Electric machine with fractional tooth winding

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: proposed electric machine (10) includes at least eight excitation poles (P) located in stator (11) and collector rotor (13) with pole teeth (Z) the number of which differs from the number of excitation poles; at that, on pole teeth there located is at least one section (S) of winding the ends of which are connected to commutator bars (L) which are electrically connected in pairs to each other by means of contact jumpers (K), are supplied with electric power through carbon brushes (B) and the number of which is divisible by the number of pole teeth. At that, according to this invention, the above number of commutator bars (L) in this electric machine is divisible by the half of the number of pairs (P) of excitation poles, but is not divisible by the number of pairs of poles, which is even.

EFFECT: reducing torque moment pulsations and noise of electric machine at simultaneous decrease of overall dimensions and reducing labour input of its manufacture.

10 cl, 9 dwg

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The present invention relates to an electrical machine, mainly to the direct current motor according to the restrictive part of the independent claim 1 of the claims.

The level of technology

For DC motors with high torque and low speeds, it is preferable to choose high values of the number of poles. In addition, application of the fractional sockets winding (winding sections on individual teeth) allows to achieve high power density, respectively, the specific torque. To ensure the small ripple torque number of teeth you want to select so that the least common multiple of the number of poles and number of teeth were as large as possible, resulting in between teeth and poles per one revolution there are many different places of the magnetic gaps. Thus obtained the lowest common multiple, for example, for electrical machines DC fosmidomycin the stator and commutator rotor with eleven teeth, as well 88. Thus to minimize the size and complexity of the manufacturing process of the electric machine, the number of collector plates must be set as low as possible.

From WO 02/21665 A2 known what about the use of the multiple number of poles to determine the number of collector plates. In addition, this publication also known solution, whereby to reduce the number of brushes, for example, up to two carbon brushes, collector plates are connected to each other intervals pin jumpers. However, the drawback of these known solutions is the presence of a relatively large number of collector plates, causing considerable dimensions of the electric machine and the considerable complexity of its manufacture.

If the number of collector plates is a multiple of the number of pairs of poles and number of slots, excited pulsations develop efforts and torque the same orders of magnitude due to the influence of magnetic resistance and electrical switching. These pulsations cause, in particular, to increase the noise of the electric machine.

Disclosure of inventions

Proposed in the invention, the solution allows for the provision of how smaller the ripple torque of the electric machine to reduce the number of collector plates below the known value.

From electric cars to the distinctive features of claim 1 of the formula of the invention thus preferably achieved maximum reduction of ripple torque due to the appropriate combination of the number of poles, number of teeth and number of collector plates. Friend the e advantage of the invention is that way it becomes possible due to the manifold compact design to minimize the size and complexity of manufacturing the electric machine. In addition, this achieves the reduction of its vocalization.

Various preferred embodiments of the claimed in the independent claim of the electric machine are listed in the dependent claims.

So, the best switching of the windings is ensured by the fact that the collector has two positive and two negative brushes, which are in each case offset with respect to each other by an amount greater fold the entire width of the collector plate on half of its width. Thereby it is guaranteed commutation under both positive brushes, respectively negative brushes are always out of phase in contrast to the known solutions, providing the displacement of the brushes on an integer multiple of the width of the collector plate.

However, depending on the number of collector plates become different solutions are possible. Thus, in particular, when there is an even number of plates of the collector two positive brushes and also two negative brushes are preferably offset from each other by an amount in each case twice the pole dividing the excitation winding, and an odd number of collector plastindia positive brushes, as well as two negative brushes collector offset from each other by 180°. In addition, the optimal switching in an electric car is due to the fact that one of the negative brushes are shifted relative to one of the positive brushes on the value three times larger than the pole division (in the direction of rotation of the rotor of the machine). Additional optimization of commutation is ensured by the fact that plate collector, offset from each other by an amount four times greater pole division, in each case are connected to each other by the contact bridges.

Special ease of the winding and pin jumper is achieved by using the filament winding machines due to the fact that the winding of the pole teeth and the contact bridges collector are wound using a single magnet wire. Such electric machines find their wide application, preferably on vehicles. As the preferred option run the motor for direct drive wiper in the invention features including an electric machine having a commutator rotor with eight pole teeth and, respectively, the slots, and twenty-two collector plates and fosmidomycin stator.

