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Optical polarizer
Optical polarizer
IPC classes for russian patent Optical polarizer (RU 2140662):
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(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to optics, namely, optical polarizers, which can be used in the production of polarizing films and glasses. The technical result of the invention is the creation of high-defect-free optical polarizer based on a homogeneous polarizing coatings (PP), low conductivity (less than 10-10Ω-1cm-1). The problem is solved through the use in the manufacture of optical polarizer as at least one polarizing coating anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof. 22 C.p. f-crystals. 2 Il., table 1.

The invention relates to optics, and in particular to optical polarizers light, which can be used in the production of polarizing films and glass, including laminated to the automotive industry, construction and architecture. In addition, the inventive optical polarizers can also be used in natural light into polarized, are one of the essential elements of modern display devices liquid crystal (LCD), control systems and light blocking.

Currently used polarizers are oriented uniaxially stretching a polymer film dyed with organic dyes or compounds of iodine. As the polymer used mainly polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [1].

Polarizers based on PVA, stained with iodine, have a high polarization characteristics and are widely used in the production of liquid crystal indicators for screens, clocks, calculators, personal computers, etc.

At the same time, the high cost and low temperature resistance polarizers based on PVA is not used in the production of goods of mass consumption, in particular in the manufacture of laminated glass and film for the automotive industry, construction and architecture.

The analogue of the claimed optical polarizer is an optical polarizer, which is a substrate coated with a molecular oriented layer of dichroic material capable of images of the ideal of the true solution on the impervious surface of the substrate, which is pre-attached to the anisotropy due to mechanical rubbing by using different materials (leather, paper, fabric and other). During subsequent partial evaporation of the solvent solution of dichroic material passes through the nematic phase liquid crystal state, during which, under the influence of the anisotropy of the surface occurs orientation of the molecules of the dichroic material. During the evaporation of residual solvent under controlled conditions to prevent misorientation on the surface of the substrate is formed of molecular - based polarizing film consisting of parallel spaced and oriented in the same direction of the molecules of the dichroic substance, which were used dichroic dyes [2].

A similar type optical polarizer [3] represents a polarizing plate, which is made in the coating solution of certain azo-dyes in pre-grated surface of the substrate, followed by drying.

Optical polarizers [2] or [3] has a higher thermostability compared to the polarizer on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol, because molecular oriented Plaka, for example, glass.

The disadvantages of optical polarizers [2] or [3] should be attributed primarily to insufficient polarizing ability and low contrast, as well as the need for preliminary orientation of the substrate due to repeated rubbing whose implementation on an industrial scale presents significant complications.

The closest in technical essence is the optical polarizer, which is a substrate with a deposited thin film of ordered molecular layer of the dyes, which are sulfonic acids or inorganic salts of azo - and polycyclic compounds or mixtures thereof of General formula (I):
{Chromogen} (SO3M)n,
where; - Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
-M-H+Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+;
which are capable of forming a stable lyotropic liquid crystal phase, allowing you to get on their basis a stable lyotropic liquid crystals (AGV) and compositions on their basis [4].

For the manufacture of known optical polarizer [4] on the surface of the substrate is applied AGV dye with simultaneous mechanical orientation with PEFC is atacandolo layer of the dye - polarizing coating (PP), is able to polarize the light.

Optical polarizer [4] has along with the high heat and light resistance higher polarization efficiency compared with optical polarizers [2] or [3], as a way of orientation, based on the mechanical ordering AGV is a more efficient way to create a molecular arrangement of the dye in a nematic liquid-crystalline state, compared with the effect of surface anisotropy.

The disadvantages of polarizer [4] should be attributed to the relatively high conductivity, which is caused by the presence of mobile inorganic cations or protons. In this regard, the use of these polarizers [4] as internal for manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD) necessitates the use of additional protective layer over the internal polarizers, since otherwise there is a manifold increase in the energy consumption, which in turn reduces the life of the LCD.

In addition, the optical polarizer [4] has along with relatively low polarizing efficiency is about the use of additional layers to the orientation of the LCD.

