The polarizer |
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IPC classes for russian patent The polarizer (RU 2143128):
       
 Liquid crystal device / 2141683
The invention relates to the field of molecular electronics and can be used in optoelectronic devices
 The liquid crystal display element / 2140663
The invention relates to a display device, particularly to a liquid crystal cell, and can be used in the means of the indicator devices
 Optical polarizer / 2140662
The invention relates to optics, namely, optical polarizers, which can be used in the production of polarizing films and glasses
 Optical polarizer / 2140097
The invention relates to optics, and in particular to optical polarizers
 Plasma device for liquid crystal display / 2139560
 Lcd display / 2139559
The invention relates to a display device, particularly to a liquid crystal display (LCD) displays
 A liquid-crystal spatial-temporal light modulator for optical information processing / 2134440
The invention relates to the field of optical instrument, in particular for the construction sitopaladi liquid crystal-spatial light modulators for input and processing of optical information, such as holography and intracavity readout image
 Converter image / 2130631
The invention relates to the field of optoelectronics and may find application in devices for optical information processing
 Glass filter for welding / 2126548
Glass filter for welding / 2126548
 The polarizer / 2143125
Optical polarizer / 2140662
The invention relates to optics, namely, optical polarizers, which can be used in the production of polarizing films and glasses
Optical polarizer / 2140097
The invention relates to optics, and in particular to optical polarizers
 Optical polarizer / 2140094
The invention relates to optics, namely, optical polarizers, which can be used in liquid crystal displays, in the polarization glasses in cars and other vehicles, as well as in the glass for construction, lighting equipment, optical instruments
 Dichroic light polarizer / 2136025
 Dichroic polarizer / 2124746
 Organic dyes capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystal phase, for dichroic light polarizers / 2114884
The invention relates to organic dyes for dichroic light polarizers (DPS)
 Dichroic light polarizer and method of its manufacture / 2110818
The invention relates to a colour and neutral the dichroic light polarizers (DPS), based on organic dyes
 Two-beam polarization analyzer / 2108603
The invention relates to optical elements of the optical systems and instruments, in particular the polarization-optical, and more specifically to a polarizing prisms of anisotropic and isotropic materials
 Tunable color filter / 2095844
The invention relates to optical color filter, which can be used as an adapter for an optical film and a projection apparatus using a film or video cameras, as well as the projection of slides or films to change the coloring photographed or projected object in a wide range to suit individual needs
 Universal switched mirror / 2271027
Universal mirror has mirror, case, holder and radiation receiver. Assembly has at least two mirrors and at least one polarization filter and device for mounting mirrors in series into working position. Polarization filter is fixed onto at least one mirror. Assembly is made for installation of mirror without filter into working position, or at least one mirror with at least one polarization filter. Mirror being at working position provides ability of reflecting of incident radiation to radiation receiver.
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(57) Abstract: The invention relates to optics, namely, optical polarizers, which can be used in liquid crystal displays, including flat type lighting apparatus, in the optical instrumentation. The polarizer includes a tool for converting an incoming unpolarized light in a lot of identical light beams, the polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams having different polarization, means for changing polarization reflected from the polarizing means of light beams and reflecting means, guiding emerging from the polarizer light beams essentially the same direction. The polarizer is made in the form of at least one film or plate, these agents deposited on its surface; polarizing means includes at least one birefringent layer, the surface of which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the light beams. A means for changing polarization reflected from the polarizing means of light beams and reflecting means, guiding leaving p is onirovanie metal mirror, the surface which is essentially perpendicular to the axis of the light beams, thus polarizing means includes at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal or birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes. The result of the invention is to increase the degree of polarization emerging from the polarizer of the light while maintaining a high energy conversion efficiency unpolarized light into polarized, as well as simplifying the design of the polarizer. 17 C.p. f-crystals, 9 Il. The invention relates to optics, namely, optical polarizers, which can be used in liquid crystal displays, including flat type lighting equipment, optical instrument-making. Currently used dichroic polarizers type are oriented uniaxially stretching a polymer film, coloured throughout the mass dichroic organic dyes or compounds of iodine [1] . When an unpolarized light through a dichroic polarizer type [1] one linearly polarized component, the plane of oscillation of which is parallel to the axis of absorption, the practice is narisovannaya component, i.e. one in which the plane of oscillation is perpendicular to the absorption axis passes through the polarizer, having a significantly lower absorption. Thus, the polarization of the transmitted light. The disadvantage of this film dichroic polarizer type is that it uses not more than 50% of the energy of the incident light. Also known optical polarizers, "working" at the expense of other than dichroism, physical phenomena, for example, due to the different reflectivity of light having different polarization. Polarizers of this type are called reflective, they are phenomena of the linear polarized light as in the fall, and the reflected light beams from the surface of any dielectric materials under oblique angles close to the Brewster angle, and the normal (perpendicular to the surface) the fall, and the reflection light from the surface of the birefringent material. Improved polarizing properties can be achieved using multilayer structures reflective polarizers. Reflective polarizers can be described as layers of cholesteric liquid crystals, in the fall unpolarized light, to whom) is reflected from layer Kharkiv oil factory, being left circularly polarized. Known polarizer reflective type [2], including at least one birefringent layer, for example oriented uniaxially stretching a polymer film. The preferred example of execution of the polarizer, in which the birefringent layers alternate with optically isotropic layers. In the fall unpolarized light on