Method and device for processing raw lead material

FIELD: non-ferrous metallurgy; methods and devices for processing raw lead materials.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes treatment of entire volume of slag melt with oxygen-containing blast in zone of delivery of blast to melt at rate of 500-1500 nm³/h per m³ of slag; oxygen-containing blast is simultaneously delivered to slag melt at level above metallic lead surface of 5 to 20 calibers of lance and above slag melt of 30-80 calibers of lance assuming smooth surface of slag; metallic lead temperature is maintained within 700-1100°C and that of slag within 900-1300°C. For realization of this method, use is made of furnace whose crucible hearth located vertically in calibers of lance of lower row relative to horizontal plane of lances below by 10-30 calibers under furnace shaft and slag siphon channel hang-up by 2-10 calibers, pouring port lip is located above by 10-20 calibers and by 30-100 calibers of upper row lances; lead siphon hang-up is located below hearth level by 2-5 calibers.

EFFECT: reduced mechanical carrying-over of dust-like materials of burden and effluents of toxic agents with waste gases; enhanced reliability and safety; increased service life of equipment.

13 cl, 7 dwg, 1 ex

The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy, in particular to methods and devices for processing of lead raw materials.

A method of refining lead materials technology Ausmelt /Mounsey E.N., N.L. Piret A Review of Ausmelt Technology for Lead Smelting // Lead-Zinc 2000, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2000.- P.149-169/includes oxidizing melting continuous loading of raw materials, fluxes and fuels on the surface of the melt, the flow of oxygen blown into the melt, the separation of the melt producing crude lead and lead slag, liquid and gaseous products smelting and reduction smelting of lead slag feeding oxygen-containing bubbles in the melt, fuel and reducing agent on the surface of the melt producing crude lead and slag dump.

The method is used for processing of lead sulfide raw materials and processing of secondary lead raw materials.

The disadvantages of this method are the necessity of using blast with a low oxygen content, which is a consequence of vertical filing blown into the melt through a water-cooled tuyere special design. The design of this tuyere does not provide long-term operation and require frequent replacement. Due to increased volumes supplied to the melt blowing and, consequently, the increased volume of exhaust gases means is supplemented flax portion of the fine fraction of the charge materials and fuel will be subject to mechanical entrainment (10-15 %). In addition, the high level of recovery of slag in the second stage melting in continuous mode is achieved.

Closest to the present invention is a method for processing of lead materials in Vanyukov furnace /Melting in the liquid bath /A.V. Vanyukov, Wpistol, Adhsive and other edited Avenula. - M.: metallurgy, 1988, p.166-173/, including melting loading in the melt of lead-containing materials, fluxes, reducing agent, fuel, when the continuous supply of oxygen blown through the tuyeres into the melt and above the surface of the melt, with receipt and release of molten metallic lead and slag, dust and gaseous products of fusion.

Also known Vanyukov furnace for the smelting of sulfide materials containing caisson melting chamber, equipped with loading devices, tuyeres for supplying oxygen-containing bubbles in the melt and above the melt located on the longitudinal sides of the furnace, lined interior horn, siphons for continuous production of liquid products smelting - slag and matte in which the distance from the plane of the tuyeres to the upper boundary of the matte box is 30-50 calibers lances /Melting in the liquid bath /Auvinya, Wpistol, Adhsive and others; Ed. by Avenula. - M.: metallurgy, 1988, p.15-17, 94-100/.

In addition, the complex of furnaces for the implementation of the PEFC is therefore oxidative lead smelting of raw materials to produce metallic lead and lead slag and subsequent reductive smelting of lead slag with the possibility of continuous overflow of lead slag from the furnace for oxidizing melting in a furnace for smelting reduction plants. During the melting of lead scrap, fluxes, and coal-reducing agent is loaded into the first furnace. Depending on sulphide or sulphate of lead loading, the amount of lead in it, the operation is conducted in an oxidizing, neutral or reducing atmosphere, which is achieved by different number of downloaded reductant and/or the ratio of oxygen:fuel. It turns out molten lead, heavy lead slag and sublimates. Lead and slag is removed continuously. The slag is sent to the second furnace for recovery, where load coal, maintaining required for recovery of lead conditions /J.S Robert et al. Recycling of lead using Ausmelt Technology, Proceeding of EMC, 2001, cc.288-289/.

The disadvantages of the known method and device, taken as prototypes, include the following.