Lack of polarizer [4] is also the heterogeneity of the properties of the polarizer on the area, due to the fact that used for manufacturing the polarizer AGV dyes containing as the main components of water, insufficient wettability of the surface and pronounced viscoelastic rheological properties, which are significantly more difficult to obtain homogeneous and, in particular, thin, less than 0.1 μm polarizing coatings;
It should also be noted that for manufacturing an optical polarizer [4] can be used only dyes, a feature of the chromophore system which is the ability to form stable Litronic liquid crystal phase.

The present invention is to provide high-defect-free optical polarizer based on a homogeneous polarizing coatings (PP), along with low elektroprovodnostju (less than 10-10Ω-1cm-1and adjustable capacity for orientation of the LCD.

The problem is solved through the use in the manufacture of optical polarizer as at least one polarizing coating ultamitely, containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof.

The above associates are essentially surface-active substances (surfactants), which, depending on the number of ionic groups, molar ratio and the type of surface-active ion molecule dichroic dye can act as a hydrophilic (polar) component, to perform the function of the hydrophobic parts of the surfactant.

For example, if there are two ionic groups in the molecule dichroic dye by condensation with one mol of surface-active ion is formed of the surface-active associate, in which the hydrophilic part is directly connected with one molecule of dye. When condensation dichroic dye with one ionogenic group with one mole of amphoteric surfactant is obtained associat, in which the dye molecule will be in the hydrophobic part. Below you will find various combinations of different types of dyes with different types of surface-active ions and substances. As a result of this condensation formed associates with the properties of the surfactant, the distinctive feature of which is sclerosis can be located both on the periphery, and within aggregates or micelles, which is of great importance for the orientation of the LCD in the LCD.

Upon reaching a certain concentration of the solution of these units are capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystal phase, which when applied to the surface of the substrate while simultaneously orienting the impact may be formed of an anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer, in which the plane of the chromophore systems of molecules of the dichroic dye and behind them the dipole moments of the optical transition of uniformly oriented relative to the direction, which can be either surface anisotropy, or the direction of the mechanical orientation or magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

As the dye of the inventive optical polarizer may contain dyes selected from the class of azo dyes, antrahinonovye, polycyclic (VAT), indigoids, polymethine, arylcarboxylic and other, related in turn to the category of direct, active, acid, metal complex, a cationic (basic), etc.

At least one dichroic dye may be selected from among dyes capable of forming stayedat at least one polarizing coating, representing anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer associates dichroic anionic dye or mixtures thereof with a surfactant to cationic and/or amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof of General formula (II):
(M+O-X')m[M+O-X' IS- (CH2)p-Z-]g{Chromogen}[-Z-(CH2)p- XO-PAV]f(XO-PAV)nwhere the Chromogen-chromophore system of the dye;
Z=SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH2;
p = 1=10;
f = 0 - 4; g = 0 to 9;
n = 0 to 4, m = 0 - 9,
n + f = 1 to 4; m + g = 0 - 9;
X, X' = CO, SO2, OSO2, PO(O-M+);
M = H; inorganic cation type NH4, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, im, etc.; organic cation of the type RNH3, RR'NH2; RR'R"NH; RR'R"R*N; RR'R"R*P where R, R', R", R*=alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH3, ClC2H4, HOC2H4C2H5- C10H21C6H5CH2substituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH2-CH2Y)k-CH2CH2-, Y = O or NH, k= 0 - 10; heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene and so on; K SAS+;
PAV = CATIONIC SURFACTANT+K SAS+Ampaw, where: K
At least one dichroic anionic dye may be selected from the range:
- dyes capable of forming a stable lyotropic liquid crystal phase, for example sulphonic acids derived indanthrene, sulphonic acids derived symmetric definitionid and bibenzimidazole naphthalene-1,4,5,8-, perylene - and antention-3,4,9,10-tetracosanoic acids, direct yellow lightfastness Of [4], etc.;
direct dyes, for example, benzopurpurin 4B (C. I. 448), C. I. direct orange 26, C. I. direct red 48 or 51, C. I. direct violet 88, C. I. direct blue 19 and other;
- active dyes (triazine, vinylsulfonate or Procion T), for example, C. I. reactive red I, C. I. active yellow I, C. I. active blue 4, and others;
acid dyes, for example, various derivatives bromamines acid, acid bright red antrahinonovye NS, bright blue antrahinonovye, acid green antrahinonovye NS, acid green antrahinonovye NG, C. I. acid red 138, C. I. acid yellow 135, C. I. acid red 87, C. I. acid black 1, and others;
- from a number of sulfonic acids polycyclic dyes, for example, asymmetric of phenylimino and benzimidazole naphthalene-1,4,5,8-, perylene - and antention-3,4,9,10 - lots on the basis of VAT dyes and pigments;
- fluorescent dyes.