Brief description of drawings

Below and is gaining more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, showing:

figure 1 is a schematic front view made by the first option proposed in the invention of the electric machine,

figure 2 - table winding to winding and jumpers machine running winding machines,

on figa - schematic view of the reamer shown in figure 1 of the machine with the first three windings and the contact bridges of the collector rotor

on figb, 3C and 3D is schematic views illustrating the process of executing the rotor according to shown in table 2 winding to winding and pin jumper 4-6, 7-9, and 10 and 11,

figure 4 - schematic view made on the next version vosmipolosnoy machine with 9 teeth and 18 of the collector plates

figure 5 - table winding relating to vosmipolosnoy car,

figure 6 - schematic view of the reamer shown in figure 4 of the machine with both the first windings and contact the jumpers shown in figure 5 according to the winding table,

7 is a schematic view performed by the third variant dvenadcatiperstnoy electric machine with 11 teeth and 33 of the collector plates

on Fig - table winding relating to dvenadcatiperstnoy car,

and

figure 9 is a schematic view of the corresponding scan is shown in Fig.7. a machine with the first three performed according presents the Oh on Fig table windings windings and 6-pin jumpers.

The implementation of the invention

1 schematically in a front view is shown and indicated by item 10 is executed in the first embodiment osmidrosis the direct current motor with excitation from permanent magnets representing an electric car. Such machines are used in vehicles, preferably for servos, fans, wipers, etc. and have to operate reliably under high stress as possible during the entire lifetime of the vehicle. Other requirements such motors are shorter pulsation growing effort and torque, as well as less noise. The motor 10 DC has osmidrosis the stator 11, which through the working air gap 12 communicates with the collector rotor 13, which is hereinafter referred to as the rotor. The rotor 13 comprises a laminated stack package (core) 14 fixed on simply supported on both sides of the shaft 15 of the rotor. Around the circumference of the laminated package 14 is eleven equally-spaced projections or pole teeth Z, between which grooves are respectively N for a total of eleven sections S of the winding 17 of the rotor. This section's windings are made winding machines as the detailed subzone winding per pole teeth z When they are in a special way connected with the reservoir 16, which is located on the shaft 15 of the rotor with the front end side of the laminated package 14. The collector has a collector 22 of the plate L, uniformly circumferentially distributed and cooperating respectively with two fixed positive carbon brushes B+ and two fixed negative carbon brushes B-. They are displaced relative to each other respectively by 90° and to ensure the operation of the electric machine is supplied with direct current. While eleven pole teeth Z of the rotor 13 interact with eight poles excitation of the stator 11. To ensure as smaller ripple torque of the electric machine, the number of pole teeth is set not equal to the number of poles excitation. In addition, in this case, the number of collector plates L twice the number of pole teeth.

In addition, for optimal magnetic resistance and optimum electrical switching machine number of collector plates L must be a multiple of half the number of pairs of poles P of the excitation, but is not a multiple of the number of pairs of poles. In addition, the number of pairs of poles must be an even number. These conditions are met in relation shown in figure 1 of the electric motor 10 DC with the number p of pole pairs equal to 4, and with the number of the Ohm collector plates, equal to 22. In addition, switching the machine is optimized due to the fact that the two positive brushes B+and two negative brushes - shifted relative to each other by the amount by half the width of the collector plate most times its entire width b. Thus, whenever one of the positive brushes or negative brushes is in the middle of the collector plate L, the other positive brush or, respectively, negative brush is guaranteed to overlap two adjacent collector plate L. in Addition, for optimal magnetic resistance even when the number of collector plates 16 two positive brushes B+and two negative brushes - must be shifted relative to each other, respectively, at twice the size of the pole division (step) Pt poles P of the excitation. The result of this condition with respect to shown in figure 1 cosmipolitan motor 10 DC is the displacement of the brushes relative to each other by 90°. In addition, for optimal switching one of the negative brushes B - must be shifted relative to one of the positive brushes B+ to a value three times as large pole division Pt, in the direction of rotation of the rotor of the machine, indicated by the arrow D.

Figure 2 shows the winding table, according to the which motor 10 DC wrapped around eleven sections of the winding, which are connected to twenty-two plates L of the manifold 16, and eleven jumpers K. the data table winding practiced winding machine, in which, respectively, alternately wound section S of the winding pole teeth Z and are pin jumper To one of the wrapping wire.

On figa-3G schematically illustrates the four fragments in the scan are presented in figure 1 of the electric motor 10 DC, which is used to illustrate, and with reference to which more detail below discusses the process of implementation of sections of the winding S and jumpers in accordance with wrapping the data presented in the corresponding table in figure 2. On the specified scan presents osmidrosis the stator 11 with poles P1-P8, eleven pole teeth Z1-Z11, the notches N1-N11 and the reservoir 16 with the collector plates L1-L22.