such a reflective polarizer type one linearly polarized component of the light is substantially reflected, and the other passes through the polarizer. Thus, the polarization of passing or reflected light. A disadvantage of the known polarizer reflective type [2] is that it uses no more than 50% of the energy of the incident light. The analogue of the claimed polarizer can be used as a source of circularly polarized radiation and a projection system [3]. This source of circularly polarized radiation includes at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal (Kharkiv oil factory), a mirror and a source of unpolarized radiation, located between the mirror layer and Kharkiv oil factory. The layer of cholesteric liquid crianna light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, having different polarization. In the fall unpolarized light layer Kharkiv oil factory one circularly polarized light component (for example, right) passes through the layer of Kharkiv oil factory, and the other (left) is reflected from layer Kharkiv oil factory, staying left circularly polarized. When falling on the mirror of the left circularly polarized component is reflected, it becomes the right and also passes through the layer of Kharkiv oil factory. This source into polarized radiation becomes practically all the energy source is unpolarized radiation. The disadvantage of this source is that its design is three-dimensional, not flat, in the form of a film or plate. The closest in technical essence is a known polarizer [4] , which includes means for converting the incoming unpolarized light in a lot of identical light beams, the polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams having different polarization, means for changing polarization reflected from the polarizing means of light beams and reflecting means, guiding emerging from the polarizer light beams at substantially one and tomarasevaya passing and reflected light beams, having different polarization, includes a pair of dielectric surfaces, located at substantially oblique angles to the axis of the light beams (angles close to the Brewster angle), and a means for changing polarization includes a half-wave plate placed between said surfaces. In a known polarizer [4] reflecting means includes a pair of dielectric surfaces, located at substantially oblique angles to the axis of the light beams (angle, large angle of total internal reflection). Known polarizer has a high energy conversion efficiency unpolarized light into polarized, i.e. facing polarized light is converted almost all the energy is non-polarized light, and relatively flat construction. A disadvantage of the known polarizer [4] is a low degree of polarization of the emergent light, and the comparative complexity of its manufacture. The objective of the invention is to increase the degree of polarization emerging from the polarizer of the light while maintaining a high energy conversion efficiency unpolarized light into polarized, as well as the simplification of the structure is de of at least one film or plate, named funds deposited on its surface, called the polarizing means includes at least one birefringent layer, the surface of which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of light beams, means for changing polarization reflected from the polarizing means of light beams and reflecting means, guiding emerging from the polarizer light beams at substantially the same direction, made combined and contain a partitioned metal mirror surface that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the light beams. The essential features of the invention are: a means for converting an incoming unpolarized light in a lot of identical light beams, the polarizing means for separating called unpolarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams having different polarization, means for changing polarization reflected from the polarizing means of light beams and reflecting means, guiding emerging from the polarizer light beams in the same direction. The hallmark of the invention is that the polarizer made larisse means includes at least one birefringent layer, surface which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of light beams, means for changing polarization reflected from the polarizing means of light beams and reflecting means, guiding emerging from the polarizer light beams at substantially the same direction, made combined and contain a partitioned metal mirror surface that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the light beams. Preferred is a polarizer according to the invention, characterized in that the polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one birefringent layer, contains at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. More preferred is a polarizer according to the invention, characterized in that at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal is made of a polymeric cholesteric liquid crystal. Even more preferred is a polarizer according to the invention, characterized in that at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal has a thickness gradient step is m Preferred is also a polarizer according to the invention, characterized in that the polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, made in the form of at least one birefringent layer, includes at least three layers of cholesteric liquid crystals having a band of selective reflection of light in three different spectral bands. Preferred polarizer, characterized in that the polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams includes at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes, and partitioned before the metal mirror is a quarter-wave plate. Preferred also is the polarizer, wherein at least one birefringent layer is anisotropic absorbing and has at least one refractive index, increasing with increasing wavelength polarized light at least in a certain range of wavelength. When the consistent light in a lot of identical light beams is made in the form of a system of microlenses, focusing leaving them light beams inside the polarizer. In particular, the system of microlenses can be made in the form of positive cylindrical microlenses, completely covering the surface of the polarizer. Another example of the proposed polarizer differs in that the means for converting the incoming unpolarized light in a lot of identical light beams is made in the form of a system of microprism, completely covering the surface of the polarizer. Hereinafter, the concept of light and "optical" (polarizer) refers to electromagnetic radiation in the visible, near ultraviolet and near infrared wavelength ranges, i.e., the range of 250-300 nm to 1.000-2.000 nm (0.25-0.3 to 1-2 microns). Hereinafter mentioned flat polarizer solely for ease of understanding. Without loss of generality we mean the polarizer having a different shape: cylindrical, spherical and other more complex forms. In addition, the proposed polarizer can be designed as a structural single and isolated and deposited on various substrate or between substrates. One of the essential elements