The optical polarizer according to the invention may contain at least one polarizing coating representing anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer associates dichroic cationic dye or mixtures thereof with surface - active anions and/or amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof of General formula (III):
(M+O-X-)m[M+O-X' IS- (CH2)p-Z-]g{Chromogen+}PAV,
where Z = SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH2;
p = 1 - 10;
g = 0 - 1;
m = 0 - 1;
m + g = 1;
X = CO, SO2, OSO2, PO(O-M+);
M = H; inorganic cation type NH4, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, etc.; organic cation of the type RNH3, RR'NH2; RR'R"NH; RR'R"R*N; RR'R"R*P where R, R', R", R*= alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH3, ClC2H4, HOC2H4C2H5-C10H21C6H5CH2substituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH2-CH2Y)k-CH2CH2Y = O or NH, k=0 - 10; heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene etc.; cationic surfactant+(poverkhnostnoe surfactant.

The optical polarizer according to the invention may contain at least one polarizing coating representing anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer associates dichroic cationic dye or mixtures thereof with surface-active anions or mixtures thereof of General formula (IV):
{Chromogen}[-Z-(CH2)p-X+RR'R"PAV]n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
Z = SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH2;
p = 1-10;
X=N,P;
R, R', R" = alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH3, ClC2H4, HOC2H4C2H5C3H7;
PAV - AS-Ampaw where: ASAS-- surface-active anion, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant;
n=1-4.

In fact, at least one dichroic cationic dye may be selected from Radha:
- fluorescent dyes;
- polymethine (cyanine, hemocyanine etc.) dyes;
- kilkarney dyes;
- heterocyclic derivatives of di - and triarylamines (tipirneni, Pironkova, acridine, oxazinone, casinovip, xanthene, azine stains, etc., dyes).

To provide necessary is their optical polarizer further comprises a modifier, which can be hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic polymers of various types, including liquid crystal, silicone; plasticizers and varnishes, including silicon, and nonionic surfactants. The introduction of the modifier, which can be carried out both at the stage of education AGV phase, and by processing the obtained PP, can also reduce the scattering of light, which is possible due to the presence of microdefects in polarizing coating.

Feature associates based dichroic dyes with surface-active ions is the ability to increase due to the phenomenon of solubilization solubility in water and aqueous - organic media water-insoluble dyes, which allows to obtain an optical polarizer, in which at least one polarizing coating further comprises solubilising dichroic dye. Depending on the structure of the dipole moment of the optical transition solubilising dye can either be the same dipole moment of the optical transition of the associated dye or to be under a certain angle to it. It depends on the structure of surface-active is static polarizer is a substrate coated with at least one polarizing coating (PP), formed from associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof, which can provide a polarization not only in the visible part of the spectrum, but in the UV and near IR region. In the case of dichroic dyes with absorption only in the UV region, PP can be used as passedarray layers.

PP is an anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer, in which the plane of the chromophore systems of molecules of the dichroic dye and behind them the dipole moments of the optical transition of uniformly oriented relative to the direction which is set or surface anisotropy, or the direction of the mechanical orientation, or under the influence of electrostatic, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

The essential difference of the present invention is that the optical polarizer contains as at least one polarizing coating anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or their mixtures with creeley formed with surfactant associates, having the properties of surfactants, the distinctive feature of which is the propensity for aggregation with the formation of micelles (aggregates), including antomatically form. The molecules of the dichroic dye can be located both on the periphery and within aggregates or micelles.

