Method of fire-fighting and device for its implementation

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fire-fighting equipment, is designed for fire-fighting with automatic stationary or mobile units by fine spraying of fire-extinguishing liquid, and can be used on objects of equipment or munition demilitarisation. The device for fire-fighting consists of a cylinder with fire-extinguishing liquid, locking-trigger assembly for supplying fire-extinguishing liquid to the sprayers, fire alarms and power drive of the locking-trigger assembly. The fire-extinguishing liquid is in the cylinder under pressure of the compressed gas. The cylinder with the fire-extinguishing liquid has two flanges and is located vertically. The lower flange is attached to the cassette with liquid carbon dioxide, which has fluid communication with the cavity of the cylinder. On the other cylinder flange the intake of fire-extinguishing liquid in the form of a tube is secured. The inlet of the tube is situated near the lower flange of the cylinder. To prevent the liquid carbon dioxide enter into the intake its inlet is located in the cavity of the reflecting screen, made in the form of a cup. The cylinder and the cassette with liquid carbon dioxide are located in a thermostatic container. Displacement of the fire-extinguishing liquid is carried out under the constant pressure of carbon dioxide above the mirror of the liquid through the locking-trigger assembly mounted on the intake, into the distribution main pipe-line. At the outlet of the main pipe-line the multitiered chain of multi-nozzle heads is located with centrifugal nozzles. To start the unit in operation the locking-trigger assembly has a power drive, which is started in operation by the signals from the sensors of fire.

EFFECT: increasing fineness of spraying of the fire-extinguishing liquid, increasing its heat absorbing properties and ensuring constant flow rate of fire-extinguishing liquid in the process of fire extinguishing.

2 dwg

The invention relates to the field of fire engineering and is intended for extinguishing fires automatic stationary or mobile installations by fine-dispersed spray of liquid. The most appropriate use of the alleged invention on fire explosive objects, examples of which can be objects the disposal of ammunition, equipment and demilitarization of ammunition.

Known automated fire extinguishing carrying out the process of fire extinguishing by means of spraying extinguishing liquid above the flashpoint [1], commonly referred to sprinkler installations (from the English word "to sprinkle").

To sprinkler systems must meet stringent requirements, the water must be evenly and in sufficient quantity to act on the protected area.

According to NPB 88 - 2001 [2], GOST R 50680 - 94 [3] and GOST R 51043-97 [4] water fire-fighting system is used primarily to eliminate superficial way fires of classes a and b and is used to protect various warehouses, Department stores, premises production of combustible natural and synthetic resins, plastics, rubber products, cable channels. In water as additives can be used water-soluble polymers for the formation of the so-called viscous or slimy water, antifreeze, salt is so on

Automatic installation of fire extinguishing are classified in accordance with GOST R 50680 - 94 [3] on the constructive use of sprinkler on sprinkler and deluge. Sprinkler fire extinguishing designed for local fire in the premises of the sprayed water or low-temperature foam and deluge fire suppression system, designed to detect and extinguish a fire across protected (estimated) area, as well as to create a water curtain. The name they got from the used fill - drencher from the English word drench (watering, irrigating).

Classification, types and basic parameters of sprinklers described in GOST R 51043-97 [4].

Sprinkler and deluge water extinguishing installations have a number of disadvantages, the main of which is the low efficiency of fire. For such systems, the diameter of the drops falling on the fire hearth is about 0,4 0,2...mm This leads to the fact that only about 30% of water, respectively, is to extinguish the fire, and the rest is shed in the process of extinction is not involved. However, when reducing the size of water droplets less than 100 microns mechanism of quenching of fire varies considerably. High penetrative and cooling capacity, water mist (water mist) allows to reliably extinguish p. the heat at a much lower consumption of fire-fighting (fire-extinguishing substance. Moreover, the finely atomized water efficiently absorbs the solid particles of smoke [5].

A fine spray of water by increasing the surface cooling increases the effectiveness of extinguishing the fire. To create a fine spray of liquid, creating a "water mist" use special nozzles, in which the fluid is supplied under pressure. Typically, such units are modular, i.e. with a limited supply of water. An example of such installation may be a module with deluge head for a Russian patent for invention №2407597 [6], which can be used as a prototype.