of the proposed field passing and reflected light beams. This means in other words is called a reflective polarizer or transflector polarization. A distinctive feature of the proposed polarizer is that the polarizing means includes at least one birefringent layer, the surface of which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the light beams. Depending on the type birefringent layer separating unpolarized light beams can be either linearly polarized passing and reflected with orthogonal polarizations or circular polarized passing and reflected with opposite signs of the rotation of polarization. Birefringent called layers, having at least two different refractive index: unusual nefor one linearly polarized components of light and ordinary nofor the other orthogonal linearly polarized components of light. In the simplest case, the optical axis, which correspond to the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices, orthogonal and are located in the plane of the layer. Optical axis, which corresponds to the extraordinary refractive index of nededicated to those in oriented nematic liquid crystal. Such a birefringent layer in the sense of kristallooptike corresponds optically uniaxial plate cut parallel to the main axis. Here and further treated, for example, optically positive birefringent layers, where ne> no. Without loss of generality that all the conclusions also apply to optical negative-birefringent layers, where ne< no. In the more General case, for example, for optically biaxial layers there are three different refractive index of nx= neny= nonz. The refractive index of nxcorresponds to the direction of oscillation of the light wave parallel to the layer plane and directed along a selected one way or another X-direction in the plane of the layer, nythe Y - direction oscillation of the light wave, also parallel to the layer plane, but perpendicular to the direction X, nzthe Z - direction oscillation of the light wave perpendicular to the plane of the layer. Depending on the method of manufacturing a birefringent layers and the type of materials used, the ratio of the refractive indices nxnynzmay be different. The significant difference of it at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer with at least one refractive index, increasing with increasing wavelength polarized light at least in a certain range of wavelength. It is most preferable to use an anisotropic absorbing birefringent layers with at least one refractive index is directly proportional to the wavelength of the polarized light at least in a certain range of wavelength. Birefringent layer may have a constant thickness direction of the optical axis, or direction of the optical axis can be changed according to a certain law. Typical examples of birefringent layers with constant thickness directions of the optical axes are oriented uniaxially or biaxially stretching a polymer film, a liquid or solidified oriented layers of nematic liquid crystals oriented and ordered molecular layers of dichroic dyes capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystal phase. An example of a birefringent layers with the directions of the optical axes, changing the thickness of the layer according to a certain law are layers of cholesteric liquid crystals. In such layers Opticheskie, rotates when mental movement in thickness, while remaining parallel to the plane of the layer. The distance across the thickness at which the optical axis makes a complete revolution through 360ocalled pitch of the cholesteric helix. The rotation direction of the optical axis can be either clockwise, and this spiral is called the right and counterclockwise, and this spiral is called the left. This structure (texture) of the birefringent layer of cholesteric liquid crystals is called the planar or texture Granian. The main optical properties of the birefringent layer of cholesteric liquid crystals with planar textures are:1. When light is incident on the layer, there is a region of selective reflection of light, the spectral position of which is proportional step cholesteric helix. 2. The spectral width of the region of selective reflection of light is proportional to the anisotropy of refractive index (i.e., the difference between the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices). 3. Within the region of selective reflection of light is circularly polarized component of the unpolarized light, the direction of rotation which coincides with the direction of rotations is bath light the direction of rotation which is opposite to the direction of rotation of the cholesteric helix, passes completely through the layer. Thus the layer of cholesteric liquid crystals with planar texture is a circular polarizer reflective type for passing and reflected light. This layer may serve or to be included in the polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams having different polarization. If necessary to convert the circular polarization into linear can be used well-known quarter-wave plate. For manufacturing a birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes can be used: 1. Oriented uniaxial or biaxial stretching of the polymer film, a transparent (does not absorb light in the range of operating wavelengths. 2. Layers of low molecular weight thermotropic liquid crystals or mixtures thereof, including representing the dichroic dyes or containing as components of liquid-crystalline and/or niekoniecznie legal substances or their mixtures, containing dissolved in the mass and/or chemically bonded with the polymer chain dichroic dyes. 4. Oriented films niickolaevsky polymeric materials with controlled degree of hydrophilicity, coloured dichroic dyes and/or iodine compounds. 5. Layers of dichroic organic dyes polymer structure. 6. Oriented ordered molecular layers of organic salts dichroic anionic dye. 7. Oriented ordered molecular layers of dichroic dyes capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystal phase, for example, a thickness of less than 0.1 μm, including polymer structure. 8. Anisotropic absorbing birefringent layers formed from associates dichroic dyes containing Innovene group, at least one mol of the organic ion. 9. Anisotropic absorbing birefringent layers formed from mixed salts dichroic anionic dyes containing various cations. 