In the case of an internal arrangement of the dye molecules on the surface of the anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer will be hydrocarbon radicals surfactants, which are good orientaton for liquid crystal. The variation patterns of the radical, you can change the orienting ability of PP, which is of great importance in the manufacture of LCD types.

The presence of an inactive organic ions in polarizing coatings of the inventive optical polarizer leads to low conductivity, which in turn reduces the energy consumption and thereby increases the service life of LCD devices.

Surface-active properties also provides good wetting and adhesion AGV compositions, when applied on the surface of the substrate after the drying of the obtained defect-free homogeneous PP, thickness not exceeding 5%.

In addition to the impact on the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of nature surfactant has a strong influence on the solubility of the complexes in different solvents, which in turn certainly affects the size of the aggregates and the formation of AGV phase.

Thus, the variation of the two factors - hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance and solubility associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof allows you to adjust how the process of education and type AGV phase. This in turn depends on the degree moleculesin on the surface of the substrate with the subsequent removal of solvent.

The principle of the proposed optical polarizer based on the fact that non-polarized light when passing through PP partly absorbed by the chromophore system of the dye. Through PP passes only the light waves in which the direction of vibration of the electric component of the electromagnetic field is perpendicular to the dipole moment of the optical transition (Fig. 1).

Use as a polarizing coating anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof allows to obtain an optical polarizer:
in which at least one polarizing coating consists of several fragments of arbitrary shape, which can vary the color and direction of the polarization vector;
- which is multilayered and contains at least two inflicted on each other polarizing coatings, each of which consists of several pieces of arbitrary shape, which can vary the color and direction of the polarization vector, the color and the direction of the polarization vector are different for this at all colorless or colored materials;
- which is between the substrate and the polarizing coating further comprises orienting layer that can be formed from inorganic materials, and on the basis of various polymers;
- which is between the substrate and at least one polarizing coating further comprises a diffuse reflective layer, which can serve simultaneously as a conductive layer.

which the substrate contains a birefringent plate or film, and polarizing coating formed at an angle of 45oto the main optical axis of the substrate.

Used for forming polarizing coatings associates are highly soluble not only in water and aqueous-organic solvents, but also in organic solvents, which is of great importance when applying a very thin anisotropic absorbing birefringent layers.

Application associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof for forming a polarizing coating in the manufacture of the inventive optical polarizer allows to use also kalachakrayana industry, and printing various types of equipment, including installation for flexographic printing.

With the help of associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof can be made of optical polarizers, which is a substrate coated with PP, consisting of several fragments of arbitrary shape, which can vary the color and direction of the polarization vector. That is, the polarization direction can be changed arbitrarily on the surface of the substrate, which allows you to get so polarized images with different polarization direction of each fragment.

For the manufacture of such optical polarizers can be used the following method: with printing (flexo, screen, high or deep) on the PP with a uniform direction of polarization vector put a picture in a layer of water-insoluble lacquer necessary forms. After curing lacquer unprotected layer PP washed with a suitable solvent (water or a mixture of water with an organic solvent). Then the substrate is again applied PP, which can vary the color and such is form, which leaves unprotected the previous figure. After curing, followed by washing with a solvent receive a polarizing figure in which the parts are different and the color and direction of the polarization vector.

Using different ways Multiroll printing can be multi-color polarizing figures by using the roll-to-roll".

Use instead of varnish, various adhesives allows to produce optical polarizer in the form of a self-adhesive polarizing films, as well as when applying a layer of glue on the PP in the form of a drawing and then migrate to receive optical polarizer on any surface that can be used in the production of LCD indicators with external polarizers, for different types of trademark protection, or to obtain various color effects, for example in advertising. In the manufacture of optical polarizer adhesive technologies is possible and the method of reverse transfer: applying a layer of glue necessary forms on the desired surface, the overlay film coated with PP on the adhesive and gap. With the film surface to the desired surface will leave a layer of PP, suitable only form of adhesive is at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof also allows you to implement technology layering PP. Thus, there can be obtained optical polarizers consisting of several inflicted on each other paragraphs, each of which consists of several pieces of arbitrary shape, which can vary the color and direction of the polarization vector.

