Fire-hazardous beds development method
 Method for gently sloping potash bed mining / 2253733Method involves delineating stall by excavations; mining stall stock by means of faces along with keeping crunches of existent excavations by auger towards crunches by cutting seam along the full thickness hc; performing cutting between stalls in crunch center after excavation destruction; drilling out potash salt seams with the use of stopping wells in direction to exhausted space, wherein drilling-out is performed for B=4hc width and distance between stopping wells Δ is equal to 3hc. |
 Method and device for controlling ceiling and preparing massive beds of mineral resources for extraction by removing them from massif below the ceiling / 2253017Method includes driving mines in front of cleaning face, processing ceiling and mineral resource by softening agents and extraction of it by cleaning combines with additional removal of mineral resource from below the ceiling. In massif below the ceiling shafts and mines are driven at maximal distance on basis of capabilities of used drilling equipment, not allowing during drilling fro processing massif below ceiling deviation from it until contact with surface by face-adjacent ceiling, supported by cleaning combine support, and distance between following driven mines is doubled, which mines are necessary for displacement of drilling equipment and equipment for feeding softening agent into wells. After finishing its pumping these wells and mines are used through connections in shafts with removing pipeline for extracting methane and degassing mineral resources. Stack of mineral resource unprocessed by softening agent has value of no more than one-two steps of extraction of coal bands along whole length of cleaning face, and the very removal of mineral resources from massif is performed in portions along whole length of mineral resource no more than 2-3 thicknesses f cutting bands of mineral resource. Device for cutting massif includes sections of mechanized support, containing base, connected to spreader posts, extending executive tool. Combine support on the side of cave-in between back posts has wedge-shaped cutting posts, hydraulically connected to back posts. Cutting posts are provided with individual means for controlling feed and draining of hydraulic liquid. Cutting posts have devices, forming in case of their spreading vibration of hydraulic liquid sent to them. |
 Method for open extraction of sloping and steep-dipping deposits / 2253015Method includes opening deposit of mineral resource along its length, extraction of opened rocks in shelves, forming on one of the portions of deposit of forward extracted space reaching planned bottom, moving rocks to external dumps and into extracted space, processing and transporting of mineral resource. Deposit extraction is performed in two directions - perpendicularly to length of deposit with deepening and along length to quarry bottom, while volume of extraction of mineral resource along length is increased and volume of extraction of resources perpendicularly to length is proportionally decreased. |
 Method for extraction of massive steep coal beds prone to spontaneous ignition / 2253014Method includes separating bed on levels by driving level drifts, driving sublevel drifts, separating levels on sublevels, extraction of mineral resource in sublevels by hydraulic monitors, transporting caved-in enveloping rocks to extracted space of lower sublevels. Extraction of bed is performed without leaving of any coal blocks between extracted spaces of adjacent levels. During extraction of lower sublevel, adjacent to upper boundary of even lower level, extracted space is filled within limits of current sublevel with empty rocks, while slanting height of backfill massif is taken to be greater than 0.6 horizontal bed massiveness. Slanting height of lower sublevel is taken to be greater than slanting height of backfill massif. |
 Method for complex extraction of coal bed / 2251000Method includes drilling a system of hydraulically connected wells, directed and horizontal, cased and not cased along coal bed. Hydrodynamic and fire effect on coal bed is performed through these. Gassing and degassing processes for coal bed are performed serially via a system of hydraulically connected wells. In that case degassing process is performed by thermal treatment of channels of coal by counter-flow displacement of burning source after combustion of coal bed in one of wells. Then neutral gas is forced into system of hydraulically connected wells, ignited zone is quenched and coal methane is extracted from several wells, equipped for degassing. Gassing process is performed via repeated combustion through specially drilled vertical well and forcing flow into directed cased wells. Formed combustible gas is drained through directed non-cased wells in direction by normal lines from horizontal transverse well. |
 Dredge transporting equipment / 2250995Device has screw, having transporting spiral ribbon held on the shaft. Equipment is provided with U-shaped chute and perforated drum with armature in form of screw ribbon, having curvilinear shape in cross-section, arched in the direction of movement. Drum is mounted in upper portion of U-shaped chute. In its lower portion a screw is mounted. |