In a known method of melting lead raw materials in Vanyukov furnace distance from the place of supply of oxygen blown into the melt to the border of the separation of slag and metal is 30-50 calibers lances, but in the active mixing of the oxygen-blown involved only a part of the slag bath (tuyere zone) at a depth of 5-10 calibers tuyeres below the plane of the tuyeres. As a result, in the lower part of the slag melt on the border with metallic lead when the furnace stops obrazets is viscous, rapidly solidifying slag sulfide-metal layer. Due to the low heat generated in the reaction (tuyere) the flow of the lead after running Vanyukov furnace to an existing design to heat and dissolve the intermediate layer is not completely possible. However, the high content of copper in draft the lead, which upon cooling of the metal in the hearth of the furnace (for example, during stops furnace or low modes for processing the charge), forms a solid sulfide-metal selection liquation of origin as on the surface of the metal bath, and the masonry hearth furnace. The above can cause serious disorders of the technological process of melting and failure of equipment. In addition, there is a method of processing of lead materials in Vanyukov furnace of known construction will be characterized by high mechanical pleonasm (5-10%) in the processing of fine-grained materials (flotation concentrates, pastes from cutting the spent lead-acid batteries, dusts, lead sublimates and so on) and the transition in waste gases of volatile and combustible components of the charge and fuel, which must be digigate. This is because at high specific productivity of the process, reaching 80-100 t/(m² ·d), and existing scale lead production by individual plants (20-100 thousand tons per year) small geometrical dimensions of the furnace (horizontal section of the shaft furnace is 1.5-6 m²do not allow it to be placed on the furnace at the required distance from each other places the burden feeding, feeding oxygen-containing blowing over the surface of the melt and removal of process gases.

The technical result of the proposed method and device for its implementation is continuous and sustainable processing of lead raw materials, reduction of mechanical entrainment of dust charge materials and the emission of toxic substances from exhaust gases, improving the reliability, safety and lifetime melting and gas cleaning equipment, as well as reducing the cost of production of lead.

In the proposed method the processing of lead raw materials processing oxygen-blown expose the entire volume of the slag melt in the feed area of blast in the melt, the oxygen-containing blast simultaneously served in the slag melt at 5-20 calibers tuyeres above the surface of the molten metallic lead in the number of 500-1500 nm³per hour per 1 m³the slag melt and above the slag melt at 30-80 calibers tuyere above it on the calm surface of the slag races the lava, the temperature of the obtained metal lead support within 700-1100°and slag in the range 900-1300°C.

According to the second variant of the proposed method melting lead with obtaining slag containing 25-45 % lead by weight, the total amount of oxygen in the oxygen-containing blast supplied into the slag melt and above the slag melt is not less than 1.0 from theoretically required for complete oxidation of sulfide sulfur lead of raw hydrocarbons to SO₂, CO₂and H₂O.

By the third variant of the proposed method obtained the slag is subjected to melting with the supply of reductant and fuel on the surface of the slag melt or slag melt and the amount of oxygen in oxygen-containing blast supplied into the slag melt, comprising 0.6 to 0.9 from the amount of oxygen required for oxidation of the hydrocarbon reductant and fuel CO₂and H₂Oh, obtaining the dump slag containing 1-3 % of lead by weight.

According to the variant of the proposed method, complementary to the first two, download svinets-containing materials, fluxes, reducing agent and fuel are on the calm surface of the bath of slag, not blown oxygen blown, and create a continuous circulation of the slag melt between the oxygen-containing feed area of duclaw the slag melt and loading area of lead-containing materials, fluxes, reductant and fuel.

To implement the processing of lead raw materials under the proposed method is proposed to use Vanyukov furnace containing an armature, caisson shaft, lined interior furnace with the furnace hearth, coffered arch, boot device, tuyere bottom and top rows for feeding oxygen-containing blast in the lower and middle part of the shaft, placed in the side walls of the mine, slag and lead siphons for release from internal furnace melting liquid products, linked by canals with the inner mountain, and flue for removal of dust and gaseous products of fusion, in which the furnace hearth furnace in a shaft furnace is made below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row at a distance of 10-30 calibers lances of the bottom row, the code channel of the slag trap is made on 2-10 calibers lances of the bottom row below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, the threshold open drain slag siphon posted by 10-20 calibers lances of the bottom row above the plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, the set of channel lead of the siphon is made below the level of the bottom 2-5 calibers lances bottom row, lance top row is placed at a distance of 30-100 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row.

According to the variant of the proposed design Vanyukov furnace, shaft furnace is further provided with download the full chamber, posted by from the front side of the mine, and separated from her lower vertical caisson wall, the upper edge of which is placed on 10-20 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row and the bottom - 2-10 calibers lances of the bottom row below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row with the formation of the channel between the lower edge of the lower vertical caisson walls and the furnace hearth, and the upper vertical caisson wall, the upper edge of which is tightly adjacent to the end wall of the mine, the lower edge of the upper vertical caisson walls in the vertical plane forms with the upper edge of the lower vertical caisson walls of the channel height 40-60 caliber of bottom tuyeres series, and in the arch of the loading chamber made a boot device.

