The polarizer

IPC classes for russian patent The polarizer (RU 2152634):

G02F1/13 - based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells

C09K19 - Liquid crystal materials

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(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to a light polarizers and can be used in flat panel LCD displays. In the manufacture of a polarizer using at least one dichroic dye in the form of organic and/or mixed salts of a dichroic anionic dye, and/or associate of a dichroic anionic dye with surface-active cationic or amphoteric surface-active substance, and/or associate of a dichroic cationic dye with a surface-active anion or amphoteric surface-active substance, and/or organic and/or mixed salts of a dichroic anionic dye polymer structure. The technical result - the polarizers can be both positive and negative type and have along with the high heat and humidity resistance is improved polarization characteristics, 10 C.p. f-crystals, 1 tab., 1 Il.

The invention relates to optics, in particular for light polarizers, which can be used in the production of liquid crystal indicators and displays.

The light polarizer that converts natural light into polarized, is one of the necessary elements in the file.

Currently used polarizers are oriented uniaxially stretching a polymer film, coloured throughout the mass compounds of iodine or dichroic dye. As the polymer used mainly polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or its derivatives.

The polarizers on the basis of iodine compounds have high light fastness and excellent polarization characteristics and are widely used in the production of liquid crystal indicators for screens, clocks, calculators, personal computers, etc.

At the same time iodine polarizers have low thermal stability and low resistance to moisture, which are expressed in a sharp decrease in polarization characteristics under the influence of these factors [1, L. Bolt, SPIE, 1981, Vol.307, p. 22-24].

Higher thermal stability and resistance to moisture have polarizers based on PVA, coloured dichroic dyes.

Thus, the known polarizer [2, U. S. Patent 5,007,942, 1991], which is a polymer film or plate containing the dyes of General formula (I);

where X represents-CN, -CF₃, halogen, R¹CONH-, -COOH, CONH₂, - CONHR^{the " radical, R¹, R²represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, which can be split O and/or S and Y, Y¹represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heterocyclic radical. As the polymer polarizer [2] use of Homo - or copolymers of PVA. Polarizer [2] provides a higher thermal stability in comparison with iodine polarizers, however, have a lower polarization characteristics.}

The closest in technical essence is a polarizer [3, EP 0530106 B1, 1996], which is a polymeric film, painted metal-containing dye of the formula (II) in the form of free acids or salts of lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, ethanolamine, allylamine and the like salts:

where Me is a metal of transition group (copper, Nickel, zinc and iron);
Z is hydrogen, C_1-4the alkyl, C_1-4alkoxy, sulfo or amino, which in turn may be unsubstituted or substituted;
Q is a residue of 1 - or 2-naphthol, which may be unsubstituted or substituted and may not contain or contain only additional unsubstituted or substituted, phenylazo or naphthylthiourea and in which hydroxyurethane with the transition metal Me, forming a complex;
if Q is the remainder of the naphthol containing no additional azo-group, T is unsubstituted or substituted naftilos group;
if Q is the remainder of the naphthol containing additional azo-group, T is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naftilos group.

Polarizer [3] has polarization characteristics, which are not inferior iodine polarizers, but far surpass them in terms of resistance to heat and moisture.

At the same time, it should be noted that used for the manufacture of polarizers dichroic dyes have a tendency to aggregation, which may be the cause of the heterogeneity of the properties of the polarizer [3] area. In addition, the formation within the polymer film of aggregates of dye molecules, resulting from processes of microcrystallization, leads to scattering, which in turn also affects the optical properties of the polarizer.

Another disadvantage of the used dye is uneven setting the dyes using the mixture of dyes, which creates certain technical problems in the manufacture naturalistichnymi dyes polymer films of highly effective polarizers, with high thermal stability and resistance to moisture.