 Method for open extraction of mineral resources deposits / 2249698Method includes extracting quarry to planned depth by ore and rocks extraction by displacement of shelves along horizons with transferring to crushing plants, crushing rocks and then delivering them by lifting device to the surface, during extraction of quarry to planned depth at first stage during construction of board at the end of quarry in zone of decrease of power of deposit in stable rocks conveyer rope system is constructed, connected to hoisting machine, to bed with recesses, allowing to raise crushed material to large height at steep angle and with deepening of mining and displacement of crushers to lower horizons conveyer system is extended to provide for optimal transport shoulder for gathering vehicles. |
 Method for open extraction of mineral resources deposits / 2249697Method includes extraction of quarry to planned depth with use of quarry ore chutes with accumulating bunkers, cutting ore chutes with deepening of mining in quarry, crushing ore blocks and pieces from face from bunker walls by explosives, loading ore to railway vehicles, cutting and shutting upper portion of ore chutes at each level when mining approaches there is performed by division on beds and semi-shelves with charges in wells, providing for crushing of rock to needed dimensions and safety of mine walls, and further decrease of pieces size and increasing efficiency of ore chute operation by excluding ore suspension is achieved by use of crushing assembly in form of bowl with plate at base, working as anvil under layer of rock, from where ore mass is self-propelled to bunker, and from there by feeder is sent to crusher and further through intermediate conveyer to main conveyer. |
 Method for extraction of mineral resources deposits / 2249696Method includes extraction of mineral resource by underground mine method in liquid environment, under protection of water-resistant rock massif. Full flooding of auxiliary extracting and preparatory mines is performed, which provide for start of wiping operations, with working liquid, neutral relatively to mineral resource and enveloping rocks and being under pressure, matching value of pressure at depth of mine. Process of removal of separated rock beyond underground flooded space is synchronized with replenishment of working liquid volume in this space. Working liquid pressure can be formed by effecting it with force liquid, which is placed either in mine shaft, hydraulically connected to lower flooded auxiliary extracting mine, or in mine shaft and force column, placed on earth surface, above mine shaft, and hydraulically connected thereto. Required height of force liquid column is determined from mathematical expressions. After mineral resource extraction is finished within mine field, flooded extracted space is used for placement of toxic and non-toxic wastes of industries or strategic objects, while process of transfer of wastes or strategic objects into liquid environment is performed synchronously with removal of working liquid beyond flooded space in volume, equal to volume of transferred wastes or strategic objects. |
 Method for preparing fire-dangerous bed of mineral resource for extraction / 2249110Method includes driving mines, drilling saturation wells along mineral resource, pressurization thereof by pressurizing means, feeding of softening reagent under pressure and saturation of mineral resource massif. Additionally saturation wells are drilled at bed ceiling, pressurized and softening reagent is pumped therein with 1-2 day exposure after forcing of reagent into mineral resource massif. Well along ceiling are placed at an angle so that distance from pressurizing means location to line of contact of ceiling to mineral resource was not less than saturation radius, and distance between wells was not less than 2-3 saturation radiuses. Between saturation wells along bed ceiling additionally drilled are wells for explosive substance charges with slant for 15-20 degrees greater, than slant of saturation wells, while the distance between saturation wells in this case is increased to 3-4 saturation radiuses. For prior processing of mineral resource by softening reagent a mine is driven in front of cleaning operations front, from which on both sides along mineral resource bed wells are drilled for feeding softening reagent therein, and after end of processing and removal of pressurizing means mine is equipped with degassing pipes. |
 Method of joined development of oil and potassium deposits / 2244107Invention comprises following scheme. Oil is produced from producing wells. Potassium salts are extracted from mines and processed. Solutions are pumped into deep lying porous rock formations preliminarily revealed between oil-bearing and potassium formations. Those porous rock formations are chosen which are located below underlying stone salt. Pumping of solutions is effected through injecting wells until pressure drop in oil-bearing formation is compensated to a value sufficient to prevent deformation in potassium formations, this value being calculated using special math formula. Oil formation is then run while maintaining compensating pressure in chosen porous formation. |