10. Anisotropic absorbing birefringent layers formed from associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic can be from the class of azo dyes, antrahinonovye, polycyclic, heterocyclic, triarylmethane and so on, which in turn belong to the anionic (direct, active and acid) and cationic. The listed examples are not limited to the possibility of using other materials for forming the birefringent layers for the proposed optical polarizer. Birefringent layer in the proposed optical polarizer can be both solid and liquid. The use of at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer though and causes a small loss of light in the optical polarizer, however, these losses are small, especially in layers of thickness less than 0.1 μm, and achieved technical result is to increase the degree of polarization emerging from the polarizer of the light while maintaining a high energy conversion efficiency unpolarized light into polarized compensates for these losses. The choice of methods of manufacturing a polarizer according to the invention depends on the type of materials used for the birefringent layers, and does not affect the essence of the invention. For forming on the surface of the proposed polarizer polarizing coatings, including inromania pre-oriented by stretching polymer films, application of materials used in liquid form roller, doctor blade, a squeegee in the form of a non-rotating cylinder, applying using a slit die, and others. In some cases, after applying the layer is dried to remove solvents. In other cases, such as thermoplastic polymeric materials and glassing materials deposited layer is cooled after application. Other methods that can be used to obtain a birefringent layers of material that form in the process of applying the liquid crystal phase is the application of this material on a substrate, initially prepared for the orientation of liquid-crystalline phases [5]. One such method is unidirectional rubbing of the substrate or previously deposited thin polymer layer, known and used for orientation of thermotropic low-molecular liquid-crystal mixtures in the manufacture of LCD displays. Another method of obtaining birefringent layers is a well - known photo orientation method previously applied in one way or another layer with irradiation of its linearly polarized UV light. For the, including having several flat nozzles and allows to apply in a single pass several layers of different polymeric materials required thickness. For the manufacture of the layer of cholesteric liquid crystals with planar texture can be used esters of cholesterol, nematic liquid crystals put into them by the addition of optically active compounds, the so-called chiral nematics, in which optically active center chemically connected with the molecules of a nematic liquid crystal, polymer cholesteric liquid crystals, lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystals, for example, polypeptides and cellulose ethers. Made layers can be liquid or solid. Curing of the layers may occur at lower temperatures, the evaporation of the solvent, polymerization, including photoinduced polymerization. As a means for converting an incoming unpolarized light in a lot of identical light beams can be used in the system of microlenses, both volumetric and flat Fresnel lenses, and other means for focusing light rays, the system microprism volume, for example a triangular shape, or PLA for deflection of light rays. For manufacturing system of microlenses and microprism can be used methods of pressing, casting, such as fill, pre-stamped holes of the desired shape in the polymer film is a polymer material with a higher refractive index, methods photoinduced polymerization, and other methods. For applying a partitioned metal mirror can be applied the following standard methods: thermal evaporation in a vacuum, drawing in pairs with subsequent thermal treatment, magnetron sputtering, and others. For the application of mirrors can be used aluminum (Al), silver (Ag) and other metals. Examples of the polarizer according to the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1-9. In Fig. 1 schematically shows the cross-section of the proposed polarizer, characterized in that it is made in the form of a single film or plate on the first surface which caused the system of microlenses, and a partitioned metal mirror, and the second polarizing means, including at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. In Fig. 2 is a schematically shows a General view of the proposed polarizer in Fig. 1. In Fig. 3 schematically show plates on the first surfaces of which are applied the system of microlenses, a partitioned metal mirror and a quarter-wave plate and the second polarizing means, including at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes. In Fig. 4 and 5 schematically shows a cross section of the proposed polarizer, characterized in that it is made in the form of a single film or plate on the first surface which caused a partitioned metal mirror, and the second polarizing means and system of microlenses. In Fig. 6 and 7 schematically shows a cross section of the proposed polarizer is made of two laminated films or plates on the outer surfaces of which are covered with polarizing means and two systems of microlenses, on the inner surfaces is partitioned metal mirror 3. In Fig. 8 and 9 schematically shows a cross section of the proposed polarizer is made of two laminated films or plates on the outer surfaces of which are covered with polarizing means and the system microprism on the inner surfaces is partitioned metal mirror 3. In Fig. 1 schemat is, the and the first surfaces of which are applied consistently, the system of microlenses 2 and partitioned metal mirror 3, optically combined with a specified system of microlenses, and on the second surface of the film or plate applied to the means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. The work of the proposed polarizer can be explained as follows (for clarity of understanding in Fig. 1 the course of the rays is shown in a simplified way, without taking into account the refraction at the boundaries of different layers and only one of the microlenses). Unpolarized light 5 falls on the first surface of the polarizer and focused by the microlenses inside polarizer, forming light beams 6. Partitioned metal mirror 3 virtually no screens unpolarized light 5, because the transverse dimensions of its reflective elements are chosen much smaller than the transverse dimensions of the microlenses (for example, the transverse dimensions of reflective elements is 10 μm, and the lateral dimensions of the microlenses is 100-200 μm). Focused by the microlenses 2 light beams 6 are the means 4 for dividing nepaleisiu is in the layer of cholesteric liquid crystal. While approximately half of the light energy unpolarized light beams 6 is transformed into the energy of the transmitted light beam 7, for example, with right circular polarization (direction of the circular polarization of the passing light beam is opposite to the sign of the spiral used cholesteric liquid crystal). The other half of the light energy unpolarized light beams 6 is transformed into the energy of the reflected light beams 8, in this example, the left circular polarization (direction of the circular polarization of the reflected light beams coincides with the sign of the spiral used cholesteric liquid crystal). Reflected light beams 8 with left circular polarization converges at a point on the reflective metal mirror 3 (focal length or, in other words, the optical power of the microlenses 2 are chosen appropriately). Reflected from the metallic mirror 3 light beams 9 have the right circular polarization, i.e., opposite to the polarization of the light beam 8 is incident on a metal mirror 3. This change of polarization due to the known optical properties of metallic mirrors. Svetovit