Subsequent paragraphs of the same dye or another can be applied directly to the preceding paragraphs or intermediate layer of a transparent material, which may be either colorless or colored. When the direction of the polarization vector of the next paragraphs can vary arbitrarily with respect to the direction of the axes of polarization of the preceding paragraphs. This PP can be made from other materials, in particular on technology [2], [3] or [4].

Thus can be obtained an optical polarizer, which between paragraphs may further comprise layers of transparent colorless or colored materials.

When you rotate the plane of polarized light in an optical polarizer may occur enlightenment of some areas and staining other (in the case of monochromatic optical polarizers, in which different regions of the same color have a different direction of the polarization vector). In the case of the use of the coloured drawing (in the case when sections of different colors have the same direction of the polarization vector), or the gradual disappearance of areas of different colors, different direction of the polarization vector. In the case of multi-layered PP and especially with an intermediate transparent colored materials the number of options increases.

The above examples of optical polarizers are of interest when creating special color effects (advertising, show business), for the protection of trademarks and securities types of securities, etc.

For the formation of PP using concentrated solutions associates can also be used in the methods used to obtain polymer films, for example, cast extrusion, watering etc.

When the formation of the PP as an additional orienting effects can be used magnetic, electromagnetic and electrostatic fields, which can be used in cases where the application time is not limited to or for the manufacture of DPS are dilute solutions of organic salts dichroic anionic dye method [2].

The choice of method of application are also determined by the type of substrate, as cocoreccho or inorganic glass, silicate glass deposited semiconductor layer, the silicon wafer with a deposited layer of aluminum.

On the surface of the substrate before applying the PP can be formed orientation layer according to the technology used to apply orienting layers in the manufacture of liquid crystal cells [6].

Thus can be manufactured optical polarizer, which is between the substrate and the polarizing coating further comprises orienting layer, formed from inorganic materials, and on the basis of various polymers.

The surface of the substrate during formation of the PP can be also modified using a variety of substrates, including optically active, for example, diffuse reflective, birefringent or passedarray coatings. Thus obtained optical polarizer, characterized in that between the substrate and the polarizing coating additionally contains a diffuse reflecting layer, which can serve simultaneously as a conductive layer.

When using as a substrate a quarter-wave birefringent plate or film, such as polyvinyl alcohol of shotable circular polarizer (Fig.2, a and b - direction of ordinary and extraordinary rays, respectively, n is the direction of the polarization vector PP).

When forming the PP with the help of associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof on the polymer film (polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, triacetylcellulose, other transparent film materials can be obtained optical polarizers in the form of a flexible polarizing films, including self-adhesive.

In the manufacture of the inventive optical polarizer based associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof can also be used in various adhesives, including polyvinyl butyral, to obtain various kinds of laminated structures, such as laminated glass or laminated films, which is of interest for the automotive industry and architecture.

For the manufacture of the inventive optical polarizer can be used in aqueous, aqueous-organic and organic solutions dichroic anionic dye, which moga (for example, using evaporation or membrane ultrafiltration), or by dissolving the dry associate of the dye in an appropriate solvent (water, mixtures of water with alcohols, bipolar aprotic solvents of the type DMF or DMSO, cellosolve, ethyl acetate and other miscible with water solvents) to the required concentration.

Depending on the method of formation of PP using dye solutions with a concentration of 1-30%.

When using method [2] on the pre-grated in the desired direction, the surface of the substrate it is advisable to apply more dilute solutions, whereas the formation of PP without pre-polishing substrate using mechanical orientation according to the method of [4] use more concentrated solutions of dyes, including forming a stable lyotropic liquid crystal phase.