According to the patent [6] the module consists of a housing made of profiled steel strip, in which a vertically mounted cylinder with siphon tube, separated by a liquid level in the liquid and gas volumes, and filled with extinguishing fluid under pressure compressed gas. The module includes a pressure detector, and the output from a cylinder mounted trigger-locking device pyrotechnic type, connected electrically via the control unit with smoke detectors, and hydraulically - with a sprayer connected to the siphon tube. The sprayer is made in the form of a deluge head, containing a hollow body in the form of a sphere, hosting throttling elements, while ARPUs is placed between the nozzle and the holder, fixing it so that the plane of the inlet of the housing is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the nozzle and shroud. Output throttling element is designed in the form of a cylindrical throttle holes, evenly distributed over the spherical surface of the housing, the axes of which are located on radial lines, connecting the center of the spherical surface of the shell with the center hole, while the ratio of perforation of the spherical surface of the shell lies in the optimum range value - 0.5 to 0.8.

The author of the patent believes that the use of a pressure supply of fire extinguishing fluid through the deluge head will improve the performance of the module, and the dispersion liquid of neutral gas will increase the dispersion of the droplets and, consequently, the efficiency of the fire. However, changing the standard deviation of the intensity of irrigation and time fighting twice in the direction of decreasing does not characterize the efficiency of fire, because such parameters are the average values of operating characteristics of any installation.

Has the device according to patent No. 2407507 and a number of other disadvantages. Capacity (tank) with extinguishing fluid is always under the pressure of a prisoner in her gas, for example nitrogen. The value of the desired pressure reaches importance is placed 1-3 MPa, that because of the corrosiveness of water requires constant monitoring and increasing the mass of the container with the liquid to provide the strength characteristics of the wall of the container.

Doubt and efficiency thin the fluid spray deluge heads on patent-prototype. Known more effective design fine spray of liquid, based on the use of two-phase flows, an example of which can be European patent EP 0610853 B1 or is based on an application for an invention by the same author No. 94003823/26 from 09.02.1994 [7, 8]. Such spray devices require separate submission phase flows to the zone of mixing, which greatly complicates the design of the nozzle. A simpler design of the spray heads, for example, by RF patent for the invention №2284868 [9], which corresponds to international patent WO 2006/104418 A3, according to which for the fluid spray and create a spray flows is used as the gas medium surrounding air. This spray liquid allows you to generate high-speed flat wide directional gas-droplet flows with spatial homogeneity with minimal energy losses associated with the generation of flow. However, the use of such nozzles for sprinkler systems is N. the effective - the formed droplets are large enough, and the supply to the surface of the combustion air in the composition of the water-air mixture will not contribute to a fire extinguishing process, and a flat gas-droplet flows are ineffective in extinguishing fires: the average size of the droplets in the stream [9] is approximately 200 microns.

The RF patent for the invention №2050203 [10] a device for spraying liquid allows you to get drops from 30 to 150 μm. However, this device represents mnogopolnoe nozzle, it is difficult not only in manufacturing, but also has a relatively high average medial diameter drops.

The same drawback also has a device for RF patent for the invention №2150336 [11].

Thus, there is a method of damping ignition by pressurization of the supply of fire extinguishing fluid from a container, partially pre-filled with gas under high pressure, you can't effectively use the entire bottle for a Gulf in him extinguishing fluid, and feeding the gas mixture in the spray device does not allow to obtain high-quality spray liquid, and accordingly, reduces the efficiency of the fire.

Also known module fire extinguishing MUPT-60 "Typhoon" (MOPT-60-G-GW (TU 4854-004-11776979-00)).

The module consists of a housing for the storage of fire extinguishing fluid, the Autonomous is on a compressed gas source (cylinder) with node dissection and starter with the gas-generating element.

When the fire goes electric pulse starting device, after the actuation of the gas-generating element and rupture of the membrane at the site of dissection. Working gas from the cylinder through the aerator enters the body of the module. After increasing the pressure in the housing to the working values showdown membrane in the neck of the housing and extinguishing mixture in the form of a gas mixture enters the distribution manifold and then through the nozzle to the protected area. To ensure security when the pressure in the casing above the set point module is equipped with a safety valve.