changes. Thus, the effect of the polarizer energy unpolarized light 5 is almost completely transformed into energy, leaving polarized beams 7 and 9 with the same circular polarization to a high degree. To extend the range of wavelength polarizer means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, made in the form of at least one birefringent layer, includes at least three layers of cholesteric liquid crystals having a band of selective reflection of light in three different spectral bands. In the same or a different example of the polarizer with an extended range of operating wavelengths of at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal has a thickness gradient step cholesteric helix and the spectral bandwidth of the selective light reflection of at least 100 nm. Preferred polarizer, wherein at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal is made of a polymeric cholesteric liquid crystal. To turn without loss of energy coming from polarization installed quarter-wave plate. In Fig. 2 schematically shows a General view of the proposed polarizer, the cross section of which is shown in Fig. 1. The polarizer is made in the form of a single film or plate 1, on the first surfaces of which are applied consistently, the system of microlenses 2 and partitioned metal mirror 3, optically combined with a specified system of microlenses, and the second surface of the film caused a means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. As a result of polarizer energy unpolarized light 5 is almost completely converted into energy polarized beams 7 and 9 with the same circular polarization. In Fig. 3 schematically shows a cross section of the proposed polarizer made in the form of a single film or plate 1, on the first surfaces of which are applied the system of microlenses 2 and partitioned metal mirror 3, optically combined with a specified system of microlenses. Before partitioned metal mirror 3 is placed a quarter-wave plate 10, partitioned, i.e., covering at least the sun is. completely covering the first surface of the polarizer. On the second surface of the film 1 is caused to the means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes. The work of the proposed polarizer can be explained as follows (for clarity of understanding in Fig. 3 the course of the rays is shown in a simplified way, without taking into account the refraction at the boundaries of different layers and only one of the microlenses). Unpolarized light 5 falls on the first surface of the polarizer and focused by the microlenses inside polarizer, forming light beams 6. Partitioned metal mirror 3 virtually no screens unpolarized light, because the transverse dimensions of its reflective elements are chosen much smaller than the transverse dimensions of the microlenses (for example, the transverse dimensions of reflective elements is 10 μm, and the lateral dimensions of the microlenses is 100-200 μm). Focused by the microlenses 2 light beams 6 are the means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, vkluchaia. While approximately half of the light energy unpolarized light beams 6 is transformed into the energy of the transmitted light beam 7, for example, with linear polarization, perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The other half of the light energy unpolarized light beams 6 is transformed into the energy of the reflected light beams 8, in this example with linear polarization parallel to the plane of the drawing. Reflected light beams 8 with linear polarization parallel to the plane of the drawing, are quarter-wave plate 10 and converges at a point on the reflective metal mirror 3 (focal length or, in other words, the optical power of the microlenses 2 are chosen appropriately). Reflected from the metallic mirror 3 and passed again through the quarter wave plate 10 light beams 9 have a linear polarization perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, i.e., orthogonal linear polarized light beam 8 is incident on a metal mirror 3. This change of polarization due to the known optical properties of the combination of a quarter-wave plate and a metal mirror. Light beams 9, with linear polarization, perpendic the s optical axes unchanged. Thus, the effect of the polarizer energy unpolarized light 5 is almost completely transformed into energy, leaving polarized beams 7 and 9 with the same linear polarization (in this example, perpendicular to the plane of the figure) to a high degree. In Fig. 4 schematically shows a cross section of the proposed polarizer made in the form of a single film or plate 1, on the first surface which caused a partitioned metal mirror 3, and the second surface of the film deposited successively system of microlenses 2, optically aligned with the sections of the metallic mirror 3, and the means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. The work of the proposed polarizer can be explained as follows (for clarity of understanding in Fig. 4 the course of the rays is shown in a simplified way, without taking into account the refraction at the boundaries of different layers and only one of the microlenses). Unpolarized light 5 passes through the film 1 and the system of microlenses 2, which converts by focusing the incoming non-polarized light 5 in mnozhestv on the polarized passing and reflected light beams, including at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. Partitioned metal mirror 3 virtually no screens unpolarized light 5, because the transverse dimensions of its reflective elements are chosen much smaller than the transverse dimensions of the microlenses (for example, the transverse dimensions of reflective elements is 10 μm, and the lateral dimensions of the microlenses is 100-200 μm). Therefore, approximately half of the light energy unpolarized light beams having polarizing means 4 is transformed into the energy of the transmitted light beam 7, for example, with right circular polarization (direction of the circular polarization of the passing light beam is opposite to the sign of the spiral used cholesteric liquid crystal). The other half of the light energy unpolarized light beams converted into the energy of the reflected light beams 8, in this example, the left circular polarization (direction of the circular polarization of the reflected light beams coincides with the sign of the spiral used cholesteric liquid crystal). Reflected from the polarizing means 4 and again passed through the system of microlenses 2 light beams 8 with left circular polarization application: the tion or in other words, the optical power of the microlenses 2 are chosen appropriately). Reflected from the metallic mirror 3 light beams 9 have the right circular polarization, i.e., opposite to the polarization of the light beam 8 is incident on a metal mirror 3. This change of polarization due to the known optical properties of metallic mirrors. Light beams 9, having the right circular polarization, passes through the layer of cholesteric liquid crystal unchanged. Thus, the effect of the polarizer energy unpolarized light 5 is almost completely transformed into