Control device for flyback converter

IPC classes for russian patent Control device for flyback converter (RU 2519246):

H02M7/48 - using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

H02M7/00 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output

Another patents in same IPC classes:

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Twelve-phase step-up autotransformer phase changer / 2510568

/ 2269862

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device contains a transformer for the insulated voltage flyback converter, a diode, a secondary circuit with load and a switching element, at that one output of the switching element is connected to anode of the first diode while its cathode is connected to the summator input and to one input of the primary transformer winding, by the other input this winding is connected to the power supply bus; the second output of the switching element is coupled to the common bus at the side of the transformer primary winding; the third output of the switching element is coupled to the control device output; secondary winding though the secondary circuit is connected to the load; the summator is connected to the power supply bus by its one input and to the output of the controlled signal source by its other input, while its output is connected to the input of a measuring instrument; the measuring instrument has two input coupled to the tripping pulse generator; he tripping pulse generator is connected to the control device input.

EFFECT: universality of device, potential use of any voltage flyback converter with control device during operation with insignificant capacity of the load or operation with high-intensive loads leading to significant excess of output current without use of specialised control devices.

3 cl, 5 dwg

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and more specifically to devices to control the state of output isolated flyback voltage converters (OHP)connected to the load with a large capacitive resistance.

Currently one of the most common schemes, which are based network and DC-DC voltage converters is a flyback voltage Converter (OHP). A relatively small number of components, flexibility in a wide range of input voltages and output currents, the ability to easily increase the number of output channels make this topology attractive for execution.

In industrial power supplies control the flyback voltage Converter, as a rule, is carried out on the basis of pulse-width modulation (PWM),

To control the voltage converters are specialized chips, PWM controllers, which typically includes a clock generator frequency, voltage reference, error amplifier, a comparator with an RS-latch and an output driver.

When choosing to use a controller, special attention should be paid to the logic of the state machine, especially on the logic process emergency situations. The transition into emergency mode upon detection of a critical situation which can include forced current limit, and full lock inverter operation. When the lock stops sets the PWM generator and prohibits applying the active signal to the power transistor. Depending on the type or modifications of the circuits there are two possible scenarios for the lock.

In the first case, after actuation of the Converter lock "snaps" in this state and does not change it, even if the condition that caused this state, is now gone. The restoration of the inverter operation is possible only after turning off power.

In the second case are implemented attempts AutoRecover normal operation of the Converter. To do this, in the structure of the controller starts a timer for a certain time. After this time expires, the controller again checks for the presence of critical situations, and if they persist, the lock remains.

A well-known system and method of controlling the voltage Converter (Control system for a voltage converter and method", US patent 7738265, H02M 3/335, priority dated 28.08.2006,).

In this device, the control circuit ensures that when the charge output capacitive loads through analysis of the output voltage, the voltage on the primary winding of the transformer 11. The voltage is measured at each step. The output signal from the comparator 61 reduces the duration of the control pulse ST that p is igodit to limit the output power in the initial charge capacity. The output signal from the comparator 71 turns off the control pulse ST at the beginning of each beat upon detection of a short circuit on the output. Thus, due to the controlling effect of the Comparators 61 and 71 requires a specialized PWM controller corresponding to a similar control scheme.

It is known device, US patent 5841643 "Method and apparatus for isolated flyback regulator control and load compensation" with priority from 01.10.1997, H02M 3/24, H02M 3/335.

This device monitors the status of the output flyback Converter according to the analysis of voltage on the primary winding. Voltage is measured in each step, due to this or PWM control signals of the power transistor, or shutting it down when exceeding the output current or the output voltage reduction and requires a specialized PWM controller corresponding to a similar control scheme.

A device to charge the output capacitance, the patent US 7787262 "Capacitor charging methods and apparatus with priority from 19.12.2006,, H02M 3/335 to charge photoflash.

In this device the control status output flyback Converter is based on the results of the analysis of the voltage on the primary winding where the voltage is measured at each cycle and at lower values below a certain threshold begin to form additional PWM pulses UE is alausa signals of the power transistor for providing charge the output capacitor, which leads to an increase in the frequency conversion and requires a specialized PWM controller corresponding to a similar control scheme.

Known devices and methods of charging capacity ("Capacitor charging methods and apparatus", US patent 7646616, H02M 3/335, priority dated 09 may 2005) to charge photoflash.

The methods and devices that allow to analyze the load in each step of the PWM conversion and decreasing values less than a certain threshold begin to form additional pulses of the PWM control signals of the power transistor for providing charge the output capacitor, which leads to an increase in the frequency conversion and requires a specialized PWM controller corresponding to a similar control scheme.

Common disadvantages of all the above devices are:

Converter mode output short circuit can be unlimited time and inefficient use of electricity;

for inverter operation at greater output capacity requires a specialized PWM controller corresponding to the above-mentioned control circuits;

- not analyzed open circuit voltage feedback.

Such solutions cannot be applied to previously developed circuits.

