Method of preparing propping agent to perform hydraulic fracturing of formation |
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IPC classes for russian patent Method of preparing propping agent to perform hydraulic fracturing of formation (RU 2261847):
 Fluid for hydraulic fracturing of formation / 2257466
Fluid contains, wt %: industrial-grade powdered lignosulfonates 26.4-31.7, potassium chloride 4.9-5.9, aluminum sulfate 1.2-1.50, borax 0.4-0.5, formation water 40.3-44.7, and sweet water in proportion to formation water as 1:(1.98-1.99).
 Proppant preparation method and proppant / 2257465
Proppant used in oil production involving hydraulic fracturing of formation contains ceramic granules coated with novolac resins supplemented by catalytic aqueous urotropin solution in organosilicon emulsion. Proppant preparation method comprises preparing granules and coating them. The latter operation is carried out as follows. Granules are heated to 150-160°C, dry novolac resin and catalytic urotropin solution are added at stirring in two equal portions with respect to the weight of resin and urotropin. When dropping temperature achieves 95-100°C, organosilicon emulsion is added provide following proportions of ingredients: 5.0-8.0% of novolac resin, 1.5-3.0% of 33% urotropin solution, 0.1-0.3% of organosilicon emulsion, and ceramic granules - the rest. Granules are finally cooled. Organosilicon emulsion is prepared at emulsion-to-water ratio 1:10.
 Method of manufacturing high-strength ceramic granules / 2244695
Invention relates to manufacture of molded ceramic materials for use as propping agent in production of liquid and gaseous fluids from bored wells. Method comprises briquetting and heat treatment of aluminosilicates kaolin at 1150-1250оС. Resulting mix is ground to average grain size 3-5 μm and loaded into granulator. Before granulation, 1.2-3.0% mineralizer and 5-10% plasticizer are added. Mix is moistened with dozed amount of organic binder and stirred to form granules. At the end of granulation, fired ground material for powdering granules is added in amount 1.2-3.0%. Granules are dried and screened to isolate desired fraction, which is subjected to final firing at 1370-1450оС for 30-60 min and then re-screened into commercial fractions.
 Ceramic mass / 2259972
Invention relates to the composition of ceramic mass. Ceramic mass comprises light-melting clay raw, ground blast furnace ferromanganese granulated slag as a waste after cast iron smelting with the maximal size of particles 1.25 mm of the following composition, wt.-%: SiO2, 33-39; CaO, 39-42; MgO, 7-10; Al2O3, 7-10; MnO, 4-8; FeO, 0.2-0.3; S, 2.4-2.7, and the ground depleted iron-containing catalyst as a waste in manufacturing ammonia, being these components are taken in the following ratio, wt.-%: light-melting clay raw, 80-90; indicated blast furnace ferromanganese slag, 9.85-19.9, and indicated depleted iron-containing catalyst, 0.1-0.15. Invention can be used in manufacturing wall ceramics (slotted stones, among them building bricks). The proposed invention provides enhancing the compression strength, crack-resistance values in drying and improving the architecture image due to elimination of granules (tubercles) of granulated slag projecting on their surface and elimination of gray-green-like tint on color surface of articles.
Raw mixture for making facing ceramic tile / 2258684
Invention relates to manufacturing building ceramics and can be used in making facing tiles. The raw mixture for making facing ceramic tile comprises carbon enrichment rock treated at 570-600°C, clay and slurry fraction in enrichment waste of iron ores as a fusing agent that comprises the following components, wt.-%: SiO2, 42.45; Al2O3, 14.54; CaO, 14.88; MgO, 4.52; FeO, 8.06; Fe2O3, 9.46; SO3, 0.98; R2O, 3.25; MnO, 0.49; TiO2, 0.73, and P2O5, 0,64 in the following ratio of components, wt.-%: carbon enrichment rock treated at 570-600°C, 70-90; clay, 5-20, and slurry fraction in iron ores enrichment, 5-10. Invention provides reducing shrinkage deformations, water absorption of tile and energy consumption in its manufacturing.
Ceramic mass for production of acid-resistant substances / 2250884
Ceramic mass has the following composition, mass-%: clay portion of tailings of gravitation of zirconium-ilmenite ores, 40-60; pyrophyllite, 35-45 and dump overburden rock of gold field, 5-15. Ceramic mass thus prepared makes it possible to obtain acid-resistant agents possessing high frost resistance and low water absorption.
