Motor with bell-shaped armature and a device for estragaste

IPC classes for russian patent Motor with bell-shaped armature and a device for estragaste (RU 2195756):

H02K23/66 - Structural association with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of, or controlling, the machine, e.g. with impedance, with switch (control arrangements external to the machine H02P)

H02K23/38 - having winding or connection for improving commutation, e.g. equipotential connection

Another patents in same IPC classes:

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FIELD: electrical engineering; direct current machines.

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3 cl, 10 dwg

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(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely, devices for estragaste motor with bell-shaped armature. The technical result consists in improving estragaste, is achieved by the fact that in the motor with bell-shaped armature has a header and a device for estragaste containing many discrete capacitive elements, which are electrically connected to the manifold and have respective first terminals and second terminals, the first contact pin electrically connected to respective plates of the collector, and the second contact pin is electrically connected with the formation point of the star connection, the device for estragaste contains at least one first connecting circuit and at least one second connecting chain of larger diameter, located coaxially with the first connecting link. 10 C.p. f-crystals, 12 ill.

The invention concerns a motor with bell-shaped armature containing a header and a device for estragaste consisting of a set of discrete capacitive elements that electricity is re steel magnetic circuit of the motor with bell-shaped or hollow anchor have a relatively small moment of inertia, that ensures adequate for many applications characteristics. Usually the body of the rotor coils in that the motor rotates in the air gap between the cylindrical permanent magnet and the magnetic return sleeve of the magnetic circuit. Due to this structure, the number of windings is not limited to such an extent as in small DC motors with laminated core of the rotor. In small DC motors to prevent excessive weakening of the steel core, the rotor usually has only three reels.

In the above-mentioned DC motor power supply means electrically and mechanically switchable contacts, so there is a problem of education of sparks due to a change in the current direction or switching. For switching frequently used carbon brushes, which are pressed onto the collector sleeve. Collector sleeve is formed by sections of the plates which are axially parallel to each other and isolated from each other. The durability or service life of the mentioned contacts is significantly reduced when the occurrence of electrical discharges in the form of sparks.

In literature ceramic material (the disk of ceramic-copper laminate). Disk capacitor takes the part of the charge, thus suppressing the formation of sparks. However, the aforesaid ceramic discs are fragility, and their parameters are frequency-dependent equivalent series resistance and capacitance, with large variations in manufacturing. In addition, it is impossible to produce ceramic discs having a sufficiently large capacity. Previously, at least for test purposes, the electrical circuit in which several discrete capacitive components were located on the host disk, and each connected in parallel to the two plates of the collector. This means that one end of the capacitor is electrically connected to one plate and the other end of the capacitor to the next plate. Although this scheme can be used is increased capacity, it needs further improvement.

Therefore, the aim of the present invention is to improve the engine of the aforementioned type with bell-shaped armature through improved device for estragaste.

According to the invention mentioned objective is achieved by the fact that one of the terminals of the capacitive element electrically connected to Sedoy, and the other terminals of the capacitive elements respectively electrically connected to the corresponding plate of the collector, the device for estragaste contains at least one first connecting circuit and at least one second connecting chain of larger diameter, which is arranged essentially coaxially with the first connecting circuit, and a connecting circuit is formed electrically connected to the contact surfaces of the forming point of the star connection and the other connection circuit formed by the contact surfaces, which are electrically isolated from each other and respectively electrically connected to respective collector plates, respectively are like the spokes of a wheel between the contact surface of the first connecting circuit and the contact surface of the second connecting circuit and the contact pin capacitive elements electrically connected to respective contact surfaces.

One of the advantages of the present invention stems from the type of connection (Wye), selected for formation of a complex system. The result can be accepted by a large part of the charges generated on the Ute service life of the contacts and thereby reduce the service life of the engine. Since one side of the capacitive elements are connected, these capacitive elements form an integrated system, electrical characteristics which during operation are less dependent on the angular position of the rotor, which leads to better compensation than in the known circuits. In known circuits only adjacent plate collector connected through a capacitive element. Tests have shown that the scheme is made according to the invention, more effective for estragaste.

Although the Wye devices for estragaste know, in engines with bell-shaped armature such a connection has not hitherto been used. One reason for this may be that part of the characteristics of such a motor with a rotor without magnetic core is significantly different from the characteristics of DC motors of other types.