 Method for extraction of massive coal bed / 2244127Method includes driving of layer transporting and ventilation mines along soil and ceiling of bed, in massive and in extracted space, cutting of cleaning mines in cross-section of bed at angle of 27°, mechanized delivery of coal along bed mines to coal furnaces and vertical dropping of coal to furnaces. Extraction of slanted transverse bed is performed along bed diagonals having direction to horizon at angle of 27°, to provide for free sliding of coal without degradation. Delivery of coal from cleaning mine placed at angle of 60° to layer mine, to back field mine is performed by self-delivery from any place of extraction field along layer mine, field coal-lowering mine and field slanting coal furnace, being at angle of 27° to horizon. Field slanted coal furnaces are placed at distance from one another along 20 m normal. Field coal mines in form of fans of three mines are connected on field slanted coal furnaces at distance of fan start from one another of 60 m with output of mines ends to each layer mine of group of three above-lying slanted-transverse layers for whole diagonal length of extraction field at distance between mines outputs along layer soil of 60 m. Ceiling of cleaning mines may be supported without load, utilizing mechanical traction on the side of ventilation furnaces for pressing moveable support tool to layer ceiling. |
 Method for rock-blasting at open-pit mining / 2244252Large-diameter single holes are replaced by a pair of divergent holes of a smaller diameter, in which one hole is always vertical, and the other one is inclined towards the bench; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced with a pair of divergent bundles of parallel converged holes, in which one bundle is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced with a pair of divergent holes of a smaller diameter, in which one hole is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench and positioned in the vertical plane parallel with the first one and distant from it by 1-2 hole diameters; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced by a pair of divergent bundles of parallel converging holes, in which one bundle is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench and positioned in the vertical plane parallel with the first one and distant from it by 1-2 hole diameters. |
 Method for extraction and underground use of coal, method for extraction of disturbed beds, undeground electric energy generator (variants), face scraper conveyor, weld pan for scraper conveyor, coupled chain for scraper conveyor, method for controlling a complex for unmanned coal extraction / 2244829Method for extraction and underground use of coal includes cleaning extraction and dumping of coal, fixing and controlling ceiling and transporting coal along face to drift. On the drift, in moveable generator, coal is pulverized for intensive burning with use of jets in water boiler firebox, where high temperature of steam is achieved (about 1400 C°), enough for decomposition of water on oxygen and hydrogen. These are separated, then oxygen is fed back to jets, and hydrogen is outputted along pipes and hoses in drifts and shaft. Variants of underground generator for realization of this method are provided. Also provided is method for extraction of disturbed coal beds by short faces. It includes extraction and dumping of coal on face conveyor, fixing of ceiling behind combine, moving conveyor line and support sections in direction of cleaning face displacement, control of ceiling with destruction and partial filling. Extraction of coal is performed in short curvilinear faces by long stripes along bed, in straight drive without forwarding drifts, with preservation and reuse of ventilation and conveyor drifts, equipped with mounting manipulator robots, with fixing behind combine by automatically operating support deflectors without unloading and displacing sections in area of coal extraction. Extraction and transporting of coal is performed by fast one-drum combine and curvilinear reloading conveyor, supplying coal to drift conveyor or immediately to underground gas or energy generator placed immediately on drift. Also proposed is face scraper conveyor for realization of said method, wherein pans are made with step along front face profile, greater, than along back one, while forming common line curved towards face with constant curvature. Also proposed is a method for controlling complex for unmanned coal extraction. |
|
Method for building halochambers / 2245699 Method involves tunneling horizontal level working with heading machine on earth surface in the base of old salt spoil heap of salt mine. Steel arch support is used for strengthening the level working. The arches are mounted 1 m far from each other. Pit props and cappings of neighboring arches are connected with ties. Lagging of roof and sides of the working is carried out and dressed space is filled with rubble of lick salt pieces. Then, perforated tubes are laid in soil and covered with crushed salt. Halochamber air is saturated with salt particles by pumping air through the tubes to make sodium chloride concentration in the halochamber air be not less than 0.5 mg/m3. |