Ceramic mixture for manufacturing wall materials / 2250205
Ceramic mixture comprises 70-=90% clay and 10-30% cobalt concentration tails characterized by bulk density 900 kg/m3, density 2700 kg/m3, fire resistance 1200°C, mineralogic composition including orthoclase, quartz, carbonates, clay minerals, and ferrous compounds, and following chemical analysis, wt %: SiO2 32.72, Al2O3 9.33, Fe2O3 10.00, CaO 15.47, MgO 12.01, R2O 2.30, and calcination loss 17.80.
Integrated high-temperature heat-retention material "itom" and a method for manufacture thereof / 2246465
Invention concerns manufacture of articles for heat-retention of furnace units and power equipment operated at surface temperatures up to 1100°C. Invention provides charge mixture containing, wt %: swollen vermiculite 20-60, refractory clay or kaolin 37-55, electrofilter dust 1-20, chamotte fraction below 0.063 mm 1-30, and structure-forming polyelectrolyte 3-5 (above 100%). Charge is moistened to form mass, which is aged in closed space for at least 24 h, molded into crude article, dried to residual moisture at most 5%, and fired at 1000-1100°C. Aforesaid polyelectrolyte is characterized by having carboxyl, amide, nitrile, and ester groups in polymer molecule.
Integrated high-temperature heat-retention material "itom" and a method for manufacture thereof / 2246465
Invention concerns manufacture of articles for heat-retention of furnace units and power equipment operated at surface temperatures up to 1100°C. Invention provides charge mixture containing, wt %: swollen vermiculite 20-60, refractory clay or kaolin 37-55, electrofilter dust 1-20, chamotte fraction below 0.063 mm 1-30, and structure-forming polyelectrolyte 3-5 (above 100%). Charge is moistened to form mass, which is aged in closed space for at least 24 h, molded into crude article, dried to residual moisture at most 5%, and fired at 1000-1100°C. Aforesaid polyelectrolyte is characterized by having carboxyl, amide, nitrile, and ester groups in polymer molecule.
Ceramic mixture for manufacturing wall materials / 2250205
Ceramic mixture comprises 70-=90% clay and 10-30% cobalt concentration tails characterized by bulk density 900 kg/m3, density 2700 kg/m3, fire resistance 1200°C, mineralogic composition including orthoclase, quartz, carbonates, clay minerals, and ferrous compounds, and following chemical analysis, wt %: SiO2 32.72, Al2O3 9.33, Fe2O3 10.00, CaO 15.47, MgO 12.01, R2O 2.30, and calcination loss 17.80.
Ceramic mass for production of acid-resistant substances / 2250884
Ceramic mass has the following composition, mass-%: clay portion of tailings of gravitation of zirconium-ilmenite ores, 40-60; pyrophyllite, 35-45 and dump overburden rock of gold field, 5-15. Ceramic mass thus prepared makes it possible to obtain acid-resistant agents possessing high frost resistance and low water absorption.
Raw mixture for making facing ceramic tile / 2258684
Invention relates to manufacturing building ceramics and can be used in making facing tiles. The raw mixture for making facing ceramic tile comprises carbon enrichment rock treated at 570-600°C, clay and slurry fraction in enrichment waste of iron ores as a fusing agent that comprises the following components, wt.-%: SiO2, 42.45; Al2O3, 14.54; CaO, 14.88; MgO, 4.52; FeO, 8.06; Fe2O3, 9.46; SO3, 0.98; R2O, 3.25; MnO, 0.49; TiO2, 0.73, and P2O5, 0,64 in the following ratio of components, wt.-%: carbon enrichment rock treated at 570-600°C, 70-90; clay, 5-20, and slurry fraction in iron ores enrichment, 5-10. Invention provides reducing shrinkage deformations, water absorption of tile and energy consumption in its manufacturing.