The problem is solved through the use in the manufacture of polarizer at least one dichroic dye in the form of:
- organic salts dichroic anionic dye of General formula (III)
{Chromogen}(-XO⁰-M⁺)_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
X = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, OPO(O^-M⁺); n = 1-7;
M⁺= N-alkylpyridinium cation, N-alkylphenolic cation, N-alkylimidazole cation, N-alkylthiophene cation, etc.; OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂-NH₃⁺when m=1-9, RR'NH₂⁺, RR'R"NH⁺, RR'R"R^*N⁺, RR'R"R^*P⁺when R, R', R", R^*= CH₃, ClC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl; YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_m-CH₂CH₂Y = 0 or NH, m=0-5;
and/or unbalanced mixed salt dichroic anionic dye with different cations of General formula (IV)
(M₁⁺O^-X')_m{Chromogen} (-XO^-M⁺)_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system SUB>1⁺= H⁺; inorganic cation type NH₄⁺Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺Cs⁺, 1/2Mg⁺⁺, 1/2Ca⁺⁺, 1/2Ba⁺⁺, 1/3Fe⁺⁺⁺, 1/2Ni⁺⁺, 1/2Co⁺⁺and so on; organic cation type OH-(CH₂- CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂-NH₃⁺when m=1-9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH₂⁺; RR'R"NH⁺; RR'R"R^*N⁺; RR'R"R^*P⁺where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl of the type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂-, Y = 0 or NH, k= 0-10; heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene etc.;
and/or associate of a dichroic anionic dye with a surface-active cation and/or amphoteric surface-active substance of General formula (V)
(M⁺O^-X')_m{Chromogen} (XO^-SURFACTANT)_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
X, X' = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺); n = 1-4, m = 0-9;
M⁺= H⁺; inorganic cation type NH₄⁺Li⁺, Na^{the mini-cation type OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂- NH₃⁺when m=1-9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH₂⁺; RR'R"NH⁺;

RR'R"R^*N⁺; RR'R"R^*P⁺where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl of the type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅- C₁₀H₂₁C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂- where Y = 0 or NH, k=0-10; heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene and so on; K SAS⁺;

PAV = CATIONIC SURFACTANT⁺K SAS⁺Ampaw where: cationic surfactant⁺and K SAS⁺- surface-active cations, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant;

and/or associate of a dichroic cationic dye with a surface-active anion and/or amphoteric surface-active substance of General formula (VI):

(M⁺O^-X-)_n{Chromogen⁺} SURFACTANTS,

where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;

X = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺); n = 0-2;

M⁺- H⁺; inorganic cation type NH₄⁺Li⁺, Na⁺TO⁺Cs⁺, 1/2Mg⁺⁺, 1/2Ca⁺⁺, 1/2Ba⁺⁺, 1/3Fe^{+++₃⁺when m= 1-9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH₂⁺; RR'R"NH⁺; RR'R"R^*N⁺; RR'R"R^*P⁺where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl of the type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅- C₁₀H₂₁C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂where Y = 0 or NH, k=0-10; heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene etc.; cationic surfactant⁺(surface-active cation);

PAV = AS^-Ampaw where: ASAS^-- surface-active anion, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant;

and/or associate of a dichroic cationic dye with a surface-active anion and/or amphoteric surface-active substance of General formula (VII)

{Chromogen}-[Z-(CH₂)_p-X⁺RR'R"SAC]_n,

where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;

Z = SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂; p = 1-10;

X = N, P; R, R', R" = alkyl or substituted alkyl of the type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇; SAS = AS^-Ampaw where: ASAS^-- surface active salt dichroic anionic dye polymer of the structure of General formula (VIII):

(M₁⁺O^-X')_mq[{-Chromogen-L-}_q] (-XO^-M⁺)_nq

where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;

X, X' = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺);

L = (CH₂)₆C₆H₄C₆H₃G-C₆H₃G, C₆H₃G-Q - C₆H₃O when G = H, Hal, OH, NH₂, Alk and Q = O, S, NH, CH₂, CONH, SO₂, NH-CO-NH, CH=CH, N=N, CH=N, etc.;

For organic salts (M⁺= M₁⁺); n+m= 1-9; q = 10-50;