For the implementation of the restoration processing of the slag melt shaft furnace is further provided with a priming chamber for supplying slag melt is placed from the front side of the mine, and separated from it vertical caisson wall, installed in the end wall of the mine to the level of the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row with the formation of the channel between the lower edge of the partition and the furnace hearth and casting camera has filling window, performed at the level of 20-40 calibers fu is m of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row.

To reduce pylones due to natural dust return flue stoves are made vertical, the height component height 1-3 shaft furnace.

According to the variant of the proposed design Vanyukov furnace, Vanyukov furnace without loading chamber or oven Vanyukov bootable camera and Vanyukov furnace with priming chamber with a single stage furnace hearth and enclosed in a common frame with the formation of one unit, the slag trap Vanyukov furnace without loading chamber or Vanyukov furnace bootable camera directly adjacent to the priming chamber Vanyukov furnace.

In the proposed Vanyukov furnace can be performed using copper caisson elements, as in Vanyukov furnaces for the processing of sulphide copper raw materials, and can vary the fact that the tuyere caissons, tuyere bottom and top rows for feeding oxygen-containing blast, end caissons in height to the level of the tuyere caissons and partitions are made of copper water-cooled, the remaining wall and roof tiles made of steel water-cooled.

In this embodiment, the design Vanyukov furnace steel caissons can be performed using evaporative cooling.

For ongoing processing of lead raw materials sequentially in oxidizing and reducing conditions is the second use complex containing two Vanyukov furnace, and Vanyukov furnace with priming chamber installed below Vanyukov furnace without loading chamber or Vanyukov furnace bootable camera with spontaneous overflow of liquid slag chute from the slag siphon Vanyukov furnace without loading chamber or Vanyukov furnace bootable camera in the priming chamber Vanyukov furnace.

For ongoing processing of lead raw materials consistently in both oxidising and reducing conditions can also be used a complex containing two Vanyukov furnace, in which Vanyukov furnace without loading chamber or Vanyukov furnace with boot Luggage connected with Vanyukov furnace with priming chamber heated indoor channel for spontaneous overflow of liquid slag from the slag siphon Vanyukov furnace without loading chamber or Vanyukov furnace bootable camera in the priming chamber Vanyukov furnace.

Figure 1 shows the longitudinal and transverse (a-a) sections one zone Vanyukov furnace proposed design for the implementation of oxidative or reductive smelting of lead-containing materials.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal view of Vanyukov furnace with a feed chamber for supplying charge materials, including fine, on the surface of the bath melt when okislityelnoye lead raw materials.

Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section Vanyukov furnace with a priming chamber for restoration processing of the liquid lead slag.

Figure 4 shows a complex of two Vanyukov furnaces for consistent and continuous processing of lead materials in oxidizing and reducing conditions melting.

Figure 5 is given the image of a complex of two Vanyukov furnaces installed cascade, in which Vanyukov furnace for carrying out oxidative lead smelting raw material equipped with loading Luggage.

Figure 6 shows a longitudinal view of the dual-zone Vanyukov furnace with speed furnace hearth for the implementation of the redox recycling of lead raw materials.

Figure 7 shows the dual-zone Vanyukov furnace with a feed chamber for supplying to the surface of the bath of molten source of lead materials.

Vanyukov furnace of the proposed design (figure 1) equipped with placed in the arch of the furnace 1 boot device 2 for feeding mixture, solid fuel and reductant (coal) to mix oxygen-containing blast slag bath melting chamber 3. Tuyere bottom row 4 for supplying oxygen-containing bubbles in the melt is installed in the side walls of the melting chamber at a height of 10-30 calibers lances of the bottom row from the bottom 5. The set of channel 6 of the slag trap 7 is designed for 2-10 calibro the lances of the bottom row below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row. The threshold open drain 8 slag siphon posted by 10-20 calibers lances of the bottom row above the plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row. The set of channel 9 lead siphon is made below the level of the bottom 2-5 calibers lances of the bottom row. Lance top row 10 is placed at a distance of 30-100 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row. The duct 11 for removal of dust and gaseous products of fusion are placed in the furnace roof.

To reduce mechanical pylones small fraction of blended materials Vanyukov furnace (figure 2) is provided with a loading chamber 12, is placed on the opposite slag siphon end side of the melting chamber. In the upper part of the loading chamber is made from the upper vertical caisson wall 13. The upper edge of the upper vertical walls tightly attached to the end wall of the mine, and its lower edge in a vertical plane forms with the upper edge of the lower vertical caisson walls 14 of the upper peredachny channel 15. Due to the presence of the upper vertical caisson walls are getting smaller particles of the charge in podlogowe space melting chamber, dropping pylones and the probability of formation podlodowych wall accretions. In the vertical plane of the lower edge of the lower vertical partitions forming with the furnace hearth bottom lane is the exact channel 16. In the firmament of the loading chamber 17 is made boot device 18 for filing a charge of solid fuel and reductant.