In addition, this particular form of the device provides the advantage that is associated with the fact that motor with bell-shaped armature are made mainly with a large number of coils of the rotor. Like spokes placement allows you to place a very large number of capacitive elements next to each other, so that the desired yasmeena coaxially connecting circuits simplifies the balancing of such rotors with devices for estragaste, because they can be placed evenly around the rotor axis in the form of identical sections and do not change their position.

The combination of the above-mentioned advantages is extremely beneficial especially for engines with bell-shaped armature, because the spokes location of the capacitive elements by means of the coupling circuit has a stabilizing effect on the installed only on one side of the body coil. Thus at the same time prevents unnecessary vibration.

In addition, according to one particularly preferred form of the invention, the electrical connection of the contact pins of the capacitive elements to each other at their point of star connection is the only, and any other electrical connection is missing. This means that one side of the capacitive element is electrically directly connected to one side of the other capacitive elements, so that in this case there is a direct exchange of charges without any additional effects. Specifically, no connection to the coil should not deviate from the contact side.

The invention is particularly effective if the number of capacitive element to place many of these capacitive elements, for example, on a single support element.

In the form of the invention, providing ease of manufacture, the capacitive elements are arranged along the radius, going from the center point of the two connecting chains.

Preferably, the capacitive elements are designed as planar monolithic capacitors, preferably ceramic. Such capacitive elements are also called multi-layer (ceramic) capacitors. As a rule, they have the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a width larger than a height and length greater than the width. Conclusions are situated at the ends.

In addition, the resistance of the capacitive elements may depend on the frequency and decrease with increase it. As a result, the amount of charge can be made faster, which gives an advantage in terms of higher frequencies.

The second electrical terminals of the capacitive elements can be electrically connected with the collector plate. The scheme is thus simplified and guaranteed its exact calculation and easy predictability.

The form of the invention, which is very convenient from the point of view of the manufacturing process and is of ntaja mounted discrete capacitive elements. The use of discrete capacitive elements allows an infinite number of possible layouts that can be adapted to different number of individual windings and different sizes of devices for estragaste. In particular, it is possible to perform the host drive no larger than the outer diameter of the rotor, in order to keep small the size of the structure.

In the preferred case, the host drive is designed as a circuit Board on which the connector circuit and the contact surface for connection of capacitive elements and/or collector plates. This host drive may have a small thickness so that the resulting structure height could be kept low. In addition, the design should be flexible enough small deformation that may occur during Assembly or when thermal load on the engine, there was no breaks or other damage. The number of basic elements, United in the form of stars, may coincide with the number of partial winding systems of the engine and number plate collector system. However, from the constructive point of view can be useful, if the number of interconnected basic elements will be less than Chatel with the required estragaste.

In particular, when using small motors with rotor without the magnetic circuit, the capacitive elements may be capacitors that allow the supply voltage to them arbitrary polarity and have a capacity ranging from 1 to 1000 nF. The tank shall be selected in accordance with the design of the motor windings so that the sparks were effectively suppressed.

In addition, it should be noted that the motor in relation to the electric circuit can be described essentially as a complex system composed of inductors, resistors and voltage sources, depending on the speed and induction. Thanks to the additional installation-specific way connected fixed capacitors, for example, with the special characteristics of the frequency dependence, the electric energy generated by the engine when switching, in the ideal case, first adopted in capacitors and then converted into heat in the ohmic resistors of the system through the mechanism of the damped electrical oscillations.

To approximate the real process to the ideal case, real capacitors should preferably have a sufficiently small value Nachalova measuring device LCR-parameters) and which is not in the range of kilo-ohms or higher when the measurement frequency reaches the range of a few hundred Hertz to a higher value in the range of kilohertz.

The capacitance, if possible, should not take any arbitrary value, and must be selected such that there is no additional electrical effects, creating an incremental load on the switching contacts.

In cases where the resistance of the engine is small, it may be helpful in series with a separate capacitors to include additional resistors to increase the damping resistance.

In addition, it may be useful to include additional inductor in combination with a separate capacitors and possibly with additional resistors. Capacitors here remain installed in a star configuration, as described above, and additional resistors and an additional inductor can be connected in series with a single capacitor.

Tests have shown, in particular, that the device for estragaste must be selected in accordance with the specific characteristics of the engine such as its inductance, couche engines with high inductance (approximately 7 mH), large capacity in combination with a small equivalent series resistance of the capacitors have a special advantage.

Forms of implementation of the present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the drawings.

In Fig. 1 schematically shows the structure of an electric motor with a device for estragaste.

Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit of the electric motor shown in Fig.1.

In Fig. 3 shows an image of the collector portion of the rotor shaft in the future.

In Fig. 4 shows the support disc front without discrete capacitive elements.

In Fig.5 shows a section of a bearing disk shown in Fig.4.

Fig.6 is a rear view shown in Fig.4 rotor disk.

Fig. 7 is a front view showing a second form of execution of the host drive without discrete capacitive elements.

In Fig.8 shows a section of a bearing disk shown in Fig.7.

Fig. 9 is a view of a rotor disk shown in Fig.7, the back.

Fig.10 is a front view showing another form of execution of the host drive running.10, back.

Fig.12 is a section of a bearing disk shown in Fig.10.

Further, the invention is illustrated by examples of its implementation with reference to the diagram shown in Fig.1. The diagram shown in Fig.1, refers to the motor with bell-shaped armature, although two poles 1 and 2 of the permanent magnet is depicted outside of the windings. This is done only for simplicity and clarity. Schematically the rotor 3 with different coils 4, which together form the system of the windings rotates in the magnetic field of permanent magnets 1 and 2. In engines with bell-shaped armature or rotor without a magnetic core, a cylindrical permanent magnet with North and South poles is placed inside the rotor winding.

The rotor 3 includes a collector sleeve 5, which is located coaxially with the axis of the rotor and rotates with said rotor. Collector sleeve 5 consists of a plate 6 of the collector, which are grouped in the form of a sleeve and in a grouped state does not have direct electrical contact with each other, and have the appropriate coil 4, is included between them. This means that each plate 6 collector electrically connected to respective ends of the windings of the two coils 4.two opposite each other brushes 8 and 9 are pressed essentially diametrically to the outer surface, formed by the plates 6 of the collector. Brushes 8 and 9 together with the collector sleeve 5 is carried out corresponding to the switching or commutation.

Each of the plates of the collector electrically connected to the first contact side 10 of the bipolar capacitor 12. The second contacting side 11 of the capacitors 12 are interconnected at a common point 13 star connection. This connection preferably is carried out without additional middleware components. In this example, the number of coils 4, plate 6 of the collector and the capacitor 12 is the same and equal to 9. Obviously, that can be used and a different number of these elements.

In Fig. 2 shows the equivalent electric diagram of the device. In addition to the capacity of the capacitor 11 shown its resistance R_C. Each coil 4 divided according to the source U_ISvoltage, resistance R_Swinding and the inductance L_S. In addition, schematically shows the nominal motor voltage and collector voltage.

As can be seen from the equivalent circuit, there are multiple potential impact on the system, which can be varied in accordance with the required estragaste. For example, will be carried out, as a possible option, by inserting additional resistors. This also applies to the motor winding. If necessary, for the purposes of compensation in series with the capacitor 12 can be entered an additional inductor. Here it is also important that the second contacting side 11 of the capacitors 12 were United at the point 13 star connection.

The design of the collector which is suitable for a rotor without a magnetic core, which will be described below in more detail with reference to Fig.3. Sleeve 5 collector installed on the shaft 14 of the engine. A separate plate 6 flattened fan shape in the form of stars in the region of the supporting disc 15, and the free ends 16 of the plates 6 are bent so that they hold the rear bearing disk 17. Supporting disk 17 is made of a material of the circuit Board and supplied with corresponding contact surfaces 18 for prepaymania free ends 16 of the plates 6. In the gap 19 between the bearing disk 17 and the supporting disk 15 are capacitors 12. The contact surface 18 through the bearing disk 17 and is connected at the other front side of the support disc 17 with the corresponding contact surfaces, which are respectively mounted capacitors. Small holding disk 20, the contacts of the capacitor 12 to the supporting disk 17 will be described below with reference to the following forms of embodiment of the invention.