Similar to the design module "Typhoon" is the module sprayed liquid by RF patent for the invention №2112572 [12], which includes in its composition a balloon with extinguishing fluid under pressure compressed gas, with an installed siphon tube having a through side holes, and is connected through a trigger-locking device with a nozzle having an internal cylindrical cavity, in which the radial gap is set Inversor gas-liquid flow, executed in blank glasses with side holes. In addition, the cylinder module mounted vertically, and the module is equipped with a pressure detector, PR is boron pressure and detectors. Application in the design of the atomizer Inversor reduces the standard deviation of the intensity of irrigation, and the extinguishing of fire reduced to two times, and the average size of the droplets of sprayed liquid is reduced almost four times compared to known devices without Inversor gas-liquid flow.

However, the gas-liquid dispersion medium to extinguish the fire through the deluge nozzles allows you to get a fine spray extinguishing fluid, and pressure fluid flow in the deluge nozzles due to the pressure drop in the gas tank as spending fluid is not possible to obtain a constant intensity of irrigation, which will fall in the process of extinguishing the fire.

The aim of the invention is to improve the specially selected size spray extinguishing fluid, increasing its Telepopmusik properties and ensuring the constancy of the flow of extinguishing fluid in the process of quenching (quenching) of fire.

The aim is achieved in that the extinguishing of fire is the flow of extinguishing fluid through centrifugal atomizer combined in the nozzle head, and for the supply of liquid in the nozzle head is used pressure supply system, and as a working fluid used to displace carbon dioxide, which is not only the expulsion of jet liquid from a container but dissolved. The solubility of carbon dioxide in the liquid is determined by the partial pressure of carbon dioxide above the liquid, i.e. the pressure in the container with the extinguishing liquid. Therefore, when the supply of carbon dioxide in the container with extinguishing liquid, such as water, the pressure above the mirror in extinguishing fluid will be constant even in the process of quenching (quenching) of ignition, i.e., there will be constant flow of extinguishing fluid. For high quality fine spray of liquid instead of a deluge nozzles, it is advisable to use a centrifugal atomizer combined into the nozzle head by analogy with the injector heads of rocket engines. Thereby it is possible to use the nozzle head from recyclable missiles with rocket engines as a site of spray quenching fluid [13].

Volume spraying of fine liquid can be achieved by combining the injector heads in garland.

A device that implements the proposed method of extinguishing fires, is shown in Fig.1.

The device consists of a cylinder 1 within which is the extinguishing liquid 2. The cylinder has flanges 3 and 4, and the inside of the container is the intake extinguishing fluid in the pipe 5. On the output end of the nozzle 5 has a locking actuator unit 6, for example a pyrotechnic type is or electropneumatic, and the pipe 7, which directs the extinguishing fluid to the nozzles 8. Sprayers made in the form of bundles mnogostranichnyh heads oriented in space protected space in such a way as to ensure the most effective extinguishing of the fire to impact not only on the area of the fire, but to have an impact on the fire. To the flange 4 of the container 1 mounted on the cassette 9 with liquid carbon dioxide. And the cylinder 1, and the cassette 9 are located inside of the box consisting of a body 10 and cover 11. In the box is built thermostating system, not shown in Fig.1. The operation of shut-off actuator unit 6 is a power drive 12, which can be used an electromagnet or a cutter. The operation of the power actuator is performed by the control unit 13, which is commutative relationship with alarms of fire 14. To prevent debris from entering the intake 5 together with the extinguishing liquid liquid carbon dioxide, just before entering the intake 5 has a reflective screen 15.

The scheme of the cartridge with the liquid carbon dioxide is shown in Fig.2.