 Method for controlling ceiling in lava during extraction of gas-bearing coal beds / 2246006Method includes determining gas potential of extracted bed in limits of extraction area and monitoring of relative gas-escape from extracted bed and of extracted coal with withdrawal of lava from mounting chamber. Value of primary step of main ceiling destruction is set on basis of distance from mounting chamber to point of minimal gas-kinetic coefficient values closest to it, as which coefficient relation of relative gas-escape to bed gas potential bed is taken. Value of destruction step is determined from mathematical relation, considering distance from mounting chamber to closest point of said coefficient minimal values. It is possible to construct a graph of dependence of gas-kinetic coefficient from distance between face and mounting chamber. Portions of extraction field, wherein periodical changes of gas-kinetic coefficient are observed, are related to areas of geological irregularities influence. On basis of decrease of amplitude of maximal oscillations of gas-kinetic coefficient displacement of face to exit of geological irregularities area is detected, and on basis of increase - entrance therein. |
 Underground extraction method / 2246617Method includes use of screw-drilling machine for driving of several first ventilation shafts in ore body and driving several second shafts, while second and each second shaft crosses, at least, one matching first shaft, forming first support walls, supporting ceiling. First supporting ceilings consist of ore body zones between neighboring second shafts, each first support wall has portion of at least one first shaft, passing horizontally through it. Horizontal channels are formed, each of which is placed transversely to matching second shaft between appropriate portions of first shaft, formed in adjacent support walls, for forming of group of continuous ventilation shafts. Second shafts are filled for forming second supporting walls, supporting well ceiling, and first supporting walls are extracted. First ventilation shafts can be made parallel to each other. Second shafts may be directed perpendicularly relatively to first ventilation shafts. In ore body air-outlet and air-inlet ventilation mines can be formed, placed at distance from each other along horizontal line, while first or each first ventilation shaft passes through portion of ore body between air-inlet and air-outlet ventilation mines. Driving of second or each second shaft can be performed by cutting machine, or by drilling or explosive mining. |
 Method for controlling hard-destructible ceiling / 2246618Method includes partial filling of extracted space of side and central mains by filling stripes from lava extracting shafts. At center of semi-lava on the side of massive, wherein next extractive column will be cut, filling shaft is additionally driven, wherefrom full filling of space between central fill stripe and fill stripe on the side of massive is performed. Preparation of next extraction column is performed under protection of erected fill stripes. |
 Method for constructing artificial supports during extraction of steep beds / 2246619Method includes erection of rows of main platforms along bed length in staggered order with length equal or divisible by step value for support displacement, and placing filling material thereon. Along length of main platforms between ceiling and bed soil post support is mounted, upon which filling material is fed. After that between main platforms additional platforms are erected with wedge supporting, and main platforms are rotated counter-clockwise towards pneumatic support and it is displaced for one drive step. During that filling material, while lowering, unwedges wedge support between ceiling and bed soil and forms artificial supports. After that additional platforms are rotated counter-clockwise towards pneumatic support. After movement of cleaning face for two drive steps operations for constructing artificial supports are repeated. Distance between main platforms along bed fall line are selected from mathematical expression. |
 Method for open extraction of steep-falling deposits with internal dump-forming / 2246620Method includes dividing quarry on rows, of which first one is extracted to planned depth with external dump-forming, and extraction of following rows is performed with use of internal dump-forming, placing dug rocks to extracted space of adjacent row with common displacement of dump front with development of mining operations. Second and following rows of quarry are divided on basis of height on extraction levels, extraction of uppermost level is performed with placement of dug rocks in upper dump level of extracted space of adjacent row, using surface transporting communication lines, and during extraction of second extractive level dumping of dump level of inner dump is primarily performed by forming pioneer dump at longitudinal processed edge of quarry, on upper area of which transporting lines are placed and dumping of dump level is performed from there, with descent of mining operations in working area of extractive level profile of upper dump area is altered to provided necessary cargo communications of working horizons of extractive level to dump level, after extraction of extractive level remaining pioneer dump is dug to upper mark of following extractive level, and extraction of following extractive levels is performed analogically, using reformed upper area of pioneer dump. |
FIELD: mining industry, particularly for fire-hazardous mineral bed development.