Vanyukov furnace for recovery processing of the slag (figure 3) is further provided with a priming chamber 19 in which a slag trap Vanyukov furnace for oxidizing melting continuously or periodically (in case of insufficient flow) enters the slag melt pouring through the window 20. The filling chamber is situated on the opposite slag siphon end side of the furnace and separated from the melting chamber vertical caisson wall 21. The upper edge of the vertical caisson walls tightly adjoins the end wall of the mine, and its lower edge is placed at the level of the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row with the formation of the channel 22 between the lower edge of the partition and the furnace hearth. For heating of the slag at the small of his threads in the casting chamber can be installed in the heating burner.

The complex of two Vanyukov furnaces (figure 4), in which Vanyukov furnace 23 and the dispensing chamber 19 for recovery processing of the slag melt is installed below Vanyukov furnace 24 for oxidizing melting of raw materials (without loading chamber) with the spontaneous flow of the slag melt the chute 25 of the slag siphon 7 Vanyukov furnace 24 in the priming chamber p the Chi Vanyukov 23.

The complex of two established cascade Vanyukov furnaces (figure 5), in which Vanyukov furnace 26 bootable camera 12 for oxidative original lead smelting raw materials installed above Vanyukov furnace 23 and the dispensing chamber 19 for recovery processing of slag, which provides a continuous flow of slag melt the chute 25 of the slag siphon 7 Vanyukov furnace 26 in the priming chamber 19 of the second Vanyukov furnace.

Design dual-zone Vanyukov furnace in the form of a single unit (6), in which Vanyukov furnace 24 (without loading chamber) and Vanyukov furnace 23 and the dispensing chamber 19 is made with a single stage furnace hearth 27 and enclosed in a common frame. Slag siphon 7 Vanyukov furnace 24 is directly adjacent to the priming chamber Vanyukov furnace 23 with fusion drain open slag trap with molding box 20 priming chamber.

Option proposed design is also dual-zone Vanyukov furnace (7), in which one zone Vanyukov furnace 26 with a feed chamber 12 and Vanyukov furnace 23 and the dispensing chamber 19 is also made with a single stage furnace hearth 27 and the General framework in the form of a single dual-zone unit.

For the proposed method, oxygen-blown, fed into the slag melt at 5-20 calibers tuyeres above the surface of the metal lead in the number of the e 500-1500 nm ³per hour per 1 m³the slag melt is intensively stirred the entire volume of the slag melt to the border of the division lead and slag. Thus due to the oxidation of the fuel and sulphides of raw materials and intensive mixing in a fluid, the heated state is the entire volume of the slag bath, which prevents the formation of viscous intermediate layer. In the case of an interruption of the melting process or the conduct of its low modes for processing the charge, which lead to the formation of intermediate slag sulfide-metal layer, after the resumption of the process of melting is rapid mixing of the intermediate layer with a slag melt, the oxidation of intermetallic compounds and sulphides and dissolution thickened or hardened oxide phases of the intermediate layer. Served over a slag melt oxygen-containing blast at 30-80 calibers tuyeres above the surface of the slag melt (calculated on a relaxing bath of slag melt), oxidizes mechanically carried out batch particles and solid fuels, as well as the products of incomplete oxidation of the slag bath and volatile components. In the process of melting temperature of lead under the slag bath support is quite high - in the range of 700-1100°to prevent separation from him sulfide-metal phase, and temperatures of the slag also support high enough, within 900-1300°With, for intensive smelting process, but to avoid excessive fuming of lead and its compounds.