The cassette includes a housing 16 with a flange 17, which is fixed to the flange 4 of the container 1, and the housing 16 in the form of glass. The outside of the Cup 16 through the annular plates 19 and 22 fixed obechi is and 18, which together form a cavity A. the upper annular plate 19 made pipe 20 to fill the cavity And the liquid carbon dioxide and to release from the cavity And the gas (air) to the same relief valve 21. In the wall of the body 16 (in the shell) with holes B, the longitudinal axes of which lie in the same cavity, and for which the step angle of their location are the same. Inside the Cup 16 has a Cup 23 having a shank 24 is extracted through the bottom of the casing 16 outside the cartridge for liquid carbon dioxide. While the beaker walls 23 are perforated in the same hole as the sides of the Cup 16 and the plane of the arrangement of the longitudinal axes of these holes in the same plane as the location of the longitudinal axes of the holes and the step angle of the location of these holes is equal to a similar step for the holes of the Cup 16.

The use of fire extinguishing device mnogostranichnyh heads with centrifugal nozzles, such as disposable rockets, liquid rocket engines [13], allows us to provide not only high-quality fine spray extinguishing fluid, but also to do it at a much lower pressure in the arteries of its filing (0.3-0.4 MPa instead of 3-4 MPa). Temperature control cylinder 1 with extinguishing liquid and cartridge 9 with liquid carbon dioxide helps to ensure ostensivo pressure above the liquid surface in the tank 1 as in the process of duty status, and in the process directly extinguish the fire. Instead of cassette 9 with liquid carbon dioxide can be used with carbon dioxide fire extinguisher placed in the cavity of the cylinder 1.

The unit (module) sprayed fire extinguishing fluid is as follows:

First filling of the cassette 9 liquid carbon dioxide, which by means of a shaft 24 rotates the Cup 23 so that the walls of the glass 23 were completely blocked by the perforated holes in the cowling 16. The pipe 20 is connected to the source of liquid carbon dioxide and from its source, not shown in Fig.2, through the pipe 20 is filled with the working cavity And the cartridge with liquid carbon dioxide. To bleed gases from the working cavity of the cartridge 9 when filling them with liquid carbon dioxide as a safety valve 21. After filling the working volume of the cassette 9, the liquid carbon dioxide source of carbon dioxide is detached from the pipe 20 and the pipe 20 is suppressed. Further, the cartridge with liquid carbon dioxide flange 17 is attached to the flange 4 of the container 1 and the housing 10 of the box is closed by a cover 11.

The next stage of the training module (device) firefighting work is to fill in the container 1 through the locking actuator unit 6 extinguishing liquid 2, for example water. When filling the tank 1 extinguishing zhidkosti, gas drained through the drain valve to shut-off the starting node 6, which is not shown in Fig.1. After filling of the container 1 extinguishing fluid 2 drain valve is closed. The cylinder 1 and the cartridge 9 with liquid carbon dioxide thermostatic to the calculated temperature at which the carbon dioxide creates a gas pressure in the cylinder 1 is not more than 0.5 MPa. Further by means of the shank of the crank 24, the Cup 23 so that the holes In the Cup 23 and the holes B in the Cup 16 has coincided with each other. In this case, the liquid carbon dioxide begins to flow into the cylinder 1, being dissolved in the quenching liquid 2 and evaporating into the gas passage of the cylinder 1, raises her pressure until the calculated value of 0.5 MPa. After performing these operations, the module is ready to be armed (the work) of the object from the fire. In the process alert module for the protection of the premises against fire in the cavity of the container 1 is maintained constant, the estimated temperature of the fluid 2 through the application of the box.

When there is a fire in the protected area detectors 14 sends a signal to the control unit 13, which, in turn, produce an electrical pulse at the opening of the shut-off actuator unit 6, for example, to undermine the actuator or actuation of the electromagnetic valve. Under the pressure of the compressed gas in the cylinder 1 extinguishing liquid(water) 2 with dissolved carbon dioxide through the intake 5, locking the actuator unit 6 and the pipe 7 enters the stacked garland with the nozzle heads 8.