Ceramic mass / 2259972
Invention relates to the composition of ceramic mass. Ceramic mass comprises light-melting clay raw, ground blast furnace ferromanganese granulated slag as a waste after cast iron smelting with the maximal size of particles 1.25 mm of the following composition, wt.-%: SiO2, 33-39; CaO, 39-42; MgO, 7-10; Al2O3, 7-10; MnO, 4-8; FeO, 0.2-0.3; S, 2.4-2.7, and the ground depleted iron-containing catalyst as a waste in manufacturing ammonia, being these components are taken in the following ratio, wt.-%: light-melting clay raw, 80-90; indicated blast furnace ferromanganese slag, 9.85-19.9, and indicated depleted iron-containing catalyst, 0.1-0.15. Invention can be used in manufacturing wall ceramics (slotted stones, among them building bricks). The proposed invention provides enhancing the compression strength, crack-resistance values in drying and improving the architecture image due to elimination of granules (tubercles) of granulated slag projecting on their surface and elimination of gray-green-like tint on color surface of articles.
 Method of preparing propping agent to perform hydraulic fracturing of formation / 2261847
In a method of preparing propping agent including grinding, hydration, molding, drying, and calcinations of raw material, the latter is natural bentonite clay containing more than 90% montmorillonite, molding of spherical granules of propping agent 200 to 400 μm and 420 to 850 μm in size involves spray drying technique and molding of granules more than 850 μm in size is accomplished using beading process, and calcinations is carried out at 600-650°C. Method is applicable for use in intensification of oil and gas inflow from producing beds.
Method of improvement of clay raw molding and drying properties / 2264364
The invention is pertaining to production of ceramic materials on the basis of clay raw and may be used, for example, for manufacture of an ordinary and facial building bricks, tiles, lining ceramic tiles, etc. The technical result is improvement of the molding properties of a ceramic mass and so increasing of the raw bricks crack resistance at drying, provision of a capability of a faultless self-acting charging and transportations of the dried semi-product. The method of improvement of molding and drying properties of the clay raw provides for addition of a technological mineral additive representing a rock consisting predominantly from minerals with the developed skeleton- cavernous porosity, drying at the temperature of 200-250°C within 2-4 hours for opening of a porous space, a comminution up to the dimensions less than 1 mm, a uniform distribution along the mass volume with the subsequent souring of the ceramic mass at the temperature of 30-40°C for no less than 24 hours.
Method of manufacture of wall ceramic articles / 2266267
Proposed method includes grinding of clay component, introduction of foam glass grits at size of grains of 0.1-5.0 mm preliminarily treated with water-repellent agent till obtaining of smooth surface, moistening and plasticizing, molding blanks by semi-dry method, drying and burning. Molding mass contains components at the following ratio, mass-%: water-repellent foam glass grits, 5-70; the remainder being clay component. Amount of water-repellent agent ranges from 0.1 to 10% of mass of grits. Molding of blanks by semi-dry molding method is performed at specific pressure of 4 Mpa. Waterproofed grits may be of egg-shaped or spherical form.
Method of manufacture of wall ceramic articles / 2266267
Proposed method includes grinding of clay component, introduction of foam glass grits at size of grains of 0.1-5.0 mm preliminarily treated with water-repellent agent till obtaining of smooth surface, moistening and plasticizing, molding blanks by semi-dry method, drying and burning. Molding mass contains components at the following ratio, mass-%: water-repellent foam glass grits, 5-70; the remainder being clay component. Amount of water-repellent agent ranges from 0.1 to 10% of mass of grits. Molding of blanks by semi-dry molding method is performed at specific pressure of 4 Mpa. Waterproofed grits may be of egg-shaped or spherical form.
Method of manufacture of building light-yellow ceramics and its composition / 2266878
Proposed method includes preparation of mineral additive, mixing this additive with clay, plastic molding of articles and burning. Additive is prepared according to slip process by grinding the clarifying component of additive with clay in the amount of 8-10% of mass of clarifying component; grinding is performed in ball mill to residue on sieve 0088 not exceeding 2-3%; then, hardening finely-dispersed component of additive is introduced into suspension. Slip thus obtained has density of 1.70-1.72 g/cm3. Slip is mixed with clay; part of clay is preliminarily dried to moisture content of 6-8%. Ceramic mass thus obtained is subjected to homogenization and aging for at least 24 h; burning is performed at temperature of 1020-1030°C. Marl at size of particles lesser than 2 mm and content of limestone no less than 75 mass-% is used as clarifying component and wollastonite concentrate at size of particles lesser than 0.063 mm and content of wollastonite no less than 80 mass-% is used as hardening finely-dispersed component.