SUBSTANCE: method involves provision of track and flank drifts, conveyer and vent drifts directed along extraction pillar from both sides thereof and split furnace; forming additional drifts with antipyrogen compositions over the full perimeter thereof and securing thereof with wooden supports; filling additional drifts in recessive order with fine coal particles previously treated with steam; sealing additional drifts with partitions spaced apart a distance equal to daily face advancing.
EFFECT: increased safety of mining works.
2 dwg
The invention relates to mining, namely to develop a coal fire coal and other minerals, and proper security measures in mining operations.
The method for preparation and testing of steep and inclined coal seams (application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 99114653, IPC E 21 41/18). The method includes conducting basic and intermediate crosscuts, reservoir and field ovens, stingrays and drifts with the division of the floor on poletai and their testing in descending order, according to the invention within a single excavation fields combine shipping and handling horizons, and a fresh supply of jet and the issuance of the outgoing jet of air from excavation units produce a standalone isolated from each other major and minor crosscuts and field drifts one business horizon with the subsequent issuance of outgoing air stream through the top early exhaust horizon, and the preparation of the layers and extraction units perform top-down split them fall on the group padati, including a group of podathey or layers of evocative crosscut working horizon pass down generation to the level of each group of substage, which connect between a group sublevel accumulating and ventilation drifts for p the following testing. For a seam, prone to spontaneous combustion, extraction unit periodically flooded with water, can withstand up to full cooling array coal and waste space, followed by pumping water and produce work on the excavation of coal. The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity caused by periodic flooding of the excavation unit, and a high probability of spontaneous combustion of coal after pumping water.
Known fireproof method of preparation of the extraction of pillars in shallow seams adopted for the prototype (Bykov SS, beetles, GV, Felting V.F., Grigor'ev A.P., Fireproof methods of preparation of the extraction of pillars in shallow seams, in Proc. of the Ways and means of preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in mines // Proceedings of VostNII, Kemerovo, 1988, s-81). The method includes the preparation of the mining post limit and flanking slopes and along the length of the post excavation on both sides of the conveyor and ventilation drifts and split oven. The disadvantage of this method is the high possibility of spontaneous combustion of coal in the period of sewage extraction.
The technical result of the invention is to improve the safety testing of the fire layers by reducing the likelihood of spontaneous combustion during the mining of coal.
The technical result is achieved that is the procedure of preparation of the fire layers, including track and flank slope, the length of the mining of the pillar on both sides of the conveyor and ventilation drifts and split furnace according to the invention when conducting paired with ventilation and auxiliary conveyor drifts around the perimeter handle antipyrene compositions, then fix wooden shield, and after conducting auxiliary drifts them retreating in order to sleep coal little thing before backfilling process steam, and in the process of filling the auxiliary seal drifts jumpers installed through the sites of length L, equal to the daily podvigina lava.
The application of the proposed method in comparison with the prototype will improve the safety testing of the fire layers by reducing the likelihood of spontaneous combustion during the mining of coal.