Also as in the case of inorganic salts [4] mechanical arrangement stable AGV compositions based associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof can be carried out under the action of forces which cause dermateaceae layer AGV, or when applying shear forces that can be carried out simultaneously with the application of the AGV on the surface of the substrate.

Orientation AGV on the surface of the substrate under the action of shear forces can be applied AGV using a Spinneret or squeegee, the latter may be a knife or cylindrical type.

Solutions associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof optionally may contain, in addition miscible with water and organic solvents, nonionic surfactants, binders, film forming agents, which can be used polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid and its esters, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycols, polypropylenglycol and their copolymers, ethyl and oxypropylene esters of cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.

In addition, to improve the stability of the solutions associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or their mixtures can Avina and its N-substituted derivatives, N-alkylpyridine, dicyandiamide, and mixtures thereof and mixtures of amides with glycols.

At the same time, high solubility in aqueous-organic mixtures with a high content of organic solvent or organic solvents, and the presence of structures of associates of surface - active ion can often eliminate the use of surfactants, since the composition for forming PP have high wettability of hydrophobic surfaces. In addition to the high solubility of the dyes can be used for forming PP more concentrated solutions, which enables to produce optically dense DPS with high polarization efficiency.

To obtain associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof can be used multiple methods.

One way is to neutralize the diluted solutions of the corresponding acid forms dichroic anionic dyes with aliphatic or heterocyclic amines or hydroxides Tetra-substituted ammonium cations containing as one of the deputies of Ugledar the salts, for example washed with hydrochloric acid, followed by drying at 100oC.

Another method to obtain is heated solutions of ammonium salts dichroic anionic dye with the appropriate surface-active bases at temperatures above 60oC, at which the released ammonia is emitted and formed corresponding associate. Can be also used regular exchange reactions of cations using ion exchange resin or membrane technologies.

The third is a more General method, suitable for receiving the associates of any of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof, consists in the exchange of different ions on the surface-active ions. The exchange can be carried out using methods of membrane technologies, which allow to carry out simultaneously and cleaning solutions associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface - active ions or mixtures thereof from extraneous inorganic and organic impurities. Introduction to the solution during membrane cleaning and the cations (Ca, Cu, Al, and others), which can also be a cause of the formation of particulate matter and sediment.

As can be seen from the table, the inventive optical polarizers based associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof have a low electrical conductivity in comparison with the known.

Sources of information taken into account in the preparation of the application:
1. Pat. USA 5,007,942, CL G 02 In 5/30, publ. 1991
2. Pat. USA 2,544,659; CL 350-148, publ. March 11, 1951

3. Pat. Japan 1-183602 (A), CL (G 02 B 5/30, G 02 In 1/08, publ. July 21, 1989

4. The PCT application WO 94/28073, class C 09 B 31/147, publ. 8 December 1994 - prototype
5. The application for the patent of the Russian Federation 95117403, CL G 02 IN 5/30; B 26 (1997), S. 239.

6. J. Cognard. Molecular Crystalls and Liquid Crystalls, 1, 1982.

1. Optical polarizer comprising a substrate and a deposited one or more polarizing coatings, characterized in that at least one polarizing coating is an anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-is she least one dichroic dye selected from a number of dyes, capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystal phase.

3. The optical polarizer according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizing coating is an anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic anionic dye or mixtures thereof with surface-active cations, and/or amphoteric surfactants, or mixtures thereof of General formula
(M+O-X2-)m[M+O-X'IS-(CH2)p-Z-)g{Chromogen}[-Z-(CH2)p-XO-PAV] f(XO-PAV)n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
-Z = SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH2;
p = 1 - 10;
f = 0 - 4;
g = 0 - 9;
n = 0 - 4;
m = 0 to 9;
n+f = 1 - 4;
m + g = 0 - 9;
X, X' = CO, SO2, OSO2, PO(O-M+);
M = H, not organic cation type NH4, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, etc., organic cation type PNH3, RR'NH2, RR'R"NH, RR'R"R*N, RR'R"R*P, where R, R', R", R*= alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH3, ClC2H4, HOC2H4C2H5-C10H21C6H5CH2substituted phenyl or heteroaryl,
YH-(the Oia, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene, etc. To', surfactants+;
-PAV = CATIONIC SURFACTANT+, K SAS+Ampaw, where cationic surfactant+and K SAS+- surface-active cations, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant.