M⁺= organic cation type OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂- NH₃⁺when m=1-9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH₂⁺; RR'R"NH⁺; RR'R"R^*N⁺; RR'R"R^*P⁺where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl of the type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂-, Y = 0 or NH, k=0-10; heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene etc.;

For a mixed salt (M⁺M₁⁺): n = 1-9, m=1-9; q = 10-50;

M⁺, M₁⁺= H⁺; inorganic cation type NH<}, 1/2Co⁺⁺and so on; organic cation type OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂- NH₃⁺when m=1-9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH₂⁺; RR'R"NH⁺; RR'R"R^*N⁺; RR'R"R^*P⁺where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl of the type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k- CH₂CH₂-, Y = 0 or NH, k= 0-10; heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene etc.;

The ionic groups of the dye-X OM₁⁺; -XO^-M⁺; - X⁺RR'R" can be linked directly to the aromatic nucleus or through the bridge-Z-(CH₂)_p- where Z = SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂; p = 1-10.}

As a Chromogen can be used chromophore systems azo or metal-complex dyes of type (IX-XXIII) (see the end of the description).

These different Chromogens are only illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the possibility of using other chromophore systems (Chromogens) dye to a rich offer higher thermal stability and resistance to moisture has a polarizer, in which at least one dichroic dye forms at least one covalent bond with the macromolecule polymer substrate. The most preferred is the polarizer, in which the active group of the dye, forming a covalent bond with the polymer, is at the end of the dye molecules. As an active group can serve as chlorine or ftoroproizvodnykh Triazine or pyrimidine, vinylsulfonate, the remainder of ortho-phosphoric acid (Procion T), etc.

Thus, for the manufacture of the claimed polarizer can be used in one of the forms of type (III-VIII) almost all the dyes used in the present time, for the manufacture of polarizers.

So, for making one of the forms of type (III-VIII) at least one dichroic dye may be selected from among:
- stilinovich dye type (XXIII), described, for example, in the patent [2];
- azo - and metallocomplex dyes of the type described, for example, in patents [3], [EP 0626598 A2, 1994] or [U. S. patent 5318856, 1994];
direct dyes, for example, C. I. direct yellow 12, C. I. direct yellow 28, C. I, direct yellow 44, C. I. direct yellow 142, C. I. direct orange 6, C. I. direct orange 26, C. I. direct orange 39, C. I. right the ACLs 81, C. I. direct red 240, C. I. direct red 247, C. I. direct violet 9, C. I. direct violet 48, C. I. direct violet 51, C. I. direct blue I, C. I. direct blue 15, C. I. direct blue 71, C. I, direct blue 78, C. I. direct blue 98, C. I. direct blue 168, C. I. direct blue 202, C. I. direct brown 106, C. I. direct brown 223, C. I. direct green 85, and others;
- active dyes, for example, C. I. active yellow I, C. I. reactive red 1, C. I. reactive red 6, C. I. reactive red 14, C. I. reactive red 46, C. I. active purple I, C. I. active blue 4, C. I. active blue 9, C. I. active blue 10, and others;
acid dyes, for example, C. I. acid orange 63, C. I. acid red 85, C. I. acid red 144, C. I. acid red 152, C. I. acid brown 32, C. I. acid violet 50, C. I. acid blue 18, C. I. acid blue 44, C. I. acid blue 61, C. I. acid blue 102, C. I. acid black 21, acid bright red antrahinonovye NS, bright blue antrahinonovye (C. I. 61585), acid green antrahinonovye NS (C. I. 61580), acid bright green antrahinonovye NG and others;
- sulphonic acids polycyclic dyes, for example, symmetric and/or asymmetric derivatives of phenylimino and benzimidazole naphthalene-1,4,5,8-, perylene - and antention-3,4,9,10-those who dantron and so on,
- arylcarboxylic dyes, including heterocyclic derivatives of di - and triarylamines, tipirneni, Pironkova, acridine, oxazinone, casinovip, xanthene, azine stains, etc. dyes, for example, C. I. basic red 12, basic brown (C. I. 33500), C. I. basic black 7 and other

The dyes in the form (III-VIII) can be also used for the manufacture of polarizers in combination with inorganic salts dichroic dyes.