When you exit nozzle nozzle nozzle heads 8 because of a sharp decrease in the pressure of the extinguishing fluid due to dissolved carbon dioxide boils and drops even more crushed. Moreover, when the lash and the allocation of drops extinguishing liquid carbon dioxide will occur and additional cooling extinguishing fluid, which will further contribute to the effectiveness of fire suppression. Optimal placement of injector heads on the volume of the protected space and high quality dispersion drops extinguishing fluid can improve the dispersion liquid on the fire, therefore, increased irrigation efficiency, and the efficiency of the heat sink by volume of the flame. Moving garlands injector heads on the volume of the protected space can effectively suppress the fire.

In the process of extinguishing extinguishing liquid is expelled from the cylinder 1, this increases the amount of gas cavity in the cylinder 1 and the pressure drops. In connection with the pressure drop in the gas cavity liquid carbon dioxide has the capability to dissolve in extinguishing fluid and due to the evaporation of carbon dioxide to increase the pressure above the surface of the quenching liquid in b is lane 1 to the calculated values, equal to 0.5 MPa.

References

1. Coburg S. C. Install fire: a Handbook. - 2nd ed., extra - Meters: Machinery, 2002. - 400 C.

2. NPB 88 - 2001. Fire extinguishing and alarm systems. Standards and design rules.

3. GOST R 50680-94 Installation of fire extinguishing automatic. General technical requirements. Testing methods.

4. GOST R 5104300-097 installation of water and foam fire fighting automatic. Sprinklers springerle and deluge. General technical requirements. Testing methods.

5. Abrosimov, Y., Hydraulics and fire water: a Textbook / Yu, Abrosimov, A. I. Ivanov, A. A. Kachalov and other // - M.: Academy of state fire service of EMERCOM of Russia, 2003. - 392 S.

6. RF patent for the invention №2407597/ Module with deluge heads // Kochetov O. C./ IPC V B1/14, A62C 31/02. Publ. 27.12.2010.

7. European patent specification NEP 0610853 B1/Tavor, Elhanan/Anf.Cl⁶: B05B 7/10, B05B 17/04. Date of filing: 07.02.1994.

8. Application for invention No. 94003823/26 from 09.02.1994/ Atomizer// Elkonin Tavor/ Publ 20.06.1996.

9. RF patent for the invention №2284868 / Spray fluid // Dushkin, A. L., Karpychev A. C. / IPC-6. B05B 1/14. Publ. 10.10.2006.

10. RF patent for the invention №2050203 / Device for spraying liquids / Guilhou E. A. and others // MKI-6 B05B 1/M Publ. 20.12.1995.

11. RF patent for the invention №2150336 / Fine spray of liquid / Dushkin, A. L., Ryazantsev I. N. // MKI-6 B05B 1/14 Publ. 10.06.2000

12. RF patent for the invention №2112572. IPC A62C 5/00. The module sprayed liquid / A. L. Dushkin, Donotcopy C. I., N. N. Ryazantsev, V. D. Smirnov. - Publ. 10.06.1998.

13. Kuznetsov N. P. Disposal of rockets with rocket engines (for example, missiles C). /N.P. Kuznetsov, M., Cargoscan, V. A. Nikolaev, C. A. - Moscow-Izhevsk: center "Regular and chaotic dynamics, 2004. - 288 S.

The module consisting of a cylinder with extinguishing fluid under pressure compressed gas shut-off actuator unit for supplying extinguishing liquid in the nozzles, fire alarms and power drive locking of the actuator unit, characterized in that the container with the fire extinguishing fluid has two flange and is positioned vertically, and the lower flange attached to the cartridge with liquid carbon dioxide which is hydraulically connected with the cavity of the container, and the other flange of the fixed cylinder intake extinguishing liquid in the form of a tube, the inlet of which is located near the bottom flange of the container and to prevent the ingress of liquid carbon dioxide in the intake it the inlet is located in the cavity reflective screen, made in the form of glass, and the container and the cartridge with liquid carbon dioxide are placed in a temperature-controlled container, and the displacement of the extinguishing fluid is under a constant pressure of carbon dioxide above the mirror is hidcote through shut-off actuator unit, mounted on the intake, transfer line, the output of which is stacked garland mnogostranichnyh heads with centrifugal nozzles, and to run the module in a working shut-off actuator unit has an actuator, which is run by the signals from the detectors.