Generator for conversion of electromagnetic radiation into power and method of conversion with its application

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: generator comprises at least two elements connected in a contact-diffusion manner, made of metals with different energy of electrons output, and closed with a circuit of external load. The method to convert energy consists in the fact that generator elements connected in a contact-diffusion manner, made of metals with different output energy of electrons and closed by external load circuit, are exposed to electromagnet radiation.

EFFECT: expanded range of exposure radiation spectrum and temperature range of functioning, cheaper technology due to usage of less expensive materials.

4 cl, 4 dwg

The invention relates to generators direct conversion of electromagnetic radiation into electrical energy and can be used as a source of EMF in Autonomous systems with a long service life, for example, in the indicator devices.

Known vacuum photodiode that converts light energy into EMF, where he is in chains load acts as a generator of direct conversion (Vasilkov and other Reference detectors of optical radiation. - Kyiv: Tekhnika, 1985, P.72). These generators are very low efficiency. This is because to generate the current required special preparation of the cathode (requires heating). The complexity and design of the cathode - typically, this tungsten filament having alkaline earth screen. Also required vacuum pumping gas between the cathode and the anode, in addition, require temperature stabilization of the cathode (at low temperature energy photons will be less than the output energy of electrons from the cathode, and at high temperature will evaporate/atoms of the cathode that will block the process of converting photon energy into EMF. Of the parameters limiting the wide application of these generators is very little so-called saturation current, the increase of which there is a potential difference between the anode and cathode, blokiruyu what about the photocurrent.

The closest generator direct conversion of light energy radiation EMU is a solar cell (Vasilkov and other Reference detectors of optical radiation. - Kyiv: Tekhnika, 1985, P.6, 150-151). The basis of the generator are contact-diffuse United, at least two elements, one of which is a semiconductor with p-type conductivity, for example, silicon and other electronic conductivity - this may be a semiconductor and a metal. The energy conversion is carried out when exposed to the photocell narrow spectrum of radiation (e.g., green for silicon), in a narrow temperature range (Grosenbach. The reference design of solar panels. Energoatomizdat, 1983, p.95). The main role in the process of converting light energy plays an n-p junction. In the absence of light, the total current is zero. When covering the semiconductor photons give of your energy of the valence electrons, raising the level of their energy to the extent necessary for the transition into the conduction band. The result is the difference of the concentration of charge carriers in semiconductors such as n-p increases the movement of charge carriers at the electrodes of the cell there is a "photo-EMF". Under the influence of the voltage in the load, are included in a closed external circuit of the cell, passes current, p is portionally light intensity.

These generators have a number of disadvantages: narrow spectral band of light impinging flow, a relatively small temperature range of operation, the need for high purity semiconductor element that increases the cost of the product.

The technical result of the invention is the extension of the range of the acting spectrum irradiation and temperature range of operation, and cheaper technology through the use of less expensive materials.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the generator has United the contact and diffuse at least two elements made of metals with different output energy of electrons and closed circuit external load.

The technical result is also achieved by a method of energy conversion, which consists in the fact that the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the United contact and diffuse elements of the generator are made of metals with different output energy of electrons and closed circuit external load.

As electromagnetic radiation can be used the energy of the visible spectrum, infrared, ultraviolet, microwave, x-ray, α, β or γ radiation.

As elements of the generator can be used a pair of aluminum-copper, copper-zinc other

The transformation of the energy is carried by different work function of electrons from the surface of the different conductors with sufficient energy to overcome the contact potential difference. The process of electron output is not affected by temperature and radiation.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a segment of the generator, where 1 - element generator, 2 - surface connection elements, 3 - circuit external load.

The device operates as follows. The required number of segments of the generator to achieve a desired voltage and current connected to the circuit (external load them parallel and serial connection. Irradiated segments of elements of the generator source of electromagnetic radiation (for example, a halogen lamp to produce visible spectrum, the microwave generator to obtain the range microwave etc). The emergence of EMF registers the external load circuit.

Examples of embodiment of the invention.

Example

Experimental facilities include:

1) Photovoltaic generator, consisting of a obtained by the method of explosive welding of plates of aluminum Al dimensions 100×3×2 mm and plates, copper Cu dimensions 100×3×1 mm, Number of segments (bimetallic elements) 30, the contact area of contact of one element 300 mm².

2) Measuring instruments: microamp the meter F, No. 1627, 1988; lightmeter U, No. 7765, 1991; thermometer TTI-M, No. 05377, 2005; a source of monochromatic light halogen lamp Navigator NH-J78, 2010; multimeter Digital Multimeter DT838, No. 806140349, 2009

The result of the experiment conducted at an ambient temperature of +26°C, the obtained dependence of the current flow through the load from the intensity of illumination. Figure 2-4 shows the dependency diagram, respectively, of current, voltage and resistance of the current flowing through the load from the light generator.

As follows from the above chart, when the potential difference derived from the contact of the aluminum and copper -1,74 eV (Raiden etc. Handbook of inorganic chemistry. - M.: Chemistry, 1987, s-127), there is the electromotive force varying in proportion to the light.

Similar results were obtained at a temperature of +5°C - 10°C. Similar results were obtained by irradiation with UV, solar, infrared light and in the decimeter range.

Similar results were obtained with the use of elements, consisting of plates of copper Cu, zinc Zn (when the potential difference of 1.66 eV), plates of copper, Cu and Pb (potential difference at 0.31 eV).

1. Generator converting electromagnetic radiation into electrical energy, characterized in that it includes contact United-diffuse at least the two elements, made from metals with different output energy of electrons and closed circuit external load.

2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that as elements of the generator using a pair of aluminum-copper or copper-zinc.

3. The method of converting electromagnetic radiation into electrical energy, which consists in the fact that the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the United contact and diffuse elements of the generator, made of conductors with different output energy of electrons and closed circuit external load.

4. The method according to claim 3, namely, that affect the radiation energy or the visible spectrum, or infrared, or ultraviolet or microwave range, or x-rays or α, or β, or γ radiation.