energy, leaving polarized beams 7 and 9 with the same circular polarization to a high degree. More preferred is a polarizer according to the invention, characterized in that at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal has a thickness gradient step cholesteric helix and the spectral bandwidth of the selective light reflection of at least 100 nm. In Fig. 5 schematically shows a cross section of the proposed polarizer made in the form of a single film or plate 1, on the first surface of which is marked CE is Nova plate 10, partitioned, i.e., covering at least the entire surface of a partitioned metal mirror 3, as shown in Fig. 5, either non-partitioned, i.e., completely covering the first surface of the polarizer. On the second surface of the film deposited successively system of microlenses 2, optically aligned with the sections of the metallic mirror 3, and the means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes. The work of the proposed polarizer can be explained as follows (for clarity of understanding in Fig. 5 the course of the rays is shown in a simplified way, without taking into account the refraction at the boundaries of different layers and only one of the microlenses). Unpolarized light 5 passes through the film or plate 1 and the system of microlenses 2, which converts by focusing the incoming non-polarized light 5 in a lot of identical light beams. These beams fall on the means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one delachapelle the lo 3 virtually no screens unpolarized light 5, since the transverse dimensions of its reflective elements are chosen much smaller than the transverse dimensions of the microlenses (for example, the transverse dimensions of reflective elements is 10 μm, and the lateral dimensions of the microlenses is 100-200 μm). Therefore, approximately half of the light energy unpolarized light beams having polarizing means 4 is transformed into the energy of the transmitted light beam 7, for example, with linear polarization, perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The other half of the light energy unpolarized light beams converted into the energy of the reflected light beams 8, in this example with linear polarization parallel to the plane of the drawing. Reflected from the polarizing means 4 and again passed through the system of microlenses 2 light beams 8 pass through the quarter wave plate 10 and converges at a point on the reflective metal mirror 3 (focal length or, in other words, the optical power of the microlenses 2 are chosen appropriately). Passing through the quarter wave plate 10 is reflected from the metallic mirror 3 and passed again through the quarter wave plate 10 light beams 9 have a linear polarization, perpendicular. This change of polarization due to the known optical properties of the combination of a quarter-wave plate and a metal mirror. Light beams 9, with linear polarization, perpendicular to the picture plane, pass through the birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes unchanged. Thus, the effect of the polarizer energy unpolarized light 5 is almost completely transformed into energy, leaving polarized beams 7 and 9 with the same linear polarization (in this example, perpendicular to the plane of the figure) to a high degree. In Fig. 6 schematically shows the cross-section of the proposed polarizer made in the form of two, for example, laminated films or plates 1 and 11, on the outer surface of the first film or plate applied is the first system of microlenses 2, on the inner surface of the first or second film or plate applied partitioned metal mirror 3, and the outer surface of the second film or plate applied consistently the second system of microlenses 2, optically aligned with the sections of the metallic mirror 3 and the first system of microlenses, and a means 4 for the future at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. The work of the proposed polarizer can be explained as follows (for clarity of understanding in Fig. 6 the course of the rays is shown in a simplified way, for only one of the microlenses). Unpolarized light 5 passes through the first system of microlenses 2, which converts the incoming non-polarized light 5 in a lot of identical light beams 6 a strong focus on those areas of the inner surface of the first film or plate, which is not covered by the sections of the metallic mirror 3. After passing through the focus of the beams 6 are second system of microlenses, and come to the means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. Approximately half of the light energy unpolarized light beams having polarizing means 4 is transformed into the energy of the transmitted light beam 7, for example, with right circular polarization (direction of the circular polarization of the passing light beam is opposite to the sign of the spiral used cholesteric liquid crystal). The other half of the light energy unpolarized light beams converted into the energy of the reflected light potovyh beams coincides with the sign of the spiral used cholesteric liquid crystal). Reflected from the polarizing means 4 and again past the second system of microlenses 2 light beams 8 with left circular polarization are parallel rays, i.e., the beams 8 are focused at infinity (for this focal length or, in other words, the optical power of the second system of microlenses 2 are chosen appropriately). After reflection from the metallic mirror 3 light beams 8 are transformed into light beams 9, which have a right-circular polarization, i.e., opposite to the polarization of the light beam 8 is incident on a metal mirror 3. This change of polarization due to the known optical properties of metallic mirrors. Partitioned metal mirror 3 is almost completely reflects the beams 8, i.e., no loss of light energy, because the lateral dimensions of the places where there are no reflective elements are chosen much smaller than the transverse dimensions of the microlenses (for example, the transverse dimensions of these places are 10 μm and lateral dimensions of the microlenses is 100-200 μm). Light beams 9, having the right circular polarization and parallel rays pass through the second system of microlenses, and a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal, without changes to the system of microlenses. Thus, the effect of the polarizer energy unpolarized light 5 is almost completely transformed into energy, leaving polarized beams 7 and 9 with the same circular polarization to a high degree. In Fig. 7 schematically shows a cross section of the proposed polarizer is made of two laminated films or plates 1 and 11. On the outer surface of the first film or plate applied is the first system of microlenses 2, on the inner surface, for example, the first film caused a partitioned metal mirror 3, on which is deposited a quarter-wave plate, cover with the need for all sections of the metallic mirror 3 and, possibly, to simplify the process of application, the closed sections of the mirror 3. On the outer surface of the second film or plate applied consistently the second system of microlenses 