Method of manufacturing high-strength ceramic granules / 2244695
Invention relates to manufacture of molded ceramic materials for use as propping agent in production of liquid and gaseous fluids from bored wells. Method comprises briquetting and heat treatment of aluminosilicates kaolin at 1150-1250оС. Resulting mix is ground to average grain size 3-5 μm and loaded into granulator. Before granulation, 1.2-3.0% mineralizer and 5-10% plasticizer are added. Mix is moistened with dozed amount of organic binder and stirred to form granules. At the end of granulation, fired ground material for powdering granules is added in amount 1.2-3.0%. Granules are dried and screened to isolate desired fraction, which is subjected to final firing at 1370-1450оС for 30-60 min and then re-screened into commercial fractions.
Proppant preparation method and proppant / 2257465
Proppant used in oil production involving hydraulic fracturing of formation contains ceramic granules coated with novolac resins supplemented by catalytic aqueous urotropin solution in organosilicon emulsion. Proppant preparation method comprises preparing granules and coating them. The latter operation is carried out as follows. Granules are heated to 150-160°C, dry novolac resin and catalytic urotropin solution are added at stirring in two equal portions with respect to the weight of resin and urotropin. When dropping temperature achieves 95-100°C, organosilicon emulsion is added provide following proportions of ingredients: 5.0-8.0% of novolac resin, 1.5-3.0% of 33% urotropin solution, 0.1-0.3% of organosilicon emulsion, and ceramic granules - the rest. Granules are finally cooled. Organosilicon emulsion is prepared at emulsion-to-water ratio 1:10.
Fluid for hydraulic fracturing of formation / 2257466
Fluid contains, wt %: industrial-grade powdered lignosulfonates 26.4-31.7, potassium chloride 4.9-5.9, aluminum sulfate 1.2-1.50, borax 0.4-0.5, formation water 40.3-44.7, and sweet water in proportion to formation water as 1:(1.98-1.99).
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FIELD: oil and gas production. SUBSTANCE: in a method of preparing propping agent including grinding, hydration, molding, drying, and calcinations of raw material, the latter is natural bentonite clay containing more than 90% montmorillonite, molding of spherical granules of propping agent 200 to 400 μm and 420 to 850 μm in size involves spray drying technique and molding of granules more than 850 μm in size is accomplished using beading process, and calcinations is carried out at 600-650°C. Method is applicable for use in intensification of oil and gas inflow from producing beds. EFFECT: reduced expenses of hydraulic fracturing of formation. 2 tbl
The invention relates to the field of stimulation of oil and gas from reservoirs, increase their production, in particular the production of propping agent (proppant) to conduct hydraulic fracturing. On the Western Siberian fields for enhanced recovery of oil is widely used hydraulic fracturing). By now, we have more than 25 thousand well-surgery, the average incremental oil per transaction exceeds 5 tons /Limketkai "the Results of application of technology re-fracturing at oil fields of OJSC "Surgutneftegas" - Sbtr. NGOs Drilling, 2001, issue 6, s/. Injection of proppants in the works fracturing is necessary to maintain the fractures in an open state. One of the key factors, along with the pressure and strength of the breed, are properties of the proppant. Known and most widespread wedge material for hydraulic fracturing is sieved quartz sand. Experimental studies conducted at the Institute Unicraft showed that silica sand for fixing cracks formed during fracturing, it is permissible to apply to the depth of about 2300 m For lying below this depth layers using such material may lead to the closure of cracks, to reduce the permeability of the reservoir is in due to the destruction of the sand /Yurchenko A.A., Gorlova Z.A. About the domestic use of quartz sand for the intensification of production from low-permeability reservoirs by a method of hydraulic fracturing. - M.: VNIIEM, Petroleum engineering, No. 1, 1998, pp.5-8/. In this case, for fixing cracks using artificially prepared propping agents. At the present time in Russia when conducting hydraulic fracturing using proppants foreign production with high cost. A method of producing artificial proppant of synthetic bauxite ore with a high content of aluminum, patented Exxon Production Research /US 4488599 A, EXXON PROD. RESEARCH, 18.12.1984/. Ore with a particle size of about 15 microns is formed in the ceramic balls with water and a binder. After drying and separation of the Sith it is burned in a furnace or synthesizer to melting of the edges, which increase each ball. The strength of the material is determined by the content in the ore, corundum, one of the most solid materials. Technological modes of production in the