On figa schematically shows the first fragment illustrating the manufacturing process of the winding 17 of the rotor sections S1-S3 and pin jumper K1-K3. Start winding 18a is chosen freely and in this case refers to the collector plate L1. Next, likewise freely selectable binding collector plates L to pole teeth Z set so that the first pole tooth Z1 is placed exactly at the level of the groove collector dps is Steen between collector plates L1 and L22 of the collector 16. The result according figa this provision should be on the circumference of the angular position φ=0°. In addition, in this first position of the North magnetic pole P1 of the stator 11 is in the middle above the pole tooth Z1. In that case, when the first positive brush B+ overlaps the collector plate L22 and L1, the second positive brush B+ is shifted by an amount equal to twice the magnitude of the pole division 2Pt, i.e. at 90° relative to the first brush in the direction of rotation in the direction of arrow D and is located in the middle of the collector plate L6. The first negative brush B is offset relative to the first positive brush B+ three pole division 3Pt, or at the angle of 135°in the rotation direction of the arrow D and is located on the collector plate L9. The second negative brush is in turn shifted relative to this position by 90° and is located on the collector plates L14 and L15. Thereby offset the positive brushes and the negative brushes are respectively the value of five and a half times the width (5, 5b) of the collector plate.

Winding machine works line by line data shown in table 2 winding, with sections S1-S11 winding and contact bridges K1-K1 1 wound sequentially and respectively connected with functionally related collections the priori plates L of the manifold 16. For greater clarity on figa-3y numbered slots N and the collector plate L. resubmitted on scans winding marked accordingly on the right side figa-3y dashed lines.

In more detail below presents the sequence of the process steps of winding and run jumpers.

As shown in figa, starting with the section S1 of the winding, magnet wire 18 is fixed to the first collector plate L1, then the beginning of the section S1 of the windings are laid through the slot N6, then reel up eighty-eight turns per pole tooth Z7, in order to secure the end of the winding through the slot N7 on the collector plate L2. Following this, without cutting the wrapping wires are laid first pin jumper K1 from the collector plate L2 to the collector plate L13. From this plate the beginning of the section S2 of the winding are laid through the slot N1, reel up the winding section, including eighty-eight turns, the teeth Z2 and the end passed through the slot N2 to collector plate L14. Forth from this place paving pin jumper K2 to collector plate L3. From her pave the beginning of the section S3 winding through the slot 7, the section of the winding wound on the tooth Z8 and the end is laid through the slot N8 to collector plate L4. From her magnet wire are laid as shown from the e on figb.

As shown in figb, contact the jumper K3 are laid from the collector plate L4 to collector plate L15. In this case, as shown in figb, contact bridges To connect each other are displaced relative to each other respectively at 180° collector plate L of the manifold 16, which corresponds in this case, the value is more than four times the pole division 4Pt. Then the beginning of the section S4 windings are laid from the collector plate L15 through the slot N2, reel up the winding section, including eighty-eight turns around the tooth Z3 and the end passed through the slot N3 to collector plate L16. Following this, paving pin jumper K4 from the collector plate to L16 collector plate L5. From the beginning of the section S5 windings are laid through the slot N8, reel up this section of the winding on the pole tooth Z9 and the end of the winding are laid through the slot N9 to collector plate L6. Next, lay the contact jumper K5 from the collector plate L6 to collector plate L17. After the beginning of this section S6 windings are laid from the collector plate L17 through the slot N3, is wound on the pole tooth Z4 and the end is laid through the slot N4 to collector plate LI8. From her magnet wire 18 are laid as already shown in figv.

As shown in figv, contact the jumper K6 laid on to lectores plate L18 to collector plate L7. Then the beginning of the section S7 windings are laid from the collector plate L7 through the slot N9, reel up this section of the winding on the teeth Z10 and the end passed through the slot 10 to the collector plate L8. Following this, paving pin jumper plug K7 from the collector plate L8 to collector plate L19. From the beginning of the section S8 windings are laid through the slot N4, reel up the winding section on the tooth Z5 and the end is laid through the slot N5 to collector plate L20. Then lay pin jumper plug K8 from the collector plate L20 to collector plate L9. From the beginning of the section S9 windings are laid through the slot N10, reel up the winding section, including eighty-eight coils, pole tooth Z11 and the end of the winding are laid through the slot 11 to the collector plate L10. From her magnet wire 18 are laid as shown already on Figg

As shown in Figg, from the collector plate L10 pin jumper plug K9 laid to collector plate L21. Then the beginning of the section S10 windings are laid from the collector plate L21 through the slot N5, reel up the winding section, including eighty-eight coils, prong Z6 and the end of the winding are laid through the slot 6 to the collector plate L22. From her laid pin jumper K10 to collector plate L11. From the beginning of the section S11 winding pave che is ez groove N11, reel up this section of the winding on the pole tooth Z1 and the end of the winding are laid through the slot N1 to collector plate L12. Finally lay still pin jumper plug C from the collector plate L12 to collector plate L1. After that, magnet wire 18 in the end is cut off and receive the end 18b of the winding 17 of the rotor.