For the practical implementation of the proposed method in the proposed design Vanyukov furnace the furnace hearth furnace in a shaft furnace is made below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row at a distance of 10-30 calibers lances of the bottom row, which provides a supply of oxygen-containing blast when using the oven in the slag melt at 5-20 calibers lances of the bottom row above the surface of the metal lead, which level in the furnace is supported by a corresponding height of the drain threshold lead siphon. The height of the drain threshold lead siphon must be such that the height of the layer of slag melt below the plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row was enough to warm it up by stirring blast (20 calibers), but the metal layer without the need was not involved in the mixing of the blast, as it will lead to the oxidation of part of smelted lead and increase its losses with the slag (5 gauges). To prevent overlapping section of the channel slag siphon intermediate slag sulfide-metal layer code channel slag trap is made on 2-10 calibers lances of the bottom row below the horizontal plane of the lower tuyeres of a series that provides a reliable seal from the Coca unexamined charge-slag mass and oxygen-containing blast in the slag trap. The location of the threshold open drain slag siphon 10-20 calibers lances of the bottom row above the plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row is selected so that the height of the slag melt (calculated on a relaxing bath of slag) was sufficient for oxygen uptake blast at the reactions of combustion and oxidation of components of the charge (10), but was sufficient blend of solid fuel in the melt for its complete combustion (20 calibers). Final separation mechanically entrained slag fine drops of lead occurs in the slag trap, where moving to the threshold open drain slag melt is relatively calm, neprinesiem condition. Execution of the code channel lead siphon below the bottom 2-5 calibers lances of the bottom row provides smooth continuous production of metallic lead from the hearth of the furnace. Accommodation in the side walls of the shaft furnace tuyeres top row at a distance of 30-100 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row provides a supply of oxygen-containing blast at 30-80 calibers tuyeres above the surface of the slag (calculated on the calm surface of the slag bath) for complete combustion of the combustible components of dust and gaseous products of melting and to reduce the likelihood of formation of wall accretions of lead sulfide in the upper part of the Akhty and in the flue of the furnace.

With the purpose of deep sulfur removal from lead and prevent release of lead when it cools, the sulfide-metal phase, melting lead with a flow rate of oxygen-containing blast providing the oxidation part of lead sulfide mixture to oxide with getting lead slag containing 25-45% of lead by weight. This will get squared away on the sulfur content of crude lead (not more than 0,3-0,5%), and impurities such as arsenic, tin and antimony to a large extent transferred into the slag, which allows to simplify the subsequent refining of crude metal. When the lead content in the slag is less than 25% receive substandard draft lead containing more than 0.5% sulfur. When the lead content in the slag over 45% drops sharply direct rough metal smelting and increases the consumption of the reducing agent to the additional extraction of metal from slag in a subsequent reduction smelting.

The loading of the charge in the melting process can also be not intensively mixed oxygen-containing blast slag melt, where pereselennia batch particles, especially fine sulfide concentrates and circulating dust, can carry upward flow of generated gases, and on the calm surface of the bath of slag melt, which is a continuous circulating flow intensively exchange learning is conducted slag masses mix with oxygen-blown another part of the slag bath. This is a quick blend of fine particles of the charge in the deeper layers of the slag bath without the formation of mechanical Pilipinas.

The implementation of this method of processing of lead raw materials is achieved using Vanyukov furnace, mine which is further provided with a loading chamber, placed on the face side of the shaft and separated from her lower vertical caisson wall, the upper edge of which is placed on 10-20 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, the bottom edge is placed on 2-10 calibers lances of the bottom row below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row with the formation of the channel between the lower edge of the lower vertical caisson walls and the furnace hearth, and the upper vertical caisson wall, the upper edge of which is tightly adjacent to the end wall of the mine, the lower edge of the upper vertical caisson walls in the vertical plane forms with the upper edge of the lower vertical caisson walls of the channel height 40-60 caliber lances of the bottom row. With this arrangement, the furnace design elements between the melting and boot cameras occurs continuously circulating flow of the slag melt. Due to the absence of the upward gas flow in the loading chamber mechanical pylones NESN is insignificant and does not exceed 1-2% by weight of charge.

The smelting of oxidized lead raw materials or lead slag in solid or liquid state obtained in the above conditions, are in the recovery mode with the supply of reductant and fuel on the surface of the slag melt or slag melt with obtaining a dump on the lead content of the slag, containing 1-3% lead. Thus, the amount of oxygen in the oxygen-containing blast supplied into the slag melt is 0.6 to 0.9 from the amount of oxygen required for oxidation of the hydrocarbon reductant and fuel CO₂and H₂O. the Upper limit of the specified interval (0,9) due to the completeness of extraction of lead in crude metal, and the bottom (0,6) - selective recovery of lead oxides without passing the recovery of oxide compounds zinc and iron. The output for the lower limit (0,6) entails the increase of consumption of reducing agent and fuel in smelting, the increase in the volume of circulating dust due to accumulation of zinc.

For the implementation of the recovery processing of oxidized lead raw materials or solid lead slag may use furnaces to download the source materials on the surface of the mixed slag melt or through the loading chamber.

For the implementation of restorative treatment of liquid slag proposed furnace equipped with salivan the second camera, posted by from the front side shaft of the furnace and includes a vertical caisson wall, installed in the end wall of the mine to the level of the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row with the formation of the channel between the lower edge of the partition and the furnace hearth, filling the camera has a casting box, made at the level of 20-40 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row. The execution of the filling opening, the lower edge of which is placed at the level of 20-40 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, prevents leaking supplied slag melt from the furnace.