The purpose of this invention is the provision of protection General OHP with the IM controller when working on a significant amount of capacitance in the load or work on power-consuming load (DC motor), resulting in considerable excess of the output current or output voltage

Using information about the output voltage obtained on the side of the primary winding of the transformer to protect OHP:

an output short circuit mode;

when increasing the output voltage is greater than the specified maximum.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the control device OHP (figure 1), including: the source of the monitored signal 1, comprising: a transformer isolated OHP 13, the diode 11, the load in the secondary circuit 15 and a key element 14, and one output key element 14 is connected to the anode of the first diode 11, the cathode of which is connected to the input of the adder 21, and one output of the primary winding of the transformer 13, which is the other output is connected to the power bus Vin; a second output key element 14 is connected to a common bus on the primary side winding of the transformer 13; the third conclusion key element 14 is connected to the output control device 12; a secondary winding of the transformer 13 is connected through the secondary circuit with the load 15; the adder 21 signals of the input voltage Vin and the voltage across the primary winding of the output transformer Vsn; the probe 22 connected to the output of the adder 21, and the generator of the switching-off pulse 23, having two entrances to the meter 22 the signals ON1 and ON2 and the output signal ON/OFF, connected to the input of the control device 12.

To describe the operation of the device using a standard scheme OHP with the control scheme (figure 2).

In a preferred embodiment, the sample circuit OHP includes a controlled source signal 1, comprising: isolating transformer 13, a key element 14, is included as an output to the primary winding of the transformer 13, and the other output to the shared bus, the control device 12, United by the output from the third output key element 14, and the input output control device 2, one diode 11 connected to the anode common connection point of the transformer 13 and one output key element 14, and a cathode with a single input control circuit 2, the secondary winding of transformer 13 is connected to the anode of the second diode 17, the cathode of which is connected to one lead of the capacitor 16, the other output of which is connected to a shared bus, and one output load 15, which represents, for example, a DC motor or a capacitor of a large capacitance, the other output of which is connected to a common bus.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control device 2 includes: an adder 21, which includes: a first resistor 24, to one output of which is connected to one output of the second resistor 25 connected the other lead to the positive bus input voltage Vin; the one you are the od of the first capacitor 26, connected the other lead to the positive bus input voltage Vin; the anode of the first diode 27, the cathode of which is connected to one output of the second capacitor 28 connected to the second output with the positive bus input voltage Vin; one lead of the resistor 34, a second output connected to the emitter of the transistor 33; the anode of the second diode 32, the cathode of which is connected to the anode of the diode 31, the cathode of which is connected to one terminal of the resistor 30, to the second output of which is connected: one of the resistor 29, the second terminal of which is connected to the positive bus input voltage Vin; the base of the transistor 33, the collector of which is connected to the input circuit of the meter 22; meter 22, including: a voltage divider, made of three series-connected resistors 35, 36, 37 located between the output of the adder 21 and the common bus voltage Converter on the side of the primary winding of the transformer 13; one voltage comparator 38, with direct input is connected to the common point of the first 35 and second 36 resistors, an inverse input connected to the reference-voltage source 40, and the output is connected to one input of generator tripping pulse 23; another voltage comparator 39, and its inverted input is connected to the common point of the second 36 and third 37 resistors, a direct input connected to the reference-voltage source 40, and you are the od is connected to another input of the generator of the switching-off pulse 23; connected the output to the input of the control unit 12.

Although this circuit implementation of the adder is known from the prior art, and it is also known the use of a positive voltage level as "zero" tires, the combination of all these characteristics for the current level of technology is unknown and allows you to:

- to process signals of large magnitude without distortion;

to increase the operating speed of the device control OHP;

to opt into the scheme of allocation of the measured signal from the nonlinear elements such as Comparators, which slow down the process of signal processing, require an additional power source and take a seat on the Board.

The control device OHP, a key element in the form of a field-effect transistor, in a preferred embodiment of the invention operates as follows.

During the reverse OHP on the drain of transistor 14 is formed by the controlled voltage

Vin is the input voltage of the inverter;

Vout is the output voltage of the Converter (voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer);

Nps transformation ratio of the transformer 13.

The magnitude of this voltage is relative to the shared bus side of the primary winding of the transformer 13 OHP.

Voltage Vsn with flow t is ansestor 14 to the input of the adder 21, where it integration, detection and transformation of the current measurement signal Vs.

The input resistor divider (24, 25) is formed by a voltage

This voltage is scaled differential voltage Vs, is directly proportional to the voltage differential

where k is the division ratio of the resistors 24, 25.

As Vin is used as the bus reference voltage, then the divisor is scaled signal that is proportional to Vout / Nps

To reduce errors due to release at the time of closing of the transistor uses an integrating circuit (resistor 24, capacitor 26). Smoothed thus a differential voltage Vs is supplied to a peak detector (diode 27, a capacitor 28), output voltage which is supplied to the generator current (diodes 31, 32, resistors 29, 30, 34, the transistor 33). Further, the current measurement signal Vs is fed to the input circuit of the meter 22.