Figure 4 schematically shows performed on the second version of the motor 20 DC with the stator 11 with eight poles of R. However, according to this variant, the collector rotor 13 has only nine slots N and, respectively, the pole teeth Z, on which is wound on one of the section's winding. In this case, the manifold 16 has eighteen collector plates L and is supplied with direct current respectively through the two positive brushes B+ and two negative brushes B-.

Figure 5 shows a data table of the winding 17 of the rotor shown in figure 4 of the electric motor 20 DC.

Figure 6 also schematically illustrates the scan are presented in figure 4 of the electric motor 20 DC, which is used for illustration and with reference to which more detail below describes how to run and connect the sections S of the winding and pin jumper To with regard to the first four winding sections according to table 5 of the winding. When is volume two positive brushes B+ and two negative brushes In a similar way, as in the first embodiment, the offset relative to each other respectively by 90°, for volmerange stator 11 corresponds to twice the pole division 2Pt. The first negative brush B is in this case shifted relative to the first positive brush B+ 135°, respectively, three pole division.

As follows from figure 5 presents tables of the winding, it is necessary successively and alternately perform nine sections S winding and contact bridges K from one magnet wire 18. In more detail below presents the sequence of the process steps of winding and run jumpers.

As shown in Fig.6, starting with the section S1 of the winding, the first collector plate L1 fix the source end of the magnet wire 18a 18, then the beginning of the section S1 of the windings are laid through the slot N5, after which wound eighty-eight turns per pole tooth Z6 in order to secure the end of the winding through the slot N6 on the collector plate L2. Then, without cutting the wrapping wire, lay the first pin jumper K1 from the collector plate L2 to the collector plate LI 1. From the beginning of the section S2 of the winding are laid through the slot N1, reel up this section of the winding S2 to the tooth Z2 and the end passed through the slot N2 to collector plate L12. Following this, from this location pave contact the ing the jumper K2 to collector plate L3. From her magnet wire, as shown on the layout of figure 6 on the right side, remove to section S3 of the winding. As in the first embodiment shown in figa-3G, according to the second variant step-by-step also practiced the data presented in table 5 winding up until eventually magnet wire forming, the last pin jumper K10, will not be again supplied to the collector plate L1 and cut around it.

7 schematically shows performed by the third variant, the motor 30 DC dvenadtsatiosnye the stator 31 which has twelve equally spaced around the circumference of the permanent magnets 32. They form eight poles with alternating alternating polarity, which interact with the rotor 33, which has eleven slots N and the pole teeth Z, each of which is wound on one of the section's winding. Eleven sections of the winding S is connected to the collector 36, the circumference of which there are thirty-three collector plates L. To supply power to the electric machine commutator plate L interact with the two positive brushes B+ and two negative brushes B-. Unlike the first two options in this embodiment, the manifold 36 has an odd number of collector plates. Thanks for optimum to the mutation of two positive brushes B+, as well as two negative brushes B - can be shifted relative to each other respectively by 180°. The negative brush B is shifted relative to the positive brushes B+, respectively, at 90°.

On Fig table presents winding, whereby winding machine can wind eleven sections S of the winding and to perform twenty-two contact bridges K. in contrast to previous versions after each winding sequentially perform two contact bridges K, before it is wound next winding. In this embodiment, all sections S of the winding and the contact bridges To can be performed using a single magnet wire.

Figure 9 schematically in the scan shows the motor 30 DC with dvenadtsatiosnye the stator 31, the rotor 33 and the collector 36 of the rotor. Based on data from wrapping presents to Fig table and with reference to Fig.9 below in more detail the process of manufacture and the location of the first three sections of the winding S and the first six pin jumper K. in more detail Below presents the sequence of the process steps of winding and run jumpers.