To implement the proposed method of processing of lead materials in the proposed design Vanyukov furnace flue to the flue is made vertical, the height component height 1-3 shaft furnace. This design prevents the build-up of volatile lead compounds (sublimates) and the formation wall accretions on the vertical walls of the flue, and the great height of the flue promotes the return (subsidence) of a significant part of sublimates into the slag bath due to a decrease in the dynamic pressure of the gas stream. This contributes to the stability of the technological process of melting, reducing the output lead sublimates and reduces the amount of circulating dust.

Pre is Lorena sequential processing of lead raw materials as the primary, and secondary, in the complex Vanyukov furnaces, including Vanyukov furnace installed sequentially on different levels, the first of which are oxidizing melting when downloading the source materials in a bath of slag melt or through loading the camera with nutritional the refining of lead and getting rich lead slag containing 25-45% lead by weight, spontaneously flowing in the chute or on the private heated channel in the priming chamber of the second Vanyukov furnace in which the melting is carried out with supply of reductant and fuel on the surface of the slag melt or slag melt and the amount of oxygen in oxygen-containing blast supplied to the melt, 0,6 to 0.9 from the amount of oxygen required for complete oxidation of the hydrocarbon reductant and fuel CO₂and H₂Oh, obtaining the dump slag containing 1-3% of lead by weight. For guaranteed afterburning to the final products of volatile and combustible components of the charge, and fuel the total amount of oxygen in the air supplied into the slag melt and above the slag melt, when the oxidation is applied, is not less than 1.0 from theoretically required for complete oxidation of sulfide sulfur lead of raw hydrocarbons to SO₂, CO₂and H₂O. When vosstanovit the Noah melting in the composition of the supplied reducing agent, fuel and slag is composed of a small amount of sulfide sulfur, so the formation of lead sulfide slightly. In this case, the oxidation is performed by applying an oxidizing blast through the tuyeres of the top row in Vanyukov furnace to a residual CO content in the exhaust gas is not less than 5%, and vertical flue of the furnace to complete oxidation of CO in the exhaust gas to CO₂.

Option constructive solutions for the implementation of the proposed method sequential processing of lead raw materials first in oxidizing and then reducing conditions is the implementation of Vanyukov furnace in the form of a single unit, when the proposed Vanyukov furnace without loading chamber or oven Vanyukov bootable camera and Vanyukov furnace with priming chamber of the furnace hearth and enclosed in a common frame, the slag trap Vanyukov furnace without loading chamber or Vanyukov furnace bootable camera directly adjacent to the priming chamber of the second Vanyukov furnace. Such design decisions for the implementation of the proposed method sequential redox recycling of lead raw materials ensure minimum loss of valuable items, reducing fuel consumption and reducing agent and the reduction of harmful emissions during smelting.

Proposed Vanyukov furnace for okiki the nutrient and restorative lead melts raw materials differ from those used at the present time, however, what tuyere caissons, tuyere bottom and top rows for feeding oxygen-containing blast, end caissons in height to the level of the tuyere caissons and partitions are made of copper water-cooled, as in the existing Vanyukov furnaces, and other wall and roof caissons steel water-cooled. In this case, is substantially simplified and reduced the price making greater part of the caisson elements of the furnace.

Variant designs Vanyukov furnaces, in which the steel wall and roof tiles made with the possibility of evaporative cooling. When using evaporative cooling in steel caissons formed vapor pressure of 0.8-1.6 MPa, thermal energy which can be used for process and domestic use.

An example of implementation of the proposed method using the proposed device.