For transfer of the dye into one of the following forms (III-VIII) can be used several well-known methods.

One of the classic ways is consistent stepwise neutralization of dilute solutions of the corresponding carboxylic, phosphonic or sulfonic acids dichroic anionic dyes with different bases, which can be used metal hydroxide, aliphatic or heterocyclic amines or hydroxides Tetra-substituted ammonium cations:
{ Chromogen}(-XO^-H⁺)_n+ nM⁺OH^----> {Chromogen}(-XO^-M⁺)_n+ nH₂O or: {Chromogen} (-XO^-H⁺)_n+m+ nM⁺OH^----> (H⁺OX-)_m{ Chromogen} (-XO

+OH^----> (M₁^+-OX-)_m{Chromogen}(-XO^-M⁺)ⁿ+ mH²O
Used acid dyes pre-cleaned of mineral salts, for example, is washed with hydrochloric acid, followed by drying at 100^oC.

Another method to obtain is heated solutions of ammonium salts dichroic anionic dye with a calculated amount of the appropriate base at a temperature above 60^oC, at which the released ammonia is removed and the corresponding salt is formed:
{Chromogen}(-XO^-NH₄⁺)_n+ nM⁺OH^----> {Chromogen}(-XO^-M⁺)_n+ nNH₃+ nH₂O
In the case of lack of Foundation is formed corresponding mixed salt, which as one of the cation is ammonium. Can be also used regular exchange reactions of cations using ion exchange resin or membrane technologies.

The third is a more General method, suitable for asymmetric salts dichroic dyes containing organic cations, is the exchange of different ions using methods of membrane technology (the use of solutions of dichroic dyes:
(M₁^+-OX-)_m{ Chromogen} (-XO^-Na⁺)n + nM⁺X^----> (M₁^+-OX-)_m{Chromogen} (-XO^-M⁺)_n+ nNa⁺X^-
To obtain associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof can also be used similar methods.

One way is to neutralize the diluted solutions of the corresponding acid forms dichroic anionic dyes with aliphatic or heterocyclic amines or hydroxides Tetra-substituted ammonium cations containing as one of the Vice hydrocarbon radical with 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Used acid dyes pre-cleaned of mineral salts, for example, is washed with hydrochloric acid, followed by drying at 100^oC.

Another method to obtain is heated solutions of ammonium salts dichroic anionic dye with the appropriate surface-active bases at temperatures above 60^oC, at which the released ammonia is emitted and formed corresponding associate. Can be of takii.

The third method, suitable for receiving the associates of any of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof, consists in the exchange of different ions on the surface-active ions. The exchange can be carried out using methods of membrane technologies, which allow to carry out simultaneously and cleaning solutions associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof from extraneous inorganic and organic impurities. Introduction to the solution during membrane cleaning various types of chelating agents, such as trylon B or "crown ethers", allows you to get rid of multivalent cations (Ca, Mg, Cu, Al, and others), which can also be a cause of the formation of particulate matter and sediment.

For the manufacture of the claimed polarizer can be used in aqueous, aqueous-organic or organic solution of the corresponding dye (III-VII), which can optionally contain a dispersant or deflocculant, nonionic surfactants, girotropnye supplements from a number of amides, national, dicyandiamide, and mixtures thereof and mixtures of amides with glycols.

If necessary, when dyeing in the composition of the dye bath can be entered inorganic salts, which allow you to adjust the speed and choosing the dye polymer.

One of the ways to obtain polarizers based on asymmetric salts of dyes (IV) is a polymer treatment after dyeing with a solution of chloride of barium, calcium or magnesium. When this is obtained, for example, a polarizer containing a dye in the form (IV), where M⁺represents a cation of lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, ethanolamine, alkylamine, and M₁⁺- barium, calcium or magnesium.