Diagram of the meter 22 is made in the form of a ternary comparator without feedback and includes: forming a voltage Vs proportional to the output voltage OHP the voltage divider (resistors 35, 36, 37), which removed two voltage comparison Vmin and Vmax; two binary comparator 38, 39, having a common reference level Vref c generator 40.

If the input signal Vs is set, the Le is ASEE in a predetermined voltage range between the maximum and minimum possible values of the voltage Vs_max and Vs_min (Vs_max≥Vs≥Vs_min), then OHP operates in normal mode and management of its work is carried out by any known method. The pulse shape of the voltage at the drain of transistor 14 has the following form (figure 3). In this case, the observed condition Vmin>Vref>Vmax and the outputs of the Comparators 38 and 39 there is no enable signal generator tripping pulse 23. In this case, the output of generator 23, the signal ON authorizing the operation control unit 12.

If the value of Vs is less than the minimum voltage value Vs_min (Vs<Vs_min), the Converter operates in emergency mode short circuit. The shape of the pulse voltage on the drain of transistor 14 is of the following form (figure 4). In this case, the input signal Vmin on reinversion the input of the comparator 38 becomes less than Vref (Vmin<Vref) and the output of the comparator 38, a signal will appear ON1. This signal will trigger generator 23, which through a pre-defined period of time t1 required for charging the capacitive load, produces a signal OFF that prohibit the operation of the control unit 12 and the inverter will be disabled for a predefined interval of time t2 required for recovery OHP. At the end of the time interval t2, the generator 23 returns the enable signal to the operation control unit 12 - ON, includes Converter and again evaluates the voltage Vmin. If the condition Vmin<Vref still observed(i.e. Vs<Vs_min), the sequence diagram is repeated until the disappearance of the short circuit, i.e. up until will not comply with the condition normal operation of the Converter.

If the value Vs more than a predetermined maximum allowable value of the output voltage, the Converter occurs emergency mode voltage, which may be caused, as a rule, the breakage of the feedback voltage. In this case, the pulse shape of the voltage at the drain of transistor 14 is as follows (figure 5). When Vout becomes greater than a predefined upper threshold value of the output voltage. In this case, the input signal Vmax applied to an inverse input of the comparator 39 will be more Vref (Vref<Vmax). In this case, the comparator 39 will signal ON2 to run the generator off pulse 23, which produces a signal inhibit control device 12 is OFF, and will turn off the inverter immediately upon receipt of this signal, without delay, at time t1. Through pre-calculated time t2 again estimated voltage Vmax. If the condition Vmax more Vref observed (Vref<Vmax), the sequence diagram is repeated until the extinction voltage, i.e. up until will not comply with the condition normal operation of the Converter.

One of the advantages of this invention are the two which is its versatility, i.e. it can be used in any OHP with the control device (for example, in the form of a PWM controller) in his work on the significant values of capacitance in the load or power-consuming load (DC motor), resulting in a considerable excess output current without the use of specialized control devices.

1. The control device flyback voltage Converter, comprising: a controlled source signal, comprising a transformer isolated flyback voltage Converter, the secondary circuit with the load and a key element and one output key element is connected to the anode of the first diode, the cathode of which is connected to the input of the adder, and one output of the primary winding of the transformer, which is another output connected to the power bus; a second output key element is connected to a common bus on the primary side winding of the transformer; a third output key element is connected to the output of the control device; the secondary winding is connected through the secondary circuit to the load; an adder connected to one input with the power bus, the other with the output of the controlled source signal, and the output to the input of the meter; the meter having two outputs connected to the generator off signal; a generator tripping pulse from the United to the input of the control device.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the allocation of the measured signal includes: a first diode connected between the anode of the first output of the first transistor and the other output of the primary winding of the transformer, and its cathode connected to one output of the first resistor, to the other lead of which is connected to one output of the second resistor, the other lead to the positive bus input voltage; one output of the first capacitor, connected the other lead to the positive bus input voltage, the anode of the second diode, the cathode of which is connected to one output of the second capacitor connected to the second output with the positive bus input voltage, single output a third resistor, to the other lead of which is connected to the first output of the second transistor; the anode of the third diode, the cathode of which is connected to the anode of the fourth diode, the cathode of which is connected to one output of the fourth resistor, the other output of which is connected: to the first output of the fifth resistor, a second output connected to the positive bus input voltage; the second (Manager) terminal of the second transistor, the third output of which is connected to the input of the control circuit and control.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control circuit and control includes: a detector controlled signal comprising: dividing the ü voltage, made from the sixth, seventh and eighth resistors connected in series between the output of the shaper measuring signal and a common bus, a flyback voltage Converter on the side of the primary winding of the transformer; a circuit for determining the minimum value of the measuring signal, is made in the form of the first voltage comparator, and its neinteresny input is connected to the common point between the sixth and seventh resistors, an inverse input connected to the reference voltage, and an output connected to one input of the generator control signal; a scheme of determining the maximum value of the measuring signal, is made in the form of the second voltage comparator, and its inverted input is connected to the common point of the seventh and eighth resistors direct input is connected to the source of reference voltage, and an output connected to another input of the oscillator control signal.