Method of conducting electrolysis and apparatus for realising said method

IPC classes for russian patent Method of conducting electrolysis and apparatus for realising said method (RU 2475569):

C25B1 - ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR

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FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method of conducting electrolysis employs at least two groups of electrodes which are electrically connected to a power supply, each having at least one pair of oppositely charged electrodes, wherein during electrolysis, an electrical circuit is switched, which enables alternate connection of groups of electrodes to the power supply, wherein during operation of the first group of electrodes, the second group and other groups are disconnected, after which the second group is connected to the power supply and the first and other groups are disconnected. The periodicity of alternate connection of groups of electrodes to the power supply is equal to 0.05-1.0 s. Also disclosed is an apparatus for conducting electrolysis, having an electrolysis cell and switching means, which enables alternate connection of the same groups of electrodes to the power supply while simultaneously disconnecting others.

EFFECT: high efficiency of using electric power owing to low heat loss caused by time lag of a specific electrochemical process.

2 cl, 2 dwg

The invention relates to electrochemistry, and in particular to methods and devices for carrying out electrolysis.

When carrying out electrolytic processes in an industrial environment with the aim of obtaining a large number of target products use several connected to a power source groups oppositely charged electrodes, connected in serial electrical circuit placed in one or several interconnected electrolytic cells.

So, there is a method of conducting electrolysis with the aim of obtaining sodium hypochlorite and device for its implementation, described in [RU 2349682].

In this way the electrolysis is carried out with the use of several groups of oppositely charged electrodes. Each group of electrodes connected with a source of power, while in the process of electrolysis of the group of electrodes include a serial electrical circuit.

The device for implementing this method comprises interconnected flow-through electrolytic cells, each of which houses one of the groups of electrodes. While the electrodes of all of the groups are connected with a power source and turned on in a sequential circuit.

As for the implementation of this method with the use of the device in question uses multiple groups of electrodes, increased the are stated cost of electricity. This requires a high voltage power supply, because the groups of electrodes included in a serial electrical circuit.

There is a method of conducting electrolysis and device for its implementation [EN 2133785], is selected as the nearest analogues of the proposed method and device.

In this method, the electrolysis is conducted using two groups of oppositely charged electrodes. Each group of electrodes is connected to the power source. In the process of electrolysis are connecting to a power source first group of electrodes, and shortly after the start of electrolysis is connected to a power source, a second group of electrodes, so that the electrolysis process is carried out with use of two series-connected groups of electrodes.

The device for implementing this method includes a cell in which two groups of electrodes, each of which contains at least one pair of oppositely charged electrodes. The device also includes a power source electrically coupled with each of the groups of electrodes, and means for switching, connecting first one and then both groups of electrodes to a power source.

Consider the method and the device allow to increase the efficiency of COI is whether energy by reducing heat loss.

However, during electrolysis under way a number of groups of electrodes, simultaneously connected to the power source increases, resulting in increase of power consumption.

The objective of the proposed method and device is to reduce energy consumption.

In respect of the proposed method the invention consists in that in the method of conducting electrolysis using at least two groups of electrodes, electrically connected to the power source, each of which contains at least one pair of oppositely charged electrodes in the electrolysis process carry out switching of the electrical circuit, connecting groups of electrodes to a power source, according to the invention are switching, providing alternate connection to a power source and disconnecting part of the groups of electrodes.

In respect of the claimed device, the invention consists in that the device for carrying out electrolysis, comprising at least one cell, at least two groups of electrodes, each of which contains at least one pair of oppositely charged electrodes, a power source, electrically connected to each of the groups of electrodes, and means for switching, providing under the connectivity of the groups of electrodes to a power source, according to the invention the switching means is made to provide alternate connection to a power source and disconnected from the rest of the groups of electrodes.

Fundamentally important to the inventive methods and devices is that during electrolysis is one of the groups of electrodes connected to the power source and the other of the groups of electrodes at this time is disconnected from the power source, the connecting and disconnecting part of the groups of electrodes occur alternately.

Since the electrochemical processes occurring in the interelectrode space, quite slow, connect the power supply and disconnecting the electrodes does not result in termination of electrochemical reactions in the interelectrode space. This allows to carry out the electrolysis process at lower supply voltages and with less power, because during electrolysis one or the other of the groups of electrodes are disconnected from the power source.

As shown by experimental studies, when using the above-described receiving a serial connection to a power source and disconnected from the rest of the groups of electrodes does not reduce the yield of the target product of the electrolysis process in relation to the output achieved in the case of the electrolysis process when p is constant connection to the power source of all groups of electrodes.

The frequency of connection to the power source and disconnected from the rest of the groups of electrodes depends on the inertia of the particular electrochemical process.

A feature of the inventive device is that it provides a means of switching performed by providing alternate connection to a power source and disconnected from the rest of the groups of electrodes. This allows the above-described reception alternate connection to a power source and disconnected from the rest of the groups of electrodes.

Thus, the technical result of the claimed method and the claimed device is to reduce energy consumption.

