Dc machine and., skibicka

IPC classes for russian patent Dc machine and., skibicka (RU 2091966):

H02K23/38 - having winding or connection for improving commutation, e.g. equipotential connection

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Equalising connection of second type / 2392720

Invention relates to the field of electric engineering, namely to DC electric machines with duplex lap winding of anchor, when deciding factor is simplicity and manufacturability of assembly of applied equalising connections of the second type. Beginning of equaliser is connected to collector plate of considered section, and connection itself is arranged in the form of turn laid till the middle of axial length of anchor slots, where this section is installed.

$Electric machine with fractional tooth winding$ Electric machine with fractional tooth winding / 2414798

Proposed electric machine (10) includes at least eight excitation poles (P) located in stator (11) and collector rotor (13) with pole teeth (Z) the number of which differs from the number of excitation poles; at that, on pole teeth there located is at least one section (S) of winding the ends of which are connected to commutator bars (L) which are electrically connected in pairs to each other by means of contact jumpers (K), are supplied with electric power through carbon brushes (B) and the number of which is divisible by the number of pole teeth. At that, according to this invention, the above number of commutator bars (L) in this electric machine is divisible by the half of the number of pairs (P) of excitation poles, but is not divisible by the number of pairs of poles, which is even.

Direct current machine / 2442271

FIELD: electrical engineering; direct current machines.

SUBSTANCE: direct current machine comprises a stator, an armature fixed on a rod, a contact device in the form of annular rings insulated from each other which contact with brush electrodes used for current feed and collecting from the start and the finish of the coil, end shields, a controlled solid-state switch which activates bipolar transistors and resistors between the electrodes of the emitter and the base and which is connected to its control device. The control device of a solid-state switch consists of brush electrodes which receive the control signal, a brush electrode giving the control signal, and two rings fixed on the rod and insulated from this electrode. One of these rings is made from a conductive material, while the second ring is cut into two sections, one section is made from a conductive material and connected with the solid ring of the control device, and the second section is made from insulating material. All brush electrodes are installed with the possibility to connect them with the sectioned ring and are connected with the control electrode of the semiconductor elements of the solid-state switch, while the brush electrode giving the control signal is installed with the possibility to connect with the solid ring of the control device and is connected with the brush electrodes receiving the signal at the moment of the connection of these brushes with the conductive part of the sectioned ring. Furthermore, the contact device is made in the form of four solid conductive rings. One of these rings is connected with the start of all armature coils, while all other rings are connected with the finish of the respective coils. The conductive section of the ring is made in the form of a 120° section, whereas there six electrode brushed that receive the control signal positioned with a 60° angle between them. In addition, the machine includes a relay with an option to switch the positive pole of the feeding line from the solid-state switch to the start of the coils.

EFFECT: prevention of sparking, radio interference and noise, improvement of adjusting characteristics, simplification of the device's manufacturing technique and increase of the direct current machine's efficiency.

3 cl, 10 dwg

Electric motors / 2451381

Proposed electric motor comprises an anchor core, a collector comprising multiple collector plates, a journal arranged between the anchor core and the collector, and multiple wires, every of which is connected between two adjacent collector plates and is wound around the anchor core via the journal. Wires comprises the first wire, attached between the first two adjacent collector plates, and the second wire attached between second two adjacent collector plates, arranged oppositely to the first two adjacent collector plates relative to the axis of the anchor core. The first wire and the second wire pass along the anchor journal so that they do not contact with each other.

Method for manufacture of electric machine rotor windings manufacture as well as electric machine with rotor winding manufactured by this method / 2488935

One manufactures rotor winding with at least four poles (P) of the stator (11) excitation and a collector rotor (13) having grooves (N) and pole cogs (Z) (the number whereof is other than that of excitation poles), coils (S) wound onto individual pole cogs and the same number of collector plates (L) being at least twice in excess of that of the pole cogs. Each coil beginning with the first one (S1) is wound onto the pole cog for which angular deviation (Wf) from the angle determined by the polar pitch (Pt) is the minimum. For simplification of the winding wire (17) laying within the zone of its connection to the collector plates it is stipulated that, at least for the coils (S) of the winding line (B) which is the last to be wound (and preferably - for all the winding coils), the winding wire (17) being placed in contact with the collector plate (L) between two coils (S) is led to the plate (L) on one side and led from the plate - on the other side. Positioned between the grooves (N) wherefrom the winding wire (17) is led to the plate (L) and the groove whereto (N) the wire is led from the plate is at least one pole cog (Z) but no more than to pole cogs (Z).

(57) Abstract:

Usage: sources and DC drive. The inventive machine comprises a stator, armature, brush mechanism, bearing, connecting device made in the form of two conductive rings separated by insulation, with one of them made a solid and the other with three sections that are offset relative to each other on the 120^othe armature winding is made of three coils, shifted relative to each other on the 120^oand the beginning of the coils are attached to a solid ring, and the ends of the coils to split. Effect: increased efficiency, reduced consumption of electrical materials, simplification of manufacturing technology and weight reduction. 4 Il.

The invention relates to electric machines, DC and covers both motors and generators.