2, optically aligned with the sections of the metallic mirror 3 and the first system of microlenses, and a means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical OS is Fig. 7 the course of the rays is shown in a simplified way, for only one of the microlenses). Unpolarized light 5 passes through the system of microlenses 2, which converts the incoming non-polarized light 5 in a lot of identical light beams 6 a strong focus on those areas of the inner surface of the first film, which is not covered by the sections of the metallic mirror 3. After passing through the focus of the beams 6 are second system of microlenses, and come to the means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes. Approximately half of the light energy unpolarized light beams having polarizing means 4 is transformed into the energy of the transmitted light beam 7, for example, with linear polarization, perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The other half of the light energy unpolarized light beams converted into the energy of the reflected light beams 8, in this example with linear polarization parallel to the plane of the drawing. Passing through the quarter wave plate 10 is reflected from the metallic mirror 3 and passed again through chetverti aghaloo polarized light beams 8, falling on the metal mirror 3. This change of polarization due to the known optical properties of the combination of a quarter-wave plate and a metal mirror. Partitioned metal mirror 3 is almost completely reflects the beams 8, i.e., no loss of light energy, because the lateral dimensions of the places where there are no reflective elements are chosen much smaller than the transverse dimensions of the microlenses (for example, the transverse dimensions of these places are 10 μm and lateral dimensions of the microlenses is 100-200 μm). Light beams 9, with linear polarization, perpendicular to the picture plane, pass through the birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes without changing the polarization state and intensity, but turn into converging beams by passing through the second system of microlenses. Thus, the effect of the polarizer energy unpolarized light 5 is almost completely transformed into energy, leaving polarized beams 7 and 9 with the same linear polarization (in this example, perpendicular to the plane of the figure) to a high degree. In Fig. 8 schematically illustrates the cross brings the outer surface of the first film or plate applied system microprism 12, on the inner surface of the first or second film or plate applied partitioned metal mirror 3, is optically combined with the system of the microprism 12. On the outer surface of the second film or plate applied polarizing means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. The work of the proposed polarizer can be explained as follows (for clarity of understanding in Fig. 8 the course of the rays is shown in a simplified way). Unpolarized light 5 passes through the system microprism 12, which converts the incoming non-polarized light 5 in a lot of identical light beams 6 with parallel rays. Beams 6 are deflected from the perpendicular to the film plane left and right slope of the prisms 12 at equal angles to the right and left respectively (in this example, the refractive index of the material microprism is selected more refractive index of the film material) and pass through the space in a partitioned metal mirror 3 not occupied by the reflective mirror elements 3. Then unpolarized beams 6 are on the polarizing means 4 for deeg at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. Approximately half of the light energy unpolarized light beams 6, having polarizing means 4 is transformed into the energy of the transmitted light beam 7, for example, with right circular polarization (direction of the circular polarization of the passing light beam is opposite to the sign of the spiral used cholesteric liquid crystal). The other half of the light energy unpolarized light beams 6 is transformed into the energy of the reflected light beams 8, in this example, the left circular polarization (direction of the circular polarization of the reflected light beams coincides with the sign of the spiral used cholesteric liquid crystal). After reflection from the metallic mirror 3 light beams 8 are transformed into light beams 9, which have a right-circular polarization, i.e., opposite to the polarization of the light beam 8 is incident on a metal mirror 3. This change of polarization due to the known optical properties of metallic mirrors. Partitioned metal mirror 3 reflects the beams 8, i.e., no loss of light energy, because the transverse dimensions of reflective elements are chosen equal and little b is the layer of cholesteric liquid crystal without changing the polarization state and intensity. Thus, the effect of the polarizer energy unpolarized light 5 is almost completely transformed into energy, leaving polarized beams 7 and 9 with the same circular polarization to a high degree. System microprism 12 deposited on the outer surface of the first film may be facing peaks microprism out of the film. Microprism may also have a different shape than triangular. In Fig. 9 schematically shows a cross section of the proposed polarizer made in the form of two, for example, laminated films or plates 1 and 11. On the outer surface of the first film or plate applied system microprism 12, on the inner surface of the first film or plate consistently applied partitioned metal mirror 3, is optically combined with the system of the microprism 12, and a quarter-wave plate 10 covering with the need for all sections of the metallic mirror 3 and, possibly, to facilitate application of technology, and space is not closed sections of the mirror 3. On the outer surface of the second film applied polarizing means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light pooch is practical axes. The work of the proposed polarizer can be explained as follows (for clarity of understanding in Fig. 9 the course of the rays is shown in a simplified way). Unpolarized light 5 passes through the system microprism 12, which converts the incoming non-polarized light 5 in a lot of identical light beams 6 with parallel rays. Beams 6 are deflected from the perpendicular to the film plane left and right slope of the prisms 12 at equal angles to the right and left respectively and pass through the space in a partitioned metal mirror 3 not occupied by the reflective mirror elements 3. Then unpolarized beams 6 are on the polarizing means 4 for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes. Approximately half of the light energy unpolarized light beams 6, having polarizing means 4 is transformed into the energy of the transmitted light beam 7, for example, with linear polarization, perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The other half of the light energy unpolarized light beams 6 turns into energised through the quarter wave plate 10, reflected from the metallic mirror 3 and passed again through the quarter wave plate 10 light beams 9 have a linear polarization perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, i.e., orthogonal to the polarization of the light beam 8 is incident on a metal mirror 3. This change of polarization due to the known optical properties of the combination of a quarter-wave plate and a metal mirror. Partitioned metal mirror 3 reflects the beams 8, i.e., no loss of light energy, because the transverse dimensions of reflective elements are chosen equal to and slightly greater transverse dimensions of the beam 8. Light beams 9, with linear polarization, perpendicular to the picture plane, pass through the polarizing means 4 without changing the polarization state and intensity. Thus, the effect of the polarizer energy unpolarized light 5 is almost completely transformed into energy, leaving polarized beams 7 and 9 with the same linear polarization to a high degree. The present invention is not limited to the described specific examples of specific performance of the proposed polarizer. Sources IVCa PCT/WO 95/17691, G 02 B 5/30, 1995. 