the mined material using a drill from the drilling machine for rocks, then one or several shells with propelling charge are fed through the drill to the bore-hole bottom. The drilling machine contains a shell feeder which is separated from the drill, the feeder allows to feed shells to the longitudinal channel of the drill. |
|
Suspended well stem comprises flat elements and an elastic link. At the same time flat elements are made as two hingedly joined half-discs joined to each other, length of each equals 0.55-0.7 dw, and width - 0.65-0.9 dw. At one side each element is rounded, following the well circumference. A rope is fixed to the hinged joint, so that the hinged joint is arranged at the bottom. |
Another patent 2513563.