In Vanyukov furnace proposed construction on the proposed method of loading of lead-containing mixture, solid fuel and reductant (coal) are continuously via the boot device to stir the blast slag melt or on the calm surface of the slag melt in the loading chamber. Through the tuyere bottom row while continuously served in the slag melt oxygen-containing blast, the amount of oxygen which is about who has the production of standard black lead, flowable slag and maintain appropriate temperature conditions of the heat. On caisson cooled walls and the lances of the bottom row is the formation of stable slag, which prevents destruction of structural elements of the furnace. The amount of air supplied to the melt (intensity), is selected such as to provide sufficiently rapid blend the components of the charge, fuel and reductant in the melt, but not to cause an increased entrainment of lead compounds with action that leads to the formation of large amounts of circulating dust smelting. A good supply of oxygen blown into the slag melt over the surface of metallic lead and its intensity allow to mix the entire volume of the bath of slag melt, which has continuously served the mixture and coal, but do not allow the pereokislenie smelted metallic lead, located in the hearth of the furnace. Intensive mixing in the melting process of the slag melt (in the tuyere zone) contributes to merge formed small droplets lead to larger, rapidly deposited from the mixed volume of the slag melt in Gorovoy part of the furnace (podfarbenu zone). In podgoreni area there is a selection of drops of black lead from the slag melt. Accumulated in the refractory-lined furnace PE and draft the lead continuously released through the drain threshold lead siphon. The slag melt is continuously supplied into the slag trap, separated by a partition from the melting chamber. Final separation mechanically entrained slag fine drops of lead occurs in the slag trap, where moving to the drain threshold slag is relatively calm, neprinesiem condition. High difference of densities of the metal lead and slag provides almost complete separation of metal-slag emulsion, minimizing mechanical losses lead from the slag. Thanks to that produced from the furnace slag contains lead in the form dissolved in the slag melt of oxide compounds. The value of the height of the slag melt (calculated on a relaxing bath in Vanyukov furnace is determined by the height of the drain threshold slag siphon above the plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row. The height of the lead bath in the furnace is determined by the level of the drain threshold lead siphon. At the fixed level of the drain of the threshold slag trap level drain threshold lead siphon set the height of the slag layer to the boundary of the separation of slag and lead podgoreni zone. Simultaneously with the filing of the charge, coal and oxygen-containing air through the tuyere bottom row through tuyeres top row serves oxygen-containing blast in an amount to provide complete combustion of the combustible components is now dust and gaseous products by melting to SO ₂, CO₂and H₂Oh, the oxidation of mechanically gone particle mixture, solid fuel and reductant, and the products of incomplete oxidation in the mixed slag bath and the volatile components.

Under oxidative mode of fusion, when the flow rate of oxygen-containing blast with excess ensures complete combustion of the combustible components of the charge and fuel up SO₂, CO₂and H₂O, impurities such as arsenic, tin and antimony to a large extent transferred into the slag, which allows to simplify the subsequent refining of crude metal.

When the recovery mode of the heat, when the flow rate of oxygen-containing blast does not provide complete combustion of the combustible components of the charge and the fuel to CO₂and H₂About to mix the slag bath, part of antimony, arsenic and tin recovered from oxide compounds and enters the resulting crude lead, which can be used to produce lead alloys, for example for the production of lead-acid batteries.

The temperature of the slag melt as the reductive and oxidative swimming trunks must be high enough to provide the necessary speed of chemical reactions, dissolution of flux and the formation of slag and lead melt, but not to cause unreasonable sublimation soy is ineni lead.

The temperature of the lead forge furnace parts must also be high enough so that when heat is not allocated intermetallic compounds forming the intermediate layer, but did not place excessive loss of lead from the slag.

Contained lead in raw silver and gold are extracted formed by the collector - draft lead, which drops in the zone of intensive mixing washed formed slag melt.

The output of process gases oxidising and reducing the bottoms to clean from dust carried out continuously, which greatly simplifies the operating conditions of the gas treatment equipment, and also reduces emissions of lead compounds and other toxic metals and to improve the environmental safety of production.

Exhaust gases Vanyukov furnace under oxidizing smelting of lead sulfide raw materials have a high content of sulphur dioxide (20-30%) and can be used to produce sulphuric acid.

Exhaust gases Vanyukov furnace during the reduction smelting contain virtually no sulfur dioxide, which simplifies the technology of their treatment and disposal.

Dust process gases oxidising and reducing heat entrained in the gas cleaning devices are returned for recycling in Vanyukov furnace in the blend.

Main indicators of arkticheskogo implementation.

On the pilot plant, including two consecutively located Vanyukov furnace, each area of 1.5 m²in the plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, refined lead concentrate, lead content of 56.5% and 500 g/t silver.

Recycled 3000 tonnes of concentrate. Tested different variants of the process parameters, the relative position of the components and elements of Vanyukov furnaces.

Received final slag containing not more than 2% lead. Removing the lead was 97,4%, silver - 97,5%.

1. The method of processing of lead raw materials, including smelting loading in the slag melt of lead-containing materials, fluxes, reducing agent, fuel, when the continuous supply of oxygen blown through the tuyeres into the slag melt and above the surface of the slag melt with receipt and release of molten metallic lead and slag melt, dust and gaseous products of melt, characterized in that the treatment of the oxygen-blown expose the entire volume of the slag melt in the feed area of oxygen blown into the slag melt, and oxygen-containing blast simultaneously served in the slag melt at 5-20 calibers tuyeres above the surface of the molten metallic lead in the number of 500-1500 nm³per hour per 1 m³slag and above the slag melt at 3080 calibers tuyere above it on the calm surface of the slag melt, as the temperature of the obtained metal lead support within 700-1100°and the resulting slag in the range 900-1300°C.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the melting lead with obtaining slag containing 25-45% lead by weight, and the total amount of oxygen in the oxygen-containing blast supplied into the slag melt and above the slag melt is not less than 1.0 from theoretically required for complete oxidation of sulfide sulfur lead of raw hydrocarbon reductant and fuel up SO₂, CO₂and H₂O.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag is subjected to melting with the supply of reductant and fuel on the surface of the slag melt or slag melt and the amount of oxygen in the oxygen-blowing average of 0.6 to 0.9 from the amount of oxygen required for oxidation of the hydrocarbon reductant and fuel CO₂and H₂Oh, obtaining the dump slag containing 1-3 % of lead by weight.