The dye concentration in the dye bath is not critical and, depending on the requirements of the optical density of the polarizers may vary from 0.01 to 15%.

Temperature dyeing also is not critical and, depending on the dye, the dyeing is carried out at 20 - 80^oC.

As the polymer can be used based polymer, providing a transparent film or plate and having an affinity for the above-mentioned dye (III-VIII). Examples of that is pirta or vinyl acetate, where as co monomer may be ethylene, propylene, acrylic and/or CROTONALDEHYDE and/or maleic and/or methacrylic acid and/or their esters, etc.

The above options do not limit the possibility of using other polymer materials for the manufacture of the proposed polarizer.

The polymer can either be previously subjected to tensile and dyed by conventional methods [3], or the polymer dye in the mass, and then subjected to stretching in 6-10 times (see, for example, by the method described in [2]).

To improve the optical properties of the polarizer polymer after dyeing may be subjected to processing, such as in the case of [2] or [3], boric acid. The conditions depend on the type of polymer and dye and usually spend it in an aqueous solution of boric acid concentration of 1-15% at a temperature of 30-80^oC.

The obtained dyed and stretched polymer film or plate, if necessary, protect by laminating a well-known ways with polymer films, which can be used polyamide, polyester, fluorinated polyolefins, polycarbonate, di - and triacetate film, etc.

When the partially absorbed by the chromophore system of the dye. Thus passes only the light waves in which the direction of vibration of the electric component of the electromagnetic field perpendicular to the dipole moment of the optical transition (see drawing).

Should be noted that depending on the Chromogen used dye the claimed polarizer capable of polarization not only in the visible spectrum, but also in the UV region and near infrared region.

The use of fluorescent dye allows you to get a polarizer for enhanced brightness, color saturation and contrast of liquid crystal indicators and displays.

Depending on the nature of the counterion and the location of ionogenic groups in the molecule of the dye according to the present invention can be obtained polarizers or positive type (dipole moment of the optical transition is located along the long axis of the polymer chain) or negative type, when the dipole optical transition moment perpendicular to the long axis of the polymer chain.

The polarizer negative type can be obtained, for example, using organic or mixed salts (III-IV) containing karah length of the cation or surfactant molecules, associated with one molecule of dye perpendicular to the dipole moment of the optical transition, much superior to the long axis of the dye molecules. When dyeing salt molecule of dye (III-IV) or associate (V) will be placed in such a way that the cation or the surfactant molecule will be oriented along the polymer chain, whereas a molecule of the dye, and consequently, the dipole moment of the optical transition is perpendicular to the axis of the macroscopic orientation. That is implemented by the polarizer negative type, having compared with positive polarizer improved angular features that allows you to create liquid-crystal displays and displays with wide viewing angles and lack of shadows.

A significant difference between the claimed polarizer is used for its manufacture at least one dichroic dye in the form of salts (III, IV, VIII) and/or associates with the surfactant (V-VII).

The variation of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance in the molecule dichroic dye by means of the form (III - VIII) allows you to adjust the dyeing process, in particular, ensures uniformity of dyeing of the polymer, especially when using the mixture of colors is to improve the optical parameters of the polarizer.

The use of different counterions in the proposed forms of (III - VIII) dyes eliminates the formation of large particles resulting from the process of aggregation of the dye molecules and which is one of the causes scattering of light in the polarizer, which leads to deterioration of the polarization parameters. The aggregation processes can also serve the cause of poor orientation of the dye molecules with respect to the direction of extrusion of the polymer, which also reduces the order parameter and thus dichroic ratio and the polarization efficiency of the polarizer.

The use of dyes in the present form (III - VIII) allows you to adjust the aggregation and in some cases almost completely suppress it, which greatly improves the orientation of dye molecules relative to the polymer chains and thus improves the optical parameters.

The table below shows examples that show that the claimed polarizers have higher polarization characteristics, in particular, a higher dichroic ratio in comparison with the known polarizers.