According to the form of the invention shown in Fig. 4-6, a supporting disk 17 is flat and essentially cylindrical disk made of a material of the circuit Board. The front side of the disk is located on the contact surface 21 around the inner circumference of the rotor disk 17; all of these contact surfaces are electrically connected to each other via a ring 22 for forming the connecting chain. Mentioned ring connection 22 with the contact surfaces 21 essentially represents a point 13 star connection shown in the equivalent circuit. The second contacting side 11 of the capacitors 12 are connected to the contact surfaces 21. Capacitors are discrete components for surface mounting, which are attached by adhesive to the surface of the circuit Board and then respectively join intended for the contact surfaces, for example 21. The contact surfaces 23, which are located radially closer to the outer side, are connected with the first contact of the sides 10 of the capacitor 12. The contact surface 23 is also arranged in groups to form a connecting chain is isolated from each other by intermediate areas of the circuit Board material. Internal and external connection circuit, which are arranged coaxially to one another, together with radially mounted capacitors 12 have a structure similar to wheel: the capacitors 12 are its spokes, the inner connecting the circuit - hub, and the outer connecting chain - rim. Electrical connection with the contact surfaces 18 on the rear side 26 of the support disc 17 through the respective segments 24 of conductive paths that pass through the circuit Board material in the holes 25. The contact surfaces 18, which are approximately circular configuration on the back side, then soldered to the free ends of the plates 6 of the collector. Deepening 27 facilitate the alignment of the support disc 17 and serve to save volume at the bend of the free end sections 16 of the plates 6 of the collector. Thus you do not want the free ends of the plates 6 collector radially played for carrying the disk 17.

Below will be described in more detail other design options such bearing plates 17. If the signs are the same or similar numbers, they refer to components having the same or similar function, so you can make silkstone of the invention according to Fig.7-9 contact surface 21 radially placed, they are located outside and are connected via an annular connection 22 so that the top stars 13 equivalent circuit is located, you can say, inverted, in the outer part. The contact surface 23 thus placed radially closer to the center. As you can see, in this example, the contact surfaces 21 and 23 are essentially located along the radius, going from the center of the support disc 17. In the example case, the hole 25 passes exactly through the contact surface 23, thus providing electrical connection with the contact surface 18, which is located on the rear side 26 and which, in turn, is in contact with the free end 16 of the plate 6.

The form of the invention shown in Fig.10-12, is a variant of the design shown in Fig.4-6. In this case, however, the hole 25 passes directly through the contact surface 23, thus providing a connection with the contact surface 18 on the rear side 26 of the support disc 17.

As can be seen from the forms of the invention, it is possible to install the capacitors 12 to the support disk 17 are very close to each other, because they are oriented essentially radial is by means of the contact surfaces 21 and ring 22) provides a scheme which provides a highly efficient estragaste in small engines.

1. Motor with bell-shaped armature, including the header and the device for estragaste containing many discrete capacitive elements (12) which is electrically connected to the collector and are, respectively, the first contact pin (10) and the second contact pin (11), characterized in that the first contact pin (10) of the capacitive elements (12) are respectively electrically connected to respective plates (6) collector, and the second contact pin (11) of the capacitive elements (12) are electrically connected with the formation of point (13) star connection, the device for estragaste contains at least one first connecting circuit and at least one second connecting chain of larger diameter, which is arranged essentially coaxially with the first connecting link, a connecting circuit formed of electrically interconnected contact surfaces forming the specified point of the star connection and the other connection circuit formed by the contact surfaces (21), which are electrically isolated from each other and electrically so wheel between the contact surface (21, 22) of the first connecting circuit and the contact surface (21, 23) of the second connecting circuit, and their contact pin (10, 11) respectively electrically connected to corresponding contact surfaces (21,23).

2. The motor under item 1, characterized in that the contact pins of the capacitive elements (12), which are interconnected star, the electrical connection point (13) star connection is the only and any other electrical connection is missing.

3. The motor p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the number of capacitive elements (12) is greater than three, preferably more than five.

4. The electric motor according to any of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the capacitive elements (12) are installed along the radius, going from the center point of the two connecting chains.

5. The electric motor according to any of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the capacitive elements (12) are designed as monolithic planar capacitors, preferably ceramic.

6. The electric motor according to any of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the resistance of the capacitive elements (12) depends on the frequency and decreases with its increase.

7. The motor on the spacecraft is EN with others of these conclusions through at least one winding (4) of the engine, respectively included between them.

8. The motor under item 1 or 7, characterized in that it contains the host drive (17), through surface mounting set of discrete capacitive elements (12).

9. The motor under item 8, characterized in that the carrier disk (17) is designed as a circuit Board on which the connector circuit and the contact surface (18, 21, 23) for connection to the capacitive elements (12) and/or plates of the collector.

10. The electric motor according to any of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the capacitive elements (12) are capacitors that can be used in either polarity voltage and have a capacity of from 1 to 1000 nF.

11. The electric motor according to any of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that in series or in parallel with the capacitive elements (12) includes additional resistors and/or inductors.