4. The method according to any of items 1 or 2, characterized in that the loading of lead-containing materials, fluxes, reducing agent and fuel are on the calm surface of the slag melt and create a continuous circulation of the slag melt between the feeding zone of the oxygen-containing blast in the slag melt and loading area cinecamera is their materials, fluxes, reductant and fuel.

5. Vanyukov furnace for the processing of lead raw materials containing frame, caisson shaft, lined interior furnace with the furnace hearth, coffered arch, boot device, tuyere bottom and top rows for feeding oxygen-containing blast in the lower and middle part of the shaft, placed in the side walls of the mine, slag and lead siphons for release from internal furnace melting liquid products, linked by canals with the inner mountain, and flue for removal of dust and gaseous products of melt, characterized in that the furnace hearth furnace in a shaft furnace is made below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row at a distance of 10-30 calibers lances of the bottom row the set of channel slag trap is made on 2-10 calibers lances of the bottom row below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, the threshold open drain slag siphon posted by 10-20 calibers lances of the bottom row above the plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, the set of channel lead of the siphon is made below the level of the bottom 2-5 calibers lances bottom row, lance top row is placed at a distance of 30-100 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row.

6. Vanyukov furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that the shaft of the furnace is further provided with a loading chamber, placed from the front side of the mine, and is separated is from her lower vertical caisson wall, the upper edge of which is placed on 10-20 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row and the bottom-2-10 calibers lances of the bottom row below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row with the formation of the channel between the lower edge of the lower vertical caisson walls and the furnace hearth, and the upper vertical caisson wall, the upper edge of which is firmly attached to the end wall of the mine, and the lower edge of the upper vertical caisson walls in the vertical plane forms with the upper edge of the lower vertical caisson walls of the channel height 40-60 caliber lances of the bottom row, and in the arch of the loading chamber made a boot device.

7. Vanyukov furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that the shaft of the furnace is further provided with a priming chamber for supplying slag melt is placed from the front side of the mine, and separated from it vertical caisson wall, installed in the end wall of the mine to the level of the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, with the formation of the channel between the lower edge of the partition and the furnace hearth, and priming the camera has a casting box, made at the level of 20-40 calibers lances of the bottom row above the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row.

8. Vanyukov furnace according to any one of pp.5-7, characterized in that the flue is ECI made vertical height, part 1-3-height shaft of the furnace.

9. Vanyukov furnace according to any one of pp.5-7, characterized in that the tuyere caissons, tuyere bottom and top rows for feeding oxygen-containing blast, end caissons in height to the level of the tuyere caissons and partitions are made of copper water-cooled, the remaining wall and roof tiles made of steel water-cooled.

10. Vanyukov furnace according to any one of pp.5-7, characterized in that the steel caissons performed using evaporative cooling.

11. Complex Vanyukov furnaces for the processing of lead raw materials containing Vanyukov furnace, characterized in that it contains Vanyukov furnace on pp.5-7, and Vanyukov furnace according to claim 7 posted below Vanyukov furnace according to claim 5 or 6, with the possibility of spontaneous overflow of slag melt the chute from the slag siphon Vanyukov furnace according to claim 5 or 6 in the priming chamber Vanyukov furnace according to claim 7.

12. Complex Vanyukov furnaces according to claim 11, characterized in that Vanyukov furnace on pp.5-7 is designed with a single stage furnace hearth and enclosed in a common frame with the formation of one unit, and the slag trap Vanyukov furnace according to claim 5 or 6 directly adjacent to the priming chamber Vanyukov furnace according to claim 7.

13. Complex Vanyukov furnaces for the processing of lead raw materials containing Vanyukov furnace, characterized in that it contains Vanyukov furnace is about pp.5-7, and Vanyukov furnace according to claim 5 or 6 is connected with Vanyukov furnace according to claim 7 heated indoor channel for spontaneous overflow of slag melt from the slag trap Vanyukov furnace according to claim 5 or 6 in the priming chamber Vanyukov furnace according to claim 7.