4. The optical polarizer according to p. 3, characterized in that at least one dichroic anionic dye selected from a number of dyes capable of forming a stable lyotropic liquid crystal phase.

5. The optical polarizer according to p. 3, characterized in that at least one dichroic anionic dye selected from the class of direct dyes.

6. The optical polarizer according to p. 3, characterized in that at least one dichroic anionic dye selected from the class of active dyes.

7. The optical polarizer according to p. 3, characterized in that at least one dichroic anionic dye selected from the class of acid dyes.

8. The optical polarizer according to p. 3, characterized in that at least one dichroic anionic dye selected from a number of sulfonic acids polycyclic dyes.

9. The optical polarizer according to p. 3, characterized in that the congestion according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizing coating is an anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic cationic dye or mixtures thereof with surface-active anions, and/or amphoteric surfactants, or mixtures thereof of General formula
(M+O-X-)m[M+O-X-(CH2)p-Z-]g{Chromogen+} PAV,
where Z = SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH2;
p = 1 - 10;
g = 0 - 1;
m = 0 - 1;
m+g = 1;
X = CO, SO2, OSO2, PO(O-M+);
M = H, inorganic cation type NH4, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, etc., organic cation of the type RNH3, RR'NH2, RR'R"NH, RR'R"R*N, RR'R"R*P, where R, R', R", R*= alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH3, ClC2H4, HOC2H4C2H5-C10H21C6H5CH2substituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH2-CH2Y)k-CH2CH2Y = O or NH, k = 0 to 10, heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene etc., cationic surfactant+(surface-active cation);
PAV = AS-Ampaw, where AS-on isator according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizing coating is an anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic cationic dye or mixtures thereof with surface-active anions or mixtures thereof of General formula
{Chromogen}[-Z-(CH2)p-X+RR'R"PAV]n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
Z = SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH2;
p = 1 - 10;
X = N, P;
R, R', R" = alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH3, ClC2H4, HOC2H4C2H5C3H7;
PAV = AS-Ampaw, where AS-- surface-active anion, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant,
n = 1 - 2.

12. The optical polarizer according to p. 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one dichroic cationic dye is fluorescent.

13. The optical polarizer according to p. 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one dichroic cationic dye selected from the category of polymethine (cyanine, hemocyanine etc.) dyes.

14. The optical polarizer according to p. 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one dichro according to p. 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one dichroic cationic dye selected from the category of heterocyclic derivatives of di - and triarylamines (tipirneni, Pironkova, acridine, oxazinone, casinovip, xanthene, azine stains, etc.) dyes.

16. The optical polarizer according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizing coating further comprises a modifier, which can be hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic polymers of various types, including LCD, silicones, plasticizers and varnishes, including silicon, and nonionic surfactants.

17. The optical polarizer according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizing coating further comprises solubilising dye.

18. The optical polarizer according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizing coating consists of several fragments of arbitrary shape, which can vary the color and direction of the polarization vector.

19. The optical polarizer according to p. 1, characterized in that it is multi-layered and contains at least two Nani form, which can vary the color and direction of the polarization vector, the color and the direction of the polarization vector of the different layers may not be the same.

20. The optical polarizer according to p. 21, characterized in that between the polarizing coating further comprises layers of transparent colorless or colored materials.

21. The optical polarizer according to p. 1, characterized in that between the substrate and the polarizing coating further comprises orienting layer that can be formed from inorganic materials, and on the basis of various polymers.

22. The optical polarizer according to p. 1, characterized in that between the substrate and at least one polarizing coating further comprises a diffuse reflective layer, which can serve simultaneously as a conductive layer.

23. The optical polarizer according to p. 1, characterized in that the substrate contains a birefringent plate or film, and polarizing coating formed at an angle of 45oto the main optical axis of the substrate.

 

 
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