First, magnet wire 18 attached to the collector plate L1 at point 18a, then the beginning of the section S1 of the windings are laid through the slot N4, then reel up vosumdesatvosum turns per pole tooth Z5, to further secure the end of the winding through the slot N5 on the collector plate L24. Following this, without cutting the wrapping wires are laid first pin jumper K1 from the collector plate L24 to collector plate L2 and simultaneously lay the second contact jumper K2 to collector plate L13. From the beginning of the section S2 of the winding are laid through the slot N8, reel up this section of the winding on the pole tooth Z9 and the end passed through the slot N9 to collector plate L3. From her laid pin jumper K3 to collector plate L14 and then lay pin jumper K4 to collector plate L25. From the beginning of the section S3 windings are laid through the slot N1, reel up this section of the winding on the pole tooth Z2 and the end are laid through the slot N2 to collector plate L15. Following this, paving pin jumper K5 to collector plate L26 and further pave the contact jumper K6 to collector plate L4. From the collector plate L4 magnet wire, as shown on the right side of the scanner figure 9, navigate to the section S4 winding, at this stage of the winding process, as well as all other relevant shows on Fig table stage of the process of winding run winding machine in accordance with the explanations concerning the first variant implementation of izaberete the Oia as long until eventually magnet wire forming the last pin jumper plug K22, will not be again supplied to the collector plate L1.

In relation to electric machines, the number of collector plates which is a multiple of the number of pole teeth, the basic idea of the present invention to reduce pulsations of the magnetic resistance and electrical switching is that the number of collector plates L in each case is also a multiple of half of the number of pole pairs of excitation, but a multiple of the total number p of pole pairs, the number of pairs of poles must be an even number. So the basic idea of the present invention is not limited to the above-described variants. For example, in relation to vosmipolosnoy electric car possible other options the exercise of its rotor, which may be, for example, thirteen slots/pole teeth and twenty-six collector plates, respectively fifteen slots/pole teeth and thirty collector plates. Accordingly, it is possible to imagine many embodiments and four, dvenadcatiletnih and shestnadtsatietazhnyh electric machines.

One of the main distinctive feature of embodiments of the invention is that the collector has two floors the positive brush B+ and two negative brushes B-, the positive brushes and the negative brushes are shifted relative to each other by the amount by half the width of the collector plate exceeding a multiple of the whole of its width b. Thus, when switching the machine are achieved low ripple current due to the fact that never occurs simultaneous switching current under both positive brushes and the negative brushes from one of the collector plates to the adjacent collector plate. In addition, this ensures that the mismatch between the frequency of the magnetic pulsations (the number of pairs of poles multiplied by the number of teeth) and the frequency of the ripple current. This means lower ripple develop efforts and torque, and noise of the electric machine.

1. Electric machine, mainly the electric motor (10) DC, containing at least eight are located in the stator (11) poles (P) excitation and collector rotor (13) located around the circumference of grooves (N) and the pole teeth (Z), the number of which is different from the number of poles excitation, and the pole teeth is at least one section (S) of the winding, the ends of which are connected with the collector plates (L), which pairs are electrically connected to each other by the contact bridges (K), supplied electricity through ugolin the e brush (), and the number of which is divisible by the number of pole teeth, wherein the number of collector plates (L) is a multiple of half of the number (p) of pairs of poles (P) excitation, but is not a multiple of the number (p) of pairs of poles, which is even.

2. Electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the collector (16) has two positive and two negative brushes (In+, In-), and two positive brushes (+) and two negative brushes ( -) offset from each other by an amount greater fold the entire width (b) of the collector plate on half of its width (b).

3. Electric machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the two positive brushes (+) and two negative brushes ( -) when there is an even number of collector plates (L) of the manifold (16) is displaced in relation to each other by an amount in each case twice the pole division (Pt) poles (P) excitation.

4. Electric machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the two positive brushes (+) and two negative brushes ( -) an odd number of collector plates (L) of the manifold (36) is displaced in relation to each other by 180°.

5. Electric machine according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that one of the negative brushes ( -) offset from one of the positive brushes (+) by an amount three times larger than the pole division (Pt) of the machine.

6. Electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that collect the data plate (L) of the manifold (16), offset from each other by an amount four times greater pole division (Pt), in each case are connected to each other by the contact bridges (K).

7. Electric machine according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the section (S) of the winding on the pole teeth (Z) and contact bridges (K) is wound winding machine using a single magnet wire (18).

8. Electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of volmerange stator (11) of the collector rotor (13) has eleven pole teeth (Z) and respectively of grooves (N), and twenty-two collector plate (L).

9. Electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of volmerange stator (11) of the collector rotor (13) has nine pole teeth (Z) and respectively of grooves (N), and eighteen collector plates (L).

10. Electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of dvenadtsatietazhnogo stator (31) collector rotor (33) has eleven pole teeth (Z) and respectively of grooves (N), and thirty-three collector plate (L).