The method of preparation of the fire formations illustrated by the drawings - figure 1 shows a diagram of the testing of the reservoir, figure 2 shows a section a-a, zoom, where:
1 - jet array;
2 - collapsed space;
3 - conveyor drift;
4 - vent drift;
5 - track slope;
6 - wing bias;
7 - split furnace;
8 - auxiliary drifts;
9 - sealing jumper;
10 - direction grooves lava;
11 - wooden shoring;
12 - hougue is supplemented flax detail;
L is the distance between the sealing ridges, equal daily podvigina lava.
With the introduction of bestolkovoy technology of coal extraction and the use of once-through ventilation schemes on the coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion, increased endogenous pozharoopastnost excavation fields. Intense, samostirayuscheysya and flowing within a relatively short period of time, the process of fire is prepared over a long process of self-heating. Therefore, the influence of physical conditions affects primarily the self-heating process, and hence on the possibility of spontaneous combustion of coal. The possibility of spontaneous combustion is evaluated primarily on the intensity of air flow to the outcrops of the coal surfaces of the array. Possible reduction in fire hazard coal seam due to the isolation of the mining of the pillar sealed workings auxiliary drifts 8. Between the conveyor 3, the vent 4 and 8 auxiliary drifts left pillar, excluding spontaneous combustion due to the cooling of the coal passing a stream of air. To prevent spontaneous combustion of coal array 1 during the preparation of the extraction column auxiliary drifts 8 on the perimeter of the handle antipyrene compounds, such as proglem, gel or air-foam After conducting auxiliary drifts 8 fall asleep coal fines 12 in receding order, and before backfilling coal 12 steamed. Detail - aggregate fractions repulsed mineral particle size is less than the required minimum. Due to steam treatment in coal 12 clears the pores and increases the sorption capacity. This provides preliminary partial degassing reservoir due to the sorption of gases released from coal array 1 on coal 12. Due to the fact that in the auxiliary drifts 8 installed sealing jumper 9, isolation is provided coal array 1 from access of air, which reduces the probability of spontaneous combustion of coal. To ensure the most reliable insulation sealing jumper 9 establish through a distance L equal to the daily podvigina lava.
The method of preparation of the fire layers is implemented as follows, for example when developing a gentle coal seam. Coal array 1 hold track 5 and side 6 grades. On both sides of the mining of the pillar spend vent 4 and the conveyor 3 drifts, coupled with auxiliary drifts 8. In assisted drifts 8 around the perimeter handle antipyrene compositions such as gel or proglem, and fix wooden shield 11. Then in the backing of the ancillary drifts 8 fall asleep coal fines 12, the seat reservation steamed. When filling auxiliary drifts 8 share with duct jumpers on 9 plots of length L, equal to the daily podvigina lava. The mining of coal array 1 start with a split furnace 7 and lead in the direction 10 of the excavation face. Due to the fact that the auxiliary passage 8 is fixed wooden shield 11, you can use the system long poles along strike on bestolkovoy technology with application of shearing extraction. Wooden shield 11 is destroyed by the Executive body of the combine and do not create obstacles in stoping. As coal mining array 1 is formed collapsed space 2, zalivaeva after longwall pillar.
The application of this method of preparation of the fire layers provides the following advantages:
- improving the safety of mining operations;
- improved timing of mining blocks;
- reduction of loss of coal.
The method of preparation of the fire formations, including track and flank slope, the length of the mining of the pillar on both sides of the conveyor and ventilation drifts and split furnace, characterized in that when paired with ventilation and auxiliary conveyor drifts around the perimeter handle antipyrene compositions, then fix wooden the lining, moreover, after conducting auxiliary drifts them retreating in order to sleep coal little thing before backfilling process steam and in the process of filling the auxiliary seal drifts jumpers installed through the sites of length L, equal to the daily podvigina lava.