3. RF patent N 2068573, G 02 F 1/13, 1996. 4. U.S. patent N 5,566,367, G 02 B 5/30, 1996. 5. U.S. patent N 2,524,286, 350-155, 1950. 1. A polarizer comprising a means for converting an incoming unpolarized light in a lot of identical light beams, the polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams having different polarization, means for changing polarization reflected from the polarizing means of light beams and reflecting means, guiding emerging from the polarizer light beams in the same direction, characterized in that it is made in the form of at least one film or plate, these agents deposited on its surface, polarizing means includes at least one birefringent layer, the surface which is perpendicular to the axis of the light beams, a means for changing polarization reflected from the polarizing means of light beams and reflecting means, guiding emerging from the polarizer light beams in the same direction, made combined and contain a partitioned metal mirror, poverhnostei means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams comprises a birefringent layer at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. 3. The polarizer under item 2, characterized in that at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal is made of a polymeric cholesteric liquid crystal. 4. The polarizer under item 2, characterized in that at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal has a thickness gradient step cholesteric helix and the spectral bandwidth of the selective light reflection of at least 100 nm. 5. The polarizer under item 2, characterized in that the polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams includes at least three layers of cholesteric liquid crystals having a band of selective reflection of light in three different spectral bands. 6. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that the birefringent layer included in the polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, has a constant thickness direction of the optical axis, and partitioned before the metal mirror is a quarter-wave plate. 7. The polarizer on p. 6, otlichalis the least one refractive index, increasing with increasing wavelength polarized light at least in a certain range of wavelength. 8. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that the means for converting the incoming unpolarized light in a lot of identical light beams is made in the form of a system of microlenses, focusing leaving them light beams inside the polarizer. 9. The polarizer under item 8, characterized in that the system of microlenses made in the form of positive cylindrical microlenses, completely covering the surface of the polarizer. 10. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that the means for converting the incoming unpolarized light in a lot of identical light beams is made in the form of a system of microprism, completely covering the surface of the polarizer. 11. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a single film or plate on the first surface which caused the system of microlenses, and partitioned metallic mirror optically aligned with the system of microlenses, and on the second surface of the film or plate applied polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams by the polarized prla. 12. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a single film or plate on the first surface which caused the system of microlenses, partitioned metallic mirror optically aligned with the system of microlenses, and a quarter-wave plate, and the second surface of the film or plate applied polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes. 13. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a single film or plate on the first surface which caused a partitioned metal mirror, and the second surface of the film or plate applied successively system of microlenses optically aligned with the sections of the metallic mirror and polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. 14. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a single film or plastinka, and on the second surface of the film or plate applied successively system of microlenses optically aligned with the sections of the metallic mirror and polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes. 15. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of at least two laminated films or plates, on the outer surface of the first film or plate applied is the first system of microlenses, on the inner surface of the first or second film or plate applied partitioned metal mirror, and on the outer surface of the second film or plate is additionally marked with the second system of lenses, optically aligned with the sections of the metal mirror and the first system of microlenses, and polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, which includes at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal. 16. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that it violetine marked the first system of microlenses, on the inner surface of the first or second film or plate is partitioned metal mirror and a quarter-wave plate, on the outer surface of the second film or plate is additionally marked with the second system of lenses, optically aligned with the sections of the metal mirror and the first system of microlenses, and polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, which includes at least one birefringent layer with constant thickness directions of the optical axes. 17. The polarizer under item 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of two laminated films or plates, on the outer surface of the first film or plate applied system microprism on the inner surface of the first or second film or plate is partitioned metallic mirror optically aligned with the system microprism on the outer surface of the second film or plate - polarizing means for dividing the non-polarized light beams on polarized passing and reflected light beams, comprising at least one layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal.
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