The motors are designed to operate in electric DC powered generators and static converters and can be used in the transport, to drive machine tools, crane and transport mechanisms. Generators can be used to power p is elitnyh installations. DC machine can be used in automation systems as Executive motors, motors for driving the tape samozamenyaemyh mechanisms, as tachogenerators and rotating amplifiers.

For DC machine, you must change the direction of current in the conductors anchor winding when changing its position relative to the poles of the stator magnetic field. This switch in conventional machines of direct current is provided by the collector.

The collector consists of connected turns of the armature winding of the isolated between the plates, which rotates together with the armature winding alternately in contact with the stationary brushes connected to the external circuit.

However, the presence of the collector, which are necessary for this type of machines, cause they have some undesirable properties.

First and foremost among them is the need for constant supervision and care of commutator-and-brush-node, as in the operation of the machine brush abraded, and the collector is polluted and burns. In addition, the inevitable sparking brush-collector apparatus creates interference that makes it difficult nitely noise when the machine is in operation.

Therefore, many attempts have been made to create a brushless DC machine, however, as argued in [1] to build it fundamentally impossible, taking into account the fact that anchor in a multi-turn winding, the active side which successively pass under the poles of different polarity, in any case, the induced variable EMF, straightening which need a special device.

The desire to eliminate mechanical commutator-and-brush the node and replace it with any contactless device with the same functions led to the emergence of so-called contactless (brushless) DC machines. These machines have the same characteristics as the machine with the usual collector, but have higher reliability and simplicity of operation, do not create when their work interference and additional noise.

Currently there are several types of such machines, which differ from each other by way of initiation, turn-on circuit of the windings and types of electrical switching devices [2]
In the generator mode is usually used unmanaged switches - multi-phase rectifiers, and in the motor mode to the machines connect and contactless machines are complex in design and manufacture, and expensive due to the use of elements of semiconductor equipment. But, more importantly, their application is limited to low power characteristics of these elements.

But opportunities to improve the contact switching machines DC is still far from exhausted.

Known electric machine small capacity, mainly Tacho DC [3] having a collector to which evenly around the circumference of the attached findings of the armature winding and with which the sliding contact brush, and it is made in the form of cut for the slats of a hollow cylinder.

This increases the stability of the contact brushes and reduces the ripple voltage.

But from the point of view primary application of this machine has low power, which limits its scope.

Known collector device for electrical machines [4] for example, a generator with claw poles, containing the contact rings mounted on the sleeve of electrically conductive material, the elements of the conductors and insulating elements, with one of the slip rings is located on the insulating element, and the other directly on the sleeve. This simplifies feeding, is ICA as contact devices are widely used in machines AC [5] and their number can be different: synchronous usually two, and asynchronous often three, such as asynchronous machines with phase execution of the rotor.

Known DC machine [6] is used as a prototype containing the stator, brush mechanism, bearing shields, the contact device made in the form of two conductive rings separated by insulation, one of which made a solid and the other with cuts, the anchor, the start of the coil winding which is attached to a solid ring, and the ends to the parts of the split ring.

The split ring is made with two sections and in conjunction with a solid ring as part of the contact device is a switch windings. By switching these windings there is a change in the magnetic flux of the machine, that is, in this case, the magnetic system of the machine passes an alternating magnetic flux, which is typical for machines of the commutator type with inherent disadvantages (loss hysteresis, reducing efficiency).

The task, which is aimed by the invention is the improvement of the DC machine, in order while maintaining all the positive qualities inherent in the machines DC collector type it would ensure achievement of elektrotehnicheskij materials for manufacturing machines;
the simplification of the manufacturing machine;
reducing vehicle weight.

The task is solved in that in the car, DC, including the stator, brush mechanism, bearing shields and the contact device, performed in two conductive rings separated by insulation, one of which made a solid and the other with cuts, the anchor, the start of the coil winding which is attached to a solid ring, and the ends to the parts of the split ring, the number of coils of the armature winding and the number of cuts is equal to three, and the angles between the coils and the angles between the slits is 120^o.

The division of the one ring three sections (three gagement) is an important determinant of health claimed the machine when the interaction of the magnetic fields of the armature and stator due to their assimetrichnost in relation to each other.

This embodiment of the DC machine can improve efficiency by reducing hysteresis loss and improve commutation (reduction sparking under the brushes).

Although the operation of the inventive machine is based on the principle of interaction of magnetic fields of the stator and armature, laid the basis for the prototype, there is a feature, which is what it alternately enabling and disabling of the winding coils of the armature as it rotates, that creates a pulsating magnetic field of the armature, directed at an angle of 90^oto the magnetic field of the stator, while the armature winding switch completely.

In this case, the coils of the armature passes only DC current, i.e. the current conversion does not occur and, as a consequence, there is no hysteresis loss.

In the inventive machine sparking is eliminated as follows:
a) due to the change (increase, decrease) the contact resistance between the brush and the segment of the split ring during the rotation of the armature and the simultaneous change (decrease, increase) the resistance of the other contact.

When the contact brush and the segments of the split ring is their mutual overlap with changes in the contact area, and therefore, the change in the contact resistance, which is associated with the contact area is inversely proportional dependence of the well-known formulas, electrical engineering).