description are not given. Propping material obtained in this way is very expensive. More economical proppant may be obtained from natural bauxite ore in the same way. In addition to corundum these proppants include mullite, aluminum oxide low density. This material, p is Amnesty below, than bauxite, known as the JDP. Known proppants have high strength, resistance to corrosion, capable of providing good permeability during hydraulic fracturing, however, their high cost and scarcity makes the actual search and production of new materials for hydraulic fracturing. The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of repair and maintenance of wells in the frac. Technical result achieved is to develop a method of production budget proppant, which gives feedstock properties (specific gravity, strength, out-of-roundness, sphericity, the solubility of HCl, HF) meet the standards of the artificial propping agents for hydraulic fracturing. The solution of the problem and the technical result is ensured by the fact that in contrast to the known method of manufacture of a proppant, including grinding, hydration, molding, drying and calcination of raw materials in the proposed method as a feedstock use of natural bentonite clay content of more than 90% of montmorillonite, forming spherical proppant granules ranging in size from 200 to 450 microns and from 420 to 850 MK - method of spray drying and molding the pellets more than 850 MK carried out by the method of seaming, calcination takes place at a temperature of 600-650°C. The method is as follows. 1. Bento is itbuy clay is subjected to grinding in the jaw mill until the particle size of 1-5, see 2. Spend drying clay in a suitable dryer at a temperature of up to 200°C to a moisture content of 10-15% of the mass. 3. Spend hydration of the clay in water for 2 hours when the weight ratio of clay/water = 1:7 to 1:10. The hydration is carried out in two stages: within one hour at rest and during the next hours under conditions of mixing high-pressure pumps. 4. The resulting suspension is formed by a method of spray drying in a spherical granules to 850 μm. The average size of fractions and fractional composition of the particles is determined by the design of the spray nozzle at a temperature in the drying volume 100-110°C. 5. Further disperse the particles on the screen for removing unwanted fractions. Particle unnecessary fractional composition return to the previous stage (for hydration). 6. Produce the burning particles of proppant at a temperature of 600-650°C. At this temperature, the particles become non-porous, which prevents the phenomenon of reverse hydration of the clay. The firing is carried out in any suitable furnace, for example, in a rotary drum furnace. 7. For forming granules larger than 850 μm using the method of rolling balls on a special seaming machines-plates. The essence of the process, allowing you to get the proppant with the desired properties: theoretical formula of the structure of montmorillonite (OH)4 8Al4O2n (interlayer H2O), and theoretical composition without interlayer material - SiO2-66,7%; Al2O3-28,3; N2O-5%. It consists of different sized, extremely fine particles. A characteristic feature of the structure of montmorillonite is that water molecules and other polar liquids can enter the interlayer space, causing swelling. The distance between the elementary layers in the crystal lattice does not have a constant value and varies from 9.6 angstroms - in the complete absence of polar molecules between them to almost complete separation of the layers. When heated to 600-650°With the loss of hydroxyl water structure. After the resulting change in the structure of developing new crystalline phases that determine the emergence of new properties (specific gravity, strength, and others). The proposed method for the production of proppant differs from the known use in the course of another source of raw materials - natural bentonite clay and other process conditions. As a source of raw materials used natural clay that has the following mineralogical composition (determined by the method of x-ray phase analysis). The mineralogical composition of bentonite clay deposits Tagansky
The resulting proppant has the characteristics shown in the table that meet the standards of API (American petroleum Institute). Method of production of proppant for the hydraulic fracturing processes in the stimulation of oil and gas, including the grinding of the feedstock, its hydration, molding, drying and firing, characterized in that are used as feedstock natural bentonite clay content of montmorrilonite over 90%, to form spherical granules ranging in size from 200 to 400 microns and from 420 to 850 μm - method of spray drying and molding granules larger than 850 μm is realized by the method of seaming, calcination is carried out at a temperature of 600-650°C.
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