In addition, tests showed that the optical parameters of the proposed polarizers do not change the using dichroic dyes in at least one of the above (III - VIII) allows you to:
to improve polarization characteristics and to create a highly efficient polarizer defect-free, including negative type, which has high thermal stability and resistance to moisture.

- get polarizers complex colors, including neutral gray polarizer, not inferior in the efficiency of the iodine polarizers based on PVA.

to expand the range of polymer materials and dyes, suitable for the manufacture of high-performance polarizers.

Sources of information taken into account when compiling
1. L. Bolt, SPIE, 1981, Vol. 307, p.22-24.

2. U. S. Patent 5,007,942, class D 06 P 5/00, F 21 V 9/14, C 09 K 19/00, publ. 1991.

3. EP 0530106 B1, CL G 02 B 5/30, G 02 B 1/08, C 09 B 45/24, publ. 1996.

4. EP 0626598 A2, class G 02 B 5/30, G 02 B 1/08, C 09 B 45/24, publ. 1994.

5. U. S. patent 5,318,856, class B 32 H 27/42, C 09 B 35/00, 428/524, 428/501, publ. 1994.

1. A polarizer comprising a polymer film or plate, coloured dichroic dye, characterized in that it contains at least one dichroic dye in the form of organic salts dichroic anionic dye of General formula
{Chromogen}(-XO^-M⁺)_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system In, N-alkylphenolic cation, N-alkylimidazole cation, N-alkylthiophene cation; OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂-NH⁺₃for m = 1 to 9, RR'NH⁺₂, RR'R"NH⁺, RR'R"R*N⁺, RR'R"R*P⁺when R, R', R", R* = CH₃, ClC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl; YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_m-CH₂CH₂Y = O or NH, m = 0 to 5,
and or unbalanced mixed salt dichroic anionic dye with different cations of General formula
(M₁⁺O^-X')_m{Chromogen}(-XO^-M⁺)_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
X, X' = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺);
n = 1 - 9,
m = 1 to 9;
M⁺M₁⁺M⁺, M₁⁺= H⁺inorganic cation type NH₄⁺Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺Cs⁺, 1/2Mg⁺⁺, 1/2Ca⁺⁺, 1/2Ba⁺⁺, 1/3Fe⁺⁺⁺, 1/2Ni⁺⁺, 1/2Co⁺⁺organic cation type OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂-NH⁺₃for m = 1 to 9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH⁺₂, RR'R"NH⁺, RR'R"R*N⁺, RR'R"R*P⁺where R, R', R", R* = alkyl or substituted ALK is B>6H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl; YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂Y = O or NH, k = 0 to 10, heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene,
and/or associate of a dichroic anionic dye with a surface-active cation and/or amphoteric surface-active substance of General formula
(M⁺O^-X')_m{Chromogen}(XO^-SURFACTANT)_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
X, X' = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺);
n = 1 to 4
m = 0 to 9;
M⁺= H⁺inorganic cation type NH₄⁺Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺Cs⁺, 1/2Mg⁺⁺, 1/2Ca⁺⁺, 1/2Ba⁺⁺, 1/3Fe⁺⁺, 1/2Ni⁺⁺, 1/2Co⁺⁺organic cation type OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂-NH⁺₃for m = 1 to 9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH⁺₂, RR'R"NH⁺, RR'R"R*N⁺, RR'R"R*P⁺where R, R', R", R* = alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅- C₁₀H₂₁C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl; YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂+;
PAV = CATIONIC SURFACTANT⁺, K SAS⁺Ampaw, where cationic surfactant⁺and K SAS⁺- surface-active cations, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant,
and/or associate of a dichroic cationic dye with a surface-active anion and/or amphoteric surface-active substance of General formula
(M⁺O^-X-)_n{Chromogen⁺}SURFACTANTS,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
X = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺);
n = 0 - 2;
M⁺= H⁺inorganic cation type NH₄⁺Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺Cs⁺, 1/2Mg⁺⁺, 1/2Ca⁺⁺, 1/2Ba⁺⁺, 1/3Fe⁺⁺⁺, 1/2Ni⁺⁺, 1/2Co⁺⁺organic cation type OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂-NH⁺₃for m = 1 to 9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH⁺₂, RR'R"NH⁺, RR'R"R*N⁺, RR'R"R*P⁺where R, R', R", R* = alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅- C₁₀H₂₁C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂where Y = O or NH, k = 0 to 10, heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-ALK is AB^-Ampaw, where AS^-- surface-active cation, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant;
and/or associate of a dichroic cationic dye with a surface-active anion and/or amphoteric surface-active substance of General formula
{Chromogen}-[Z-(CH₂)_p-X⁺RR'R"SAC]_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
Z = SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂;
p = 1 - 10;
X = N, P; R, R', R" = alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇;
PAV = AS^-Ampaw, where AS^-- a surface-active anion, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant;
n = 1 to 4
and/or organic and/or mixed salts of a dichroic anionic dye polymer of the structure of General formula
(M₁⁺O^-X')_mg[{-Chromogen-L-}_q](-XO^-M⁺)_nq,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
X, X' = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺);
L = (CH₂)₆C₆H₄C₆H₃G-C₆H₃G, C₆H₃G-Q-C₆H₃G when G = H, Hal, OH, NH₂, Alk and Q = O, S, NH, CH₂, CONH, SO₂, NH-CO-NH, th cation type OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂-NH⁺₃for m = 1 to 9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH⁺₂, RR'R"NH⁺, RR'R"R*N⁺, RR'R"R*P⁺where R, R', R", R* = alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂Y = O or NH, k = 0 to 10, heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene;
for a mixed salt (M⁺M₁⁺): n = 1 - 9, m = 1 to 9; q = 10 - 50;
M⁺M₁⁺= H⁺inorganic cation type NH₄⁺Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺Cs⁺, 1/2Mg⁺⁺, 1/2Ca⁺⁺, 1/2Ba⁺⁺, 1/3Fe⁺⁺⁺, 1/2Ni⁺⁺, 1/2Co⁺⁺organic cation type OH-(CH₂-CH₂O)_m-CH₂CH₂-NH⁺₃for m = 1 to 9, RNH₃⁺, RR'NH⁺₂, RR'R"NH⁺, RR'R"R*N⁺, RR'R"R*P⁺where R, R', R", R* = alkyl or substituted alkyl of the type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or heerlerheide, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene.

2. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that at least one of the ionic groups of the dye-X OM₁⁺, -XO^-M⁺, -X⁺RR'R" is linked directly to the aromatic nucleus of the Chromogen.

3. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that at least one of the ionic groups of the dye-X OM₁⁺, -XO^-M⁺, -X⁺RR'R" is connected with the Chromogen through the bridge-Z-(CH₂)_p- where Z = SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂p = 1 - 10.

4. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that at least one dichroic dye forms at least one covalent bond with the macromolecule polymer.

5. The polarizer on p. 4, characterized in that the active group of the dye, forming a covalent bond with the polymer, is at the end of the molecules of the dichroic dye.

6. The polarizer under item 1, wherein the Chromogen at least one dye is a chromophore system below azo or metal-complex dyes of the type














where Me is a metal pen sulfo-, hydroxy - or amino-, which, in turn, can be unsubstituted or substituted;
Q = single bond, O, S, NH, CH₂, CONH, SO₂, NH-CO-NH, CH=CH, N=N, CH= N;
A, B represents unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, nattily, heterocyclic radical, the remainder acetoacetanilide, the rest of the phenol or aniline, 1 - or 2-naphthol, 1 - or 2-naphtylamine, which may be unsubstituted or substituted and may not contain or may contain additional unsubstituted or substituted, phenylazo or naphthylthiourea, in the case of the metal complex dye is a remainder of 1 - or 2-naphthol, which may be unsubstituted or substituted and may not contain or may contain additional unsubstituted or substituted, phenylazo or naphthylthiourea, where the hydroxy-group is adjacent to the azo-group associated with the benzene nucleus containing Deputy G or G', and is associated with the transition metal Me, forming a complex;
A' represents A, A-N=N-, -CN, -CF₃, -NH₂, -OTHER, -NRR', -CONH₂, -CONHR, -COOH, -halogen, -OH, -OR, OCOR, RCONH-, -CONRR', -COOR, where R, R' represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, which can be split O and/or s

7. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that CI type


where Me is a metal of transition group;
G, G' represents hydrogen, halogen, C_1-4-alkyl, C_1-4-alkoxy, sulfo, hydroxy or amino, which, in turn, can be unsubstituted or substituted;
A' represents A, A-N=N-, -CN, -CF₃, -NH₂, -OTHER, -NRR', -CONH₂, -CONHR, -COOH, -halogen, -OH, -OR, OCOR, RCONH-, -CONRR', -COOR, where R, R' represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, which can be split O and/or s

A, B represents unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, nattily, heterocyclic radical, the remainder acetoacetanilide, the rest of the phenol or aniline, 1 - or 2-naphthol, 1 - or 2-naphtylamine, which may be unsubstituted or substituted and may not contain or may contain additional unsubstituted or substituted, phenylazo or naphthylthiourea, in the case of the metal complex dye is a remainder of 1 - or 2-naphthol, which may be unsubstituted or substituted and may not contain or may contain additional unsubstituted or substituted, phenylazo or naphthylthiourea, where the hydroxy-group is adjacent to the azo-group associated with the benzene nucleus containing Deputy G or G', and is associated with the least one dye is a chromophore system stilinovich dyes of the type


where Me is a metal of transition group;
G, G' represents hydrogen, halogen, C_1-4-alkyl, C_1-4-alkoxy, sulfo, hydroxy or amino, which, in turn, can be unsubstituted or substituted;
A' represents A, A-N=N-, -CN, -CF₃, -NH₂, -OTHER, -NRR', -CONH₂, -CONHR, -COOH, -halogen, -OH, -OR, OCOR, RCONH-, -CONRR', -COOR, where R, R' represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, which can be split O and/or S;
A, B represents unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, nattily, heterocyclic radical, the remainder acetoacetanilide, the rest of the phenol or aniline, 1 - or 2-naphthol, 1 - or 2-naphtylamine, which may be unsubstituted or substituted and may not contain or may contain additional unsubstituted or substituted, phenylazo or naphthylthiourea, in the case of the metal complex dye is a remainder of 1 - or 2-naphthol, which may be unsubstituted or substituted and may not contain or may contain additional unsubstituted or substituted, phenylazo or naphthylthiourea, where the hydroxy-group is adjacent to the azo-group associated with the benzene nucleus containing Deputy G or G', and is associated with perehera one dye is a chromophore system polymethine dyes of the type


where Ar = unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or heteroaryl.

10. The polarizer under item 1, wherein the Chromogen at least one dye is a chromophore system of the cationic dyes of the type


11. The polarizer under item 1, wherein the Chromogen at least one dye is a chromophore system derived 1,4,5,8-naftalin-, 3,4,9,10-perylene - 3,4,9,10-Antananarivo acids






where Me is a metal of transition group;
G represents hydrogen, halogen, C_1-4-alkyl, C_1-4-alkoxy, sulfo, hydroxy or amino, which, in turn, can be unsubstituted or substituted;
A, B represents unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, nattily, heterocyclic radical, the remainder acetoacetanilide, the rest of the phenol or aniline, 1 - or 2-naphthol, 1 - or 2-naphtylamine, which may be unsubstituted or substituted and may not contain or may contain additional unsubstituted or substituted, phenylazo or naphthylthiourea, in the case of the metal complex dye is a remainder of 1 - or 2-naphthol, which may be unsubstituted what does naphthylthiourea, where the hydroxy-group is adjacent to the azo-group associated with the benzene nucleus containing Deputy G, and is connected with the transition metal, forming a complex;
Q = single bond, O, S, NH, CH₂, CONH, SO₂, NH-CO-NH, CH=CH, N=N, CH= n