It follows that reducing a contact area between the brush and ran a segment split ring contact resistance will increase and, consequently, the resistance will decrease and, as a result, the current in the coil connected eloping segment is Oh anchors proteoids during the rotation of the armature in the magnetic field of the excitation, and this proteoids directed towards the applied voltage and reduces it, and, consequently, reduces the current in the coil anchor.

Disabling the coils of the armature occurs when the transition under the poles, where the intensity of the magnetic flux of the greatest and, as a consequence, the coils induced maximum proteoids, which reduces the current in the coil.

It should be noted that in the collector machines, DC and in the prototype, the contact of the brushes with the commutator-plates must occur strictly on geometric neutral poles, in the inventive same machine, this condition only applies to one of the brushes in contact with the split ring, the other can be contacted anywhere in the continuous ring.

Reducing the consumption of electrical materials in the application of the inventive machine is due to the fact that when replacing the manifold with a new contact device dramatically reduces the need for non-ferrous metals (mainly copper), electrical steel and insulating materials.

The simplification of the manufacture of the inventive machine is due to the fact that the technology for manufacturing of windings of the stator and armature significantly prachtige device of the inventive machine compared with reversing switch prototype.

The reduction of weight of the inventive machine is achieved by simplifying the design of the contact device in General.

In Fig. 1 shows a DC machine, side view, with a section of the upper part of Fig.2 pin device, side view; Fig.3 section a-a in Fig.2; Fig.4; electrical circuit of the machine.

DC machine And., Skibicka consists of a fixed part (stator), which includes steel frame 1 to which are attached the pole 2. The bed is part of the magnetic circuit of the machine. The poles are placed coil winding 3, the circuit connections are similar to those used in machines DC collectora type.

The rotating part of the machine consists of a attached to the shaft 4 of the armature 5 with the winding 6 and the contact device 7 with the conductive rings: solid 8 and split 9, separated by insulation 10. The shaft of the anchor is fixed in the bearing shields 11.

Since the ring 9 with sections divided into three parts, these parts are the segments 12.

Ring 9, from the condition allow passage of current through the coils of the armature in one direction only, made with three sections that are offset relative to each other on Cala coils attached to a solid ring, and the ends to split. Rings 8 and 9, regardless of the mode of operation of the machine motor or generator - function switch coils of the armature winding.

Drainage and supply of electric power to the armature winding is carried out with the help of brushes (not shown), which are held in contact with the rings 8 and 9 with the help of brush.

The fastening of the contact device 7 is carried out by wedging it on the shaft insulating wedges (not shown) with possible subsequent pouring of the cementitious compounds or compositions.

Direct connection of the windings of the coil to the contact rings may be produced by any known methods: by soldering, welding, mechanical fastening, and so on.

The same winding of the armature is accomplished by three winding coils according to the variant of a simple loop winding, which also simplifies Assembly technology.

Work DC machine And., Skibicka as follows.

When the open-loop armature winding (I_I=0), the magnetic field in the machine is created only MDS winding, through which flows a constant current I_in. During the rotation of the armature in the winding Indochinese change uhodit DC, i.e., in the inventive machine.

In the coils of the armature there is no alternating current and, consequently, reduces the losses associated with magnetization reversal.

The proposed machine has the property of reversibility, i.e. it is able to operate in the motor mode and generator mode. In order to carry out the operation in generator mode, you need a brush, working in contact with the split ring, move 90^oin any direction.

When the machine is loaded and running in motor mode or generator (I_I0), the magnetic field is created by the joint action of MDS winding and MDS armature winding.

When operating in the motor mode, EDS inductively in the winding is less than the supply voltage, the armature current coincides in direction with the line voltage, and the electric energy received from the network is converted into mechanical energy transmitted through the shaft paired with him.

For machine translation in the motor mode of operation of the brush in contact with the split ring must be rotated so that she was on the geometrical axis of the machine.

When operating in the generator mode, the EMF is greater than the mains voltage, the armature current is a mini-energy, coming into the network.

For machine translation in the generator mode, you need a brush that is in contact with the split ring, move 90^oin any direction that the brush was on the geometrical axis of the excitation winding.

In the absence of hysteresis loss (alternating magnetization) in the anchor due to the presence in the armature winding only DC, you can do the anchor is not laminated made of separate plates, and from solid billets (uninterned type).

This, in turn, gives the possibility to exclude when making the application of special paints and coatings to pack plates anchor.

The use of the inventive machine enables the power supply of industrial enterprises on the two-wire circuit that will save the material used in the wires by reducing the number of wires (2 times), and also by reducing the cross section of the wires, since the effective cross section of the wire for direct current is always less than.

Execution of the machine by the present invention makes its design is very simple and in this regard it can be compared with three-phase asynchronous motor with korotkozamknutyh shields and the contact device, designed as two conductive rings separated by insulation, one of which made a solid and the other with cuts, the anchor, the start of the coil winding which is attached to a solid ring, and the ends to the parts of the split ring, wherein the number of coils of the armature winding is three, and the angles between the coils and the angles between the slits is 120^o.