Figure 1 shows the dependence of the concentration of chlorine in the sodium hypochlorite solution from the amount of time spent on carrying out electrolysis of energy for the proposed method curve 1, and the method selected for comparison, curve 2.

The method is as follows.

Carry out the electrolysis process using at least two groups of electrodes, electrically connected to the power source. In this case a group of electrodes can be placed in the same cell or in different cells. Each group of electrodes includes one or more pairs of oppositely charged electrodes. During electrolysis is connected to the source of feed the first group (or the first part of the groups of electrodes, and the second group (or the second part of the groups of electrodes) at this time disconnected from the power source. Then Vice versa is connected to a power source, a second group (or the second part of the groups of electrodes, and the first group (or the first part of groups) is disconnected from the power source.

As shown, for most of electrolysis processes is sufficient to connect the power source and disconnecting any group (part of the group of electrodes) was carried out with a periodicity of from 0.05 to 1.0 sec.

An example of the method.

Carried out the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a concentration of 100 g/l with the aim of obtaining sodium hypochlorite. The volume of the original salt solution was 1.5 L.

Used the first, second and third groups of electrodes placed in the cell box type. Each group contained three anode and two cathodes, which formed 4 pairs of oppositely charged electrodes.

As the power source electrodes used constant current source providing current to 5 A.

During electrolysis to power supply serially connected first, then the second, then the third group of electrodes with a frequency of 0.1 sec.

The process is conducted at a voltage of 10-12 B and amperage 5 A.

During electrolysis through some periods of time predelli amount spent on electrolysis energy and the concentration of chlorine in the hypochlorite solution at controlled times.

The results are presented in figure 1, where the axis A deferred concentration of chlorine in the sodium hypochlorite solution, g/l, and the B-axis is the amount spent on conducting electrolysis electricity, W·min (see curve 1).

For comparison, electrolysis was carried out as described above, but with the constant connection of the first, second and third groups of electrodes to a power source.

The process of electrolysis was carried out at a voltage of 22-25 B and amperage 5 A.

During electrolysis through some intervals determined the amount spent on electrolysis energy and the concentration of chlorine in the sodium hypochlorite solution at controlled times. The results are presented in figure 1 (see curve 2).

As shown by the results of the comparison, to obtain the same concentration of chlorine in the sodium hypochlorite solution requires much less energy. So, for example, to achieve a concentration of chlorine in the sodium hypochlorite solution of 2.0 g/l (see figure 1, curves 1 and 2) when carrying out electrolysis by the present method takes an amount of energy approximately 1.7 less than electrolysis according to the method selected for comparison.

The device (figure 2) contains several, in particular the first 1, second 2 and third 3 groups of electrodes, each of which includes at least one, in particular, four pairs of oppositely charged electrodes 4 (in the drawing the position indicated two electrodes in the first group). The first 1, second 2 and third 3 groups of electrodes 4 are placed in the electrolytic cell 5. The device also includes a power source 6 and the tool 7 switching, which is in turn connected to the power source 6 and disconnecting the first 1, second 2 and third 3 groups of electrodes 4. As the switching means 7 can be, in particular, used the electronic key with the frequency of switching, which determines the frequency of connection groups 1, 2 and 3, electrodes 4 to the power source 6 and disable them from him.

The device operates as follows.

Download into the cell 5 of the original electrolyte. Carry out the electrolysis at alternate source connection 6 power supply and disconnecting the first 1, 2, and 3 groups of electrodes 4 by using the switching means 7. Thus, in particular, connect the first 1 group of electrodes 4 to the power source 6, while disconnected from the second 2 and third 3 groups of electrodes 4. Then disable the first 1 group of electrodes 4 from the power source 6 and connects 2 second group of electrodes 4. Next is disconnected from a power source 6 2 second group of electrodes 4 and connects the third group of electrodes 3 and 4. The described process is repeated at a predetermined interval.

1. The method of conducting electrolysis using two groups of electrodes, electrically connected with the United power, each of which contains at least one pair of oppositely charged electrodes in the electrolysis process carry out switching of the electrical circuit, connecting groups of electrodes to a power source, characterized in that perform switching, providing alternate connection to a power source and disconnecting part of the groups of electrodes in such a way that connect to power supply the first group of electrodes and the second group (and others) at this time disconnected from power source, then connect to a power source, a second group of electrodes, and the first group (and others) is disconnected from the power source and so on.

2. The device for carrying out electrolysis, comprising at least one cell, at least two groups of electrodes, each of which contains at least one pair of oppositely charged electrodes, a power source, electrically connected to each of the groups of electrodes, and means for switching, connecting groups of electrodes to a power source, characterized in that the switching means is made to provide alternate connection to a power source and disconnected from the rest of the groups of electrodes in such a way that connect to power supply the first group of electrodes and a second group, etc.) at this time, shut off from the power source, then connect to a power source, a second group of electrodes, and the first group (and others) is disconnected from a power source and so on.